capstann.

Brit.

/ˈkapstən/, U.S.

/ˈkæpstən/

Forms: α. Middle English capstan, Middle English–1500s capstayne, 1500s capestan, 1500s–1600s capstain(e, capsten, 1600s–1700s capstane, 1600s capstone, capstang, 1600s– capstan; β. 1600s capsterne, 1600s–1800s capstern, (1600s capstorm); γ. 1600s–1700s capstand; δ. 1600s–1700s capstall; see also capstring n.

Etymology: either < French cabestan, also in 16th cent. capestan (Littré), or else directly from the source of the French, viz. Provençal cabestan, earlier cabestran (Catalan cabestrant, Spanish cabestrante, -estante, cabrestante, Portuguese cabrestante) < Latin *capistrānt- present participle of capistrāre (Provençal cabestrar), to halter, bind fast, fasten, < capistrum (Italian capestro, Spanish cabestro, Portuguese cabresto, Provençal cabestre, French chevêtre) halter, < capĕre to take hold of. The French cabestan is not known to us earlier than Palsgrave 1530; since the word occurs in English in 14th cent., it may have been learned from the shipmen of Marseilles or Barcelona at the time of the Crusades. In Portuguese, capistrum and its derivatives have the r transposed, cabresto ‘halter’, nautically ‘ropes, cables belonging to the bowsprit’, cabresteiro ‘halter-maker’, cabrestante; the last is also the approved form in modern literary Spanish; this form gave rise to the untenable conjecture that the derivation was < cabra goat + estante ‘standing’, ingeniously supported by the known application of the name of the goat in various languages (cabria, chèvre, bock, etc.), to various mechanical devices. The attempt to find a meaning in the word, in English, produced many popular perversions of the second element, as stain, stone, stand, stall, stern, storm, string. Other names were capstock, and cablestock.

a. A piece of mechanism, working on the principle of the wheel and axle, on a vertical axis, the power being applied by movable bars or levers inserted in horizontal sockets made round the top, and pushed by men walking round, whereby the apparatus is made to revolve and wind up a cable round its cylinder or barrel; it is used especially on board ship for weighing the anchor, also for hoisting heavy sails, etc., and for raising weights out of quarries, mines, coal-pits (see gin n.¹), and the like. double capstan, one that has two barrels on different decks, so as to be worked by two sets of men. Phrases, to heave at the capstan, to man the capstan, to bring the cable to the capstan; to rig the capstan, to insert the bars, etc.; to pawl the capstan, to drop the pawls or catches into their sockets so as to prevent recoil, when heaving is stopped; to come up the capstan, to slacken the cable by lifting out the pawls and walking back; to surge the capstan, to slacken the rope while heaving so as to prevent riding or fouling.

ΘΚΠ

society > travel > travel by water > vessel, ship, or boat > equipment for moving ship over bar or shoal > [noun] > winch or capstan

capstanc1400

winch1623

nigger1867

society > travel > travel by water > vessel, ship, or boat > equipment of vessel > other equipment of vessel > [noun] > capstan

capstanc1400

α. forms capstan, -stain, -sten, -stone, -stang.

c1400 (?c1380) Cleanness (1920) l. 418 Þe arc..with-outen..kable oþer capstan to clyppe to her ankrez.

?1518 Cocke Lorelles Bote sig. C.j Some wounde at y^e capstayne..Some stode at y^e slynge.

1530 J. Palsgrave Lesclarcissement 607/2 Let go your capestan ..laschez vostre cabestan.

a1608 F. Vere Comm. (1657) 28 The Cap-stain being too strong for my men.

1615 Accts. St. John's Hosp., Canterbury (Canterbury Cathedral Archives: CCA-U13/5) A nyorne pynne for the capsten.

a1618 W. Raleigh Disc. Invention Shipping 16 in Judicious & Select Ess. (1650) The weighing of Anchors by the Capstone is also new.

