Canadiann.adj.
/kəˈneɪdɪən/, U.S. /kəˈneɪdiən/ A. n.
1. A native or inhabitant of Canada. Cf. French Canadian n.Originally referring to the indigenous population of Canada; subsequently (and now usually) denoting settlers of European origin and their descendants.
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the world > people > nations > native or inhabitant of America > native or inhabitant of North America > native or inhabitant of Canada > [noun]
Canadian1568
Canada Indian1688
Canadian Indian1760
Johnny Canuck1862
Native Canadian1953
First People1973
1568 T. Hacket tr. A. Thevet New Found Worlde lxxvi. f. 123v (margin) The amiable maners of these Canadiens [Fr. Canadiens].
1568 T. Hacket tr. A. Thevet New Found Worlde lxxvi. f. 124 (margin) How these Canadians [Fr. Canadiens] doe chase the dere & other wilde beastes.
1580 J. Florio tr. J. Cartier Shorte Narr. Two Nauigations Newe Fraunce 73 The Canadians [It. Canadiani] seeing their Lord taken, beganne to runne away.
1698 tr. L. Hennepin New Discov. in Amer. i. lxix. 263 We had an opportunity to celebrate, having..met with a little Wine, which a Canadian [Fr. Canadien] had brought with him.
1746 W. Shirley Let. 21 Nov. in E. Richard Acadia (1895) I. xii. 221 Some allowance may likewise be made for their bad situation between Canadians, Indians and English.
1763 Brit. Mag. 4 5/2 The commodities required by the Canadians from Europe are, wine, or rather rum;..linen; and wrought iron.
1836 Penny Cycl. VI. 215/1 The Canadians further urge that the province contains no aristocracy.
1887 Trans. Hist. & Sci. Soc. Manitoba 28 14/2 Thirty years ago, we, who speak French, were called by every one purely and simply ‘Canadians’; others were known as English, Scotch or Irish. Lately the fashion has grown up of calling others Canadians and distinguishing us as French.
1900 Daily News 1 Jan. 3/2 The Canadians; the wearers of the maple leaf.
1970 L. B. Pearson Words & Occasions 229 I am a Canadian who speaks English. There are millions [of others] who speak French... Others..have an ancestral language which they use. But we are all..Canadians.
2015 Aberdeen Evening Express (Nexis) 20 Oct. 8 Canadians have voted for a sea change in their government, returning a legendary name for liberals—Trudeau—to the prime minister's office.
2. More fully Canadian horse. A breed of horse, typically dark brown or black in colour, developed in Canada for use in driving and riding, having a stocky, well-muscled body and a finely boned head; a horse of this breed.
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1799 I. Weld Trav. N. Amer. xxxviii. 227 It is surprising to see how well the Canadian horses support the cold.
1828 New Eng. Farmer 11 Jan. 193/1 The first [model of horseflesh] is indigenous in the North of Europe... He is seen in Massachusetts perfectly pure in the Canadian: who has his fringe of hair starting directly from the knee.
1876 3rd Rep. Vermont State Board Agric. 1875–6 132 The result of the cross of the Morgan upon this Canadian has been a great improvement to the Canadian.
1903 Ann. Rep. Live Stock Assoc. Ont. 83 in Ann. Rep. Dept. Agric. Ont. II Our contractors say this about Canadian horses, that they are the best broken horses they get to handle.
1997 Beaver Feb. 5/2 Canadians like Blackie were exported to Britain as carriage horses, cab horses and hunters.
2002 Lethbridge (Alberta) Herald 25 Apr. 1 (headline) Canadian horse is now official national symbol.
3. Short for Canadian canoe n. at Compounds 3.
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society > travel > travel by water > vessel, ship, or boat > vessel of specific construction or shape > vessels of primitive construction > [noun] > canoe of indigenous peoples > canoe in modern use
canoe1799
Canadian1899
1899 Westm. Gaz. 17 July 6/3 Dr. Henry Wells.., who was boating at the time, promptly left his Canadian to take care of itself.
