affixn.

Brit.

/ˈafɪks/, U.S.

/ˈæˌfɪks/

Forms: 1500s–1600s affixe, 1500s– affix.

Origin: Of multiple origins. Partly a borrowing from French. Partly a borrowing from Latin. Etymons: French affixe; Latin affīxus.

Etymology: < (i) Middle French, French affixe placard (1582; apparently obsolete after the Middle French period), (in Hebrew grammar) particle which is added to a radical (1584; 1838 with reference to non-Semitic languages); and its etymon (ii) classical Latin affīxus fastened to, attached to, use as adjective of past participle of affīgere affix v. Compare Middle French affix fixed (1497; earlier as affis (1357)), classical Latin affīxa (neuter plural noun) permanent fittings, fixtures. Compare earlier affixing n., affixion n.With sense 1 compare later affiche n. and its etymon Middle French, French affiche . In sense 2, which is not paralleled in French or Latin, originally after Italian affisso appendage (apparently only recorded in this sense in Florio; usually as a grammatical term (1551)), use as noun of affisso fastened, attached (13th cent. as †afixo).

†1. = affiche n. Obsolete.

ΘΚΠ

society > communication > information > publishing or spreading abroad > publishing or spreading by leaflets or notices > [noun] > placarding, postering, or billing > a placard, notice, or bill

bill1480

placard1560

ticket1567

pancart1577

affix1589

si quis1597

affiche1602

placketa1605

programme1633

programmaa1661

advertisement1692

clap-bill1699

handbill1718

daybill1731

show bill?a1750

notice1766

play-card1778

card1787

posting bill1788

poster1818

sticker1862

flyer1889

paper1896

1589 ‘M. Marprelate’ Protestatyon 13 There shall not be a post in any great streete or place of concourse, almost in the lande, but I will make an affixe, and set vp this my foresaide declaration.

1647 R. Stapleton tr. Juvenal Sixteen Satyrs 48 An affix or bill of the goods being posted for the buyers to read.

1660 R. Stapleton tr. Juvenal Mores Hominum iii. 95 There was upon the place an Affix posted up, which contained a Particular of the parcels to be sold, with their several prices.

1886 Temple Bar Mag. 78 513 An ‘affix’ was posted on ‘the screens’, to the effect that any undergraduate offending in this way would be..expelled.

2. That which is joined or appended; an appendage, an addition. Now rare.

ΚΠ

1598 in J. Florio Worlde of Wordes 9/2 Affisso,..an affixe, a thing fixt to another.

1642 Bp. J. Taylor Of Sacred Order Episcopacy (1647) 341 The ambitious seeking of a temporall principality as..an affixe of the Apostolate.

1686 J. Goad Astro-meteorologica i. ix. 27 Though there be two Contrarieties to be inquired into, first of Hot and Cold, then of Moist and Dry, Ours will be but only after the First Contrariety, in as much as the Second is an Affix, and an Appendage to the First.

1794 Freemasons' Mag. Mar. The puff on ‘Flowers from Sharon’ comes under that description. We recommend it as an affix to the next edition of those sublime poems.

1856 A. P. Stanley Sinai & Palestine ii. 128 Designated, like the various ranges of Maritime, Graian, Pennine, and Julian Alps, by some affix or epithet.

1864 Spectator No. 1875. 642 Mr. Gladstone's affix to his speech on the suffrage which he calls a preface.

1940 Mariner's Mirror 26 129 The thinned down terminal part of the mast affix is slotted to take the halyard.

1981 T. C. Boyle Water Music (1983) i. 15 The boots are affixes to the nimble feet of Danile Mendoza, the pugilist, the Jew, the ex-Champion Fisticuffer of London.

3. Grammar. An element (as a prefix, suffix, infix, etc.) added to the base form or stem of a word, in order to modify its meaning (in inflection) or create a new word (in derivation), or for reasons of euphony.In some technical contexts applied only to inseparable particles, but more loosely including combining forms and sometimes prepositions and adverbs as an element in compounds.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > language > linguistics > study of grammar > morphology > morpheme > [noun] > affix

adjectiona1325

affix1600

servile1668

afformative1795

formative1816

particle1868

formant1935

1600 Abp. G. Abbot Expos. Prophet Ionah xvii. 379 Iehouah Canani, which doth not come of Canan, nidificare, for then the former Nun, should haue Daghes in the middle; but of Canah, acquirere, possidere, with the Affixe in the end.

1666 J. Eliot Indian Gram. Begun 38 This Mode..doth cast off the Affix, or prefixed Pronoun.

1706 A. Bedford Temple Musick vii. 156 The Affix (ינו) is twice Rhythmically repeated.

1753 Chambers's Cycl. Suppl. (at cited word) The oriental languages..differ chiefly from each other as to affixes and suffixes.

1865 S. S. Haldeman Affixes §65 Several affixes occur in long words like in-com-pre-hen-s-ib-il-it-y which has three prefixes and five suffixes.

1881 Amer. Jrnl. Philol. 2 56 The n is either a phonetic affix to prevent hiatus or a relic of the old accusative ending m.

1949 ‘G. Orwell’ Nineteen Eighty-four 302 Any word could be negatived using the affix un-.

1978 Language 54 333 Similarly, in noun phrases, articles and affixes were inconsistently dropped.

2003 T. C. Sharma Mod. Methods Of Teaching iv. 34 The richness of Greek in all sorts of affixes gives a kind of algebraic value to the new vocabulary.

4. A general name (or number) which is combined with the individual name of a pure-bred animal to indicate the particular breeding or strain; spec. a word appended to the name of a dog in order to identify it with a particular breeder or kennel.Affixes are often regulated by and registered with a particular official body, such as the Kennel Club.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > language > naming > name or appellation > [noun] > addition to a dog's name

affix1891

prefix1893

1891 Fanciers' Jrnl. 8 Aug. 83/2 Rob appeared with the pretty affix ‘Rozelle’ the first time at Bath show, where he won another first for his new kennel.

1893 Kennel Club Rules 2 A name which has been duly registered..cannot be again accepted for registration of a dog of the same breed, without the addition of a distinguishing number, prefix or affix.

1907 R. C. Cane in R. Leighton New Bk. Dog xxvi. 279/2 The distinguishing affix or prefix of ‘Friar’, so well known in the late 'eighties and early 'nineties, belonged to Mr. Thorpe Hincks, a great devotee of the breed.

1922 Farm Jrnl. 46 125/1 The Holstein-Friesian Association permits the use of thirty letters in a cow's name, besides the numeral affix.

1952 Pastoral Rev. 62 915/1 The meeting decided to amend the rules of the association to provide for the registration of prefixes or affixes.

2010 AKC Gaz. Jan. 48/1 Breeders use kennel names or affixes to identify dogs that they have bred, thus protecting the integrity of their bloodlines.

5. In the writing system of the ancient Maya: a sign adjacent to, or placed within, the main sign in a glyph, typically representing a grammatical modification or phonetic complement to the main sign.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > language > linguistics > semantics > unit of meaning > [noun] > other types of

noemea1866

affix1895

glosseme1926

minimum free form1926

plereme1939

keneme1950

1895 D. G. Brinton Primer of Mayan Hieroglyphs 81 A number of others drawn in or around it, which are generally known as ‘affixes’.

1946 Amer. Antiq. 12 113/2 This sign..appears as an affix; the owl-plume seems really to be attached to the ben-ik rather than to the main sign.

1976 J. Marcus Emblem & State in Classic Maya Lowlands iv. 56 It appears possible that greater attention was devoted to the carving of affixes in order to achieve specificity, i.e. adjectives, adverbs, and qualifiers.

2012 W. R. T. Witschey & C. T. Brown Hist. Dict. Mesoamerica 132 A breakthrough in deciphering the Maya hieroglyphs occurred in 1958 when Heinrich Berlin noticed that particular glyphs varied from site to site, but had similar affixes regardless of where they were found in the Maya territory.

This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, September 2012; most recently modified version published online March 2022).

affixv.

