castn.
/kɑːst/, /kast/, U.S. /kæst/ I. The act of casting or throwing (simply).† 2. The delivery of a blow, a stroke. Obsolete.† 8. cast of the hand: a helping turn. Scottish. Obsolete.† 10. Said of a bow: ? Casting power, ? elasticity, ? flexibility. Obsolete. Cf. casting adj. 1a.
1. figurative.1664 N. Ingelo Bentivolio & Urania: 2nd Pt. v. 35 It is a cast beyond Laughter to see..how proud they grow.
a. A throw of a missile, a bowl, or other object.
ΘΚΠ
the world > movement > impelling or driving > projecting through space or throwing > [noun] > an act of
wurpc950
cast1382
sling1530
throw1530
fling1590
pick1627
heave1640
toss1660
society > armed hostility > military equipment > operation and use of weapons > action of propelling missile > [noun] > instance of
shutec1000
cast1382
delivery1588
1382 Bible (Wycliffite, E.V.) Num. xxxv. 17 If a stoon he throwe, and with the cast [a1425 L.V. strook] sleeth.
c1425 Wyntoun Cron. viii. xxxii. 140 The fyrst kast that it [the engyne] kest, bot ane, It hyt the towre a mery strak.
1565–78 T. Cooper Thesaurus Iactus, a throwe..or cast.
1609 C. Butler Feminine Monarchie i. sig. A8 One or other spying him..will haue a cast at him.
1756 Connoisseur No. 129 At bowls, if any one is near winning the game, he never fails, in the next cast, to mistake his bias.
1860 R. W. Emerson Power in Conduct of Life (London ed.) 53 The opponent has the sun and wind, and, in every cast, the choice of weapon and mark.
1868 Daily Tel. 7 Sept. Counting a cast with the right hand and another with left as one throw.
b. Considered, as a performance, with reference to its quality. measuring cast n. a competitive throw at a mark in which the results are so close as to require measurement.
ΘΚΠ
society > leisure > sport > types of play, actions, or postures > [noun] > actions
exchange1604
measuring cast1647
winner1811
glovework1822
piledriver1858
cockshot1861
legwork1868
footwork1871
winning stroke1884
teamwork1885
benching1904
three-sixty1927
wrong-footing1928
power play1932
major1951
sharpshooting1976
c1450 (c1400) Sowdon of Babylon (1881) l. 2603 The shotte, the caste was so stronge Syr Bryer was slayn there.
1567 T. Harman Caueat for Commen Cursetors (new ed.) sig. Di They coulde not agree vpon a cast.
1647 T. Fuller Good Thoughts in Worse Times ii. iii. 57 Is it a measuring cast whether it be lawfull or no?
1655 T. Fuller Church-hist. Brit. vii. 407 Yet was their precedencie no measuring cast, but clear in the view of any unpartiall eye.
1676 W. Wycherley Plain-dealer i. i. 4 My Brother and I were quarrelling about a Cast.
1816 W. Scott Antiquary II. xiv. 342 The disputed cast was a drawn one.
c. The distance which anything can be thrown.
ΘΚΠ
the world > space > distance > [noun] > limit of distance or reach > to which a thing may be thrown
cast1387
a quoit's castc1425
penny-stone cast1487
throw1553
a quoit's distance1644
the world > movement > impelling or driving > projecting through space or throwing > [noun] > distance to which anything may be thrown
cast1387
throw1553
quoit1858
1387 J. Trevisa tr. R. Higden Polychron. (1865) I. 215 Pilers as hiȝ as a stones cast.
c1400 Mandeville's Trav. viii. 92 A Stones cast fro that Chapelle, is another Chapelle.
1611 Bible (King James) Luke xxii. 41 He was withdrawen from them about a stones cast . View more context for this quotation
1671 Philos. Trans. (Royal Soc.) 6 2102 Sinking from cast to cast, (i.e. as high as a man can conveniently throw up the Ore with a shovel).
1870 W. C. Bryant tr. Homer Iliad II. xxiii. 344 He fell as far behind As a quoit's cast.
d. Manner or way of throwing (e.g. seed).
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the world > movement > impelling or driving > projecting through space or throwing > [noun] > manner of throwing
cast1677
1677 R. Plot Nat. Hist. Oxford-shire 246 In Sowing they have their several methods, viz., the single Cast, the double Cast.
1707 J. Mortimer Whole Art Husbandry 49 Some..sow Wheat or Rye..with a broad cast: Some only with a single cast.
ΘΚΠ
the world > movement > impact > striking > [noun] > delivery of blow
liverya1375
castc1420
duncha1500
braidc1500
strike1587
Cf. 1382 in 1. ]
c1420 Anturs of Arth. xlviii With a cast of the car-honde.
1530 J. Palsgrave Lesclarcissement 563/1 He had thought to gyue me a caste with a horse combe.
3.
a. spec. A throw of dice; the achievement of the throw. Phrase, to set, stake upon a cast.
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society > leisure > entertainment > pastimes > game > games of chance > dice-playing > [noun] > throw
cast1509
throw1538
roll1900
1509 A. Barclay Brant's Shyp of Folys (Pynson) f. cxvi That playeth for mony..And on his felawes cast takyth onely hede.
1597 W. Shakespeare Richard III v. vii. 9 I haue set my life vpon a cast . View more context for this quotation
1611 J. Speed Hist. Great Brit. ix. xviii. 704/2 Here is a gay goodly cast, foule cast away for hast.
1641 J. Milton Of Reformation 40 'Tis no winning cast.
1649 J. Milton Observations in Articles of Peace with Irish Rebels 64 The rare game likely to ensue from such a cast of his Cards.
1777 W. Robertson Hist. Amer. (1783) II. 187 Their clothes, their arms, are staked..upon a single cast.
1820 Hoyle's Games Improved 303 To hit the one, that cast [of dice] must be eight.
b. figurative.
ΚΠ
a1300 Cursor Mundi 25480 On domesdai be-for iustise, þar all es casten on a cast.
1692 R. Bentley Boyle Lect. v. 24 It is down-right madness to ascribe the Formation of Human Bodies to a Cast of this Chance.
1762 L. Sterne Life Tristram Shandy V. xvi. 71 I was my father's last stake—..he had been unfortunate in his three first great casts for me.
1855 T. B. Macaulay Hist. Eng. III. 423 Neither Rosen nor Schomberg wished to put every thing on a cast.
1879 J. A. Froude Cæsar xxv. 430 It was the last cast of the dice for the old party of the aristocracy.
4. † b. Hence (or from 3), at the last cast: at the last shift, in extremities, near to death or ruin.
a. A throw or stroke of fortune; hence, fortune, chance, opportunity; lot, fate. Obsolete or dialect.
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the world > existence and causation > causation > chance or causelessness > [noun] > fortune or luck
sitheOE
hapc1275
fortunea1300
timingc1300
thriftc1305
speeda1325
casta1400
venturea1450
issuec1475
luck1481
success1548
speeding1573
chancing1583
potluck1592
ship1851
joss1913
a1400 (a1325) Cursor Mundi (Vesp.) l. 6205 Him suld þan to reu his cast þat þis folk was fra him past.
c1450 Erle Tolous 452 To reste hym there he toke hys caste.
a1522 G. Douglas tr. Virgil Æneid (1959) ix. v. 14 Glaid of this cast, seand thair tyme maste gane.
a1605 A. Montgomerie Flyting with Polwart 340 Cauld be her cast.
1722 W. Hamilton Life of Sir William Wallace xii. iv. 323 Black be their Cast great Rogues.
1820 W. Scott Monastery I. iv. 152 Before the death of Walter Avenel, haly be his cast!
1871 R. Browning Balaustion 125 Now that one cast of fortune changes all!
ΘΚΠ
the world > action or operation > difficulty > [phrase] > in a difficult position > in straits > in extreme difficulty
at the last castc1449
at a or to the bay1596
c1449 R. Pecock Repressor (1860) 338 Into tyme he be at his last cast.
1549–62 T. Sternhold & J. Hopkins Whole Bk. Psalms (1583) cxix. 93 Thou hast my lyfe restor'd When I was at last cast.
1615 Bp. M. Smith in G. Babington Wks. Pref. sig. A6v Hauing the plague about him, and being at the last cast.
1617 S. Collins Epphata to F. T. 540 I returne to him, who is now at his last casts.
1700 J. Welwood Mem. Material Trans. 251 As the last Cast for their Liberty they applied to the Prince of Orange.
5.
a. A throw of the sounding-lead, of a fishing-line, net, dredge, etc.
ΘΚΠ
society > travel > travel by water > other nautical operations > [noun] > sounding depth > an act of
sound1584
cast1616
the world > food and drink > hunting > fishing > type or method of fishing > [noun] > fishing with net > cast of net
throw1548
shooting1603
cast1616
shot1859
1616 B. Jonson Forrest ii. 35 in Wks. I Carps, that runne into thy net. And pikes,..As loth, the second draught, or cast to stay.
a1661 T. Fuller Worthies (1662) Devon 272 The next cast shall be no less than fourteen or fifteen fathome water.
1805 A. Duncan Mariner's Chron. III. 290 We had less water every cast of the lead.
1824 W. Scott Redgauntlet I. vi. 125 He couldna help taking a cast [with the fishing rod].
1863 W. F. Campbell & J. F. Campbell Life in Normandy II. 205 He had not made above half a dozen casts before he called out ‘I have one!’
1864 J. H. Burton Scot Abroad I. ii. 99 The right to a cast of a net was a feudal privilege.
1868 Carpenter in Sci. Opin. (1869) 6 Jan. 175/1 A cast of the dredge was therefore taken at this point.
b. That which is so cast, or used in casting; now spec. in Angling.
ΘΚΠ
the world > movement > impelling or driving > projecting through space or throwing > [noun] > throwing missiles > a projectile
cast1556
projectile1654
missile1656
forthcast1674
trajectile1860
trajectory1861
bird1913
the world > food and drink > hunting > fishing > type or method of fishing > [noun] > angling > type of casting > something used in casting
cast1883
1556 J. Heywood Spider & Flie iv. 27 In eche weake place is wouen a weauing cast.
1883 Cent. Mag. 378 Very killing flies, and a cast admirably suited to the state of the water.
1887 Illustr. London News 2 July 27/1 It is a mistake to coil up the fly casts in the tackle book.
c. Angling. A spot suited for casting the line.