1948 Winnipeg Free Press 12 Aug. 19/1 Bill Stevenson and Bert Oldershaw of Toronto finished fifth in the 10,000-metre Canadian pairs.
1971 Sunday Mail Mag. (Brisbane) 14 Mar. 8/2 The Canadian is the real live rootin' tootin' Dan'l Boone product with enough room for all the furs you can carry.
2014 Gold Coast Bull. (Austral.) (Nexis) 15 Nov. (Lifestyle section) 15 With its open hull and squared sides, a Canadian is much easier to physically grab hold of [than a kayak] when you have to pick it up.
4. The English language as spoken in Canada; Canadian English. Also occasionally: a First Nations language, or the French language as spoken in Canada.
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the mind > language > languages of the world > Indo-Hittite > [noun] > Indo-European > Germanic > English > other varieties of English
French English1553
Black English1734
Rock English1843
South African English1855
Canadian English1857
Canadian1910
Bermudian English1933
Ozarkian1949
World English1957
Japlish1960
White English1969
Konglish1970
Singlish1984
World English-
1910 Standard (London) 15 Sept. 8/6 ‘Why,’ exclaimed the Canadians, ‘he speaks Canadian!’
1976 Globe & Mail 29 Apr. 47/8 Most of us will continue to speak our ordinary Canadian, with our regional distinctions.
2003 L. J. Goodman & H. Swan Singing Songs My Ancestors viii. 170 I'd never heard him talk Canadian [sc. Nootka] before.
2011 P. J. Peck Coming of Age in Anthropol. 116 [In Saskatchewan] they speak ‘Canadian, eh’ with great economy... They use only one word to describe..[their winter]: cold!
B. adj.
1. Of, belonging, or relating to Canada or its people, culture, etc. Also: that is a Canadian.
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the world > the earth > named regions of earth > America > North America > [adjective] > Canada
Canadian1577
Canuck1862
pan-Canadian1929
the world > people > nations > native or inhabitant of America > native or inhabitant of North America > native or inhabitant of Canada > [adjective]
Canadian1577
Canadian Indian1760
Canuck1862
1577 J. Dee Gen. Mem. Arte Nauig. 62 Honest Men, who should be Skilfull in Far-Forreyn-Languages: As..the Arabik Vulgar, the Turkish,..the Chiny Language, the Canadien, and the Islandish, &c.
1697 C. Mather Pietas in Patriam 103 How beneficial an Undertaking it would have been for them to have pursued the Canadien Business, for which the New-Englanders were now grown too Feeble.
1757 in General Orders issued by Earl of Loudoun & P. Lyman (1899) 121 Two Canadian Prisoners..confined in ye Fort at Albany.
1763 Brit. Mag. 4 3/2 The many specimens of profit to be made by the Canadian trade, at last induced the public to think favourably of it.
1805 L. in Naval Chron. 14 30 Canadian balsam..had been shipped.
1862 Brit. Canad. Rev. Dec. 3 Shall we become a united people, truly Canadian in principle?
1887 Cornhill Mag. Mar. 275 Ice-boating as a Canadian sport is most extensively practised..upon the great lakes of Erie, Huron, and Ontario.
1907 Yesterday's Shopping (1969) 15/1 Canadian Cheddar, first quality, white or coloured.
1925 J. Joly Surface-hist. Earth viii. 131 The mountains themselves have long ago been base-levelled by denudation to the existing peneplanes of the Canadian Shield.
1975 Globe & Mail (Toronto) 23 Sept. 7/6 I suspect a large number of Canadian women of Pierre Trudeau's age are amused by his remark, ‘How would you feel if your grandmother voted NDP’.
2012 Observer 16 Sept. 20/3 He spoke Joual, a Canadian dialect of French.
2. Designating animals and plants native to or originating in Canada, as Canadian cherry, Canadian snakeroot, Canadian spruce, Canadian sumac, etc. Canadian yellowroot: see the second element.