Brit.

/əˈfɪks/, U.S.

/əˈfɪks/

Forms: late Middle English affex, late Middle English– affix, 1500s–1600s affixe; Scottish pre-1700 afex, pre-1700 affixt, pre-1700 afyx, pre-1700 effex, pre-1700 effix, pre-1700 effyx, pre-1700 1700s– affix.

Origin: Probably a borrowing from Latin. Etymons: Latin affīx-, affīgere.

Etymology: Probably < classical Latin affīx-, past participial stem of affīgere to fix by piercing, to fasten, nail, to transfix, pierce, to attach, to fix in position, to fix or impress (on the mind or memory of), (reflexive) to attach oneself, cling (to), in post-classical Latin also to propound (an opinion) (1515 in a British source) < af- , variant of ad- (see af- prefix) + fīgere fix v. Compare post-classical Latin affixare to fix (something) in place (12th cent. (perhaps earlier in undated glossaries); also affixere (14th cent. in a British source)), a frequentative formation < classical Latin affīx- , past participial stem of classical Latin affīgere . Compare Middle French (rare) affixer to attach (something) (c1513). Compare also earlier affiche v. and the Romance verbs cited at that entry, and also fix v.Classical Latin affīgere was also borrowed into other Romance languages; compare Middle French affiger (beginning of the 16th cent.), Old Occitan afigir (c1350), Catalan afegir (14th cent.), Italian affiggere (a1321). In the Older Scots form affixt apparently after affixt, variant form of the past participle.

a. transitive. To attach or assign to an action, person, place, etc., as a consequence, duty, or concomitant; to fix or set (a penalty, condition, etc.). Usually with to, upon.

ΘΚΠ

the world > space > place > placing or fact of being placed in (a) position > place or put in a position [verb (transitive)] > place and make fast

plant1381

tight1382

affixc1448

pitch1533

pight1586

the world > relative properties > wholeness > mutual relation of parts to whole > fact or action of being joined or joining > attachment > attach or affix [verb (transitive)]

fastenOE

fasta1225

tachec1315

to-seta1340

catcha1350

affichea1382

to put ona1382

tacka1387

to put to1396

adjoina1400

attach?a1400

bend1399

spyndec1400

to-tachc1400

affixc1448

complexc1470

setc1480

attouch1483

found?1541

obligate1547

patch1549

alligate1563

dight1572

inyoke1595

infixa1616

wreathe1643

adlige1650

adhibit1651

oblige1656

adent1658

to bring to1681

engage1766

superfix1766

to lap on1867

accrete1870

c1448 in W. Hudson Rec. City of Norwich (1906) I. 344 (MED) The said fynes of xxviii li affexed upon the said meir and comonalte and upon other persones for the said acrochment.

c1500 in J. Cooper Cartularium Eccl. St. Nicholai Aberdonensis (1888) I. 259 That nain commondis be..gevin bot allanarlie to thame that..kepis thar seruice affixt to thame.

1574 J. Whitgift Def. Aunswere to Admon. viii. iii. 392 The office of an Archbyshop, and iurisdiction of a Byshop is permanent, and affixed to certayne places, not moueable, nor during one action only.

1647 N. Bacon Hist. Disc. Govt. lxviii. 285 Other Courts were rurall, and affixed also to some certaine place.

1658 F. Osborne Advice to Son (1673) 221 A dread they have to affix the Miter in a particular Family.

1744 C. Viner Gen. Abridgm. Law & Equity XIX. 264 A Justice of Peace is not an Officer affixed to a place.

1754 D. Hume Hist. Great Brit. I. 117 To bribe their indolence, by affixing stated salaries to their profession.

1844 C. Dickens Martin Chuzzlewit x. 122 Could it be that the statutes of the land were so remiss as to have affixed no punishment to such delinquency?

1850 F. W. Robertson Serm. (1857) 3rd Ser. 7 Persecution is that which affixes penalties upon views held, instead of upon life led.

1909 Cases Courts of Appeals Missouri 136 161 The point at which the animal was killed was one where the law affixed the duty upon the railroad company to erect and maintain a fence.

1919 Northeastern Reporter 121 478/1 A crime to which there is affixed a penalty of imprisonment.

1935 F. Wanenmacher Canonical Evid. in Marriage Cases ii. xii. 280 Stipulations affixed to the marriage contract have respect either to a past or present fact, or to a future event.

2001 P. Fitzpatrick Modernism & Grounds of Law vi. 213 Particular nations, most conspicuously the United States, affix conditions to trade agreements.

b. transitive. To fix, fasten, or attach (a thing) physically to something, as with a nail, string, glue, etc.; to stick or fix in place. Usually with to (also on, upon).In quot. 1533: to fix and erect (a tent).

ΘΚΠ

the world > movement > absence of movement > render immobile [verb (transitive)] > remain in (a place) > cause to remain in one place

staya1586

affix1654

1483 tr. Adam of Eynsham Reuelation x Yowe shalte fynde a crosse and an ymage of thy redemer affixed to the same crosse.

1533 J. Bellenden tr. Livy Hist. Rome (1822) iv. 347 The dictator affixt his tentis at Tusculum.

1535 W. Stewart tr. H. Boethius Bk. Cron. Scotl. (1858) II. 482 Ane crucifix..In quhome the image of ouir Saluiour Affixt wes.

1647 in J. Stuart Extracts Council Reg. Aberdeen (1848) II. 77 Affixting of honers and armes in the kirk.

1654 T. Gataker Disc. Apol. 57 This affixed me for a longer space of time, then before, to my Bed.

1695 J. Woodward Ess. Nat. Hist. Earth 198 The Water of Rivers..lets them [sc. particles] fall, deposing and affixing them upon any thing which occurrs in the way.

1735 tr. C. Rollin Anc. Hist. V. 6 That sail was affixed to a vessel.

1778 W. Thom Revolt 10 Tribes 22 He was to chastise them with..whips or scourges that had iron rowels affixed to them.

1827 H. Hallam Constit. Hist. Eng. I. iii. 147 Felton affixed this bull to the gates of the bishop of London's palace.

1849 T. B. Macaulay Hist. Eng. I. 378 The Vice-chancellor, by a notice affixed in all public places, prescribed the hour and place of departure.

1880 P.O. Guide 14 Obtain postage stamps, and affix them carefully to the letters.

1917 Commerce Rep. (U.S. Bureau Foreign & Domest. Commerce) 8 June 922 A frame drum revolving at high speed on which wooden or round iron crosspieces are affixed at intervals.

1970 Railway World Apr. 166 A tatty sign affixed to the inside of the station windows.

2010 N.Y. Times Mag. 7 Nov. 57/2 She and her top two lieutenants affixed small golden crowns to their topknots.

c. transitive. To attach or annex (furniture, buildings, a tax, a duty, etc.) to a piece of land, freehold, or property; to include in possession. Usually with to.

ΚΠ

c1503 R. Arnold Chron. f. li^v/2 Suche thingis which by tenantis terme of lyf or yeris ben affixed vnto houses wythout speciall licence of the ownar of the soyle.

1725 London Gaz. No. 6398/1 Consisting of two messuages and Brewhouse..with the several Utensils of Brewing affixed.

1792 T. Leach Cases Crown Law (ed. 2) 263 Property affixed to the freehold..was not, at common law, the subject of larceny, provided it was severed and carried away at the same time.

1827 J. Kent Comm. Amer. Law II. xxxv. 280 The rule obtains..against the right to consider as a personal chattel any thing which has been affixed to the freehold.

1884 Northwestern Reporter 20 42 To dismantle said mine, and deprive it of its proper equipment of machinery and buildings so permanently affixed to the property.

1940 Solicitor Mar. 60/1 The purchaser was informed that the electric lighting installation affixed to the property was the subject of a hire-purchase agreement.

1961 Chitty's Law Jrnl. 10 15/1 A chattel was affixed to the freehold in circumstances that left the affixer the right of removal.