ΘΚΠ
the world > food and drink > hunting > fishing > type or method of fishing > [noun] > angling > type of casting > place for casting
cast1823
1823 W. Scott Peveril I. x. 263 He chose..with an angler's eye, the most promising casts.
1872 F. Francis Bk. Angling (ed. 3) i. 38 It is so easy to pass good casts.
6. A throwing or turning of the eye in any direction; a glance, a look, expression. ? Obsolete.
ΘΚΠ
the world > physical sensation > sight and vision > a look or glance > [noun]
eie wurpc950
laitc1175
looka1200
lecha1250
sightc1275
insighta1375
blushc1390
castc1400
glentc1400
blenkc1440
regardc1450
ray1531
view1546
beam of sight1579
eye-beam1583
eyewink1591
blink1594
aspecta1616
benda1616
eyeshot1615
eye-casta1669
twire1676
ken1736
Magdalene-look1752
glimmering1759
deek1833
wink1847
deck1853
vision1855
pipe1865
skeg1876
dekko1894
screw1904
slant1911
gander1914
squiz1916
butcher's hook1934
butcher's1936
gawk1940
bo-peep1941
nose1976
c1400 (?c1380) Cleanness (1920) l. 768 He conueyen hym con with cast of his yȝe.
1631 W. Gouge Gods Three Arrowes i. §41. 66 Passion will soone manifest itselfe..by a fierce cast of his eyes.
1645 J. Milton Il Penseroso in Poems 38 With a sad Leaden downward cast.
1661 G. Rust Let. conc. Origen in Phœnix (1721) I. 5 A direct View of him without so oblique a Cast upon his Opinions.
1768 L. Sterne Sentimental Journey I. 161 I had given a cast with my eye into half a dozen shops.
7. A ‘lift’ in a conveyance, given to one to put him forward on his way. Also figurative.
ΘΚΠ
society > travel > transport > transport or conveyance in a vehicle > [noun] > by passing vehicle
cast1630
lift1712
set-down1727
1630 J. Taylor Cast over Water in Wks. 162 I o'r the Water will giue thee A Cast.
1740 S. Richardson Pamela II. 88 If..you are for the Village, I'll give you a Cast.
1787 Gentleman's Mag. Sept. 819/2 They met with some good-natured waggoners, who gave them a cast.
1822 New Monthly Mag. 4 103 I should get a cast to Newbury by one of the mails.
1885 L. B. Walford Nan II. 26 So you can't give a cast to this lassie? Well, I must take her on myself.
ΚΠ
1637 S. Rutherford Lett. (1848) cxcvii. 387 A right cast of his holy and gracious hand.
1775 Guthrie's Trial 82 To delay their soul-business, hoping for such a cast of Christ's hand in the end.
9. figurative. ‘A stroke, a touch’ (Johnson), specimen, ‘taste’. esp. a cast of one's office.
ΘΚΠ
society > communication > indication > [noun] > an indication or sign > slight
sparklec1380
odourc1384
smell?a1505
savour?1531
casta1556
obumbrationa1631
smite1640
subindication1655
smattering1764
whiff1872
breath1873
the world > relative properties > kind or sort > individual character or quality > an individual case or instance > [noun] > typical or representative case > part as representative of the whole > sample or specimen
taste1390
muster1400
sample1428
scantillon1465
say1525
casta1556
assay1581
show1582
shave1604
trial1612
essay1614
pattern1648
trial-piece1663
dasha1672
swatch1697
spice1790
sampler1823
a1556 N. Udall Ralph Roister Doister (?1566) i. ii. sig. B.jv Shall I go call your folkes, that ye may shewe a cast?
1575 Laneham in J. Nichols Progresses Queen Elizabeth I. 418 Bringing with them a cast of their office, by courtly mean.
1589 R. Greene Menaphon sig. F Shew vs a cast of your cunning.
1627 R. Sanderson Ten Serm. 276 Doe not shew a cast of thy office, for the promise or hope of a reward.
1673 Answer to Seasonable Disc. 4 This Dutchman has scribled and thrown amongst us (as a cast of his office) this bone of Division.
1676 W. Wycherley Plain-dealer (1678) iv. i. 53 If you hate Verses, I'll give you a cast of my Politics in Prose.
1699 R. Bentley Diss. Epist. Phalaris (new ed.) 360 To receive this as a Cast of his Rhetoric.
1749 J. Wesley Wks. (1872) IX. 12 Now, Sir, give us a cast of your office.
1832 W. Hamilton in Edinb. Rev. July 470 Whose only cast of surgery is blood-letting.
ΚΠ
1545 R. Ascham Toxophilus i. f. 3 Two bowes that I haue, wherof the one is quicke of cast, tricke, and trimme both for pleasure and profyte: the other is a lugge slowe of cast, folowing the string.
1545 R. Ascham Toxophilus ii. f. 7 A faste and harde woode..stronge and myghtye of cast, and best for a bow.
II. The act of throwing down, off, etc.† 12. Bringing forth young, laying of eggs. ? Obsolete.
11. A throw in wrestling; a fall; an overthrow or defeat. archaic.
ΘΚΠ
the world > action or operation > failure or lack of success > defeat or overthrow > [noun]
fallOE
confusionc1290
discomfiturea1400
castc1400
overthrowc1440
confoundinga1450
jeofail1546
prostitution1567
lurch1584
worsting1607
unhorsing1608
supplantation1617
defeat1676
overset1789
punishment1811
overthrowal1862
beating1883
unhorsement1884
whoop-ass1974
society > leisure > sport > types of sport or game > fighting sports > wrestling > [noun] > manoeuvres
swengOE
turn?c1225
castc1400
trip1412
fall?a1425
foil1553
collar1581
lock1598
faulx1602
fore-hip1602
forward1602
inturn1602
mare1602
hug1617
disembracement1663
buttock1688
throw1698
back-lock1713
cross-buttock1713
flying horse1713
in holds1713
buttocker1823
chip1823
dogfall1823
cross-buttocker1827
hitch1834
bear hug1837
backfall1838
stop1840
armlock1841
side hug1842
click1846
catch-hold1849
back-breaker1867
back-click1867
snap1868
hank1870
nelson1873
headlock1876
chokehold1886
stranglehold1886
hip lock1888
heave1889
strangle1890
pinfall1894
strangler's grip1895
underhold1895
hammer-lock1897
scissor hold1897
body slam1899
scissors hold1899
armbar1901
body scissors1903
scissors grip1904
waist-hold1904
neck hold1905
scissors1909
hipe1914
oshi1940
oshi-dashi1940
oshi-taoshi1940
pindown1948
lift1958
whip1958
Boston crab1961
grapevine1968
powerbomb1990
the world > movement > motion in a certain direction > downward motion > falling > [noun] > falling down or from erect position (animates)
falla1400
ruin1483
tumbling?1523
cast1530
tumble1716
spilla1845
c1400 Gamelyn 248 Shal it be holde for a cast?
1487 (a1380) J. Barbour Bruce (St. John's Cambr.) xiv. 321 He thoucht ȝeit to cowir his cast.
1530 J. Palsgrave Lesclarcissement 179 Sombresault, a tumblyng caste.
a1607 Descr. Cleveland in Topog. & Geneal. (1853) II. 410 Not without hazard of a breaknecke tumblinge caste.
ΘΚΠ
the world > animals > animal body > general parts > sexual organs and reproduction > [noun] > bringing forth young
breeding1387
whelping1398
broodc1440
feture?1440
litterc1440
littering1542
fall1593
litterage1601
cast1646
the world > animals > animal body > general parts > sexual organs and reproduction > [noun] > bringing forth young > laying an egg
cast1646
ovation1656
partion1656
oviposition1815
ovipositing1887
egging1905
1646 Sir T. Browne Pseudodoxia Epidemica 149 After the first cast, there remaine successive conceptions. View more context for this quotation
III. What is thrown; the quantity thrown.† 17. † b. (?) A standard size or quantity of wood in a billet. Obsolete.
13. A throwing (of anything); the quantity thrown.
ΘΚΠ
the world > movement > impelling or driving > projecting through space or throwing > [noun] > quantity thrown
casta1475
the world > relative properties > quantity > [noun] > a definite or specified quantity or amount > specific quantities or amounts > quantity scooped, thrown, lifted, etc.
lifta1400
casta1475
draught1740
pouring1768
draw1830
scoop1832
pour1899
a1475 Bk. Curtasye (Sloane 1986) l. 607 in Babees Bk. (2002) i. 319 Þay schyn haue two cast of hay.
1481 W. Caxton tr. Hist. Reynard Fox (1970) 17 Bruyn receyued of hem many a caste of stones.
?1523 J. Fitzherbert Bk. Husbandry f. vii How many castes of corne euery lande ought to haue.
1697 J. Dryden tr. Virgil Georgics iv, in tr. Virgil Wks. 126 A cast of scatter'd Dust. View more context for this quotation
1753 Chambers's Cycl. Suppl. Cast, among wax-chandlers, denotes a laddleful of melted wax, poured on the wicks of candles made by the laddle.
1797 W. Macro in A. Young Agric. Suffolk 46 Drawing the land over with a heavy harrow when only one cast, or half the seed is sown.
14. Hawking. The number of hawks cast off at a time; a couple; also of other birds.
ΚΠ
c1470 Hors, Shepe, & G. (1822) 31 A caste of hawkes of the tour.
1530 J. Palsgrave Lesclarcissement 203/3 Caste of haukes, niee doiseaux.
1562 Bp. J. Pilkington Expos. Obadiah v, in Wks. (1842) 255 A kennel of hounds or a cast of hawks.
?1611 G. Chapman tr. Homer Iliads xvi. 406 As, on some far-looking rock, a cast of vultures fight.
