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单词 capsule
释义

capsulen.adj.

Brit. /ˈkapsjuːl/, /ˈkapsjᵿl/, /ˈkaps(ə)l/, U.S. /ˈkæpsəl/, /ˈkæpˌs(j)ul/
Forms: Also 1600s capsul; and in Latin form capsula, plural .
Etymology: < French capsule, < Latin capsula small box or case, diminutive of capsa box, repository.
A. n.
1. gen. A little case or receptacle. Obsolete.
ΘΚΠ
society > occupation and work > equipment > receptacle or container > [noun] > small
capsule1652
cistula1699
microcapsule1961
1652 T. Urquhart Εκσκυβαλαυρον 118 Brought their disorderly raised spirits into their former capsuls.
1713 W. Derham Physico-theol. x. (note) 1 (R.) The little cases or capsules which contain the seed in this species [the fern].
2. Physiology. A membranous integument or envelope; a bag or sac. capsule of Tenon n. Tenon's capsule (Tenonian adj. at Tenon n.2 Derivatives).
ΘΚΠ
the world > life > biology > physical aspects or shapes > indentation or cavity > [noun] > depression or cavity
pita1275
holec1300
cella1398
den1398
follicle?a1425
purse?a1425
pocketa1450
fossac1475
cystis1543
trench1565
conceptory1576
vesike1577
vesicle1578
vault1594
socket1601
bladderet1615
cistern1615
cavern1626
ventricle1641
bladder1661
antrum1684
conceptaculum1691
capsule1693
cellule1694
loculus1694
sinus1704
vesicula1705
vesica1706
fosse1710
pouch1712
cyst1721
air chamber1725
fossula1733
alveole1739
sac1741
sacculus1749
locule1751
compartment1772
air cell1774
fossule1803
umbilicus1811
conceptacle1819
cœlia1820
utricle1822
air sac1835
saccule1836
ampulla1845
vacuole1853
scrobicule1880
faveolus1882
the world > life > the body > sense organ > sight organ > parts of sight organ > [noun] > eyeball > capsule enclosing
capsule of Tenon1867
Tenon's capsule1868
Tenonian fascia1891
1693 T. Urquhart & P. A. Motteux tr. F. Rabelais 3rd Bk. Wks. xxxi. 262 The left Capsul of the Heart.
1738 Med. Ess. & Observ. (ed. 2) IV. 193 When this Capsule is opened the Crystalline escapes.
1804 J. Abernethy Surg. Observ. 13 The tumour will..acquire for itself a kind of capsule.
1854 R. Owen Struct. Skeleton & Teeth in Orr's Circle Sci.: Org. Nature I. 167 The capsule of the eye-ball..is a fibrous membrane.
1866 T. H. Huxley Lessons Elem. Physiol. v The tubules [of the kidney]..terminate in dilatations..called Malpighian capsules.
1867 Amer. Jrnl. Med. Sci. July 241 The capsule of Tenon,..which incloses the whole eyeball, with the exception of the cornea, consists of two very different portions.
1884 H. R. Swanzy Handbk. Dis. Eye xxii. 414 Capsulitis, or Inflammation of the Capsule of Tenon, is an affection concerning the occurrence of which there is some doubt.
1964 S. Duke-Elder Parsons' Dis. Eye (ed. 14) x. 112 At the time of an operation after the capsule of Tenon has been opened.
3. Botany (a) A dry dehiscent seed-vessel, containing one or more cells, and opening when ripe by the separation of its valves. (b) Applied to certain kinds of perithecia or receptacles in Fungi.
ΘΚΠ
the world > plants > particular plants > fungi > [noun] > parts of > reproductive parts
capsule1693
perithecium1800
aecidium1821
hymenium1830
pseudoperidium1832
pseudoperithecium1832
disc1842
trichidium1842
spicule1843
sporophore1849
stylospore1851
pycnide1856
cyst1857
pycnidium1857
basidium1858
cystidium1858
basidiospore1859
conidium1861
pollinarium1861
gonosphere1865
hymenophorum1866
spicula1866
teleutospore1866
promycelium1867
gonosphaerium1873
hymenophore1874
paracyst1874
sterigma1874
pollinodium1875
scolecite1875
uredospore1875
metuloid1879
operculum1879
uredo1879
aecidiospore1880
pycnidiospore1880
uredo-fruit1882
chlamydospore1884
teleutosorus1884
fruitcake1885
ascocarp1887
periplasm1887
pycnospore1887
pyrenocarp1887
macrostylospore1894
autobasidium1895
oidium1895
zygophore1904
aeciospore1905
aecium1905
pycniospore1905
teliospore1905
telium1905
uredinium1905
uredosorus1905
fruit-body1912
sporodochium1913
probasidium1916
fruiting body1918
pycnium1926
holobasidium1928
protoperithecium1937
uredium1937
the world > plants > part of plant > reproductive part(s) > seed > seed-vessel or pericarp > [noun] > capsule
heada1398
boll?a1500
bladder1578
bollen1578
bullion1589
bob1615
hive1665
seed box1677
capsule1693
amphora1821
pyxis1821
pyxidium1832
pore capsule1878
1693 A. van Leeuwenhoek in Philos. Trans. (Royal Soc.) 17 706 So soon as the Capsula breaks upon the ripening of the Seed.
1796 W. Withering Bot. Arrangem. Brit. Plants (ed. 3) I. 96 (caption) A Capsule with two boat-shaped Valves, and one Cell;..the Valves opening length-ways.
1830 J. Lindley Introd. Nat. Syst. Bot. 182 The dehiscence of their capsule.