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1759 J. Justice Brit. Gardener's Cal. 247 You may now propagate, in the manner directed the preceeding month, the double Scarlet Lychnis,..double Mountain Ranunculus's, and Canadian Leonurus.
1799 Naturalist's Pocket Mag. 6 at Porcupine The Hystrix Dorsata, or Canadian porcupine.
1855 C. Kingsley Glaucus 14 The Canadian Ledum.
1878 C. Baltet Art of Grafting & Budding 4 The corymbs of the Canadian cherry.
1887 Murray's Mag. Mar. 402 These tall Canadian lilies spring from bulbs that Montmorenci moistened with its milk-white spray.
1887 Encycl. Brit. XXII. 189 The rhizome of Asarum canadense, L., passes under the name of Canadian Snake-root.
1903 W. R. Dunstan Techn. Rep. & Sci. Papers (Imperial Inst. United Kingdom, Colonies, & India) i. 198 The leaves of the Canadian Sumach are evidently the only part of the plant which contains sufficient tannin to be important, from a commercial point of view.
1969 Nature 6 Sept. 994/2 The Canadian mayflower (Maianthemum canadense)..is usually only found in cold, high altitudes.
2014 Gloucester (Mass.) Daily Times (Nexis) 1 Dec. The tree, a Canadian spruce, is once again a gift of the people in Gloucester's Canadian sister city of Shelbourne, Nova Scotia.
Compounds
C1. With nouns and adjectives designating a person or people of a specified origin or descent residing in Canada.See also earlier Canadian-American n. and adj., Canadian English n., Canadian French n. and adj.
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1813 Amer. Reg. 18 Sept. 30/2 Who followed the advice of Lord Suffolk in its use? Burgoyne, and at this day the in offensive Canadian British.
1898 Globe (Toronto) 1 Aug. 2/4 Bismarck had a great many admirers among Canadian Germans.
1903 M.A.P. 11 Apr. 436/1 To shake hands with one of these men is..an operation to be avoided, for these brawny Canadian Scots are apt to forget their strength.
1956 Lethbridge (Alberta) Herald 1 Sept. 1/1 There are six Canadian-Chinese bachelors for every unmarried Canadian-Chinese girl here.
1991 Toronto Star 20 Apr. d9/1 (advt.) Canadian Italian male..would like to hear from a female that is new to Canada.
2007 M. di Cintio Poets & Pahlevans 161 I was surprised to find that even some of the Canadian Iranians I met were reluctant to travel to Iran.
C2. With participles.
Canadian-born adj.
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1762 J. Ogden Brit. Lion Rous'd vii. 162 Canadian born, a Frenchman was his sire, Grown rich, with farming provinces entire.
1876 Daily Free Press (Winnipeg) 19 Jan. The Old Country and Canadian born members of the Mounted Police..had a rifle match.
1960 Jrnl. Internat. Folk Music Council 12 76 To-day, some 241,000 Jews..live in..Canada... In 1955, about 60 per cent were Canadian-born.
2015 R. Greenberger Star Trek ii. 23/2 Canadian-born William Shatner had been around Hollywood for a while.
Canadian-built adj.
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1842 Liverpool Mercury 4 Feb. 40/1 Many of them [sc. shipwrights] are already thoroughly convinced that they derive no particular benefit from Canadian built ships or Canadian timber.
1927 Dauphin (Manitoba) Herald & Press 30 June (advt.) The New Star Car is Canadian built and conforms to a standard of quality..essential for Canadian weather and road conditions.
2011 P. Bizony Space Shuttle iii. 70/3 In December 1993, the Hubble Space Telescope was pulled into Endeavour's cargo bay using the Canadian-built remote manipulator robot arm.
Canadian-made adj.
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1856 Albion 27 Sept. 464/1 The Montreal Herald flourishes. It comes to us in an entirely new and brilliant suit of Canadian made type.
1955 Globe & Mail 2 Feb. 8/3 He had bought the socks under the impression they were Canadian-made. But actually they were manufactured in the U.S.