1622 R. Hawkins Observ. Voiage South Sea xxxvi. 88 With our Capsten [we] stretched the two byghtes.

1633 T. James Strange Voy. 25 Bringing the Cable to Capstang, to heaue in our Cable.

1706 Phillips's New World of Words (new ed.) Capstan, Capstand or Capstern..Come up Capstan, or Launce out the Capstan, when the Sea-men would have the Cable that they heave by slacked.

1730 J. T. Desaguliers in Philos. Trans. 1729–30 (Royal Soc.) 36 196 A Capstane, or upright Shaft, drawn round by Horses.

1832 C. Babbage Econ. Machinery & Manuf. (ed. 2) vii. 46 In mines, it is sometimes necessary to raise or lower great weights by capstans.

β. forms capstern, -storm.1624 J. Smith Gen. Hist. Virginia i. 14 The men..were throwne from the Capstern, by the breaking of a barre.1670 J. Dryden & W. Davenant Shakespeare's Tempest i. 2 Hands down! man your main-Capstorm.1759 J. Wesley Wks. (1872) II. 521 The capstern of the ship.1769 W. Falconer Universal Dict. Marine (at cited word) To come up the capstern, is to let go the rope upon which they had been heaving.1836 F. Marryat Mr. Midshipman Easy I. xiii. 228 Mind you leave all your pistols on capstern.γ. form capstand.1616 J. Bullokar Eng. Expositor Capstand, an instrument to wind up things of great weight, some call it a Crane.1791 J. Smeaton Narr. Edystone Lighthouse §154 I tried them by a strain from the Capstand.δ. form capstall.1610 P. Holland tr. W. Camden Brit. i. 318 Enforced to worke their vessels to land by a Capstall or Crane.1714 R. Steele Lover (1723) 190 Anchors, Cables, Rudders..Capstals.

b. (See quot. 1959.)

ΘΚΠ

society > communication > record > recording or reproducing sound or visual material > sound recording and reproduction > sound recording or reproducing equipment > [noun] > using tape > part of

recording head1889

pinch wheel1898

capstan1948

deck1949

pinch roller1949

tape deck1949

pinch roll1953

stacked head1954

tape transport1954

1948 Sat. Rev. 28 Feb. 56 Tape..is usually capstan driven at constant linear speed.

1949 J. G. Frayne & H. Wolfe Elem. Sound Recording xxix. 580 The recording material is pulled by a capstan against which it is held by a roller. The capstan may be driven directly by a motor or by means of a belt drive.

1959 W. S. Sharps Dict. Cinematogr. 84 Capstan, in magnetic tape recording, this is the motor-controlled spindle surmounted by a roller which grips the tape and draws it past the sound head at constant speed.

Compounds

C1. Generalattributive.

capstan-bar n.

ΚΠ

1627 J. Smith Sea Gram. ii. 8 Holes thorow them, thorow which you put your Capstaine barres, for as many men as can stand at them to thrust it about, and is called manning the Capstaine.

1798 Capt. Miller in Ld. Nelson Dispatches & Lett. (1846) VII. Introd. 157 They dropped under the capstan-bars, and were asleep in a moment.

capstan-barrel n.

ΘΚΠ

society > occupation and work > equipment > lifting or hoisting equipment > [noun] > winch or capstan > drum or barrel of

barrel?1518

roller1609

turn-tree1653

turn-beam1679

tympanum1704

capstan-barrel1706

rope barrel1797

rope roll1811

1706 Phillips's New World of Words (new ed.) (at cited word) Capstan-barrel is the main part of the whole piece.

capstan-headed adj.

ΚΠ

1790 W. Roy in Philos. Trans. (Royal Soc.) 80 147 Capstan-headed screws.

capstan-heaver n.

ΚΠ

1791 J. Bentham Panopticon ii. 115 The capstern-heaver would be dead before the wheel-walker felt the sensation of fatigue.

capstan labourer n.