2009 S. A. Christensen & W. D. Duncan Sale of Businesses in Austral. (ed. 2) 298 It is not intended that the legislation apply to..tangible property affixed to land.

d. transitive. To fix (the desires or mental faculties) on something; to concentrate or direct (one's mind, emotions, etc.). Usually with on, to, upon.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > attention and judgement > attention > earnest attention, concentration > fix the attention, concentrate [verb (transitive)]

intend1429

to run upon ——c1443

to run on ——?1499

to run of ——?1504

to stick to ——?1530

affix1553

medite1606

fix1664

meditate1700

linger1835

1553 G. Douglas tr. Virgil Eneados iv. f. lxxiv^v Ye turne you to pennance Refrenyng lustis inordinat, and cry ho And thair affix your luf.

1590 E. Spenser Faerie Queene iii. ii. sig. Cc8 She affixed had, Her hart on knight so goodly glorifyde.

1596 T. Bell Suruey Popery iii. x. 439 Ye must not affixe your mindes to these.

a1645 D. Featley in T. Fuller Abel Redevivus (1651) 310 He was so affixed to his studies.

1651 J. Saint-Amard tr. F. Micanzio Life Father Paul sig. F8 His beeing affixt to the divine Scripture,..which he used to reade from one end to the other.

1795 E. Fenwick Secresy III. iii. 43 Love itself without separation could not have taught you the omnipotent value a lover's heart affixes to time, place, and memory!

1833 E. S. Wortley Poems 15 To make a temple of the heart; Each wish to impale, each thought to affix On Resignation's crucifix!

1909 Refomatory Press (Anamosa, Iowa) 9 July 151/2 Affix your mind upon that Light, That shines from beyond the skies.

1953 A. J. Swan tr. B. V. Asaf'ev Russ. Music from Beginning 19th Cent. i. 16 Moussorgsky was a first-class pianist and..the piano evidently aided him in affixing his thoughts.

2009 G.F. Skipworth Shindaheen 19 He affixed his mind upon it, grabbing two jackets off the seat.

e. transitive. To ascribe, attribute (a name, quality, idea, composition date, etc.) to a person or thing; to set, fix (a price, value, etc.) for something. Usually with to.

ΚΠ

1598 E. Guilpin Skialetheia iv. sig. E^v Like to a worthy Romaine he hath wonne A three-fold name affixed to the Sunne.

1655 T. Fuller Church-hist. Brit. xi. 147 So it seemeth his Medicinall Quality is affixed not to his Prosperity, but Person.

1688 London Gaz. No. 2379/4 The Farmers of His Majesties Coynage and Preemption of Tinn,..have affix'd the Price 10 d. the Pound.

1710 R. Steele Tatler No. 207. 78 The appellation of gentleman is never to be affixed to a man's circumstances, but to his behaviour in them.

1754 J. Edwards Careful Enq. Freedom of Will iv. ii. 199 The Meaning that they arbitrarily affix to a Word.

1796 F. Burney Camilla I. iv. 217 A mere common bauble, which no one had thought worth the full price affixed to it by its toyman.

1818 M. W. Shelley Frankenstein I. i. 58 The professor discoursed with the greatest fluency of..sulphates and oxyds, terms to which I could affix no idea.

1818 T. H. Horne Introd. Crit. Study Holy Script. II. iii. vi. 474 Commentators affix the date of 54 to this event; but it is uncertain.

1881 L. P. Bevan in H. G. Weston Lect. on New Test. 28 A term beyond which we cannot affix a date for its composition.

1918 Purchasing Agent (N.Y.) Jan. 18/1 The 1914 Census of Manufacturers..affixed the value of waste produced during that year at more than $17000000.

1942 J. A. B. Scherer Thirty-first star ii. 29 ‘Old Bullion’, the friendly nickname affixed to Senator Benton because of his devotion to sound money.

1976 H. H. Lieberman City of Dead i. 11 He notes the degree of rigor mortis in order to affix a time of death.

2010 Mobile (Alabama) Reg. (Nexis) 11 Jan. c1 It would be impossible to affix a value to it because it is so very rare.

a. transitive. To impress or attach (a seal or stamp) to a letter, document, etc. Usually with to.

ΘΚΠ

society > communication > indication > marking > imprinting > sealing > seal [verb (transitive)]

markOE

sein1258

sign1258

asseal1297

seal1338

affix1456

embull?a1475

signet1496

consign1623

1456 in C. Innes Registrum de Dunfermelyn (1842) 341 My selle [is] affixit and to put.

1509–10 Breadalbane Coll. Documents & Lett. (Edinb. Reg. House) No. 37 We have affixt our seylle of the office of priory.

1559 in J. Stuart Rec. Monastery Kinloss (1872) 150 To thir our Literis of Bailziaries..our signet is affixed.

1658 J. Bramhall Consecration Protestant Bishops Justified ii. 18 And did cause his Authentick Episcopall Seale, to be there to affixed.

a1665 J. Goodwin Πλήρωμα τὸ Πνευματικόv (1670) ii. 31 A Covenant or Deed in writing is made good in Law by a Seal, (regularly) affixed to it.

1701 R. Cocks Diary 29 Mar. in D. W. Hayton Parl. Diary (1996) 78 Mr Finch said he was not obliged ministerially to affix the seales.

1771 ‘Junius’ Stat Nominis Umbra (1772) II. xlix. 183 The King..graciously affixed his stamp.

1889 Harper's Mag. Aug. 407/2 These album fans, to which great or noted men affix their seals, become of great value.

1898 Argosy Aug. 93 Have you forgotten that it will not have the royal seal affixed?

1928 Encycl. Laws Scotl. X. 474 The affixing of the Privy Seal to any deed became the preliminary to affixing the Great Seal.

1973 C. A. Wilson Food & Drink in Brit. viii. 282 They appointed an official garbler, who had to inspect the newly arrived spices, and affix his stamp to them as a guarantee of their purity.

2010 C. J. Neville Land, Law & People in Med. Scotl. i. iii. 89 To the part of the document that remained with Gille Brigte the bishop affixed his seal.

b. transitive. To add (a word, signature, postscript, etc.) to a letter, book, or piece of text; to inscribe or engrave (an illustration, etc.). Frequently with to.

ΚΠ

1590 Cobler of Caunterburie 32 Hee..thought a letter was not worth a rush, vnlesse there were some verses at the latter end, and there he affixed as a postscript this amarous ditty.

1605 W. Camden Remaines ii. 44 King Edward..had affixed..a large Epitaph in prose.

1672 W. Penn New Witnesses proved old Hereticks 60 I affixt a Postscript, touching the Commission it self, that might remove all Credit in the same.

1681 H. Jones Let. 3 May in R. Boyle Corr. (2001) V. 252 Yet can I not but well approve your thoughts for translating, printing, & affixing thatt [sc. a Preface] to our Irish N.T. also.

1713 R. Steele Guardian No. i. ⁋1 Mr. Airs..has taken care to affix his own image opposite to the title-page.

1795 Amer. Remembrancer II. 201 There remains no longer a doubt that the president has affixed his signature to the treaty.

1824 T. F. Dibdin Libr. Compan. 208 But it seems to be above all price. At least, none is affixed.

1878 R. Simpson School of Shakspere I. 98 To this paper the following notes are affixed in Philip's handwriting.

1898 in Daily News 8 Nov. 6/1 [Mr. Gladstone] would prefix the address and affix his signature, writing (as he called it) the ‘head and the tail’.

1953 U.N. World (N.Y.) Apr. 8/1 So furious was Lenin at the attitude of his disciple that..he affixed a postscript to his will specifically excluding Stalin from succession.

2008 D. Starkey Henry (2009) xix. 273 The same day at Greenwich Henry affixed his signature..to a similar number of signed bills for the lord chamberlain.

c. figurative.