?1615 G. Chapman tr. Homer Odysses (new ed.) xxii. 390 A cast Of hill-bred eagles, cast off at some game.
1826 J. S. Sebright Observ. Hawking (1828) 41 A cast of falcons is always flown at a rook.
1852 R. F. Burton Falconry in Valley of Indus v. 60 The sport is better with single birds than with ‘casts’.
1881 E. B. Michell in Macmillan's Mag. Nov. 41 An exceptionally good cast of female merlins.
15. The quantity of bread or ale made at one time (obsolete); a certain quantity of clay made into flowerpots.
ΘΚΠ
the world > food and drink > food > dishes and prepared food > bread > [noun] > amount baked at once
batch1461
cast1470
baking1598
the world > food and drink > drink > manufacture of alcoholic drink > brewing > [noun] > a brewing > quantity made at one time
cast1470
society > occupation and work > materials > raw material > clay > [noun] > for making pottery > quantity of clay made into pots
cast1802
1470–85 T. Malory Morte d'Arthur vii. xiv Two cast of bread, with fat venison baked, and dainty fowls.
?1548 J. Bale Comedy concenynge Thre Lawes (1985) ii. 80 If the bruar please me natt, The cast shall fall downe flat, And never have any strength.
1587 W. Harrison Descr. Eng. (1877) ii. vi. i. 154 Of the flower of one bushell..they make fortie cast of manchet.
a1637 B. Jonson Timber 324 in Wks. (1640) III An Elephant, [in 1]630..was every day allow'd twelve cast of bread, twenty Quarts of Canary Sack; besides Nuts and Almonds.
1802 W. Forsyth Treat. Fruit-trees viii. 113 (note) [Flower] Pots are denominated by the number contained in what the Potters call a Cast.
16. So many (herrings, etc.) as are thrown into a vessel at once, a ‘warp’; a set of three or four.
ΘΚΠ
the world > food and drink > food > animals for food > seafood > [noun] > fish > quantity of fish
stickOE
mease1332
warp1436
bind1477
wisp1521
cast1587
strikea1690
turna1690
cran1797
toss1851
swill1894
1587 A. Fleming et al. Holinshed's Chron. (new ed.) III. 914/2 A cast of red herrings.
1808 J. Jamieson Etymol. Dict. Sc. Lang. (at cited word) A cast of herrings, haddocks, oysters, etc.; four in number. S.
1884 F. Pollock in Eng. Illustr. Mag. 159/1 Three fish = one cast (as much as can be held in one hand).
a. A set or suit of other things. Obsolete (except as in 5b).
ΘΚΠ
the world > space > relative position > arrangement or fact of being arranged > state of being gathered together > an assemblage or collection > [noun] > group > set of things to be used or made together
gang?1340
pair1351
suit1424
nest1467
cast1535
set1561
stander1578
shift1592
casea1616
set-out1806
1535 W. Stewart tr. H. Boethius Bk. Cron. Scotl. (1858) I. 140 With courtlie cast of cot~armour abufe.
1591 R. Percyvall Bibliotheca Hispanica Dict. at Sartal de cuentos A cast of counters.
a1658 J. Cleveland Surv. World in Wks. (1687) 223 A cast of Lackeys, and a Lady-bird.
ΚΠ
1542–3 Act 34 & 35 Hen. VIII iii Euerie byllette to be onely of one cast and not aboue.
1553 Act 7 Edw. VI vii. §2 Every Billet named to be a Cast, to contain ten Inches about, and every billet named of two cast, to containe fourteene inches about.
IV. That which is thrown off or out.
18. A second swarm of bees thrown off by a hive in one season.
ΘΚΠ
the world > animals > invertebrates > phylum Arthropoda > class Insecta > order Hymenoptera > [noun] > suborder Apocrita, Petiolata, or Heterophaga > group Aculeata (stinging) > superfamily Apoidea (bees) > swarm of bees > second of season
after-swarm1609
castling1634
casta1661
piper1884
a1661 T. Fuller Worthies (1662) i. 22 Though only old stocks of Bees were kept without either Casts or Swarmes.
1664 J. Evelyn Kalendarium Hortense 68 in Sylva Look to your Bees for Swarms, and Casts.
1675 J. Smith Christian Relig. Appeal i. 36 The Swarm, that hived in Plato's mouth..was a Cast of the School of the Prophets.
1777 Terrier in Briscoe Old Nottinghamsh. I. 37 Every swarm of Bees sixpence, and every Cast..threepence.
1825 in W. Hone Every-day Bk. (1826) I. 647 The second [swarm] from the same hive is called a cast.
1875 J. Hunter Man. Bee-keeping (ed. 2) 92 If lighter..they would probably be casts or second swarms.
19. What is thrown up from the crop by a hawk or other bird of prey. Also, the convoluted earth thrown out by an earthworm; or sand on the sea-shore by the lug-worm.
ΘΚΠ
the world > food and drink > hunting > hawking > action of hawk > [noun] > other actions
checkc1430
tiringc1450
rifler1486
canceleer1599
coast1614
gurgiting1614
raling1618
stooping1653
casta1793
the world > animals > birds > bird of prey > [noun] > cast
casting1388
pellet1802
quid1834
cast1864
a1793 G. White Observ. Insects in Nat. Hist. Selborne (1802) II. 239 Earth-worms make their casts most in mild weather.
1864 Ld. Tennyson Aylmer's Field in Enoch Arden, etc. 95 Where the two contrived their daughter's good, Lies the hawk's cast.
1880 T. H. Huxley Crayfish ii. 67 As a hawk or an owl rejects his casts.
20.
a. The number of lambs produced in a season.
ΚΠ
1887 Sc. Leader 10 Aug. 4 To estimate what the result of the year's cast [of lambs] will amount to.
b. The yield of corn (? obsolete).
ΚΠ
1787 W. Marshall Provincialisms in Rural Econ. Norfolk II. 377 Cast, yield; applied to corn-crops.
V. Something imposed as a burden.† 21. A burden cast or laid upon people; an impost, a charge. Obsolete.
ΘΚΠ
society > trade and finance > fees and taxes > impost, due, or tax > [noun]
yieldc950
tollc1000
tolne1023
mailOE
lotlOE
ransomc1325
tail1340
pensiona1387
contribution1387
scat gild14..
due1423
responsionc1447
impositionc1460
devoirs1503
excisea1513
toloney1517
impost1569
cast1597
levy1640
responde1645
reprise1818
1597 Cartmel Ch. Acc. in Stockdale Ann. Cartmel 36 A caste or laye should bee forthwith had throughout all the parish to the value of twenty marks.
1619 in Quarter Sessions Rec. (N. Riding Rec. Soc.) (1884) II. Paying castes imposed on him by the parishe for..the poore.
1696 W. Cunningham Let. in Diary (1887) Introd. p. xxxvi Not puting you to the pains of a Cast or Act of Imposition.
VI. A forecast or calculation.
22.
a. Calculation, reckoning; an act of calculation; technical the addition of the columns of an account.
ΘΚΠ
the world > relative properties > number > arithmetic or algebraic operations > [noun] > summing or addition > adding columns
cast?1578
footing1800
?1578 W. Patten Let. Entertainm. Killingwoorth 68 By great cast & cost.
1889 N.E.D. at Cast Mod. If the account does not balance now, there must be an error in the cast.
b. Conjecture, forecast.
ΘΚΠ
the mind > mental capacity > belief > conjecture, guessing > [noun]
ettlingc1225
guessc1330
guessing1340
conjecting1382
cast1519
surmising1526
conjecturation1533
conjecture1535
foreguessing1548
speculation1575
estimation1598
conjecturing1643
guesswork1725
guesstimation1937
the mind > mental capacity > expectation > foresight, foreknowledge > anticipation, forecast > [noun] > instance of
forethoughta1400
cast1519
forecasta1673
precalculation1841
calculation1848
lookahead1896
1519 in State Papers Henry VIII (1830) I. 4 Lettres devised by the prudent caste of Your Grace.
1877 Fraser's Mag XVI. 221 That..must be taken into account in any casts a-head.
VII. Mental revolving, contrivance, device.† 23. Device, purpose, design, aim. Obsolete.† 24. † b. Skill, art. Obsolete.
ΘΚΠ
the mind > will > intention > [noun] > intention or purpose
willeOE
highOE
thoughtOE
intent?c1225
achesounc1230
attenta1250
couragec1320
devicec1320
minda1325
studya1382
understanding1382
suggestionc1390
meaninga1393
i-minda1400
minta1400
tent1399
castc1400
ettlingc1400
affecta1425
advicec1425
intention1430
purposec1430
proposea1450
intendment1450
supposing?c1450
pretensionc1456
intellectionc1460
zeal1492
hest?a1513
minting?a1513
institute?1520
intendingc1525
mindfulness1530
cogitationa1538
fordrift1549
forecast1549
designing1566
tention1587
levela1591
intendiment1595
design1597
suppose1597
aim1598
regarda1616
idea1617
contemplationa1631
speculation1631
view1634
way of thinking1650
designation1658
tend1663
would1753
predetermination1764
will to art1920
c1400 (?c1380) Pearl l. 1162 Out of þat caste I watz bycalt.
c1440 Bone Flor. 1406 Thus then ys my caste.
a1522 G. Douglas in tr. Virgil Æneid (1959) viii. Prol. 20 Thar is na sege for na schame that schrynkis at schort, May he cum to hys cast.
a1529 J. Skelton Howe Douty Duke of Albany in Wks. (1568) sig. F.iiiv Such trechery..Is all your cast.
1532 G. Hervet tr. Xenophon Treat. Househ. (1768) 61 Teche me the very point and cast of husbandry.
a. A contrivance, device, artifice, trick. Obsolete.