ΚΠ

?1881 Census Eng. & Wales: Instr. Clerks classifying Occupations & Ages (?1885) 94 Capstan labourer.

capstan-man n.

ΚΠ

1889 P. H. Emerson Eng. Idyls 67 On deck, a countryman who had shipped as capstan-man, was standing for'ard with the master.

1921 Dict. Occup. Terms (1927) §706 Capstan man.., moves trucks in goods depôt by depressing foot lever actuating automatic capstan.

1921 Dict. Occup. Terms (1927) §741 Capstan man, operates capstan,..allows capstan to revolve,..etc.

1921 Glasgow Herald 1 June 9 Cranemen, capstanmen, and others.

C2.

capstan-house n. see quot.

ΚΠ

1809 C. Milward in Naval Chron. 22 309 The mess~room door of the capstan-house.

1863 P. Barry Dockyard Econ. 101 Capstan-houses. These are the houses in which capstans, anchor stocks, pump boxes, etc., are manufactured, repaired, and stored.

capstan-swifter n. ‘a rope passed horizontally through notches in the outer ends of the bar..the intent is to steady the men, and to give room for a greater number to assist, by manning the swifters both within and without’ (Smyth).

capstan table n. a round table on a column, often with a revolving top.

ΘΚΠ

society > inhabiting and dwelling > inhabited place > a building > furniture and fittings > table > [noun] > other tables

dormant tablec1405

set board1512

chair-table1558

oyster table1559

brushing-table1575

stand board1580

table-chair1671

reading table1749

worktable1762

centre table1775

pier table1778

loo-table1789

screen table1793

social table1793

octoped1822

claw-table1832

bench table1838

mould1842

end table1851

pedestal table1858

picnic table1866

examining table1877

silver table1897

changing table1917

rent table1919

capstan table1927

conference table1928

tricoteuse1960

Parsons1962

overflow table1973

butcher's block1976

1927 Daily Tel. 31 May 4/1 An old English ‘capstan’ writing table.

This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1888; most recently modified version published online March 2022).