(a) transitive. To ascribe (a fault, stigma, etc.) to a person or thing; to attribute (blame, guilt, etc.). Usually with to (also on, upon). Also: to stigmatize (a person or thing) with an accusation, etc.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > attention and judgement > contempt > disrepute > infamy or notoriety > make infamous [verb (transitive)] > brand with infamy

notec1425

notec1450

strike1597

embrand1604

stigmatize1619

brand1625

affix1641

render1647

1641 ‘Smectymnuus’ Vindic. Answer Hvmble Remonstr. xvi. 207 Nor did we ever intend to affixe those exoticall positions of unsound teachers..upon her.

1661 J. Glanvill Vanity of Dogmatizing xiv. 131 Some innocent truths have been affix'd with the reproach of Heresie.

1735 tr. C. Rollin Anc. Hist. V. 85 Affixing ridicule to them.

1795 F. Plowden Short. Hist. Brit. Empire 1794 Pref. p. ix It becomes requisite to caution my countrymen against affixing guilt to such as are cleared of it by the verdict of their peers.

1805 J. Foster Ess. i. ii. 23 The ungracious necessity of affixing blame.

1852 J. Biden Truths Maintained: Priesthood 4 Creating..an order of men, called the clergy..to administer all rites, to absolve from sin, and to affix guilt or modify punishment.

1916 W. E. Mikell Criminal Code Pennsylvania 3 The legislature..affixed the stigma of ‘felony’ to the graver crimes.

1957 A. M. Lilienthal There goes Middle East xiii. 227 The final report of the Armistice Commission had already affixed guilt to Israel.

1990 R. B. Flowers Adolescent Criminal xv. 167 Institutionalizing youths..affixes them with the stigmatizing effects of labeling.

2004 K. E. O'Donnell in T. Olsen Crossroads 90 People today might be tempted to affix culpability on Cooke's patrons, yet in antebellum Georgia the land encroachers were respectable society.

†(b) intransitive. With on, to. Of a stigma: to attach to or mark a person. Obsolete.

ΚΠ

1801 M. Edgeworth Prussian Vase in Moral Tales III. 36 No stain affixes to his honour from the accusation.

1839 W. M. Thackeray Catherine ii, in Fraser's Mag. June 696/2 No stigma affixes on him for betraying a woman.

3. transitive. To set, appoint, arrange (a day, time, meeting, etc.). Also: †to decree, ordain (obsolete). Now rare.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > will > decision > resolve or decide upon [verb (transitive)]

to take (in early use (i-)nim) to redeeOE

redeOE

to take (in early use (i-)nim) redeOE

to bring to stallc1275

rewardc1380

perfix1415

determ1423

concludec1430

prefix?1523

resolve1523

affix1524

devise1548

pitch?1567

purpose1574

to resolve with oneself1578

to set down1582

settle1596

determinea1616

decision1877

predetermine1884

1524 Queen Margaret in M. A. E. Wood Lett. Royal Ladies (1846) (modernized text) I. 369 At this convention last affixed at Berwick you were authorised to..conclude in all such things as should tend for the firm entertaining of assured good love and amity.

1533 J. Bellenden tr. Livy Hist. Rome (1901) I. 20/13 Remus..met Romulus at the samyn place at tyme affixt.

1621 First & Second Bk. Discipline (Church of Scotl.) 66 Another day to be affixed by your Honours.

1725 A. Pope tr. Homer Odyssey II. v. 372 The land, affix'd by Fate's eternal laws To end his toils.

1797 T. Jefferson Let. 15 June in Writings (1854) IV. 183 It is now talked of for the 24th, but it is impossible yet to affix a time.

1853 Water-cure Jrnl. Sept. 51/2 If you go to Water-Cures do not affix a time in which to ‘get well’. Nature will do her best for you, provided you and the doctor help.

1950 Pittsburgh Courier 6 May 5/2 If this appeal fails the Governor will affix a time of death [i.e. execution] within sixty days.

a. transitive (reflexive). To attach oneself; to stick or adhere to something. Chiefly with to.

ΘΚΠ

the world > relative properties > wholeness > mutual relation of parts to whole > fact or action of being joined or joining > attachment > attach or affix [verb (reflexive)]

affix?1529

attach1664

?1529 T. Paynell tr. Agapetos Preceptes sig. a.vii^v Thou shuldest cleue and affixe thy selfe to good and vertuous men.

1641 H. Parker True Grounds Eccl. Regiment 83 Neither did it [sc. the Spirit of God] affixe it selfe, or chuse any certaine resting place in any one part of the world more than an other.

1790 G. Riley Beauties of Creation II. 30 The use of their..jaws, is to loosen the bark to which they affix themselves, while they suck the juices oozing from the tree.

1795 T. Paine Age of Reason ii. 49 This will, in some measure, account for the suspicion that affixes itself to Jeremiah, of being a traitor.

1830 M. Donovan Domest. Econ. II. 197 The frog is a great enemy to this fish; it affixes itself firmly to the back of the carp..and remains there.

1882 Daily Tel. 18 Aug. 5/1 The ostriculturist has designed what is termed a ‘hive’ made of limed tiles, to which the spat can readily affix itself.

1905 Atlantic Monthly June 840/2 That whole movement to which the unkindly label of ‘decadence’ has affixed itself.

1961 J. D. Clarkson Hist. Russia v. 70 The metropolitans..showed an increasing tendency to be peregrinatory, affixing themselves to the throne of whatever grand prince seemed best to them.

1995 Richmond (Va.) Times-Dispatch 12 June d19/1 Jetways roll toward you after you land, affixing themselves to the plane like a giant leech.

b. intransitive. With to, upon. To adhere, stick, or cling; to be or become attached.

ΘΚΠ

the world > relative properties > wholeness > mutual relation of parts to whole > fact or action of being joined or joining > attachment > be or become attached or affixed [verb (intransitive)] > remain attached > adhere

cleavec897

to stick (cleave, cling, etc.) like a burc1330

sita1398

clinga1400

clengec1400

engleim?1440

adhere1557

clag1563

clasp1569

clencha1600

clung1601

clam1610

yclingec1620

affix1695

clinch1793

to stick (to one) like wax1809

cleam-

1695 J. Woodward Ess. Nat. Hist. Earth 202 Spar, and other crasser Minerals..affix to the Walls and Roofs, [and] incrust them over.

1838 Q. Jrnl. Agric. 9 No. 41. 47 A parasitical fungus, which..destroys the very organic structure of the grain and chaff upon which it affixes.

1967 Jrnl. Pediatrics 70 201/2 The antibody-antigen (drug) complex forms first and then affixes to the red cell.

2009 A. Reid Thoroughly Mod. Milkshakes 34 It affixes to the inside wall of the freezer..with a suction cup that actually keeps it attached.

5. transitive. Grammar. To add (a linguistic element) as an affix (affix n. 3).

ΚΠ

1604 T. Bilson Suruey Christs Sufferings 216 The Hebrues often put the Noune before, whose case they after repeat by a Pronoune affixed to the Verbe.

1779 Archaeologia 5 388 This particle [sc. fra] affixed to verbs, the Saxons by a small alteration softened into for, and..conveyed it down into its pure state to the English language.

1818 London Med. & Physical Jrnl. Dec. 478 By affixing the termination itis, signifying excess of animal or vital action, we express the precise nature of the affection.

1872 E. Trumpp Gram. Sindhi Lang. xi. 229 In the Format[ive] Plur[al] the suffix of the II pers. ě is generally contracted with the final e of the termination ne to ē..or even ī, or hě is affixed, to avoid a hiatus.

1912 J. H. Longford Japan of Japanese viii. 128 The inflexions of other languages are replaced by particles, affixed to the roots and blended with them only so far as will satisfy the requirements of euphony.

1976 Zeitschrift f. vergleichende Sprachforschung 90 146 The particle was affixed in Skt. and Gk. to nom. / acc. sg. neuters ending in a syllabic resonant.

2003 E. Nikièma in S. Ploch Living on Edge iii. 381 The analysis predicts that Italian should avoid affixing /s-/ and /dis-/ to forms beginning with type B sequences.

This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, September 2012; most recently modified version published online March 2022).