ΘΚΠ
the world > action or operation > advantage > usefulness > use (made of things) > instrumentality > [noun] > (a) means > available means or a resource > a device, contrivance, or expedient
costOE
craftOE
custc1275
ginc1275
devicec1290
enginec1300
quaintisec1300
contrevurec1330
castc1340
knackc1369
findinga1382
wilea1400
conject14..
skiftc1400
policy?1406
subtilityc1410
policec1450
conjecturea1464
industry1477
invention1516
cunning1526
shift1530
compass1540
chevisance1548
trade1550
tour1558
fashion1562
invent?1567
expediment1571
trick1573
ingeny1588
machine1595
lock1598
contrival1602
contrivement1611
artifice1620
recipea1643
ingenuity1651
expedient1653
contrivance1661
excogitation1664
mechanism1669
expediency1683
stroke1699
spell1728
management1736
manoeuvre1769
move1794
wrinkle1817
dodge1842
jigamaree1847
quiff1881
kink1889
lurk1916
gadget1920
fastie1931
ploy1940
c1340 R. Rolle Psalter lxxxix. 10 Ydell & swykil kastes about erthly thynge.
1398 J. Trevisa tr. Bartholomew de Glanville De Proprietatibus Rerum (1495) ii. xx. 48 The preuy werkes and false castes of Sathanas.
c1405 (c1385) G. Chaucer Knight's Tale (Hengwrt) (2003) l. 1610 The derke tresons, and the castes olde.
1488 (c1478) Hary Actis & Deidis Schir William Wallace (Adv.) (1968–9) v. l. 740 He was full sle and ek had mony cast.
a1522 G. Douglas in tr. Virgil Æneid (1957) i. Prol. 255 Quent and curyus castis poeticall, Perfyte symylitudis and exemplis all.
1530 J. Palsgrave Lesclarcissement 658 I playe a caste of legyer demayne.
1609 P. Holland tr. Ammianus Marcellinus Rom. Hist. xiv. xi. 26 Subtile sleights and juggling casts [L. praestigiis].
ΘΚΠ
the world > action or operation > ability > skill or skilfulness > [noun] > skill or art
listOE
craftOE
artc1300
castc1320
misterc1390
mystery1610
c1320 Seuyn Sag. (W.) 2105 We beth mazouns queinte of cast.
VIII. Form into which a thing is thrown; disposition, arrangement.† 25. Plan, design; shape, conformation, of a building, etc. Obsolete.
ΘΚΠ
the world > space > shape > [noun]
hue971
shapec1050
form1297
casta1300
entailc1320
fashionc1320
featurec1325
tailc1325
suitc1330
figuringc1385
figure1393
makinga1398
fasurec1400
facea1402
makec1425
proportionc1425
figuration?a1475
protracture1551
physiognomy1567
set1567
portraiturea1578
imagerya1592
model1597
plasmature1610
figurature1642
scheme1655
morphosis1675
turn1675
plasma1712
mould1725
format1936
the mind > will > intention > planning > [noun] > a plan
redeeOE
devicec1290
casta1300
went1303
ordinancec1385
intentc1386
imaginationa1393
drifta1535
draught1535
forecast1535
platform1547
ground-plat?a1560
table1560
convoy1565
design1565
plat1574
ground-plota1586
plot1587
reach1587
theory1593
game1595
projectment1611
projecting1616
navation1628
approach1633
view1634
plan1635
systema1648
sophism1657
manage1667
brouillon1678
speculationa1684
sketch1697
to take measures1698
method1704
scheme1704
lines1760
outline1760
measure1767
restorative1821
ground plan1834
strategy1834
programme1837
ticket1842
project1849
outline plan1850
layout1867
draft1879
dart1882
lurk1916
schema1939
lick1955
a1300 Floriz & Bl. 338 To makie a tur after þis cast.
c1330 R. Mannyng Chron. Wace (Rolls) 8735 He dide masons diuise a cast What werk myghte lengest last.
c1384 G. Chaucer Hous of Fame 1178 The caste, crafte, and curiositie Ne can I not to you devise.
1509 Bp. J. Fisher Wks. (1876) 270 His buyldynges.. after the newest cast.
1579 S. Gosson Schoole of Abuse f. 6v My onely endeuour shalbe to shew you that in a rough cast.
26. † b. Hence, to speak in a man's cast: to speak during his part; to interrupt. Obsolete.
a. Theatre. The assignment of the parts in a play to the several actors; the part assigned to any actor (obsolete); the set of actors to whom the parts of a particular play are assigned.
ΘΚΠ
society > leisure > the arts > performance arts > drama > part or character > [noun]
personc1230
parcela1400
part1488
personagea1540
quality1566
shape1604
figurea1616
cast1631
character1664
rolea1731
society > leisure > the arts > performance arts > the theatre or the stage > the staging of a theatrical production > [noun] > (types of) casting
cast1631
casting1814
miscasting1926
type-casting1927
stunt casting1949
typing1960
society > leisure > the arts > performance arts > drama > actor > [noun] > cast of a play
cast1732
1631 R. Brathwait title Whimzies: or a new Cast of Characters.
1732 T. Fuller Gnomologia 115 If thy Cast be bad, mend it with good Play.
1795 T. Wilkinson Wandering Patentee I. 61 Played several characters..but did not please in the lovers, in which cast I wanted Mr. Kniveton.
c1798 Epitaph in W. Hone Every-day Bk. (1827) II. 390 To play a comic cast of characters, in this great theatre—the World.
1876 World V. No. 116. 3 The best representatives for the complete cast of a comedy.
1880 Dramatic List 219 The cast included the following admirable players.
1880 Manch. Guard. 20 Dec. He had brought together ‘an unusually powerful cast’.
ΘΚΠ
the mind > language > speech > interruption > interrupt or interpose [verb (intransitive)]
chop in1550
to speak in a man's cast1580
to break through1659
interpose1667
interrupt1667
to break in1705
to catch up1764
to get ina1774
to strike in1791
to get a word, etc. in edgeways1824
1580 J. Lyly Euphues & his Eng. (new ed.) f. 26v If I may speake in your cast, quoth Issida.
1580 J. Lyly Euphues & his Eng. (new ed.) f. 98 The Ladye Flauia speaking in his cast, proceeded in this manner.
1611 R. Cotgrave Dict. French & Eng. Tongues Entre~parlement, an interruption, a speaking in a mans cast.
1642 D. Rogers Naaman 46 As when the minde is filled with businesse, all that is spoken is, as it were, spoken in a mans cast.
27. Painting. The adjustment of draperies in art.
ΘΚΠ
society > leisure > the arts > visual arts > representation in art > [noun] > an artistic representation > of living thing > of human figure > arrangement of clothing
drapery1610
casta1806
a1806 J. Barry in R. N. Wornum Lect. on Painting (1848) 187 The several textures..afford an extensive variety in the cast and manner of their several foldings.
1859 T. J. Gullick & J. Timbs Painting 201 The ‘cast’ or adjustment of draperies is made the object of a special course of study.
28. The form into which any work is thrown.
ΘΚΠ
society > leisure > the arts > literature > style of language or writing > [noun] > form or order of a work
shape1357
form1551
methoda1586
structure1598
cast1774
composition1839
1774 T. Warton Hist. Eng. Poetry I. Diss. ii. sig. Ev Some of Aldhelm's verses are exactly in this cast.
1865 M. Arnold Ess. Crit. iv. 128 The turn of the phrase..the happy cast and flow of the sentence.
1875 W. D. Whitney Life & Growth Lang. Pref. 7 The compendious cast of the work.
IX. Casting metal, etc.; mould; model.† 29. Casting or founding (of cannon, etc.). Obsolete.† 31. (See quots.)
ΘΚΠ
society > occupation and work > industry > working with specific materials > working with metal > [noun] > founding or casting
yotinga1382
castinga1398
yote1474
found1540
foundry1601
casta1616
foundinga1657
font1754
a1616 W. Shakespeare Hamlet (1623) i. i. 72 And why such dayly Cast [1603, 1604 cost] of Brazon Cannon.
30.
a. A model made by running some liquid or forcing some soft substance into a mould or shape. Sometimes applied to the negative impression taken from the original; more usually to the copy of the original moulded in this.
ΘΚΠ
the world > relative properties > relationship > imitation > [noun] > cast or impression
impression1398
castc1503
plasm1620
impress1695
squeeze1857
moulage1902
mould cavity1933
c1503 R. Arnold Chron. f. lxxxxij/1 Plouer roosted, Vn caste de gely florisshyd, Creues deudose.
a1763 W. Shenstone Lett. cvii A most excellent figure, and I shall wish much to get a good cast of it.
1777 S. Johnson in J. Boswell Life Johnson (1831) IV. 63 Direction to send you a cast of my head.
1869 J. Phillips Vesuvius ii. 38 A cast in plaster of Paris.
1872 H. T. Ellacombe Bells of Church i. 9 note Taking therefrom a cast to constitute the outer mould for the bell.
1875 C. D. E. Fortnum Maiolica ix. 77 The Alhambra vase was copied..after a cast and photographs.
b. A model of a fossil organism formed by mineral matter which has filled up the cavity originally occupied by the organism itself.
ΚΠ
1873 J. W. Dawson Story Earth & Man iii. 38 Casts of sponges or fucoids.
1881 J. Lubbock in Nature No. 618. 408 The green sands of the geologist are largely made up of casts of foraminifera.
1881 T. H. Huxley in Nature No. 619. 453 Their solid substance may be dissolved away entirely, or replaced by mineral matter, until nothing is left of the original but a cast, an impression.
c. Pathology. ‘A mould of an interior, specially applied to casts of the urinary tubules in kidney disease, or of the respiratory tubes in croup,’ etc. ( New Sydenham Soc. Lexicon).
ΘΚΠ
the world > health and disease > ill health > a disease > disorders of internal organs > urinary disorders > [noun] > cast
cast1867
tube-cast1873
hyaline cast1881
1867 J. Hogg Microscope (ed. 6) i. iii. 223 Urinary deposits (as casts, epithelium, crystals).
1880 Webster's Dict. Suppl. s.v. Renal casts (Med.), microscopic bodies found in the urine of persons affected with disease of the kidneys.
