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单词 carman
释义

carmann.1

Forms:

α. late Old English–early Middle English carlman.

β. Middle English careman, Middle English carman, Middle English carmanne, Middle English karemon.

Origin: A borrowing from early Scandinavian.
Etymology: < early Scandinavian (compare Old Icelandic karlmann- , karlmaðr , also karmaðr man, adult male human being, Old Danish karman , karlman ) < the Scandinavian base of Old Icelandic karl carl n.1 + the Scandinavian base of Old Icelandic maðr man n.1 Compare later carl n.1 and late Old English (rare) carlfugol male bird ( < early Scandinavian; compare Old Icelandic karlfugl ). Compare also buscarl n., housecarl n.Also attested early as a surname, Robertus Karleman (1279), which perhaps reflects use of the word as a personal name; compare earlier Hamo filius Karlman (1201) and the Old High German male personal name Carlman . Earlier currency of the β. forms may be implied by the surname evidence cited at car n.1 (see discussion at that entry). Compare (cognate with or similarly formed to the Scandinavian compound) Old Frisian tzereman , tzerman man, and the Old High German personal name cited above. Compare also (in different sense) Middle Low German kerlmann man of low status (rare) and late Old English ceorlmann , early Middle English cherlman man of the rank of ceorl, freeman of the lowest class, peasant ( < churl n. + man n.1), only attested in Latin contexts and perhaps only in historical use; however, wider currency in English may be implied by the surname Thom. Cherlman (1322) and the field name Churlmannesputte, Hampshire (c1350).
Obsolete.
A man, an adult male.
ΘΚΠ
the world > people > person > man > [noun]
churla800
werec900
rinkeOE
wapmanc950
heOE
wyeOE
gomeOE
ledeOE
seggeOE
shalkOE
manOE
carmanlOE
mother bairnc1225
hemea1250
mother sona1250
hind1297
buck1303
mister mana1325
piecec1325
groomc1330
man of mouldc1330
hathela1350
sire1362
malea1382
fellowa1393
guestc1394
sergeant?a1400
tailarda1400
tulka1400
harlotc1405
mother's sona1470
frekea1475
her1488
masculinea1500
gentlemana1513
horse?a1513
mutton?a1513
merchant1549
child1551
dick1553
sorrya1555
knavea1556
dandiprat1556
cove1567
rat1571
manling1573
bird1575
stone-horse1580
loona1586
shaver1592
slave1592
copemate1593
tit1594
dog1597
hima1599
prick1598
dingle-dangle1605
jade1608
dildoa1616
Roger1631
Johnny1648
boy1651
cod1653
cully1676
son of a bitch1697
cull1698
feller1699
chap1704
buff1708
son of a gun1708
buffer1749
codger1750
Mr1753
he-man1758
fella1778
gilla1790
gloak1795
joker1811
gory1819
covey1821
chappie1822
Charley1825
hombre1832
brother-man1839
rooster1840
blokie1841
hoss1843
Joe1846
guy1847
plug1848
chal1851
rye1851
omee1859
bloke1861
guffin1862
gadgie1865
mug1865
kerel1873
stiff1882
snoozer1884
geezer1885
josser1886
dude1895
gazabo1896
jasper1896
prairie dog1897
sport1897
crow-eater1899
papa1903
gink1906
stud1909
scout1912
head1913
beezer1914
jeff1917
pisser1918
bimbo1919
bozo1920
gee1921
mush1936
rye mush1936
basher1942
okie1943
mugger1945
cat1946
ou1949
tess1952
oke1970
bra1974
muzhik1993
α.
lOE Anglo-Saxon Chron. (Laud) anno 1086 Gif hwilc carlman hæmde wið wimman hire unðances, sona he forleas þa limu þe he mid pleagode.
?a1160 Anglo-Saxon Chron. (Laud) (Peterborough contin.) anno 1137 Þa namen hi þa men þe hi wenden ðat ani god hefden,..carlmen & wimmen,..& pined heom efter gold & syluer untellendlice pining.
β. a1400 (c1300) Northern Homily: Serm. on Gospels (Coll. Phys.) in Middle Eng. Dict. at car-man Simeon hiht þe carmanne, And þe womman was cald dam anne.a1400 (a1325) Cursor Mundi (Vesp.) 27166 Quat man he es þat did þe sin, Þat es, quar he carman be, Woman or barn, or thral or fre.?a1400 Morte Arth. 957 Carefulle caremane, thow carpez to lowde.c1450 Pistel of Swete Susan (Calig.) 249 Sche fylle flatte on þe flore, hyr fere when sche fonde, And karpyd to þat karemon.
This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, December 2012; most recently modified version published online December 2020).