单词	affix
释义	affixn. Brit. /ˈafɪks/, U.S. /ˈæˌfɪks/ Forms: 1500s–1600s affixe, 1500s– affix. Origin: Of multiple origins. Partly a borrowing from French. Partly a borrowing from Latin. Etymons: French affixe; Latin affīxus. Etymology: < (i) Middle French, French affixe placard (1582; apparently obsolete after the Middle French period), (in Hebrew grammar) particle which is added to a radical (1584; 1838 with reference to non-Semitic languages); and its etymon (ii) classical Latin affīxus fastened to, attached to, use as adjective of past participle of affīgere affix v. Compare Middle French affix fixed (1497; earlier as affis (1357)), classical Latin affīxa (neuter plural noun) permanent fittings, fixtures. Compare earlier affixing n., affixion n.With sense 1 compare later affiche n. and its etymon Middle French, French affiche . In sense 2, which is not paralleled in French or Latin, originally after Italian affisso appendage (apparently only recorded in this sense in Florio; usually as a grammatical term (1551)), use as noun of affisso fastened, attached (13th cent. as †afixo). †1. = affiche n. Obsolete. ΘΚΠ society > communication > information > publishing or spreading abroad > publishing or spreading by leaflets or notices > [noun] > placarding, postering, or billing > a placard, notice, or bill bill1480 placard1560 ticket1567 pancart1577 affix1589 si quis1597 affiche1602 placketa1605 programme1633 programmaa1661 advertisement1692 clap-bill1699 handbill1718 daybill1731 show bill?a1750 notice1766 play-card1778 card1787 posting bill1788 poster1818 sticker1862 flyer1889 paper1896 1589 ‘M. Marprelate’ Protestatyon 13 There shall not be a post in any great streete or place of concourse, almost in the lande, but I will make an affixe, and set vp this my foresaide declaration. 1647 R. Stapleton tr. Juvenal Sixteen Satyrs 48 An affix or bill of the goods being posted for the buyers to read. 1660 R. Stapleton tr. Juvenal Mores Hominum iii. 95 There was upon the place an Affix posted up, which contained a Particular of the parcels to be sold, with their several prices. 1886 Temple Bar Mag. 78 513 An ‘affix’ was posted on ‘the screens’, to the effect that any undergraduate offending in this way would be..expelled. 2. That which is joined or appended; an appendage, an addition. Now rare. ΚΠ 1598 in J. Florio Worlde of Wordes 9/2 Affisso,..an affixe, a thing fixt to another. 1642 Bp. J. Taylor Of Sacred Order Episcopacy (1647) 341 The ambitious seeking of a temporall principality as..an affixe of the Apostolate. 1686 J. Goad Astro-meteorologica i. ix. 27 Though there be two Contrarieties to be inquired into, first of Hot and Cold, then of Moist and Dry, Ours will be but only after the First Contrariety, in as much as the Second is an Affix, and an Appendage to the First. 1794 Freemasons' Mag. Mar. The puff on ‘Flowers from Sharon’ comes under that description. We recommend it as an affix to the next edition of those sublime poems. 1856 A. P. Stanley Sinai & Palestine ii. 128 Designated, like the various ranges of Maritime, Graian, Pennine, and Julian Alps, by some affix or epithet. 1864 Spectator No. 1875. 642 Mr. Gladstone's affix to his speech on the suffrage which he calls a preface. 1940 Mariner's Mirror 26 129 The thinned down terminal part of the mast affix is slotted to take the halyard. 1981 T. C. Boyle Water Music (1983) i. 15 The boots are affixes to the nimble feet of Danile Mendoza, the pugilist, the Jew, the ex-Champion Fisticuffer of London. 3. Grammar. An element (as a prefix, suffix, infix, etc.) added to the base form or stem of a word, in order to modify its meaning (in inflection) or create a new word (in derivation), or for reasons of euphony.In some technical contexts applied only to inseparable particles, but more loosely including combining forms and sometimes prepositions and adverbs as an element in compounds. ΘΚΠ the mind > language > linguistics > study of grammar > morphology > morpheme > [noun] > affix adjectiona1325 affix1600 servile1668 afformative1795 formative1816 particle1868 formant1935 1600 Abp. G. Abbot Expos. Prophet Ionah xvii. 379 Iehouah Canani, which doth not come of Canan, nidificare, for then the former Nun, should haue Daghes in the middle; but of Canah, acquirere, possidere, with the Affixe in the end. 1666 J. Eliot Indian Gram. Begun 38 This Mode..doth cast off the Affix, or prefixed Pronoun. 1706 A. Bedford Temple Musick vii. 156 The Affix (ינו) is twice Rhythmically repeated. 1753 Chambers's Cycl. Suppl. (at cited word) The oriental languages..differ chiefly from each other as to affixes and suffixes. 1865 S. S. Haldeman Affixes §65 Several affixes occur in long words like in-com-pre-hen-s-ib-il-it-y which has three prefixes and five suffixes. 1881 Amer. Jrnl. Philol. 2 56 The n is either a phonetic affix to prevent hiatus or a relic of the old accusative ending m. 1949 ‘G. Orwell’ Nineteen Eighty-four 302 Any word could be negatived using the affix un-. 1978 Language 54 333 Similarly, in noun phrases, articles and affixes were inconsistently dropped. 2003 T. C. Sharma Mod. Methods Of Teaching iv. 34 The richness of Greek in all sorts of affixes gives a kind of algebraic value to the new vocabulary. 4. A general name (or number) which is combined with the individual name of a pure-bred animal to indicate the particular breeding or strain; spec. a word appended to the name of a dog in order to identify it with a particular breeder or kennel.Affixes are often regulated by and registered with a particular official body, such as the Kennel Club. ΘΚΠ the mind > language > naming > name or appellation > [noun] > addition to a dog's name affix1891 prefix1893 1891 Fanciers' Jrnl. 8 Aug. 83/2 Rob appeared with the pretty affix ‘Rozelle’ the first time at Bath show, where he won another first for his new kennel. 1893 Kennel Club Rules 2 A name which has been duly registered..cannot be again accepted for registration of a dog of the same breed, without the addition of a distinguishing number, prefix or affix. 1907 R. C. Cane in R. Leighton New Bk. Dog xxvi. 279/2 The distinguishing affix or prefix of ‘Friar’, so well known in the late 'eighties and early 'nineties, belonged to Mr. Thorpe Hincks, a great devotee of the breed. 1922 Farm Jrnl. 46 125/1 The Holstein-Friesian Association permits the use of thirty letters in a cow's name, besides the numeral affix. 1952 Pastoral Rev. 62 915/1 The meeting decided to amend the rules of the association to provide for the registration of prefixes or affixes. 2010 AKC Gaz. Jan. 48/1 Breeders use kennel names or affixes to identify dogs that they have bred, thus protecting the integrity of their bloodlines. 5. In the writing system of the ancient Maya: a sign adjacent to, or placed within, the main sign in a glyph, typically representing a grammatical modification or phonetic complement to the main sign. ΘΚΠ the mind > language > linguistics > semantics > unit of meaning > [noun] > other types of noemea1866 affix1895 glosseme1926 minimum free form1926 plereme1939 keneme1950 1895 D. G. Brinton Primer of Mayan Hieroglyphs 81 A number of others drawn in or around it, which are generally known as ‘affixes’. 1946 Amer. Antiq. 12 113/2 This sign..appears as an affix; the owl-plume seems really to be attached to the ben-ik rather than to the main sign. 1976 J. Marcus Emblem & State in Classic Maya Lowlands iv. 56 It appears possible that greater attention was devoted to the carving of affixes in order to achieve specificity, i.e. adjectives, adverbs, and qualifiers. 