ΚΠ
1735 J. Barrow Dict. Polygraphicum II. at Statues These casts are Pipes of Wax..proportioned to the bigness of the work.
1753 Chambers's Cycl. Suppl. Cast, among plumbers, denotes a little brazen funnel, at one end of a mould, for casting pipes without soldering, by means of which the melted metal is poured into the mould.
1753 Chambers's Cycl. Suppl. Cast also denotes a cylindrical piece of brass or copper, slit in two lengthwise, used by the founders in sand to form a canal or conduit in their moulds, whereby the metal may be conveyed to the different pieces intended to be cast.
32. figurative. Mould.
ΘΚΠ
the world > space > shape > [noun] > specifically of immaterial things, systems, etc.
featurea1375
model1591
module1649
cast1709
1709 Tatler No. 28. ⁋3 The true Cast or Mould in which you may be sure to know him.
1761 C. Churchill Rosciad 19 In whate'er cast his character was laid, Self still, like oil, upon the surface play'd.
X. A twist, or turn.
33. A permanent twist or turn, esp. to one side; a warp. cast of the eye: a slight squint.
ΘΚΠ
the world > health and disease > ill health > a disease > disorders of eye > disordered vision > [noun] > squinting or cross-eyes
cast1505
squint-eyedness1591
squinting1626
squinta1652
squintness1656
strabism1656
strabismus1684
cockeye1738
goggle-eye1822
nystagmus1822
cross-eyes1826
cross-eyedness1846
anorthopia1849
heterophthalmy1854
hyperphoria1881
heterophoria1886
hypertropia1897
intorsion1899
hypophoria1932
prairie squint1937
the world > space > shape > misshapenness > [noun] > action or fact of putting or being out of shape > distortion > to one side
cast1677
1505 F. Marsin et al. Rep. Ferdinand of Arragon in J. Gairdner Historia Regis Henrici Septimi (1858) 278 He hathe a litell caste with his lefte eye.
c1635 H. Glapthorne Lady Mother (1959) ii. i. 22 My lady has got a cast of her eye.
1677 London Gaz. No. 1251/4 Trots all, and hath a Cast in her Gallop with her Off leg before.
1677 London Gaz. No. 1183/4 Very small Eyes, with a squint or cast with one of them.
1710 R. Steele Tatler No. 120. ⁋4 Her eyes..had odd Casts in them.
1725 A. Ramsay Gentle Shepherd iii. iv Which gi'es their sauls a cast, That turns them downright beggars at the last.
1816 W. Scott Old Mortality iv, in Tales of my Landlord 1st Ser. II. 78 A cast of eye which, without being actually oblique, approached nearly to a squint.
1825 C. Waterton Wanderings in S. Amer. (1887) i. 100 Seldom placing it [the blowpipe] in an oblique position, lest it should receive a cast.
34. A bearing in some direction; inclination of one's route.
ΚΠ
1768 A. Ross Fortunate Shepherdess 79 (Jam.) Gang east, but ay some northward hald your cast.
XI. Dash or shade of colour.[It is difficult to say whether the original notion was that of dashing in an admixture or ‘eye’ of some colour, or associated with casting a shade.]
35.
a. A ‘dash’ of some colour, thrown into or over, or interspersed with another; tinge, hue; shade.
ΘΚΠ
the world > matter > colour > [noun] > tinge
veil1646
encolouring1648
tinge1683
cast1712
1604 W. Shakespeare Hamlet iii. i. 87 Thus the natiue hiew of resolution Is sickled ore with the pale cast of thought. View more context for this quotation
1712 Spectator No. 425. ⁋5 A Robe..of a yellowish Cast.
1772 S. Denne & W. Shrubsole Hist. Rochester 66 Of a gray colour with a cast of green.
1791 W. Hamilton tr. C.-L. Berthollet Elements Art of Dyeing II. ii. iv. i. 264 The effect..is to give the colour a gold cast.
1810 W. Wordsworth Descr. Lakes in J. Wilkinson Select Views p. xxv The colour of the house ought, if possible, to have a cast or shade of the colour of the soil.
1841 G. Catlin Lett. N. Amer. Indians II. lviii. 226 The teeth of the Indians..are not white, having a yellowish cast.
b. figurative. Hue, tinge, shade, of guilt, conduct, etc.
ΚΠ
1762 New Dial. of Dead 30 The crime was of such a deep and malignant cast.
1791 J. Boswell Life Johnson I. 3 Of a dark uncharitable cast.
1806 R. Fellowes tr. J. Milton Second Def. in C. Symmons Prose Wks. John Milton VI. 392 What follows is of a more shocking and atrocious cast.
1815 W. H. Ireland Scribbleomania 118 b His thoughts were of the sombre cast.
1820 W. Irving Sketch Bk. I. 341 His countenance assumed a deeper cast of dejection.
36. A ‘dash’ of some ingredient or quality.
ΘΚΠ
the world > relative properties > quantity > smallness of quantity, amount, or degree > [noun] > a small quantity or amount > a slight touch or trace
specec1330
taste1390
lisounc1400
savourc1400
smatcha1500
smell?a1505
spice1531
smack1539
shadow1586
surmise1586
relish1590
tang1593
touch1597
stain1609
tincture1612
dasha1616
soula1616
twanga1640
whiff1644
haut-goût1650
casta1661
stricturea1672
tinge1736
tinct1752
vestige1756
smattering1764
soupçon1766
smutch1776
shade1791
suspicion1809
lineament1811
trait1815
tint1817
trace1827
skiff1839
spicing1844
smudgea1871
ghost1887
a1661 T. Fuller Worthies (1662) Wales 14 This Mungrell name seemeth to have in it an Eye or Cast of Greek and Latine.
1768 L. Sterne Sentimental Journey I. 102 La Fleur had a small cast of the coxcomb.
1816 W. Scott Antiquary I. i. 7 A countenance in which habitual gravity was enlivened by a cast of ironical humour.
1823 W. Scott Peveril II. ii. 35 Julian, who had, in his disposition, some cast of the romantic.
1854 H. H. Milman Hist. Lat. Christianity II. iv. iv. 90 The wild cast of religious adventure in his life.
XII. Sort, kind, style, quality, stamp, type, as determined by characteristics.This section, which is of modern use, and chiefly since 1700, appears to blend figurative uses of many of the foregoing senses, VIII.–XI., one or more of these being prominent, according to the feeling of the moment. Thus the notions of conformation, mould, turn, inclination, colouring, complexion, quality, appear all to contribute vaguely to the result.
37. in reference to outward form, configuration, tournure, esp. in phrase cast of features, which sometimes chiefly refers to facial expression.
ΘΚΠ
the world > physical sensation > sight and vision > thing seen > appearance or aspect > [noun] > facial appearance or expression
cheerc1225
lookinga1325
countenancec1330
frontc1374
looka1400
looksc1400
aspect1590
brow1598
cast1653
mien1680
expression1830
1653 I. Walton Compl. Angler xi. 198 This fish is of a fine cast and handsome shape. View more context for this quotation
1727 A. Pope et al. Περι Βαθους: Art of Sinking 44 in J. Swift et al. Misc.: Last Vol. The Figures must be so turn'd, as to manifest that intricate and wonderful Cast of Head, which distinguishes all Writers of this Genius.
1815 J. Scott Visit to Paris iii. 47 The general cast of feature is the same.
1816 W. Scott Antiquary I. i. 7 His countenance was of the true Scottish cast.
1834 F. Marryat Peter Simple I. xix. 318 An officer, with a very sinister cast of countenance.
1837 B. Disraeli Venetia II. 3 A cast of features delicately moulded.
1879 G. C. Harlan Eyesight ii. 27 The pictures of Mephistopheles owe much of their devilish cast to the twitching upwards of the external angles of the lid.
38.
a. in reference to the mind or character.
ΘΚΠ
the mind > mental capacity > disposition or character > [noun] > qualities, stuff
conditionsc1374
allaya1456
mettle?1520
stuff1557
alloy1594
wood1594
intrinsical1655
cast1711
calibre1808
timber1906
1711 J. Addison Spectator No. 106. ¶6 This Cast of Mind..renders his Conversation highly agreeable.
1764 T. Reid Inq. Human Mind vi. §1 He must have a very strange cast of understanding who can seriously doubt, etc.
1798 J. Ferriar Illustr. Sterne iii. 62 Nothing is more seductive..to minds of this cast.
1805 J. Foster Ess. i. ii. 21 A strongly individual cast of character.
1836 I. Taylor Physical Theory of Another Life 6 Minds of philosophic cast.
1865 C. Merivale Hist. Romans under Empire (new ed.) VIII. lxiii. 2 His character was not of the severe and antique cast.
1879 M. Arnold Mixed Ess. 148 The professions so naturally share..the cast of ideas of the aristocracy.
b. with the notion of ‘bent’ or ‘turn’ emphasized.
ΘΚΠ
the mind > will > wish or inclination > [noun] > turn of mind, bent, or talent
spiritc1384
bend1591
incline1596
declinationa1605
verve1697
cast1711
affinity1832
flair1925
1711 E. Budgell Spectator No. 197. ⁋2 The business men are chiefly conversant in, does not only give a certain cast or turn to their minds.
1711 J. Addison Spectator No. 163. ¶10 The Mind that hath any Cast towards Devotion.
1745 J. Mason Treat. Self-knowl. i. vii. 56 Every Man hath Something peculiar in the Turn or Cast of his Mind.
1782 T. Paine Let. to Abbe Raynal (1791) 44 The present condition of the world..has given a new cast to the mind of man.
c. with the notion of ‘tinge’ or ‘colouring’ emphasized.
ΚΠ
1779 W. Cowper Let. 14 Nov. (1979) I. 308 My Mind has always a melancholy Cast, and is like some Pools..which though filled with a Black and putrid Water, will nevertheless in a bright Day, reflect the Sunbeams.
39. in reference to actions.