1874 J. Lubbock Wild Flowers iii. 77 The seed capsules, when ripe, burst open if touched.
4. Chemistry. A shallow saucer, for roasting samples of ores, or for evaporating.
ΘΚΠ
the world > matter > chemistry > equipment or apparatus > [noun] > general vessels > others
aludela1400
sublimatoryc1405
rotumbea1475
capel1527
firepot1595
digestory1676
digester1681
capsule1727
pneumatic trough1800
receiver1808
collector1860
cartridge1920
1727 R. Bradley Chomel's Dictionaire Oeconomique (Dublin ed.) at Distilling Two Bars of Iron..to support the Retort or Capsula.
1728 E. Chambers Cycl. Capsula, in Chymistry, is an Earthen Vessel, in form of a Pan; wherein things are frequently plac'd, that are to undergo very violent Operations of the Fire.
1853 W. Gregory Inorg. Chem. 181 If we heat a capsule of platinum a little beyond 212°, and drop water into it.
1873 W. Lees Acoustics iii. v. 111 A small capsule containing water.
5. Medicine. A small envelope of gelatine to enclose a dose of nauseous medicine.
ΘΚΠ
the world > health and disease > healing > medicines or physic > medicines of specific form > pills, tablets, etc. > [noun] > capsule
wafer1848
pearl1872
capsule1875
cachet1884
perle1887
tabloid1887
jelloid1898
wafer-cachet1898
Caplet1937
cap1942
Spansule1954
1875 H. C. Wood Treat. Therapeutics (1879) 503 When patients object to the taste, the drug may be given in gelatine capsules.
6. A metallic cap or cover for a bottle.
ΘΚΠ
the world > space > relative position > closed or shut condition > that which or one who closes or shuts > [noun] > closure for a vessel, tube, etc. > lid > types of
pot-lid1404
paten-bred1501
buckler1674
Moor's head1677
screw top1697
sarpush1698
Moor-head1712
saucepan lid1801
screw cap1806
pan lid1841
capsule1858
shutter-front1887
crown cap1898
shutter-lid1901
kettle-lid1903
under-lid1907
1858 in P. L. Simmonds Dict. Trade Products
7. A percussion cap; the shell of a metallic cartridge. [French.] (In modern dictionaries.)
8. (a) A pressurized compartment in an aircraft, also used for an emergency escape. (b) The detachable nose-cone of a rocket or space missile for carrying an astronaut, instruments for recording and transmitting scientific data, etc. Originally U.S.
ΘΚΠ
society > travel > air or space travel > a means of conveyance through the air > spacecraft > [noun] > module or capsule
landing craft1940
ferry1951
capsule1954
space capsule1954
module1961
service module1961
Lem1962
moonbug1963
society > travel > air or space travel > a means of conveyance through the air > aeroplane > parts of aircraft > [noun] > fuselage > pressurized compartment for emergency escape
capsule1954
1954 M. Caidin Worlds in Space v. 105 The ship could be controlled from within the sealed capsules.
1955 Sci. News Let. 11 June 377/3 An escape capsule for pilots flying supersonic aircraft..has been patented.
1958 Wall St. Jrnl. 9 Oct. 1/3 Later efforts would be made to send a man, again encased in a pressurized capsule, circling the earth for 24 hours.
1959 Daily Tel. 23 Feb. 11/6 For the space pilot..there must be the ability, in emergency, to eject the whole capsule in which one sits.
1959 Listener 17 Sept. 440/1 The first American space capsule.
1964 Ann. Reg. 1963 185 Because of a fault in some of the automatic control equipment he had had to control the Mercury capsule manually during the critical period of re-entry into the earth's atmosphere.
1968 Times 10 Dec. 6/8 Solar telescopes which can be linked up in space to an Apollo capsule.
B. adj.
Brief, condensed, compressed; small and compact. Originally U.S.
ΘΚΠ
society > leisure > the arts > literature > style of language or writing > conciseness > [adjective] > compressed
contract1561
cutted1565
curtal1579
contracted1595
astrict1631
compressed1822
condensed1823
syncopated1897
capsule1938
society > leisure > the arts > literature > prose > non-fiction > summary or epitome > [adjective] > compendious
compendious1388
compendiary1609
comprehensive1662
polymicrian1829
capsule1938
1938 in J. Beatty Saturday Rev. Gallery (1959) 279 One of those capsule biographies of the author that sometimes appear on the jackets of detective stories.
1944 Amer. Notes & Queries June 42/2 (heading) Capsule language for fighting men.
1953 R. Stout Golden Spiders 55 An estimated million and a quarter New Yorkers got an impressive capsule demonstration of the might of American armed forces.
1955 O. Keepnews & W. Grauer Pict. Hist. Jazz xiv. 149 It's not so much a Kansas City ‘style’ as a capsule history of jazz in one town.
1958 Vogue May 199/1 Really a capsule wardrobe in itself, she chose it for its..blue and white blazer.