2009 S. J. Evenett et al. Effective Crisis Response & Managem. ii. ix. 152 The President of this company claims he has been told by several towns..that they can no longer buy Canadian-made products.
Canadian-owned adj.
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1856 Daily Globe (Toronto) 12 Aug. 2/5 We published recently a statement of the Canadian owned shipping on the Lakes.
1975 Whig-Standard (Kingston, Ont.) 4 Dec. 20/1 The magazine policy will also require the publications to be 75 per cent Canadian-owned to qualify for domestic tax status.
2008 Canad. Jrnl. Econ. 41 471 The data record the transactions involving U.S.-owned businesses merging or acquiring Canadian-owned business in Canada.
C3.
Canadian bacon n. (a) bacon made in Canada (now rare); (b) U.S. lean cured meat from the back of a pig, typically served in thick, round slices (now the usual sense).
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1842 Morning Post 26 May 3/5 [Her Majesty's Government] must introduce what was really United States bacon, under cover of being Canadian bacon, at a lower rate of duty.
1894 Chicago Tribune 10 Dec. 6/6 The English..pay more for Canadian bacon than for the American article.
1908 Breeder's Gaz. 26 Feb. 471/2 Canadian bacon has not yet reached England's highest market standard.
1930 N.Y. Herald Tribune 2 Feb. (Mag.) 28/1 Cover the onions liberally with slices of American cheese and place three quarter-inch-thick slices of Canadian bacon on top of the cheese.
1979 J. McPhee Giving Good Weight 199 He..turns pork loin into Canadian bacon.
2006 M. Simmons Good Egg 113 Eggs Benedict is a classic: half a toasted English muffin topped with a slice of warm Canadian bacon or ham and a poached egg and covered with hollandaise sauce.
Canadian beaver n. a type of beaver native to North America and introduced in some areas of South America and Europe, Castor canadensis (family Castoridae), frequently used as a national emblem or personification of Canada; (also) the typically dark brown pelt or fur of such an animal, esp. as used to make coats, hats, etc.
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1783 Caledonian Mercury 27 Aug. A proposal prepared..for transporting a number of Canadian beavers to the borders of the lakes in this kingdom [sc. Ireland].
1875 Guide to Gardens Zool. Soc. London (ed. 29) lviii. 52 This pond and the surrounding inclosure have been lately reconstructed for the benefit of a pair of Canadian Beavers (Castor canadensis).
1963 Winnipeg Free Press 27 Dec. (advt.) You can own one of these superbly warm, beautifully styled fur coats... Natural Grey Persian Lamb, dyed Black Persian Lamb, natural sheared Canadian Beaver.
2007 A. Aldridge Relig. in Contemp. World (ed. 2) 149 The Canadian beaver is not invested with the deep symbolic meaning of the American bald eagle, the Russian bear, or the British bulldog.
Canadian canoe n. an open-top canoe, typically propelled by a single-bladed paddle and used for recreation or sport; cf. canoe n. 2.In quot. 1834: a canoe made by indigenous Canadians.
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1834 Old Eng. 27 Dec. 5/4 Canadian Canoes. The canoes which navigate the Canadian lakes are among the most ingenious and most useful of the Indian manufactures.
1890 G. M. Humphry Guide Cambr. (ed. 5) 245 Boats and Canadian Canoes may be had on hire, at the Boat House.
1962 P. W. Blandford Canoes & Canoeing i. 15 What the American calls a canoe the European usually qualifies as a Canadian canoe.
2009 C. Angus & J. Angus Rowed Trip 154 We had this Canadian canoe left over from a previous expedition.
Canadian dollar n. the principal Canadian monetary unit, equal to 100 cents; (also) a coin or note of this value.
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society > trade and finance > money > standards and values of currencies > [noun] > specific monetary units or units of account > other spec.
markc1475
bar1732
rix-dollar1803
Canadian dollar1841
centime1842
pound1857
cent1871
commodity dollar1891
credit1893
shilling1921
centime1942
larin1978
1841 Monthly Rev. (Canada) Jan. 67/2 Though we call our bills dollars, they are in fact only Canadian dollars.
1921 Economist 5 Mar. 516/2 There has been a decided improvement in the position of the Canadian dollar in New York, and it is generally attributed..to the rise in the pound sterling.