carmann.2

Brit. /ˈkɑːmən/, U.S. /ˈkɑrmən/
Forms: see car n.1 and man n.1
Origin: Formed within English, by compounding. Etymons: car n.1, man n.1
Etymology: < car n.1 + man n.1 Compare earlier carter n.1Perhaps attested earlier as a surname: see discussion at car n.1
1. A man who drives a car (in various senses), esp. a carter, a carrier. Now rare.
ΘΚΠ
society > travel > transport > transport or conveyance in a vehicle > driving or operating a vehicle > driver or operator of vehicle > [noun] > driver of cart
cartera1250
carman1460
plaustrary1592
cart-driver1611
cart-man1719
1460 in J. T. Gilbert Cal. Anc. Rec. Dublin (1889) I. 306 (MED) All carterys and carmen that usyth to drawe dung out of the towne.
1483 W. Caxton tr. J. de Voragine Golden Legende f. lviij Late vs synge to our lord he is magnefied he hath ouerthrowen the horsmen & carre men in the see.
?1565 A. Hartwell in tr. W. Haddon Sight of Portugall Pearle sig. Aiii If I should beginne with your beginning..and call you as you call your selfe, a morter maker, a durte dawber, a carman or basketbearer.
1574 J. Baret Aluearie C 141 A carman or carter.
1616 B. Jonson Every Man in his Humor (rev. ed.) i. ii, in Wks. I. 34 Serue.., in Thames-street, or at Custome-house key, in a ciuill warre, against the car-men.
1663 B. Gerbier Counsel to Builders 26 That no Car-men turne or tumble down their Bricks.
1735 in Swift's Lett. (1768) IV. 141 I promise..to send the paper by the carman.
1782 Parker's Gen. Advertiser 23 Oct. This great metropolis is abandoned to..car owners, master porters, and carmen.
1802 D. Wordsworth Grasmere Jrnls. 14 Feb. (1991) 68 I met a Carman, a High(land)er I suppose, with 4 Carts.
1880 Times 15 Nov. 6/2 The carman who drove me..to Ballinroe.
1923 Weekly Disp. 30 Sept. 3 It was stated that a ‘trouncer’ was a coal carman's assistant.
1978 Evening Telegram (St. John's, Newfoundland) 19 Sept. 6 He [took down] the name of the carman.
2. A member of a Company of the City of London concerned with transportation. Usually in plural.
ΘΚΠ
society > society and the community > social relations > an association, society, or organization > types of association, society, or organization > [noun] > livery company > member of specific company
carman1601
foins-bachelor1681
1601 in Acts Privy Council (1907) XXXIII. 421 Wee have very lately receaved a letter..renuinge a former informacion and complainte againste the great abuses and misgovernement of the Companie of Carremen in the citty of London.
a1675 B. Whitelocke Memorials Eng. Affairs (1682) anno 1649 435/2 Vote that the Carmen be a distinct Company from the Woodmongers, subject to the Government of the City of London.
1733 Polit. State Great Brit. May 460 The Company of Carmen brought an Action in the Name of the Chamberlain of London against Mr. Hugh Dennison, Woodmonger by the Ditchside, for using a Cart contrary to the said Act.
1887 Whitaker's Almanack 309 The fee for taking up freedom by purchase in the Carmen's Company is £9 15s.
1945 Rotarian Apr. 46/2 Rotarian L. W. Gupwell, of Birmingham, England, was recently elected a Liveryman of the Worshipful Company of Carmen, London, which automatically makes him a Freeman of the City of London.
2011 D. Lowe Lowe's Transport Manager's & Operator's Handbk. (ed. 41) p. xix He is a Chartered Fellow of the Chartered Institute of Logistics and Transport, a Freeman of the City of London and a Freeman of the Worshipful Company of Carmen.
This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, December 2012; most recently modified version published online December 2021).
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