Draft additions October 2011

[After German Kapsel (1883 in the source of quot. 1883).] Microbiology. A layer of material (typically polysaccharide, sometimes protein) surrounding the cell wall of many bacteria, the presence of which may correlate with enhanced virulence in certain pathogenic species. Also: a similar layer in certain fungi.
ΘΚΠ
the world > plants > particular plants > fungi > [noun] > parts of > cells and tissue
chive1721
spawn1731
mushroom spawn1753
volva1753
ring1777
veil1777
curtain1796
wrapper1796
fungin1813
subiculum1821
cortina1832
velum1832
mycelium1836
uterus1836
gleba1847
hypostroma1855
sulcus1856
rhizopod1859
tigellule1860
trichophore1860
hypha1866
hypothecium1866
rhizopodium1866
annulus1871
capillitium1871
acervulus1872
weft1875
capsule1883
clamp-connection1887
periphysis1887
chain gemma1893
trumpet hypha1900
metula1915
monokaryon1935
the world > life > biology > organism > micro-organism > bacterium > [noun] > part of
capsule1883
conidium1925
macroconidium1930
nucleoid1938
muramic acid1957
mucopeptide1959
mesosome1960
rhapidosome1963
murein1964
peptidoglycan1966
1883 Brit. Med. Jrnl. 29 Dec. 1298/1 Friedländer..now describes the micrococcus of pneumonia to have, under certain conditions and at certain stages, a distinct capsule.
1922 J. E. Greaves Agric. Bacteriol. iii. 43 Many bacteria possess a capsule which is an outgrowth of the cell membrane and is composed of mucin.
1938 Times 17 June 17/3 The pneumonococcus..possesses a capsule or shell which, it has been supposed, serves to protect it against attacks by white blood corpuscles.
1973 Mycologia 65 365 Benham in her review of the yeast genus Cryptococcus pointed out that the capsule is the most outstanding characteristic of this genus.
2002 M. Wilson et al. Bacterial Dis. Mechanisms i. 11 Some strains of H. influenzae (those possessing particular types of capsule) may cause life-threatening infections such as meningitis.
This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1888; most recently modified version published online June 2022).

capsulev.

Etymology: < capsule n.Previous versions of the OED give the stress as: ˈcapsule.
transitive. To furnish or close (a bottle, etc.) with a capsule or metallic cover.

Derivatives

ˈcapsuled adj.
ΘΚΠ
the world > space > relative position > closed or shut condition > that which or one who closes or shuts > [adjective] > having a lid > specific
screw-capped1849
screw-down1849
screw-topped1858
capsuled1859
1859 All Year Round 19 Nov. 77 Any patent capsuled colour tubes.
ˈcapsuling n.
ΘΚΠ
the world > space > relative position > closed or shut condition > [noun] > closing or shutting > closing up a vessel > in specific way
corking1650
capsuling1886
1886 Brit. Manuf. Export Jrnl. 1 Oct. The necessity for wiring, sealing, or capsuling.
This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1888; most recently modified version published online June 2019).
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n.adj.1652v.1859
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