ΚΠ
1750 S. Johnson Rambler No. 99. ⁋16 A cast of talk, peculiar to their own fraternity.
1750 S. Johnson Rambler No. 181. ⁋10 I had now wholly changed the cast of my behaviour.
1789 W. Belsham Ess. I. ii. 23 His language has acquired a certain obsolete cast.
1817 Monthly Rev. 83 499 Certainly a loose cast prevailed in the literature of the times.
1839 H. Hallam Introd. Lit. Europe II. vii. 431 The reflections are usually of a moral cast.
40. Kind, sort, style; ‘stamp, type’:
a. of persons. Apparently there has here often been vague association with caste n. (formerly spelt cast).
ΘΚΠ
the world > relative properties > kind or sort > [noun]
kindeOE
i-cundeOE
mannera1225
jetc1330
colour1340
hair1387
estrete1393
gendera1398
hedea1400
savourc1400
stockc1450
toucha1500
rate1509
barrel1542
suit1548
fashion1562
special1563
stamp1573
family1598
garb1600
espece1602
kidney1602
bran1610
formality1610
editiona1627
make1660
cast1673
tour1702
way1702
specie1711
tenor1729
ilk1790
genre1816
stripe1853
persuasion1855
1673 A. Marvell Rehearsal Transpros'd II. 361 The design of you and those of your cast has been..against all the forraign Churches.
1713 G. Berkeley Three Dialogues Hylas & Philonous iii. 107 I am of a vulgar Cast, simple enough to believe my Senses.
1728 E. Young Love of Fame iii, in Wks. (1757) I. 101 As if men now were of another cast, They meanly live on alms of ages past.
1741 S. Richardson Pamela III. xxxi. 216 Better than twenty humble Servants of Mr. Murray's Cast.
1776 E. Gibbon Decline & Fall I. ix. 180 Heroines of such a cast may claim our admiration.
1829 W. Scott in Croker P. (1884) II. xiv. 30 Strict Presbyterian and Whig of the old Scottish cast.
1842 J. H. Newman Ess. (1871) II. 376 Here is a man of the cast of Hooker and Butler.
b. of animals, or things.
ΚΠ
1777 W. Anderson Jrnl. 30 Jan. in J. Cook Jrnls. (1967) III. ii. 790 Farther up especially where there are few trees it [sc. the soil] is of a grey tough cast.
1785 E. Burke Speech Nabob Arcot's Debts in Wks. (1842) I. 318 Crimes of the same blood, family, and cast.
1802 W. Huntington Bank of Faith 73 A dapple-grey, very spotted, and of the tabby cast.
XIII. Senses relating to sweeping out to pick up a scent, etc.
41.
a. Hunting. The spreading out of the hounds in different directions in search of a lost scent.
ΘΚΠ
the world > food and drink > hunting > hunting with hounds > work done by hounds > [noun] > search for game or scent
quest?c1335
castc1830
c1830 C. Wicksted in R. Eg.-Warburton Hunt. Songs (1883) 226 Those sons of old Bedford..So quick at a cast, and so ready to turn.
1861 G. F. Berkeley Eng. Sportsman xviii. 311 No cast that I could make, or the hound in his sagacity imagine, could recover her line again.
1873 R. E. Egerton-Warburton Hunting Songs (new ed.) 4 Friends! gentlemen! pray now, Hold hard, let them make their own cast.
1885 Duke of Beaufort & M. Morris Hunting (Badminton Libr. of Sports & Pastimes) ii. 87 Always allow your hounds to make their own cast before you make yours.
b. figurative.
ΚΠ
1873 R. E. Egerton-Warburton Hunting Songs (new ed.) 53 How his Muse o'er the field made each season a cast.
c. Australian and New Zealand. The sweep a trained dog makes when mustering sheep. Cf. cast v. 60c.
ΘΚΠ
the world > food and drink > farming > animal husbandry > sheep-farming > [noun] > sheep herding > action of sheep-dog
penning1886
cast1933
fetch1938
outrun1938
lift1942
1933 L. G. D. Acland in Press (Christchurch, N.Z.) 30 Sept. 15/7 A heading dog..goes wide round sheep so as not to disturb them and make them go faster. This curve or sweep is called a cast.
1946 F. D. Davison Dusty (1947) 115 The trial had four phases; the cast, when the owner sent the dog forward by himself to find the sheep.
1947 P. Newton Wayleggo (1949) ii. 28 [The dog] had a tremendous cast, and I used to marvel at the unerring way he would land out at the head of sheep in country where his cast took him far out of sight of them.
Compounds
C1. (In some cases perhaps the verb stem.) cast-maker, etc.
ΚΠ
1767 F. Fawkes tr. Theocritus Idylliums xxi. 13 The seine, the cast-net, and the wicker maze.
1877 Symonds in Academy 3 Nov. 419/2 As a cast-maker uses plaster of Paris.
C2.
cast-fly n. a fly for angling.
ΘΚΠ
the world > food and drink > hunting > fishing > fishing-tackle > means of attracting fish > [noun] > fly
fly1589
cast-fly1681
1681 J. Chetham Angler's Vade Mecum ii. 10 Your Line for Dub-fly, Cast-fly or Artificial fly.
cast-hole n. (see quot.).
ΚΠ
1747 W. Hooson Miners Dict. sig. Eij Cutting a Square Hole, about a Yard every way, throwing out the Earth as far as he can with his Spade, which will be..about three Yards Deep, and this is called a Cast-hole.
cast-house n. (see quot.).
ΚΠ
1880 Times 10 Sept. 9/4 The hops when..swept from the floors of the cast-houses are packed in sacks by the pressure of machinery.
1881 Trans. Amer. Inst. Mining Engineers 1880–1 9 116 Cast-house, the building in which pigs or ingots are cast.
cast-net n. a net which is cast and drawn immediately, as distinguished from a net which is set and left.
ΘΚΠ
the world > food and drink > hunting > fishing > fishing-tackle > net > [noun] > casting-net
sling-net1589
cast-net1647
casting-neta1680
amphibole1854
1647 H. Hexham Copious Eng. & Netherduytch Dict. at Net A cast-net, een werpnet.
1883 F. Day Indian Fish 46 In some places several cast-nets are joined together, to stop up all passage of fish along a stream.
1952 E. Hemingway Old Man & Sea 13 I'll get the cast net and go for sardines.
1963 Times 8 Feb. 12/6 Most of his days are spent plying his cast-net in the shallow waters of the south Arabian coast.
Draft additions 1997
Medicine. = plaster cast n. 2.
ΘΚΠ
the world > health and disease > healing > medical appliances or equipment > surgical supports > [noun] > plaster-cast
plaster cast1883
plaster1892
walking cast1896
cast1934
1934 in N. Webster Dict.
1949 E. Birney Turvey iv. 29 The up-patients had gone about autographing all the casts with indelible pencils.
1965 P. De Vries Let me count Ways xi. 140 I awaken with my leg in a hip-length cast.
1980 M. Richler Joshua i. i. 3 His right leg..was still held in a cast, multiple fractures healing slowly at his age.
This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1889; most recently modified version published online June 2022).
† castadj.1
Obsolete.
Chaste.
ΘΚΠ
society > morality > virtue > purity > chastity > [adjective] > chaste
sedefulc1000
chaste?c1225
purec1380
continenta1398
castc1430
chastful1497
unwanton1606
moral1803
c1430 J. Lydgate Lyfe St. Albon (1534) C ij To serue Diana that was the cast goddesse That Venus had with them non intraunce.
This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1889; most recently modified version published online March 2021).
castadj.2
/kɑːst/, /kast/, U.S. /kæst/ 1.
a. Thrown, that has been thrown. (See the verb.) cast shadow, in painting, a shadow cast by an object within the picture, and serving to bring it out against the objects behind it.
ΘΚΠ
the world > movement > impelling or driving > projecting through space or throwing > [adjective] > thrown
conject1542
tossed1606
thrown1610
cast1629
projected1651
forthcast1674
throwed1861
the world > movement > motion in a certain direction > downward motion > causing to come or go down > [adjective] > brought to the ground or laid low > cast down or to the ground
cast1629
society > leisure > the arts > visual arts > painting and drawing > light and shade > [noun] > shade
shadow1486
dark1653
shade1662
obscure1814
penumbra1826
lowlights1842
cast shadow1849
the world > space > direction > [adjective] > caused to fall in specific direction
cast1859
1629 F. Quarles Argalus & Parthenia i. 29 Her liuelesse hands did, by degrees, Raise her cast body.
1849 J. D. Harding Less. Art liii In shading this Lesson care must be taken to make the cast shadow GHF darker at the points G and F, and also sharp on the edge.
1859 T. J. Gullick & J. Timbs Painting 196 An eclipse is a vast cast shadow.
1890 Adeline's Art Dict. 362/1 The cast shadow is always darker than the shadow, properly so called, if the body casting the shadow and the surface receiving it are of the same tonality.
b. Cf. cast v. 12.
ΘΚΠ
the world > movement > motion in a certain direction > downward motion > falling > [adjective] > fallen down > on back and unable to rise (of animal)
cast1878
1878 Trans. & Proc. N.Z. Inst. 1877 10 310 Sheep that were ‘cast’ were soon attacked by the blow fly.
1947 R. B. Kelley Sheep Dogs v. 69 She [sc. a ewe]..was ‘cast’, that is, lying on her back in a depression, unable to rise.
1953 D. A. Bannerman Birds Brit. Isles I. 15 A ‘cast’ sheep, whether healthy or sick, is always in danger, the eyes being torn from the sockets [by crows].
c. Australian and New Zealand. cast-for-age, see quot. 1965.
ΘΚΠ
the world > food and drink > farming > animal husbandry > sheep-farming > [adjective] > culled
cast-for-age1933
1933 L. G. D. Acland in Press (Christchurch, N.Z.) 30 Sept. 15/7 Cast for age, etc., means ‘culled’ for etc. This term is used for stud sheep rather than flock sheep.
1950 N.Z. Jrnl. Agric. Sept. 217/3 Cast-for-age ewes..are sold in late summer or autumn.
1965 J. S. Gunn Terminol. Shearing Industry i. 13 Cast for age, a term to describe sheep that are got rid of..because they are too old.
