affeerv.

Brit.

/əˈfɪə/, U.S.

/əˈfɪ(ə)r/

Forms:

α. early Middle English aueir, Middle English afere, Middle English aferre, Middle English affure, Middle English–1700s affere, Middle English– affeer, 1500s affer, 1600s affear, 1700s afeer, 1700s affier.

β. Middle English fere.

Origin: A borrowing from French. Etymon: French aferer.

Etymology: < Anglo-Norman aferer, affeerer, afferer, affurer, afurer, Anglo-Norman and Middle French affeurer, Middle French afeurer (also Anglo-Norman affoerer , Anglo-Norman and Middle French afforer , Old French, Middle French aforer ; French †affeurer , †afforer ) to determine the value of (goods, or a weight or measure) (beginning of the 13th cent. or earlier), to tax (someone) (13th cent. or earlier), to fix the amount of (an amercement) (c1240 or earlier) < post-classical Latin afforare to assess (from 12th cent. in British sources; also as afferare , affurare ), to appraise, fix the price of (from 13th cent. in British and continental sources) < classical Latin af- , variant of ad- (see af- prefix) + forum market, in post-classical Latin also market price (see forum n.). Compare Old Occitan aforar, Catalan aforar (14th cent.), both in sense ‘to determine the price of (goods)’.The original form of the French infinitive was Old French aforer . Finite forms with root-stress (e.g. the 1st singular and 3rd singular present indicative) had -ue- (also written -eu- ) as the stem vowel (compare the forms of the French etymons of e.g. move v., prove v.), while the weak forms retained -o- . In β. forms aphetic < α. forms.

Now historical.

1. transitive. To determine, decide, assess; (Law) to fix or settle the amount of (a fine or amercement), typically by adjusting a generally prescribed penalty according to the particular circumstances of an offender and his or her offence; to settle the amount to be paid by (a person); to perform this task for (a certain community or region). Also occasionally intransitive.In quot. a1250: (probably) to allot, apportion.

ΘΚΠ

society > authority > punishment > fine > [verb (transitive)] > assess or fix amount of

affeera1250

assess1581

a1250 in C. Brown Eng. Lyrics 13th Cent. (1932) 7 (MED) Þu schalt me a-ueir dol of heoueriche blisse.

c1425 in Norfolk Archaeol. (1864) 6 229 Syrs, ȝe shal duweli leie þis lete..and truli upon ȝoure discreciouns affeeren it aftir her presentment.

1433 in M. Sellers York Mercers & Merchant Adventurers (1918) 37 Diverse persones, that were afferyd in the time of Robert of Yarom..and hafe noght payde thaire afferaunce.

1467 in J. T. Smith & L. T. Smith Eng. Gilds (1870) 395 Affurers of good name and fame..to assesse and affure alle such amerciaments.

1516 Modus tenendi Cur. Baronum (Pynson) C i Chose ii. iii. or iiii. afferers to affer the court.

1523 J. Fitzherbert Bk. Surueyeng xi. f. 21 The othe of afferoure. I shall truely affere this court, and highe no man for no hate, ne lowe no man for no loue.

1588 W. Lambarde Eirenarcha (rev. ed.) iv. xvi. 578 That Amercement and summe of mony, which he is to pay..ought to be asseassed and affeered by the good and lawfull men of the neighbourhood.

1641 Rastell's Termes de la Ley (new ed.) f. 13 The amerciament of every Juror shall be affeered according to his offence.

1738 Hist. View Court of Exchequer iii. 41 They used likewise to affere, or bring in their own Assessments, just as the Freemen in a Court-Baron do affere the assessments of those who are absent.

1768 W. Blackstone Comm. Laws Eng. IV. iv. xxix. 379 Amercements imposed by the superior courts on their own officers and ministers were affeered by the judges themselves.

1799 J. Wentworth Compl. Syst. Pleading IX. p. lxxiv A fine amerced and afeered upon defendant for not appearing after being duly summoned.

1826 Law Rep.: King's Bench Div. 3 373 The sessions should have entered into a previous inquiry upon the subject, and should have affeered (assessed) the defendant.

1935 Eng. Hist. Rev. 50 710 The amount of the amercements is taxed or affeered at the end of the judicial proceedings.

1987 Past & Present Aug. 43 The jury of the manorial court was entitled to affeer the fine agreed between the lord and his incoming tenant.

†2. transitive. To make definite; to confirm, ratify. Obsolete. rare.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > language > statement > ratification or confirmation > confirm or ratify [verb (transitive)]

confirm1297

ratify1357

endoss1381

approve1413

roborate?a1475

establish1533

justify1596

firm1599

rate?1611

affeera1616

tie1623

convalidate1656

sanction1778

accredit1826

countersign1840

endorse1847

a1616 W. Shakespeare Macbeth (1623) iv. iii. 35 Great Tyrrany, lay thou thy basis sure, For goodnesse dare not check thee: wear y^u thy wrongs, The Title, is affear'd .

This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, September 2012; most recently modified version published online December 2021).