1987 Toronto Star (Nexis) 28 Jan. e1 As the U.S. dollar lost ground against Japanese and European funds, the Canadian dollar followed.
2006 R. T. Coleman Superior Passage 169 I only have..a few Canadian dollars in my pocket.
Canadian football n. a sport originating in Canada, based on rugby and resembling American football, played by two teams of twelve players.In Canada usually known simply as football (cf. football n. 2d).
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1894 Hist. Year 1893 77/2 Canadian football has all the merits, and few of the demerits, of the American game.
1952 Times 8 Feb. 7/7 Lord Alexander..has been interested in Canadian sports: skating, snowshoeing, ice-hockey, and, in the brief autumn season, in Canadian football.
2012 M. Anderson Football & Its Greatest Players ii. 32 Although Canadian football has become less like rugby and more like football played in the United States, there are some basic differences.
Canadian goldenrod n. [after scientific Latin Solidago canadensis (1753); compare earlier Canada goldenrod n. at Canada n.1 5] the Canada goldenrod, Solidago canadensis.
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1772 R. Weston Universal Botanist III. 671 Canadian Golden-rod.
1896 Ann. Rep. Maine State Coll. 1895 ii. 91 The Canadian Golden-rod is a common coarse species very abundant in fence corners and about pastures and thickets.
1962 Winnipeg Free Press 15 Sept. 12 You find our beautiful Canadian goldenrod in Europe now, especially in England.
2014 J. Eastman Wildflowers E. U.S. 96/1 Goldenrods (Solidago species)... Among the most commonly seen species are early goldenrod (S. juncea), late goldenrod (S. gigantea), and Canadian goldenrod (S. canadensis).
Canadian goose n. [compare post-classical Latin anser canadensis (1676 or earlier), scientific Latin Branta canadensis (1758)] the Canada goose, Branta canadensis.
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1792 New Syst. Nat. Hist. II. i. 64 The domestication of the Canadian goose has also been attempted with success.
1825 W. Scott Let. 23 Mar. (1935) IX. 43 I can get the canadian geeze..from Mr. Murrays.
1844 Leicester Chron. 30 Mar. On Friday last the 23rd, Mr. Chaplin shot two Canadian geese, on Grooby-pool.
1941 Wyoming: Guide to Hist. & People (Federal Writers' Project) iii. 265 Flocks of migrant Canadian geese and ducks float on valley ponds and streams in spring and autumn.
2012 National Trust Mag. Autumn 23/1 Sometimes I am alarmed by the basilisk hiss of a Canadian goose warning me off its brood.
Canadian Indian n. and adj. (a) n. a member of one of the indigenous peoples of Canada (cf. First Nation n.); (b) adj. of or relating to the Canadian Indians.
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the world > people > nations > native or inhabitant of America > native or inhabitant of North America > native or inhabitant of Canada > [noun]
Canadian1568
Canada Indian1688
Canadian Indian1760
Johnny Canuck1862
Native Canadian1953
First People1973
the world > people > nations > native or inhabitant of America > native or inhabitant of North America > native or inhabitant of Canada > [adjective]
Canadian1577
Canadian Indian1760
Canuck1862
1760 J. Grove Second Let. to Patriot 24 They [sc. the French] were continually, either themselves or their confederates, the Canadian Indians, annoying our frontiers.
1790 Universal Mag. 87 Suppl. 332/1 They told him in French (of which the Canadian Indian tribes, who have missionaries settled amongst them, all understand a little) that..they were carrying him to the mother of the deceased.
1829 Morning Jrnl. 10 Jan. 2/5 The Canadian Indian females are described as passionately fond of their children.
1893 G. Mallery Picture-writing Amer. Indians I. vii. 207 Among the lost or almost lost arts of the Canadian Indians is that of employing porcupine quills.