ΘΚΠ
society > law > administration of justice > court proceedings or procedure > action of courts in claims or grievances > party in litigation > [adjective] > defeated in litigation
cast1587
society > law > administration of justice > court proceedings or procedure > judging > conviction or judicial condemnation > [adjective] > convicted or condemned
convicta1340
damnedc1440
taint1496
convict1549
cast1587
convicted1611
condemned1712
1587 A. Fleming et al. Holinshed's Chron. (new ed.) III. 865/2 About foure of the clocke he was brought as a cast man to the Tower.
1642 J. Milton Apol. Smectymnuus 7 Sitting..upon his poore cast adversaries both as a Judge and Party.
3. Cashiered, dismissed from office (obsolete); discarded, cast off. ( cast captain was apparently originally cassed captain; this led to other uses.)
ΘΚΠ
society > authority > office > removal from office or authority > [adjective]
outedc1500
deposed1552
secluded1604
cast1607
disbanded1611
cashiereda1626
ejected1649
abdicateda1675
displaced1841
overthrown1859
the mind > will > decision > irresolution or vacillation > reversal of or forsaking one's will or purpose > [adjective] > deserted or abandoned (of person)
cast1607
1607 T. Dekker & J. Webster North-ward Hoe v. sig. H A new trade come vp for cast Gentlewemen.
a1610 J. Healey tr. Theophrastus Characters 33 in tr. Epictetus Manuall (1636) Some cast Captaine, or cassierd Souldier.
a1640 J. Fletcher & P. Massinger Spanish Curat i. i, in F. Beaumont & J. Fletcher Comedies & Trag. (1647) sig. E/2 The Sonne Of a poore cast-Captain.
1668 J. Dryden Secret-love i. ii. 5 If thou should'st prove one of my cast Mistresses.
1755 H. Walpole Corr. (1837) I. 258 It is sung by some cast singers.
4. Of horses, etc.: Rejected, as unfit for service, broken down.
ΘΚΠ
the world > animals > mammals > group Ungulata (hoofed) > family Equidae (general equines) > horse defined by purpose used for > [adjective] > rejected as unfit for service
cast1579
cast-off1746
1579 T. North tr. Plutarch Liues 376 To keepe cast Horses.
1653 H. Cogan tr. F. M. Pinto Voy. & Adventures x. §1. 30 Put a grasing like a cast horse.
1844 Queen's Regulations & Orders Army 376 The sale of Cast Horses.
5. Of garments: Thrown aside, discarded, no longer worn. Now usually cast-off n.2
ΘΚΠ
the world > textiles and clothing > clothing > types or styles of clothing > [adjective] > cast-off
casten1493
cast1597
cast-off1746
hand-me-down1826
reach-me-down1861
1597 1st Pt. Returne fr. Parnassus iii. i. 967 A moste lousie caste sute of his.
1611 Jer. xxxviii. 11 Old cast cloutes.
1716 J. Addison Drummer i. 6 A Wardrobe for my Lady's cast Cloaths.
1828 W. Scott Fair Maid of Perth vii, in Chron. Canongate 2nd Ser. III. 185 It is not for Rothsay to wear your cast garments, Sir John.
6. gen. Thrown off, disused, worn out, abandoned, forsaken. Now usually cast-off n.2
ΘΚΠ
the mind > possession > relinquishing > casting or laying aside > [adjective] > out of use
cast1598
casteda1616
cast-off1746
left-off1754
put-aside1868
1598 Bp. J. Hall Virgidemiarum: 3 Last Bks. vi. i. 84 In margent of some olde cast bill.
a1616 W. Shakespeare Henry V (1623) iv. i. 23 With casted slough, and fresh legeritie. View more context for this quotation
a1616 W. Shakespeare As you like It (1623) iii. iv. 14 A paire of cast lips of Diana. View more context for this quotation
7. Thrown up with the spade.
ΘΚΠ
society > occupation and work > industry > earth-moving, etc. > [adjective] > dug or excavated
wroughtOE
underdolven1382
holkedc1420
cast1487
mineda1500
pioneda1616
uneartheda1625
delved1673
disentombed1871
dugout1886
1487 Newminster Cartul. (1878) 263 An olde casten dike.
1593 Tell-Trothes New-yeares Gift (1876) 42 Fortified with deepe cast~rauelinges.
8.
a. Of metal, etc.: Made by melting, and leaving to harden in a mould. See also cast iron n.
ΘΚΠ
society > occupation and work > materials > derived or manufactured material > metal > metal in specific state or form > [adjective] > cast
yotenOE
welledc1300
yetc1429
casten1493
cast1535
molten1535
well-metalled1644
sand-cast1934
pressure-cast1973
1535 Bible (Coverdale) Isa. xlviii. A My carued or cast ymage.
1544 in T. Wright Churchwardens' Accts. Ludlow (1869) 19 Item, for xx li. of cast lede..xx d.
1692 Smith's Sea-mans Gram. (new ed.) ii. xiv. 111 A Cast-Bullet of Iron.
1765 Universal Mag. 37 84/1 Cast copper or brass.
1794 D. Steel Elements & Pract. Rigging & Seamanship I. 154 Sheaves are made of cast metal.
1834 T. Carlyle Sartor Resartus i. iv. 12/1 Proposal for a Cast-metal King.
1851 H. Mayhew London Labour II. 16/1 Before cast-glass was so common.
b. cast stone n. a manufactured substance resembling stone.
ΘΚΠ
society > occupation and work > materials > derived or manufactured material > concrete > [noun] > artificial stone
artificial stone1722
lithodipyrac1778
reconstructed stone1915
cast stone1925
reconstituted stone1961
1925 Pop. Mech. May 743 (title) Making cast stone; a new building material from marble.
1938 Archit. Rev. 83 223 The photograph shows the rough texture of the facing bricks which contrasts with the smooth white cast-stone trim of the fenestration.
1956 Gloss. Terms Concrete (B.S.I.) 9 Cast stone, a building material manufactured from cement and natural aggregate, for use in a manner similar to and for the same purpose as natural building stone.
9. Cookery. ‘Whipped’, curded.
ΘΚΠ
the world > food and drink > food > food manufacture and preparation > preparation for table or cooking > general preparation processes > [adjective] > whipped
swungc1467
cast1597
whipped1673
milled1766
beatc1817
creamed1892
switched1909
1597 Bk. Cookerie 46 How to make caste creame.
ΘΚΠ
the mind > will > intention > planning > [adjective] > planned
compassedc1430
contrivedc1450
imagined1509
castc1540
devised1552
plotted1592
projected1630
brewed1637
forelaid1640
laid1697
calculated1723
planned1728
unspontaneous1791
programmed1845
tactical1876
drafted1877
programmatical1890
programmatic1899
c1540 (?a1400) Destr. Troy 10448 He..Neuer kyld no kyng..but with cast treson.
11. Like the verb, it may be used with many adverbs. See also castaway adj. and n., cast-by n., cast-off n.2
ΘΚΠ
the world > space > relative position > posture > position of specific body parts > [adjective] > head, face, or eyes
back-flunga1586
casta1586
demiss1586
upturned1597
demissive1630
unaverted1753
unuplifted1814
the world > movement > motion in a certain direction > upward movement > raising > [adjective] > raised > specifically of part of the body
casta1586
uplift1667
a1586 Sir P. Sidney Arcadia (1590) iii. xxvii. sig. Zz2 With smiling and caste-vp looke.
1645 S. Rutherford Tryal & Trivmph of Faith (1845) 183 A cast-down mourner.
1653 H. Cogan tr. F. M. Pinto Voy. & Adventures li. §1. 201 With cast down looks, and tears in their eyes.
1834 F. Marryat Jacob Faithful I. iii. 49 Cast-up wrecks.
This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1889; most recently modified version published online December 2021).
castv.
/kɑːst/, /kast/, U.S. /kæst/ I. The simple action: to throw.† 2. Formerly said also of military engines, bows, and the like, which throw or shoot projectiles; often absol. (like to shoot). Also of the general or soldiers. Obsolete.† 8. To emit, give out, send forth (light, darkness, fire, heat, cold, an odour). Obsolete (except as in 9).† 10. To toss (the head), to shrug (the shoulders).
1. † b. absol. Also, To aim, deliver a blow. Obsolete or archaic.† g. to cast cross and pile: to toss up a coin as a way of casting lots. Obsolete.
a. transitive. To project (anything) with a force of the nature of a jerk, from the hand, the arms, a vessel, or the like; to throw v.1 (which is now the ordinary equivalent); to fling, hurl, pitch, toss.
ΘΚΠ
the world > movement > impelling or driving > projecting through space or throwing > throw [verb (transitive)]
warpc888
torvec1000
castc1230
slingc1290
forthcasta1300
throwc1300
lancec1330
hit1362
pitchc1380
slentc1380
glenta1400
launcha1400
routc1400
waltc1400
flingc1420
jeta1450
vire1487
ajet1490
hurl1563
toss1570
kest1590
picka1600
peck1611
jaculate1623
conject1625
elance1718
squail1876
tipple1887
bish1940
biff1941
slap1957
welly1986
c1230 Hali Meid. 41 Ha [pride] cast hire fader sone se ha iboren wes fram þe hehste heuene in to helle grunde.
c1275 Laȝamon Brut 1919 Corineus..caste hine adun mid þe cleue.
a1400 (a1325) Cursor Mundi (Vesp.) l. 20962 His hand..He schok and in þe fir hir [sc. an adder] kest.
a1400 (a1325) Cursor Mundi (Fairf. 14) l. 19461 Þe witnes sulde be-gyn. þe first stane for to caste.
1477 Earl Rivers tr. Dictes or Sayengis Philosophhres (Caxton) (1877) lf. 51 Certayn men beyng at a wyndow keste water vpon him.
a1500 (?c1450) Merlin iii. 42 Pendragon caste in fier, and brente vp Vortiger.
1563 N. Winȝet Certain Tractates (1888) I. 127 Disciplis..quha sauld thair geris..and kaist the prices thairof at the Disciplis feit.