2012 W. R. T. Witschey & C. T. Brown Hist. Dict. Mesoamerica 132 A breakthrough in deciphering the Maya hieroglyphs occurred in 1958 when Heinrich Berlin noticed that particular glyphs varied from site to site, but had similar affixes regardless of where they were found in the Maya territory. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, September 2012; most recently modified version published online March 2022). affixv. Brit. /əˈfɪks/, U.S. /əˈfɪks/ Forms: late Middle English affex, late Middle English– affix, 1500s–1600s affixe; Scottish pre-1700 afex, pre-1700 affixt, pre-1700 afyx, pre-1700 effex, pre-1700 effix, pre-1700 effyx, pre-1700 1700s– affix. Origin: Probably a borrowing from Latin. Etymons: Latin affīx-, affīgere. Etymology: Probably < classical Latin affīx-, past participial stem of affīgere to fix by piercing, to fasten, nail, to transfix, pierce, to attach, to fix in position, to fix or impress (on the mind or memory of), (reflexive) to attach oneself, cling (to), in post-classical Latin also to propound (an opinion) (1515 in a British source) < af- , variant of ad- (see af- prefix) + fīgere fix v. Compare post-classical Latin affixare to fix (something) in place (12th cent. (perhaps earlier in undated glossaries); also affixere (14th cent. in a British source)), a frequentative formation < classical Latin affīx- , past participial stem of classical Latin affīgere . Compare Middle French (rare) affixer to attach (something) (c1513). Compare also earlier affiche v. and the Romance verbs cited at that entry, and also fix v.Classical Latin affīgere was also borrowed into other Romance languages; compare Middle French affiger (beginning of the 16th cent.), Old Occitan afigir (c1350), Catalan afegir (14th cent.), Italian affiggere (a1321). In the Older Scots form affixt apparently after affixt, variant form of the past participle. 1. a. transitive. To attach or assign to an action, person, place, etc., as a consequence, duty, or concomitant; to fix or set (a penalty, condition, etc.). Usually with to, upon. ΘΚΠ the world > space > place > placing or fact of being placed in (a) position > place or put in a position [verb (transitive)] > place and make fast plant1381 tight1382 affixc1448 pitch1533 pight1586 the world > relative properties > wholeness > mutual relation of parts to whole > fact or action of being joined or joining > attachment > attach or affix [verb (transitive)] fastenOE fasta1225 tachec1315 to-seta1340 catcha1350 affichea1382 to put ona1382 tacka1387 to put to1396 adjoina1400 attach?a1400 bend1399 spyndec1400 to-tachc1400 affixc1448 complexc1470 setc1480 attouch1483 found?1541 obligate1547 patch1549 alligate1563 dight1572 inyoke1595 infixa1616 wreathe1643 adlige1650 adhibit1651 oblige1656 adent1658 to bring to1681 engage1766 superfix1766 to lap on1867 accrete1870 c1448 in W. Hudson Rec. City of Norwich (1906) I. 344 (MED) The said fynes of xxviii li affexed upon the said meir and comonalte and upon other persones for the said acrochment. c1500 in J. Cooper Cartularium Eccl. St. Nicholai Aberdonensis (1888) I. 259 That nain commondis be..gevin bot allanarlie to thame that..kepis thar seruice affixt to thame. 1574 J. Whitgift Def. Aunswere to Admon. viii. iii. 392 The office of an Archbyshop, and iurisdiction of a Byshop is permanent, and affixed to certayne places, not moueable, nor during one action only. 1647 N. Bacon Hist. Disc. Govt. lxviii. 285 Other Courts were rurall, and affixed also to some certaine place. 1658 F. Osborne Advice to Son (1673) 221 A dread they have to affix the Miter in a particular Family. 1744 C. Viner Gen. Abridgm. Law & Equity XIX. 264 A Justice of Peace is not an Officer affixed to a place. 1754 D. Hume Hist. Great Brit. I. 117 To bribe their indolence, by affixing stated salaries to their profession. 1844 C. Dickens Martin Chuzzlewit x. 122 Could it be that the statutes of the land were so remiss as to have affixed no punishment to such delinquency? 1850 F. W. Robertson Serm. (1857) 3rd Ser. 7 Persecution is that which affixes penalties upon views held, instead of upon life led. 1909 Cases Courts of Appeals Missouri 136 161 The point at which the animal was killed was one where the law affixed the duty upon the railroad company to erect and maintain a fence. 1919 Northeastern Reporter 121 478/1 A crime to which there is affixed a penalty of imprisonment. 1935 F. Wanenmacher Canonical Evid. in Marriage Cases ii. xii. 280 Stipulations affixed to the marriage contract have respect either to a past or present fact, or to a future event. 2001 P. Fitzpatrick Modernism & Grounds of Law vi. 213 Particular nations, most conspicuously the United States, affix conditions to trade agreements. b. transitive. To fix, fasten, or attach (a thing) physically to something, as with a nail, string, glue, etc.; to stick or fix in place. Usually with to (also on, upon).In quot. 1533: to fix and erect (a tent). ΘΚΠ the world > movement > absence of movement > render immobile [verb (transitive)] > remain in (a place) > cause to remain in one place staya1586 affix1654 1483 tr. Adam of Eynsham Reuelation x Yowe shalte fynde a crosse and an ymage of thy redemer affixed to the same crosse. 1533 J. Bellenden tr. Livy Hist. Rome (1822) iv. 347 The dictator affixt his tentis at Tusculum. 1535 W. Stewart tr. H. Boethius Bk. Cron. Scotl. (1858) II. 482 Ane crucifix..In quhome the image of ouir Saluiour Affixt wes. 1647 in J. Stuart Extracts Council Reg. Aberdeen (1848) II. 77 Affixting of honers and armes in the kirk. 1654 T. Gataker Disc. Apol. 57 This affixed me for a longer space of time, then before, to my Bed. 1695 J. Woodward Ess. Nat. Hist. Earth 198 The Water of Rivers..lets them [sc. particles] fall, deposing and affixing them upon any thing which occurrs in the way. 1735 tr. C. Rollin Anc. Hist. V. 6 That sail was affixed to a vessel. 1778 W. Thom Revolt 10 Tribes 22 He was to chastise them with..whips or scourges that had iron rowels affixed to them. 1827 H. Hallam Constit. Hist. Eng. I. iii. 147 Felton affixed this bull to the gates of the bishop of London's palace. 1849 T. B. Macaulay Hist. Eng. I. 378 The Vice-chancellor, by a notice affixed in all public places, prescribed the hour and place of departure. 1880 P.O. Guide 14 Obtain postage stamps, and affix them carefully to the letters. 1917 Commerce Rep. (U.S. Bureau Foreign & Domest. Commerce) 8 June 922 A frame drum revolving at high speed on which wooden or round iron crosspieces are affixed at intervals. 1970 Railway World Apr. 166 A tatty sign affixed to the inside of the station windows. 2010 N.Y. Times Mag. 7 Nov. 57/2 She and her top two lieutenants affixed small golden crowns to their topknots. c. transitive. To attach or annex (furniture, buildings, a tax, a duty, etc.) to a piece of land, freehold, or property; to include in possession. Usually with to. ΚΠ c1503 R. Arnold Chron. f. li^v/2 Suche thingis which by tenantis terme of lyf or yeris ben affixed vnto houses wythout speciall licence of the ownar of the soyle. 1725 London Gaz. No. 6398/1 Consisting of two messuages and Brewhouse..with the several Utensils of Brewing affixed. 1792 T. Leach Cases Crown Law (ed. 2) 263 Property affixed to the freehold..was not, at common law, the subject of larceny, provided it was severed and carried away at the same time. 1827 J. Kent Comm. Amer. Law II. xxxv. 280 The rule obtains..against the right to consider as a personal chattel any thing which has been affixed to the freehold. 1884 Northwestern Reporter 20 42 To dismantle said mine, and deprive it of its proper equipment of machinery and buildings so permanently affixed to the property. 