1930 Globe (Toronto) 25 June 4/2 Members of the British House of Commons were thrilled this week by the presence in the special gallery of a group of Canadian Indians.
1995 A. Armitage Comparing Policy Aboriginal Assimilation iv. 82 The objective of assimilation remains deeply rooted in Canadian Indian policy.
2013 Ottawa Citizen (Nexis) 16 Nov. (Early ed.) b7 Asked to describe a Canadian Indian, one might choose between a medical graduate of McGill University..or a solitary hunter.
Canadian lynx n. [after French lynx de Canada (1776 in the work translated in quot. 1780)] the Canada lynx, Lynx canadensis.
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1780 W. Smellie tr. Comte de Buffon Nat. Hist. Gen. & Particular V. 218 The Canadian lynx [Fr. cet animal du Canada], therefore, may be regarded as a variety very different from the lynx of the Old Continent.
1881 Pract. Teacher Sept. 324/2 The Canadian Lynx, or Peeshoo (Lyncus Canadensis) is chiefly noticeable for its mode of running, which operation consists of a series of bounds.
1984 F. Mowat Sea Slaughter x. 148 Although the 1983 catch of Canadian lynx was just half of what it had been in 1982, the price per skin had soared to an average of $400-$500.
2013 Daily Tel. 25 Apr. 11/1 Scientists identified the creature as a Canadian lynx, a predator more than twice the size of a domestic cat.
Canadian marmot n. [after French marmotte de Canada (1787 in the passage translated in quot. 1775, or earlier)] now rare the woodchuck, Marmota monax.
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the world > animals > mammals > group Unguiculata or clawed mammal > order Rodentia or rodent > [noun] > family Sciuridae (squirrel) > genus Spermophilus (spermophile) > spermophilus empetra
Quebec marmot1771
Canadian marmot1775
1775 W. Kenrick et al. tr. Comte de Buffon Nat. Hist. Animals, Veg., & Minerals III. 318 It is the same with respect to the Canadian marmout or monax [Fr. Monax ou Marmotte de Canada], which some travellers have termed the whistler.
1892 Godey's Lady's Bk. Feb. 184/1 They [sc. woolen dresses] are made with narrow skirts, bordered with the fur of the Canadian marmot.
1904 Jrnl. Physiol. 31 321 These results were obtained with a Canadian marmot when it was rapidly depositing fat during the autumn.
2011 Sherbrooke (Quebec) Record (Nexis) 3 Feb. 4 Arguably the most famous and controversial Canadian marmot to date is Wiarton Willie who has been closely watched for his forecasts since 1956.
Canadian mosaic n. Canadian society regarded as resembling a mosaic in its diversity, with each religious, cultural, and ethnic group retaining its distinctive features while forming an integrated whole; this as an ideal or policy.Sometimes contrasted with the idea of the blended ‘melting pot’ of the United States: see melting pot n. 3b.
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1922 V. Hayward Romantic Canada xxiv. 187 It [sc. Canada] is indeed a mosaic of vast dimensions and great breadth.]
1926 K. A. Foster (title) Our Canadian mosaic.
1938 J. M. Gibbon Canad. Mosaic 425 The finest and strongest cement of the Canadian Mosaic is the training provided in Canadian schools.
1965 Prelim. Rep. Royal Comm. Bilingualism & Biculturalism (Canada) iii. 46 The answer they often gave was ‘multiculturalism’, or more elaborately, ‘the Canadian mosaic’.
1984 J. C. Young in J. R. Mallea & J. C. Young Cultural Diversity & Canad. Educ. Issues vi. 417 The..English-Canadian nationalism which sought to distinguish Canada from the United States by asserting the existence of the Canadian ‘mosaic’ in contrast to the American ‘melting pot’.