单词	affeer
释义	affeerv. Brit. /əˈfɪə/, U.S. /əˈfɪ(ə)r/ Forms: α. early Middle English aueir, Middle English afere, Middle English aferre, Middle English affure, Middle English–1700s affere, Middle English– affeer, 1500s affer, 1600s affear, 1700s afeer, 1700s affier. β. Middle English fere. Origin: A borrowing from French. Etymon: French aferer. Etymology: < Anglo-Norman aferer, affeerer, afferer, affurer, afurer, Anglo-Norman and Middle French affeurer, Middle French afeurer (also Anglo-Norman affoerer , Anglo-Norman and Middle French afforer , Old French, Middle French aforer ; French †affeurer , †afforer ) to determine the value of (goods, or a weight or measure) (beginning of the 13th cent. or earlier), to tax (someone) (13th cent. or earlier), to fix the amount of (an amercement) (c1240 or earlier) < post-classical Latin afforare to assess (from 12th cent. in British sources; also as afferare , affurare ), to appraise, fix the price of (from 13th cent. in British and continental sources) < classical Latin af- , variant of ad- (see af- prefix) + forum market, in post-classical Latin also market price (see forum n.). Compare Old Occitan aforar, Catalan aforar (14th cent.), both in sense ‘to determine the price of (goods)’.The original form of the French infinitive was Old French aforer . Finite forms with root-stress (e.g. the 1st singular and 3rd singular present indicative) had -ue- (also written -eu- ) as the stem vowel (compare the forms of the French etymons of e.g. move v., prove v.), while the weak forms retained -o- . In β. forms aphetic < α. forms. Now historical. 1. transitive. To determine, decide, assess; (Law) to fix or settle the amount of (a fine or amercement), typically by adjusting a generally prescribed penalty according to the particular circumstances of an offender and his or her offence; to settle the amount to be paid by (a person); to perform this task for (a certain community or region). Also occasionally intransitive.In quot. a1250: (probably) to allot, apportion. ΘΚΠ society > authority > punishment > fine > [verb (transitive)] > assess or fix amount of affeera1250 assess1581 a1250 in C. Brown Eng. Lyrics 13th Cent. (1932) 7 (MED) Þu schalt me a-ueir dol of heoueriche blisse. c1425 in Norfolk Archaeol. (1864) 6 229 Syrs, ȝe shal duweli leie þis lete..and truli upon ȝoure discreciouns affeeren it aftir her presentment. 1433 in M. Sellers York Mercers & Merchant Adventurers (1918) 37 Diverse persones, that were afferyd in the time of Robert of Yarom..and hafe noght payde thaire afferaunce. 1467 in J. T. Smith & L. T. Smith Eng. Gilds (1870) 395 Affurers of good name and fame..to assesse and affure alle such amerciaments. 1516 Modus tenendi Cur. Baronum (Pynson) C i Chose ii. iii. or iiii. afferers to affer the court. 1523 J. Fitzherbert Bk. Surueyeng xi. f. 21 The othe of afferoure. I shall truely affere this court, and highe no man for no hate, ne lowe no man for no loue. 1588 W. Lambarde Eirenarcha (rev. ed.) iv. xvi. 578 That Amercement and summe of mony, which he is to pay..ought to be asseassed and affeered by the good and lawfull men of the neighbourhood. 1641 Rastell's Termes de la Ley (new ed.) f. 13 The amerciament of every Juror shall be affeered according to his offence. 1738 Hist. View Court of Exchequer iii. 41 They used likewise to affere, or bring in their own Assessments, just as the Freemen in a Court-Baron do affere the assessments of those who are absent. 1768 W. Blackstone Comm. Laws Eng. IV. iv. xxix. 379 Amercements imposed by the superior courts on their own officers and ministers were affeered by the judges themselves. 1799 J. Wentworth Compl. Syst. Pleading IX. p. lxxiv A fine amerced and afeered upon defendant for not appearing after being duly summoned. 1826 Law Rep.: King's Bench Div. 3 373 The sessions should have entered into a previous inquiry upon the subject, and should have affeered (assessed) the defendant. 1935 Eng. Hist. Rev. 50 710 The amount of the amercements is taxed or affeered at the end of the judicial proceedings. 1987 Past & Present Aug. 43 The jury of the manorial court was entitled to affeer the fine agreed between the lord and his incoming tenant. †2. transitive. To make definite; to confirm, ratify. Obsolete. rare. ΘΚΠ the mind > language > statement > ratification or confirmation > confirm or ratify [verb (transitive)] confirm1297 ratify1357 endoss1381 approve1413 roborate?a1475 establish1533 justify1596 firm1599 rate?1611 affeera1616 tie1623 convalidate1656 sanction1778 accredit1826 countersign1840 endorse1847 a1616 W. Shakespeare Macbeth (1623) iv. iii. 35 Great Tyrrany, lay thou thy basis sure, For goodnesse dare not check thee: wear y^u thy wrongs, The Title, is affear'd . View more context for this quotation This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, September 2012; most recently modified version published online December 2021). < v.a1250
随便看	sesquidecuman sesquidecury sesquideist sesquiduple sesquiduplicate sesquiferrocyanide sesquiheretic sesquihoral sesquihydrated sesquijesuit sesquimagnesia sesquinitrate sesquinona sesquinonal sesquiocellus sesquioctava sesquioctaval sesquioctave sesquioxidation sesquioxide sesquioxidic sesquioxidized sesquipedal sesquipedalian sesquipedalianism