1940 Solicitor Mar. 60/1 The purchaser was informed that the electric lighting installation affixed to the property was the subject of a hire-purchase agreement. 1961 Chitty's Law Jrnl. 10 15/1 A chattel was affixed to the freehold in circumstances that left the affixer the right of removal. 2009 S. A. Christensen & W. D. Duncan Sale of Businesses in Austral. (ed. 2) 298 It is not intended that the legislation apply to..tangible property affixed to land. d. transitive. To fix (the desires or mental faculties) on something; to concentrate or direct (one's mind, emotions, etc.). Usually with on, to, upon. ΘΚΠ the mind > attention and judgement > attention > earnest attention, concentration > fix the attention, concentrate [verb (transitive)] intend1429 to run upon ——c1443 to run on ——?1499 to run of ——?1504 to stick to ——?1530 affix1553 medite1606 fix1664 meditate1700 linger1835 1553 G. Douglas tr. Virgil Eneados iv. f. lxxiv^v Ye turne you to pennance Refrenyng lustis inordinat, and cry ho And thair affix your luf. 1590 E. Spenser Faerie Queene iii. ii. sig. Cc8 She affixed had, Her hart on knight so goodly glorifyde. 1596 T. Bell Suruey Popery iii. x. 439 Ye must not affixe your mindes to these. a1645 D. Featley in T. Fuller Abel Redevivus (1651) 310 He was so affixed to his studies. 1651 J. Saint-Amard tr. F. Micanzio Life Father Paul sig. F8 His beeing affixt to the divine Scripture,..which he used to reade from one end to the other. 1795 E. Fenwick Secresy III. iii. 43 Love itself without separation could not have taught you the omnipotent value a lover's heart affixes to time, place, and memory! 1833 E. S. Wortley Poems 15 To make a temple of the heart; Each wish to impale, each thought to affix On Resignation's crucifix! 1909 Refomatory Press (Anamosa, Iowa) 9 July 151/2 Affix your mind upon that Light, That shines from beyond the skies. 1953 A. J. Swan tr. B. V. Asaf'ev Russ. Music from Beginning 19th Cent. i. 16 Moussorgsky was a first-class pianist and..the piano evidently aided him in affixing his thoughts. 2009 G.F. Skipworth Shindaheen 19 He affixed his mind upon it, grabbing two jackets off the seat. e. transitive. To ascribe, attribute (a name, quality, idea, composition date, etc.) to a person or thing; to set, fix (a price, value, etc.) for something. Usually with to. ΚΠ 1598 E. Guilpin Skialetheia iv. sig. E^v Like to a worthy Romaine he hath wonne A three-fold name affixed to the Sunne. 1655 T. Fuller Church-hist. Brit. xi. 147 So it seemeth his Medicinall Quality is affixed not to his Prosperity, but Person. 1688 London Gaz. No. 2379/4 The Farmers of His Majesties Coynage and Preemption of Tinn,..have affix'd the Price 10 d. the Pound. 1710 R. Steele Tatler No. 207. 78 The appellation of gentleman is never to be affixed to a man's circumstances, but to his behaviour in them. 1754 J. Edwards Careful Enq. Freedom of Will iv. ii. 199 The Meaning that they arbitrarily affix to a Word. 1796 F. Burney Camilla I. iv. 217 A mere common bauble, which no one had thought worth the full price affixed to it by its toyman. 1818 M. W. Shelley Frankenstein I. i. 58 The professor discoursed with the greatest fluency of..sulphates and oxyds, terms to which I could affix no idea. 1818 T. H. Horne Introd. Crit. Study Holy Script. II. iii. vi. 474 Commentators affix the date of 54 to this event; but it is uncertain. 1881 L. P. Bevan in H. G. Weston Lect. on New Test. 28 A term beyond which we cannot affix a date for its composition. 1918 Purchasing Agent (N.Y.) Jan. 18/1 The 1914 Census of Manufacturers..affixed the value of waste produced during that year at more than $17000000. 1942 J. A. B. Scherer Thirty-first star ii. 29 ‘Old Bullion’, the friendly nickname affixed to Senator Benton because of his devotion to sound money. 1976 H. H. Lieberman City of Dead i. 11 He notes the degree of rigor mortis in order to affix a time of death. 2010 Mobile (Alabama) Reg. (Nexis) 11 Jan. c1 It would be impossible to affix a value to it because it is so very rare. 2. a. transitive. To impress or attach (a seal or stamp) to a letter, document, etc. Usually with to. ΘΚΠ society > communication > indication > marking > imprinting > sealing > seal [verb (transitive)] markOE sein1258 sign1258 asseal1297 seal1338 affix1456 embull?a1475 signet1496 consign1623 1456 in C. Innes Registrum de Dunfermelyn (1842) 341 My selle [is] affixit and to put. 1509–10 Breadalbane Coll. Documents & Lett. (Edinb. Reg. House) No. 37 We have affixt our seylle of the office of priory. 1559 in J. Stuart Rec. Monastery Kinloss (1872) 150 To thir our Literis of Bailziaries..our signet is affixed. 1658 J. Bramhall Consecration Protestant Bishops Justified ii. 18 And did cause his Authentick Episcopall Seale, to be there to affixed. a1665 J. Goodwin Πλήρωμα τὸ Πνευματικόv (1670) ii. 31 A Covenant or Deed in writing is made good in Law by a Seal, (regularly) affixed to it. 1701 R. Cocks Diary 29 Mar. in D. W. Hayton Parl. Diary (1996) 78 Mr Finch said he was not obliged ministerially to affix the seales. 1771 ‘Junius’ Stat Nominis Umbra (1772) II. xlix. 183 The King..graciously affixed his stamp. 1889 Harper's Mag. Aug. 407/2 These album fans, to which great or noted men affix their seals, become of great value. 1898 Argosy Aug. 93 Have you forgotten that it will not have the royal seal affixed? 1928 Encycl. Laws Scotl. X. 474 The affixing of the Privy Seal to any deed became the preliminary to affixing the Great Seal. 1973 C. A. Wilson Food & Drink in Brit. viii. 282 They appointed an official garbler, who had to inspect the newly arrived spices, and affix his stamp to them as a guarantee of their purity. 2010 C. J. Neville Land, Law & People in Med. Scotl. i. iii. 89 To the part of the document that remained with Gille Brigte the bishop affixed his seal. b. transitive. To add (a word, signature, postscript, etc.) to a letter, book, or piece of text; to inscribe or engrave (an illustration, etc.). Frequently with to. ΚΠ 1590 Cobler of Caunterburie 32 Hee..thought a letter was not worth a rush, vnlesse there were some verses at the latter end, and there he affixed as a postscript this amarous ditty. 1605 W. Camden Remaines ii. 44 King Edward..had affixed..a large Epitaph in prose. 1672 W. Penn New Witnesses proved old Hereticks 60 I affixt a Postscript, touching the Commission it self, that might remove all Credit in the same. 1681 H. Jones Let. 3 May in R. Boyle Corr. (2001) V. 252 Yet can I not but well approve your thoughts for translating, printing, & affixing thatt [sc. a Preface] to our Irish N.T. also. 1713 R. Steele Guardian No. i. ⁋1 Mr. Airs..has taken care to affix his own image opposite to the title-page. 1795 Amer. Remembrancer II. 201 There remains no longer a doubt that the president has affixed his signature to the treaty. 1824 T. F. Dibdin Libr. Compan. 208 But it seems to be above all price. At least, none is affixed. 1878 R. Simpson School of Shakspere I. 98 To this paper the following notes are affixed in Philip's handwriting. 1898 in Daily News 8 Nov. 6/1 [Mr. Gladstone] would prefix the address and affix his signature, writing (as he called it) the ‘head and the tail’. 1953 U.N. World (N.Y.) Apr. 8/1 So furious was Lenin at the attitude of his disciple that..he affixed a postscript to his will specifically excluding Stalin from succession. 