2015 Gazette (Montreal) (Nexis) 6 Nov. a16 The ideal of the Canadian Mosaic is alive and well in Ottawa.
Canadian pondweed n. a perennial aquatic plant, Elodea canadensis (family Hydrocharitaceae), having whorls of small leaves and inconspicuous white or purple flowers that float on the surface of the water; = Canadian waterweed n.Canadian pondweed is native to North America and has become naturalized in Europe where it is considered an invasive species. It is also cultivated for use in aquaria and ponds.
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1882 Fortn. Rev. Nov. 634 The Canadian pondweed propagated itself twenty years ago through our rivers and canals, till half of them were choked up.
1966 Times 25 Jan. 8/7 Canadian pondweed..is supposed to have begun its disastrous career when a scrap went down the plug-hole of a laboratory worker's basin.
2001 Water Gardening Oct. 32/2 While it is one of the most efficient oxygenating plants, the Canadian pondweed (Elodea canadensis ) is vigorous, fast growing and can easily get out of control.
Canadian poplar n. [after scientific Latin Populus canadensis (1778)] (originally) a poplar tree native to North America, perhaps an eastern cottonwood ( Populus deltoides) or balsam poplar ( P. balsamifera); (in later use) a commonly cultivated hybrid poplar, P. x canadensis, derived from a cross between a black poplar ( P. nigra) and an eastern cottonwood ( P. deltoides).
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1778 J. Abercrombie Universal Gardener & Botanist Addenda Populus Canadensis..Canadian Poplar.
1832 D. J. Browne Sylva Americana 253 [Cotton wood] was probably introduced into France from Canada; such at least is its origin indicated by the name Canadian poplar.
1910 Bull. Montana Agric. College Exper. Station No. 80 27 Balsam or Canadian Poplar: (Populus balsamifera) This tree is very hardy at this station and promises to be desirable for street planting purposes.
1998 W. Bacher in N. El Bassam Energy Plant Species ii. 203 The hybrid Populus x canadensis (Canadian poplar) is cultivated in Europe.
2012 D. Searls tr. J. H. F. Gronloh Amsterdam Stories 147 A stately row of Canadian poplars, a copse here and there. A striking emptiness and silence.
Canadian raising n. Phonetics a sound change in some varieties of North American English in which the first element of certain closing diphthongs is raised before voiceless consonants, as in the words mouth and price. Compare
U.S. /aʊ/
, /aɪ/
with Canadian English /ʌu/
, /əi/
.The effects of Canadian raising are popularly and inaccurately represented in imitations and parodies of Canadian English in which a word such as about (which is affected by the raising) is pronounced as if spelt aboot.ΚΠ
1973 Canad. Jrnl. Linguistics 18 114 The effect of Canadian Raising is to heighten the onset of diphthongs relative to the low-central onset which is heard in neighbouring dialects.
1989 Amer. Speech 64 84 There is no English source for Canadian Raising, or, at least, none is recoverable from orthoepy, philology, or dialect surveys.
2008 Lang. in Society 37 460 Canadian Raising..is neither found consistently within nor excluded consistently outside Canada's borders.
Canadian Red Ensign n. a flag based on the Red Ensign (Red Ensign n.) with the Canadian coat of arms in the fly, used as the national flag of Canada until 1965 (when it was replaced by the flag with the maple leaf emblem).
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1904 St. James's Gaz. 18 Mar. 15/2 In the Dominion House of Commons yesterday Mr. Bourassn complained that the Union Jack was now flown from the tower of the Houses of Parliament instead of the Canadian red ensign.
1926 MotorBoating Mar. 144/2 Unregistered pleasure craft in Canadian waters..owned by citizens of foreign countries may fly the Canadian Red Ensign.
1998 C. Irr Suburb of Dissent 69 During the 1930s, Canada continued to recognize imperial ties by using the Union Jack as its flag. From 1945 to 1965, it flew the Canadian Red Ensign.
2015 Ottawa Citizen (Nexis) 10 Nov. a7 A fierce political battle with John Diefenbaker's Conservatives to replace the Canadian Red Ensign flag in 1965 with the Maple Leaf, the modern symbol of Canada's break from British colonial rule.