单词	capstan
释义	capstann. Brit. /ˈkapstən/, U.S. /ˈkæpstən/ Forms: α. Middle English capstan, Middle English–1500s capstayne, 1500s capestan, 1500s–1600s capstain(e, capsten, 1600s–1700s capstane, 1600s capstone, capstang, 1600s– capstan; β. 1600s capsterne, 1600s–1800s capstern, (1600s capstorm); γ. 1600s–1700s capstand; δ. 1600s–1700s capstall; see also capstring n. Etymology: either < French cabestan, also in 16th cent. capestan (Littré), or else directly from the source of the French, viz. Provençal cabestan, earlier cabestran (Catalan cabestrant, Spanish cabestrante, -estante, cabrestante, Portuguese cabrestante) < Latin capistrānt- present participle of capistrāre* (Provençal cabestrar), to halter, bind fast, fasten, < capistrum (Italian capestro, Spanish cabestro, Portuguese cabresto, Provençal cabestre, French chevêtre) halter, < capĕre to take hold of. The French cabestan is not known to us earlier than Palsgrave 1530; since the word occurs in English in 14th cent., it may have been learned from the shipmen of Marseilles or Barcelona at the time of the Crusades. In Portuguese, capistrum and its derivatives have the r transposed, cabresto ‘halter’, nautically ‘ropes, cables belonging to the bowsprit’, cabresteiro ‘halter-maker’, cabrestante; the last is also the approved form in modern literary Spanish; this form gave rise to the untenable conjecture that the derivation was < cabra goat + estante ‘standing’, ingeniously supported by the known application of the name of the goat in various languages (cabria, chèvre, bock, etc.), to various mechanical devices. The attempt to find a meaning in the word, in English, produced many popular perversions of the second element, as stain, stone, stand, stall, stern, storm, string. Other names were capstock, and cablestock. a. A piece of mechanism, working on the principle of the wheel and axle, on a vertical axis, the power being applied by movable bars or levers inserted in horizontal sockets made round the top, and pushed by men walking round, whereby the apparatus is made to revolve and wind up a cable round its cylinder or barrel; it is used especially on board ship for weighing the anchor, also for hoisting heavy sails, etc., and for raising weights out of quarries, mines, coal-pits (see gin n.¹), and the like. double capstan, one that has two barrels on different decks, so as to be worked by two sets of men. Phrases, to heave at the capstan, to man the capstan, to bring the cable to the capstan; to rig the capstan, to insert the bars, etc.; to pawl the capstan, to drop the pawls or catches into their sockets so as to prevent recoil, when heaving is stopped; to come up the capstan, to slacken the cable by lifting out the pawls and walking back; to surge the capstan, to slacken the rope while heaving so as to prevent riding or fouling. ΘΚΠ society > travel > travel by water > vessel, ship, or boat > equipment for moving ship over bar or shoal > [noun] > winch or capstan capstanc1400 winch1623 nigger1867 society > travel > travel by water > vessel, ship, or boat > equipment of vessel > other equipment of vessel > [noun] > capstan capstanc1400 α. forms capstan, -stain, -sten, -stone, -stang. c1400 (?c1380) Cleanness (1920) l. 418 Þe arc..with-outen..kable oþer capstan to clyppe to her ankrez. ?1518 Cocke Lorelles Bote sig. C.j Some wounde at y^e capstayne..Some stode at y^e slynge. 1530 J. Palsgrave Lesclarcissement 607/2 Let go your capestan ..laschez vostre cabestan. a1608 F. Vere Comm. (1657) 28 The Cap-stain being too strong for my men. 1615 Accts. St. John's Hosp., Canterbury (Canterbury Cathedral Archives: CCA-U13/5) A nyorne pynne for the capsten. a1618 W. Raleigh Disc. Invention Shipping 16 in Judicious & Select Ess. (1650) The weighing of Anchors by the Capstone is also new. 1622 R. Hawkins Observ. Voiage South Sea xxxvi. 88 With our Capsten [we] stretched the two byghtes. 1633 T. James Strange Voy. 25 Bringing the Cable to Capstang, to heaue in our Cable. 1706 Phillips's New World of Words (new ed.) Capstan, Capstand or Capstern..Come up Capstan, or Launce out the Capstan, when the Sea-men would have the Cable that they heave by slacked. 1730 J. T. Desaguliers in Philos. Trans. 1729–30 (Royal Soc.) 36 196 A Capstane, or upright Shaft, drawn round by Horses. 1832 C. Babbage Econ. Machinery & Manuf. (ed. 2) vii. 46 In mines, it is sometimes necessary to raise or lower great weights by capstans. β. forms capstern, -storm.1624 J. Smith Gen. Hist. Virginia i. 14 The men..were throwne from the Capstern, by the breaking of a barre.1670 J. Dryden & W. Davenant Shakespeare's Tempest i. 2 Hands down! man your main-Capstorm.1759 J. Wesley Wks. (1872) II. 521 The capstern of the ship.1769 W. Falconer Universal Dict. Marine (at cited word) To come up the capstern, is to let go the rope upon which they had been heaving.1836 F. Marryat Mr. Midshipman Easy I. xiii. 228 Mind you leave all your pistols on capstern.