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单词 carat
释义

caratn.

Brit. /ˈkarət/, U.S. /ˈkɛrət/
Forms: 1500s caracte, carette, carret, ( carrotte), charect, 1500s–1600s karect(e, carrect, kirat, 1500s–1800s caract, 1600s caratt, karat, karrat, charat, charact, charract, ( corrat, carack, carrack), 1600s–1700s carrat, carract, 1600s– carat.
Etymology: < French carat, < Italian carato : compare Spanish quilate , earlier quirate , Portuguese quilate , earlier quirate , < Arabic qīrāṭ (and qirrāṭ ) ‘weight of 4 grains’, according to Freytag < Greek κεράτιον ‘little horn, fruit of carob or locust tree, a weight = 1/ 3 of an obol’. Isidore ( xvi. xxv. 10) has ‘ceratum oboli pars media est, habens siliquam unam et semis’; but originally the Greek κεράτιον was identical with the Latin siliqua , and was called the siliqua Graeca . (Formerly confounded with caract mark, sign, character: see sense 4) As a measure of weight and fineness, the carat represents the Roman siliqua, as 1/ 24 of the golden solidus of Constantine, which was 1/ 6 of an ounce: hence the various values into which 1/ 24 and 1/ 144 enter or originally entered.
1. The seed or ‘bean’ of the carob-tree. Obsolete.
ΘΚΠ
the world > plants > particular plants > cultivated or valued plants > particular food plant or plant product > edible pods, seeds, leaves, or flowers > [noun] > carob
carob1548
St John's bread1568
locust1597
carat1601
algarroba1671
locust bean1731
1601 P. Holland tr. Pliny Hist. World I. 447 The fruit called Carobes or Caracts.
1846 J. Lindley Veg. Kingdom (1853) 550. ]
2. A measure of weight used for diamonds and other precious stones, originally 1/ 144 of an ounce, or 31/ 3 grains, but now equal to about 1/ 150 of an ounce troy, or 31/ 5 grains, though varying slightly with time and place. It is divided into 4 carat-grains. Also attributive, as in a one-carat diamond, and (quot. 1568) in more general use.
ΘΚΠ
the world > relative properties > measurement > measurement by weighing > [noun] > unit or denomination of weight
weightc1175
M1548
carat1568
killat1580
muttie1672
minim1790
the world > relative properties > measurement > measurement by weighing > [noun] > unit or denomination of weight > unit of weight for precious stones
carat1568
quilate1577
ct.1865
1568 W. Turner Herbal iii. 50 If one kirat of it be geven in wine, it maketh a man wonderfully dronken.
?1578 W. Patten Let. Entertainm. Killingwoorth 66 Az for the valu, yoor iewellers by their carrets let them cast & they can.
1588 T. Hickock in tr. C. Federici Voy. & Trauaile f. 14v (margin) These Perles are prised according to the caracts which they waye, euerye caract is foure graines.
1616 J. Bullokar Eng. Expositor Kirat, an Arabian word signifying the weight of three graines.
1667 E. King in Philos. Trans. (Royal Soc.) 2 429 A Diamond of 10 Carats.
1679 London Gaz. No. 1462/4 Lost..a parcel of Rough Diamonds..containing 38 Caracks 7/ 8.
1745 S. Madden Boulter's Monument 57 Augmenting Carracts vastly raise Th' advancing Value of the Diamond's Blaze.
1750 W. Beawes Lex Mercatoria (1752) 873 The Jewellers divide the Ounce into 152 Parts, or Carats, and these into Grains, whereof four make a Carat.
1868 E. Seyd Bullion 146 Six carats are equal to 19 grains Troy weight.
1875 W. S. Jevons Money (1878) 36 A one carat diamond.
1887 Whitaker's Almanack 362 The jewellery ounce is divided into 151½ carats and 600 pearl-grains.
3.
a. A proportional measure of one twenty-fourth used in stating the fineness of gold; e.g. if the mass contain 22 parts of pure gold and 2 of alloy, it is said to be 22 carats fine, or gold of 22 carats. Also attributive with numeral, as 22-carat gold.