Canadian-style adj. of a style characteristic of or associated with Canada.
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1913 Christian Sci. Monitor 3 Mar. 18/4 (heading) Visiting seven will give spectators an exhibition of real Canadian style hockey.
1955 F. G. Ashbrook Butchering xii. 180 Loins can be boned, cut in half, and later cured as delicious Canadian-style bacon.
2015 Times & Transcript (New Brunswick) (Nexis) 3 June b6 The 73-year-old, self-described socialist supports Canadian-style health care.
Canadian thistle n. the Canada thistle, Cirsium arvense.
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1810 Balance & State Jrnl. 8 June A noxious weed, called the Canadian Thistle,..threatens to become a serious inconvenience to that part of the state.
1969 Delaware County (Pa.) Daily Times 22 July 1/6 Canadian thistle, or ‘cirsium arvense’, is a large, hardy weed with beautiful purple flowers.
2004 Southwest Rev. 89 132 He kicked at a thick, green Canadian thistle until the thistle broke loose with a pop and landed inside the wrought iron cemetery gate.
Canadian tuxedo n. North American (chiefly humorous) an outfit of a denim jacket or shirt worn with jeans.
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1998 ‘Broken Lizard’ Super Troopers (film script, Northwestern Univ., Illinois) 99 Come on, what's your secret, Denim Dan?! How do you get all the babes? Oh yeah, I almost forgot! It's the Canadian tuxedo!
2002 Edmonton (Alberta) Jrnl. 15 Feb. e3/3 Canadian nationalists will be abjectly grateful for references to ‘the Canadian tuxedo’ (an all-denim outfit).
2009 Orange County Reg. (Electronic ed.) 30 Mar. I heard it was a black-tie event, so I decided to wear my Canadian tuxedo.
2012 B. Getty Dads are Orig. Hipsters 34 Your dad wore jean jackets before you did and he's got the Canadian tuxedo to prove it.
Canadian violet n. [after scientific Latin Viola canadensis (see Canada violet at Canada n.1 9)] the Canada violet, Viola canadensis.
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1775 R. Weston Eng. Flora ii. 135 Viola..canadensis. Canadian Violet.
1849 Ladies' Cabinet Oct. 233 The Canadian violet with veined white flowers, the outside purple.
1928 Times 15 Nov. 1/4 (advt.) Canadian Violet, white, stands 40 degrees of frost, 18s.
2005 T. R. Crowe Zoro's Field 189 Scouting the area, I also find signs and evidence of dwarf crested iris, Canadian violet, purple mountain violet.., and dog violet.
Canadian waterweed n. Canadian pondweed, Elodea canadensis.
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1857 C. R. Weld Vacations in Ireland 368 In such streams you generally find more weeds than water, particularly since that terrible plant the anacharis alsinastrum, or Canadian waterweed, has invaded our English rivers.
1960 W. A. Vorderwinkler tr. G. Stehli Microscope & how to use It (1970) iii. 42 At an aquarium dealer's, or from a nearby pond, get a few strands of Canadian waterweed.
2014 Daily Sitka (Alaska) Sentinel 7 Mar. 3 Canadian waterweed and western nuttalli, are currently the focus of an aggressive containment effort.
Canadian whisky n. whisky distilled in Canada, largely from corn and flavoured with rye; a brand or drink of this.
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1823 Morning Post 21 Jan. A loss occasioned by the refusal of the Defendant to take a quantity of Canadian whiskey according to contract.
1879 Engineering 17 Oct. 298/1 The portion [of this spirit] intended to be manufactured into ‘old rye’ or Canadian whisky is pumped forward..to a second distillation.
1939 Life 13 Mar. 32/1 (advt.) Blending experience and..craftsmanship [are] necessary to make a Canadian Whisky as light, as low proof..and as delicate as Seagram's ‘V.O.’
2016 M. Dietsch Whiskey: Spirited Story ii. 69 Canadian whisky needs to be aged for at least three years.
This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, March 2017; most recently modified version published online June 2022).
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n.adj.1568