2008 D. Starkey Henry (2009) xix. 273 The same day at Greenwich Henry affixed his signature..to a similar number of signed bills for the lord chamberlain. c. figurative. (a) transitive. To ascribe (a fault, stigma, etc.) to a person or thing; to attribute (blame, guilt, etc.). Usually with to (also on, upon). Also: to stigmatize (a person or thing) with an accusation, etc. ΘΚΠ the mind > attention and judgement > contempt > disrepute > infamy or notoriety > make infamous [verb (transitive)] > brand with infamy notec1425 notec1450 strike1597 embrand1604 stigmatize1619 brand1625 affix1641 render1647 1641 ‘Smectymnuus’ Vindic. Answer Hvmble Remonstr. xvi. 207 Nor did we ever intend to affixe those exoticall positions of unsound teachers..upon her. 1661 J. Glanvill Vanity of Dogmatizing xiv. 131 Some innocent truths have been affix'd with the reproach of Heresie. 1735 tr. C. Rollin Anc. Hist. V. 85 Affixing ridicule to them. 1795 F. Plowden Short. Hist. Brit. Empire 1794 Pref. p. ix It becomes requisite to caution my countrymen against affixing guilt to such as are cleared of it by the verdict of their peers. 1805 J. Foster Ess. i. ii. 23 The ungracious necessity of affixing blame. 1852 J. Biden Truths Maintained: Priesthood 4 Creating..an order of men, called the clergy..to administer all rites, to absolve from sin, and to affix guilt or modify punishment. 1916 W. E. Mikell Criminal Code Pennsylvania 3 The legislature..affixed the stigma of ‘felony’ to the graver crimes. 1957 A. M. Lilienthal There goes Middle East xiii. 227 The final report of the Armistice Commission had already affixed guilt to Israel. 1990 R. B. Flowers Adolescent Criminal xv. 167 Institutionalizing youths..affixes them with the stigmatizing effects of labeling. 2004 K. E. O'Donnell in T. Olsen Crossroads 90 People today might be tempted to affix culpability on Cooke's patrons, yet in antebellum Georgia the land encroachers were respectable society. †(b) intransitive. With on, to. Of a stigma: to attach to or mark a person. Obsolete. ΚΠ 1801 M. Edgeworth Prussian Vase in Moral Tales III. 36 No stain affixes to his honour from the accusation. 1839 W. M. Thackeray Catherine ii, in Fraser's Mag. June 696/2 No stigma affixes on him for betraying a woman. 3. transitive. To set, appoint, arrange (a day, time, meeting, etc.). Also: †to decree, ordain (obsolete). Now rare. ΘΚΠ the mind > will > decision > resolve or decide upon [verb (transitive)] to take (in early use (i-)nim) to redeeOE redeOE to take (in early use (i-)nim) redeOE to bring to stallc1275 rewardc1380 perfix1415 determ1423 concludec1430 prefix?1523 resolve1523 affix1524 devise1548 pitch?1567 purpose1574 to resolve with oneself1578 to set down1582 settle1596 determinea1616 decision1877 predetermine1884 1524 Queen Margaret in M. A. E. Wood Lett. Royal Ladies (1846) (modernized text) I. 369 At this convention last affixed at Berwick you were authorised to..conclude in all such things as should tend for the firm entertaining of assured good love and amity. 1533 J. Bellenden tr. Livy Hist. Rome (1901) I. 20/13 Remus..met Romulus at the samyn place at tyme affixt. 1621 First & Second Bk. Discipline (Church of Scotl.) 66 Another day to be affixed by your Honours. 1725 A. Pope tr. Homer Odyssey II. v. 372 The land, affix'd by Fate's eternal laws To end his toils. 1797 T. Jefferson Let. 15 June in Writings (1854) IV. 183 It is now talked of for the 24th, but it is impossible yet to affix a time. 1853 Water-cure Jrnl. Sept. 51/2 If you go to Water-Cures do not affix a time in which to ‘get well’. Nature will do her best for you, provided you and the doctor help. 1950 Pittsburgh Courier 6 May 5/2 If this appeal fails the Governor will affix a time of death [i.e. execution] within sixty days. 4. a. transitive (reflexive). To attach oneself; to stick or adhere to something. Chiefly with to. ΘΚΠ the world > relative properties > wholeness > mutual relation of parts to whole > fact or action of being joined or joining > attachment > attach or affix [verb (reflexive)] affix?1529 attach1664 ?1529 T. Paynell tr. Agapetos Preceptes sig. a.vii^v Thou shuldest cleue and affixe thy selfe to good and vertuous men. 1641 H. Parker True Grounds Eccl. Regiment 83 Neither did it [sc. the Spirit of God] affixe it selfe, or chuse any certaine resting place in any one part of the world more than an other. 1790 G. Riley Beauties of Creation II. 30 The use of their..jaws, is to loosen the bark to which they affix themselves, while they suck the juices oozing from the tree. 1795 T. Paine Age of Reason ii. 49 This will, in some measure, account for the suspicion that affixes itself to Jeremiah, of being a traitor. 1830 M. Donovan Domest. Econ. II. 197 The frog is a great enemy to this fish; it affixes itself firmly to the back of the carp..and remains there. 1882 Daily Tel. 18 Aug. 5/1 The ostriculturist has designed what is termed a ‘hive’ made of limed tiles, to which the spat can readily affix itself. 1905 Atlantic Monthly June 840/2 That whole movement to which the unkindly label of ‘decadence’ has affixed itself. 1961 J. D. Clarkson Hist. Russia v. 70 The metropolitans..showed an increasing tendency to be peregrinatory, affixing themselves to the throne of whatever grand prince seemed best to them. 1995 Richmond (Va.) Times-Dispatch 12 June d19/1 Jetways roll toward you after you land, affixing themselves to the plane like a giant leech. b. intransitive. With to, upon. To adhere, stick, or cling; to be or become attached. ΘΚΠ the world > relative properties > wholeness > mutual relation of parts to whole > fact or action of being joined or joining > attachment > be or become attached or affixed [verb (intransitive)] > remain attached > adhere cleavec897 to stick (cleave, cling, etc.) like a burc1330 sita1398 clinga1400 clengec1400 engleim?1440 adhere1557 clag1563 clasp1569 clencha1600 clung1601 clam1610 yclingec1620 affix1695 clinch1793 to stick (to one) like wax1809 cleam- 1695 J. Woodward Ess. Nat. Hist. Earth 202 Spar, and other crasser Minerals..affix to the Walls and Roofs, [and] incrust them over. 1838 Q. Jrnl. Agric. 9 No. 41. 47 A parasitical fungus, which..destroys the very organic structure of the grain and chaff upon which it affixes. 1967 Jrnl. Pediatrics 70 201/2 The antibody-antigen (drug) complex forms first and then affixes to the red cell. 2009 A. Reid Thoroughly Mod. Milkshakes 34 It affixes to the inside wall of the freezer..with a suction cup that actually keeps it attached. 5. transitive. Grammar. To add (a linguistic element) as an affix (affix n. 3). ΚΠ 1604 T. Bilson Suruey Christs Sufferings 216 The Hebrues often put the Noune before, whose case they after repeat by a Pronoune affixed to the Verbe. 1779 Archaeologia 5 388 This particle [sc. fra] affixed to verbs, the Saxons by a small alteration softened into for, and..conveyed it down into its pure state to the English language. 1818 London Med. & Physical Jrnl. Dec. 478 By affixing the termination itis, signifying excess of animal or vital action, we express the precise nature of the affection. 1872 E. Trumpp Gram. Sindhi Lang. xi. 229 In the Format[ive] Plur[al] the suffix of the II pers. ě is generally contracted with the final e of the termination ne to ē..or even ī, or hě is affixed, to avoid a hiatus. 1912 J. H. Longford Japan of Japanese viii. 128 The inflexions of other languages are replaced by particles, affixed to the roots and blended with them only so far as will satisfy the requirements of euphony. 1976 Zeitschrift f. vergleichende Sprachforschung 90 146 The particle was affixed in Skt. and Gk. to nom. / acc. sg. neuters ending in a syllabic resonant. 2003 E. Nikièma in S. Ploch Living on Edge iii. 381 The analysis predicts that Italian should avoid affixing /s-/ and /dis-/ to forms beginning with type B sequences. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, September 2012; most recently modified version published online March 2022). < n.1589v.c1448
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