† campanian.

Etymology: In form, < Latin campania ‘plain level country’, spec. as the name of the rich and level province of Italy, lying south-east of the Tiber (afterwards particularly distinguished as Campagna di Roma ); in later Latin applied to many similar tracts, and as a common noun; < campus field. Hence (through French), champaign n. and adj., campaign n. But perhaps, in English use, really the Italian word (also adopted as campagna n., campagnia), spelt as Latin, or phonetically.

Obsolete.

1. ‘A large open level tract of ground without hills’ (Johnson); plain; = champaign n. and adj.

ΘΚΠ

the world > the earth > land > landscape > level land > [noun] > level place or plain

fieldeOE

wong971

field landOE

woldc1220

flat1296

plainc1325

field placec1384

champaign?a1400

floor?a1400

smeethc1440

plain-land1487

weald1544

champian1589

camp1605

level1623

campaign1628

planure1632

campania1663

esplanade1681

flatland1735

vlakte1785

steppe1837

1663 W. Charleton Chorea Gigantum 42 In fields and spacious campanias.

1680 W. Temple Ess. Orig. & Nature of Govt. in Miscellanea 52 In vast Campania's, such as are extended through Asia, and Africk,..there are few Cities.

1702 Clarendon's Hist. Rebellion I. v. 556 A clear view, upon an open Campania.

2. in campania: in the flat open country where the operations of regular warfare are conducted; in open battle, ‘in the field’, ‘in campaign’ (in its original sense). Cf. campaign n. and champaign n. and adj.

ΘΚΠ

society > armed hostility > armed encounter > battlefield > [adverb] > in level country

in campania1601

1601 R. Johnson tr. G. Botero Trauellers Breuiat 116 As they [sc. cavalry] are of great consequence in Campania, so amongst hils and rocks they are of no seruice.

1603 R. Johnson tr. G. Botero Hist. Descr. Worlde 93 The Hungarians presuming..vpon their valour in campania, haue euer neglected to fortifie their frontiers.

3. Operations of an army in the field during a season; = campaign n. 3.

ΘΚΠ

society > armed hostility > military operations > [noun] > campaign

campagna1652

campaign1656

campania1679

champaign1684

1679 E. Everard Disc. Protestant Princes 8 Since the last Campania, the three..have entred into the entanglement of a War.

1680 W. Temple Ess. Cure of Gout in Miscellanea 196 I have observed the fate of a Campania determine contrary to all appearances, by the caution and conduct of a General.

This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1888; most recently modified version published online March 2021).

单词	campania
释义	† campanian. Etymology: In form, < Latin campania ‘plain level country’, spec. as the name of the rich and level province of Italy, lying south-east of the Tiber (afterwards particularly distinguished as Campagna di Roma ); in later Latin applied to many similar tracts, and as a common noun; < campus field. Hence (through French), champaign n. and adj., campaign n. But perhaps, in English use, really the Italian word (also adopted as campagna n., campagnia), spelt as Latin, or phonetically. Obsolete. 1. ‘A large open level tract of ground without hills’ (Johnson); plain; = champaign n. and adj. ΘΚΠ the world > the earth > land > landscape > level land > [noun] > level place or plain fieldeOE wong971 field landOE woldc1220 flat1296 plainc1325 field placec1384 champaign?a1400 floor?a1400 smeethc1440 plain-land1487 weald1544 champian1589 camp1605 level1623 campaign1628 planure1632 campania1663 esplanade1681 flatland1735 vlakte1785 steppe1837 1663 W. Charleton Chorea Gigantum 42 In fields and spacious campanias. 1680 W. Temple Ess. Orig. & Nature of Govt. in Miscellanea 52 In vast Campania's, such as are extended through Asia, and Africk,..there are few Cities. 1702 Clarendon's Hist. Rebellion I. v. 556 A clear view, upon an open Campania. 2. in campania: in the flat open country where the operations of regular warfare are conducted; in open battle, ‘in the field’, ‘in campaign’ (in its original sense). Cf. campaign n. and champaign n. and adj. ΘΚΠ society > armed hostility > armed encounter > battlefield > [adverb] > in level country in campania1601 1601 R. Johnson tr. G. Botero Trauellers Breuiat 116 As they [sc. cavalry] are of great consequence in Campania, so amongst hils and rocks they are of no seruice. 1603 R. Johnson tr. G. Botero Hist. Descr. Worlde 93 The Hungarians presuming..vpon their valour in campania, haue euer neglected to fortifie their frontiers. 3. Operations of an army in the field during a season; = campaign n. 3. ΘΚΠ society > armed hostility > military operations > [noun] > campaign campagna1652 campaign1656 campania1679 champaign1684 1679 E. Everard Disc. Protestant Princes 8 Since the last Campania, the three..have entred into the entanglement of a War. 1680 W. Temple Ess. Cure of Gout in Miscellanea 196 I have observed the fate of a Campania determine contrary to all appearances, by the caution and conduct of a General. This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1888; most recently modified version published online March 2021). < n.1601
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