γ. form capstand.1616 J. Bullokar Eng. Expositor Capstand, an instrument to wind up things of great weight, some call it a Crane.1791 J. Smeaton Narr. Edystone Lighthouse §154 I tried them by a strain from the Capstand.δ. form capstall.1610 P. Holland tr. W. Camden Brit. i. 318 Enforced to worke their vessels to land by a Capstall or Crane.1714 R. Steele Lover (1723) 190 Anchors, Cables, Rudders..Capstals. b. (See quot. 1959.) ΘΚΠ society > communication > record > recording or reproducing sound or visual material > sound recording and reproduction > sound recording or reproducing equipment > [noun] > using tape > part of recording head1889 pinch wheel1898 capstan1948 deck1949 pinch roller1949 tape deck1949 pinch roll1953 stacked head1954 tape transport1954 1948 Sat. Rev. 28 Feb. 56 Tape..is usually capstan driven at constant linear speed. 1949 J. G. Frayne & H. Wolfe Elem. Sound Recording xxix. 580 The recording material is pulled by a capstan against which it is held by a roller. The capstan may be driven directly by a motor or by means of a belt drive. 1959 W. S. Sharps Dict. Cinematogr. 84 Capstan, in magnetic tape recording, this is the motor-controlled spindle surmounted by a roller which grips the tape and draws it past the sound head at constant speed. Compounds C1. Generalattributive. capstan-bar n. ΚΠ 1627 J. Smith Sea Gram. ii. 8 Holes thorow them, thorow which you put your Capstaine barres, for as many men as can stand at them to thrust it about, and is called manning the Capstaine. 1798 Capt. Miller in Ld. Nelson Dispatches & Lett. (1846) VII. Introd. 157 They dropped under the capstan-bars, and were asleep in a moment. capstan-barrel n. ΘΚΠ society > occupation and work > equipment > lifting or hoisting equipment > [noun] > winch or capstan > drum or barrel of barrel?1518 roller1609 turn-tree1653 turn-beam1679 tympanum1704 capstan-barrel1706 rope barrel1797 rope roll1811 1706 Phillips's New World of Words (new ed.) (at cited word) Capstan-barrel is the main part of the whole piece. capstan-headed adj. ΚΠ 1790 W. Roy in Philos. Trans. (Royal Soc.) 80 147 Capstan-headed screws. capstan-heaver n. ΚΠ 1791 J. Bentham Panopticon ii. 115 The capstern-heaver would be dead before the wheel-walker felt the sensation of fatigue. capstan labourer n. ΚΠ ?1881 Census Eng. & Wales: Instr. Clerks classifying Occupations & Ages (?1885) 94 Capstan labourer. capstan-man n. ΚΠ 1889 P. H. Emerson Eng. Idyls 67 On deck, a countryman who had shipped as capstan-man, was standing for'ard with the master. 1921 Dict. Occup. Terms (1927) §706 Capstan man.., moves trucks in goods depôt by depressing foot lever actuating automatic capstan. 1921 Dict. Occup. Terms (1927) §741 Capstan man, operates capstan,..allows capstan to revolve,..etc. 1921 Glasgow Herald 1 June 9 Cranemen, capstanmen, and others. C2. capstan-house n. see quot. ΚΠ 1809 C. Milward in Naval Chron. 22 309 The mess~room door of the capstan-house. 1863 P. Barry Dockyard Econ. 101 Capstan-houses. These are the houses in which capstans, anchor stocks, pump boxes, etc., are manufactured, repaired, and stored. capstan-swifter n. ‘a rope passed horizontally through notches in the outer ends of the bar..the intent is to steady the men, and to give room for a greater number to assist, by manning the swifters both within and without’ (Smyth). capstan table n. a round table on a column, often with a revolving top. ΘΚΠ society > inhabiting and dwelling > inhabited place > a building > furniture and fittings > table > [noun] > other tables dormant tablec1405 set board1512 chair-table1558 oyster table1559 brushing-table1575 stand board1580 table-chair1671 reading table1749 worktable1762 centre table1775 pier table1778 loo-table1789 screen table1793 social table1793 octoped1822 claw-table1832 bench table1838 mould1842 end table1851 pedestal table1858 picnic table1866 examining table1877 silver table1897 changing table1917 rent table1919 capstan table1927 conference table1928 tricoteuse1960 Parsons1962 overflow table1973 butcher's block1976 1927 Daily Tel. 31 May 4/1 An old English ‘capstan’ writing table. This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1888; most recently modified version published online March 2022). < n.c1400
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