ΘΚΠ
society > occupation and work > materials > derived or manufactured material > metal > precious metal > [noun] > gold > measure of fineness
carat1555
quilate1577
karat1901
ct.1985
1555 R. Eden tr. G. F. de Oviedo y Valdés Summarie Gen. Hist. W. Indies in tr. Peter Martyr of Angleria Decades of Newe Worlde f. 177 The golde..is..of .xxii. caractes or better in fynesse.
1575–6 Act 18 Eliz. xv No..Golde lesse in fynesse than that of xxij Carrottes.
1627 J. Donne Serm. Lady Danuers 109 All their clods of earth are gold, and all their gold of innumerable carats.
1677 W. Badcock Touch-stone Gold & Silver Wares 57 In his report of a Gold assay he [sc. the Assay-master] sets it down by Carracts and Carract-grains.
1722 London Gaz. No. 6059/2 The Gold..will be of the Standard of 22 Carrats.
1798 C. Hutton Course Math. I. 115 It is said to be 22 caracts fine.
1820 G. G. Carey Guide Publ. Funds 94 The whole weight of any piece of pure gold is supposed to be divided into twenty four parts, called carats.
figurative.a1586 Sir P. Sidney Astrophel & Stella (1591) 7 Beauties which were of many Carrects fine.
b. The tradition that the carat was originally a definite weight of gold, and = 1/ 24 of some weight (see the etymology), survived in dictionaries, arithmetical works, etc., but these have erroneously taken it as 1/ 24 of an ounce (= 1 scruple), and 1/ 24 of a pound Troy (= 1/ 2 oz.); also as 1/ 3 of an ounce.
ΘΚΠ
the world > relative properties > measurement > measurement by weighing > [noun] > unit or denomination of weight > specific troy units
troy ounce1390
troy pound1390
unicorn1506
mast1545
carat1552
1552 R. Huloet Abcedarium Anglico Latinum at Scruple A certayne measuer called a charect, whereof thre make a dramme.
1558 W. Ward tr. G. Ruscelli Secretes Alexis of Piemount (1568) 49 a Take Damaskene Roses..an unce, Lignum Aloes, Galanga, Bengewyne, of eche of them a carette.
1656 T. Blount Glossographia Carat..is the third part of an ounce.
1667 E. Chamberlayne Angliæ Notitia: 1st Pt. (1684) i. 12 The pound weight or 12 Ounces Troy of Gold, is divided into 24 parts which are called carrats so that each carrat is 10 penny weight troy, or half an ounce.
1686 W. Harris tr. N. Lémery Course Chym. (ed. 2) i. i. 64 A Carat of Gold is properly the weight of one Scruple.
1755 Gentleman's Mag. Aug. 361/2 Weigh a small vial which holds about 4 ounces..fill it with water, and weigh that..1–128th of the whole..is called a caract.
1852 A. Ryland Assay of Gold & Silver 28 The ounce containing 24 carats.
4. figurative. Worth, value; estimate. Obsolete.Here a confusion with charact n. character, is evident.
ΘΚΠ
the mind > goodness and badness > quality of being good > worth > [noun]
worthOE
worthfulnessOE
price?c1225
savour?c1225
aughtshipc1275
dearworthinessc1325
worthiness1372
preciousnessc1390
richesa1400
preciosity1402
valeur1433
valurec1440
preciousheadc1450
vail1471
paragea1475
valour?a1475
availa1522
vailance1532
validity1593
carat1600
condignity1605
valiant1606
esteeming1609
self-worth1610
telling1636
valuableness?1649
worthship1664
treasurableness1898
1600 W. Shakespeare Henry IV, Pt. 2 iv. iii. 290 Thou best of gold, art worse then gold, Other lesse fine, in karrat more precious.
1616 B. Jonson Every Man in his Humor (rev. ed.) iii. iii, in Wks. I. 35 No beautie, no; you are of too good caract, To be left so, without a guard.
1650 J. Howell tr. A. Giraffi Exact Hist. Late Revol. Naples 125 Authority doth commonly discompose the mind of man, specially one of a base carat.
a1680 S. Butler Genuine Remains (1759) II. 14 Counterfeit Jewels of any Caract.
This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1888; most recently modified version published online December 2021).
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n.1552
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