1611 Bible (King James) John viii. 7 Hee that is without sinne among you, let him first cast a stone at her. View more context for this quotation
a1616 W. Shakespeare King John (1623) v. i. 39 They found him dead, and cast into the streets. View more context for this quotation
1678 N. Wanley Wonders Little World v. ii. §86. 473/1 He would cast a Horse-man's Mace..farther than any other of his Court.
1691 J. Evelyn Kalendarium Hortense (ed. 8) 33 Never cast Water on things newly planted.
1704 J. Harris Lexicon Technicum I. at Baile Casting the water by hand out of a Boat.
1829 T. Hood Dream Eugene Aram in Gem 1 114 I took the dreary body up, And cast it in a stream.
1870 W. Morris Earthly Paradise I. i. 300 Men fell to play at casting of the stone; And strong men cast it mighty of their hands.
1887 Cornhill Mag., Gaverocks i. 7 ‘Take my rein’ said the girl..casting the reins towards him.
ΘΚΠ
the world > movement > impact > striking > strike or deliver blows [verb (intransitive)]
slay971
smitelOE
flatc1330
flap1362
acoupc1380
frapa1400
girda1400
hit?a1400
knocka1400
swap?a1400
wapa1400
castc1400
strike1509
befta1522
to throw about one1590
cuff1596
to let down1640
dunch1805
yark1818
bunt1867
c1400 (?c1390) Sir Gawain & Green Knight (1940) l. 1901 Þe wyȝe..braydeȝ out þe bryȝt bronde & at þe best castez [MS reads casteȝ].
c. figurative.
ΚΠ
a1340 R. Rolle Psalter 498 Þan kest behynd þi bake all my synnys.
a1542 T. Wyatt Coll. Poems (1969) lxxi. 21 From my herte I keste That I had furst determind for the best.
1642 T. Taylor God's Judgem. i. i. xv. 49 Hee..doth..cast behind his backe the grace of God's spirit.
1713 A. Pope Windsor-Forest 8 Lodona's Fate, in long Oblivion cast.
d. †to cast seed. Now chiefly figurative.
ΘΚΠ
the world > space > relative position > arrangement or fact of being arranged > state of being scattered or dispersed > scatter [verb (transitive)] > scatter broadcast
shedc1000
sprengeOE
discatterc1330
shatterc1330
sowa1387
spilla1400
shadec1425
sparklec1440
scatter?c1450
distribute?c1510
sparse?1550
to cast seed1577
bescatter1859
to sow, scatter, throw, etc. broadcast1874
1577 B. Googe tr. C. Heresbach Foure Bks. Husbandry i. f. 24v Neither can it be certaynely appoynted, howe muche seede is generally to be cast vppon an acre.
1611 Bible (King James) Ecclus. xi. 1 Cast thy bread vpon the waters. View more context for this quotation
1861 T. A. Trollope La Beata II. 73 These hints had not been cast on barren ground.
1864 Ld. Tennyson Flower Once in a golden hour I cast to earth a seed.
e. To throw (dice) from the box. Also absol. Hence †to cast a chance (obsolete).
ΘΚΠ
society > leisure > entertainment > pastimes > game > games of chance > dice-playing > play at dice [verb (transitive)] > throw
cast1458
fling1654
whirla1777
society > leisure > entertainment > pastimes > game > games of chance > play games of chance [verb (intransitive)]
play1340
game1529
nick1611
to cast a chancea1628
to go even or odd1658
gamble1757
gaff1819
buck1849
spiel1859
1458 MS. Christ's Hosp. Abingd. in Dom. Archit. III. 42 They cockid for cartes, & cast for her chisyng.
1565–78 T. Cooper Thesaurus Fritillus, a little boxe to cast dice on the table.
1595 R. Southwell Triumphs over Death 22 God casteth the dice, and giueth vs our chaunce.
a1628 F. Greville Life of Sidney (1651) v. 58 He might..cast a chance for all our goodes, lives, and liberties.
1820 Hoyle's Games Improved 362 Any throw which the caster may be going to cast.
f. To deposit (a voting paper or ticket); to give (a vote).
ΘΚΠ
the mind > will > free will > choice or choosing > expression of choice by some approved method > give (a vote) [verb (transitive)]
pass1642
throw1648
poll1717
record1856
cast1871
society > authority > office > appointment to office > choosing or fact of being chosen for office > election of representative body by vote > proceedings at election > [verb (intransitive)] > vote
vote1549
to give (also record) one's vote1569
poll1678
cast1871
1871 S. Smiles Character x. 273 The immense majority of votes would be cast in favour of Plutarch.
1885 Contemp. Rev. June 886 Inability..to read the ballot they are expected to cast.
ΘΚΠ
the mind > will > free will > choice or choosing > types of choice > make types of choice [verb (intransitive)] > choose or decide by lot > toss coin
to cast cross and pile1637
to toss up1704
toss1831
flip1879
1637 T. Brian Pisse-prophet xii. 98 He should notwithstanding cast crosse and pile which of these [remedies] he should appoint.
1647 E. Marbury Vox Turturis 23 They had a Custome, when buyer and seller could not agree, to draw Cutts (as we do) or cast crosse and pile.
h. to cast lots: see lot n. 1.
i. figurative. To cause to fall or happen.
ΘΚΠ
the world > existence and causation > causation > [verb (transitive)]
wieldeOE
timberc897
letc900
rearOE
doOE
i-wendeOE
workOE
makeOE
bringc1175
raisec1175
shapec1315
to owe (also have) a wold (also on wield)a1325
procurec1330
purchasec1330
causec1340
conform1377
performa1382
excite1398
induce1413
occasionate?c1450
occasionc1454
to bring about1480
gara1500
to bring to passc1513
encause1527
to work out1534
inferc1540
excitate?1549
import1550
ycause1563
frame1576
effect1581
to bring in1584
effectuatea1586
apport?1591
introduce1605
create1607
generate1607
cast1633
efficiate1639
conciliate1646
impetrate1647
state1654
accompass1668
to bring to bear1668
to bring on1671
effectivate1717
makee1719
superinduce1837
birth1913
1633 Bp. J. Hall Plaine Explic. Hard Texts ii. 46 Pray ye that this flight of yours..be not cast upon such a time.
ΘΚΠ
society > armed hostility > military equipment > operation and use of weapons > action of propelling missile > assail with missiles [verb (transitive)] > discharge (missile)
sendc825
to let flyOE
slenga1300
castc1325
lancec1330
throwa1382
launch?a1400
whirlc1440
fling1487
dischargec1500
to let goc1500
streek1513
deliver1574
level1592
fire1887
society > armed hostility > military equipment > operation and use of weapons > action of propelling missile > assail with missiles [verb (transitive)] > discharge (missile) > of weapon
castc1325
shoot?a1366
throwa1382
c1325 Coer de L. 4116 The engyne was bente..A gret ston into the toun was keste.
1330 R. Mannyng Chron. (1810) 165 Bothe day & nyght unto þe toure he kast.
1382 Bible (Wycliffite, E.V.) 2 Kings xiii. 17 Helise seyde, kast an arowe; and he kest.
a1400 (a1325) Cursor Mundi (Vesp.) l. 9890 Þis castel..It es hei sett a-pon þe crag..þan na maner engine o werc Mai cast þar-til it for to derc.
1545 R. Ascham Toxophilus ii. f. 7v So that he [sc. a bow] be..spedye ynough for far casting.
1599 F. Thynne Animaduersions (1875) 41 The trepeget must nedes also be one instrumente to cast stones.
1610 Bible (Douay) II. 1 Macc. vi. 51 Arbalists and engins, and instruments to cast fyre.
3. Said of the sea, waves, wind, or the like: esp. in cast ashore. Cf. to cast away at Phrasal verbs.
ΚΠ
1611 Bible (King James) Acts xxvii. 26 Howbeit we must be cast vpon a certaine Iland.
1618 M. Baret Hipponomie i. 4 Aristippus trauailing to Rhodes by Sea, was cast a-land by shipwracke.
1634 T. Herbert Relation Some Yeares Trauaile 21 The wind blowing strongly, we were cast vpon the shoales..of Mozambique.
4. Said of any similar motion however produced. archaic. (In quot. 1340 used absol.)
ΘΚΠ
the world > space > direction > point or lie in a direction [verb (intransitive)] > aim
cast1340
aimc1380
set14..
to lay, bend, take level1548
butt1553
vizyc1600
to level one's aim1667
to make aim1796
sight1842
1340 Ayenbite (1866) Ase þe wyȝte þet ualþ ine hot weter þet kest hyer and þer, and scoldeþ alle þo þet byeþ þer aboute.
5. † b. intransitive (for reflexive). Obsolete.
a. reflexive. To throw oneself. (Not colloquial.)
ΘΚΠ
the world > movement > motion in a certain direction > downward motion > move downwards [verb (reflexive)] > headlong
cast1330
hurla1375
1330 R. Brunne (1810) 274 Þam to kest smertly to þe assaute.
1579 L. Tomson tr. J. Calvin Serm. Epist. S. Paule to Timothie & Titus 203/2 Not shewing themselues too muche, nor casting themselues at randome.
1611 M. Smith in Bible (King James) Transl. Pref. 2 He casteth himselfe headlong vpon pikes.
1653 H. Cogan tr. F. M. Pinto Voy. & Adventures viii. §2. 23 I cast myself at the feet of the Elephant whereupon the King rode.
1693 tr. J. Le Clerc Mem. Count Teckely ii. 121 To cast themselves on any other side upon the Emperor's Lands.
a1713 T. Ellwood Hist. Life (1714) 14 At length I found Means to cast my self into the Company of the Daughter.
1783 Ainsworth's Thes. Linguæ Latinæ (new ed.) iv. at Alcyone Alcyone..hearing of her husband's death, cast herself into the sea.
1832 Ld. Tennyson Mariana in South in Poems (new ed.) 21 Low on her knees herself she cast.
ΘΚΠ
the world > movement > motion in a certain direction > downward motion > move downwards [verb (intransitive)] > specifically of a person > headlong
castc1300
dustc1330
c1300 St. Brandan 517 Ther-over [A..rock] the see caste i-lome.
6.
a. To throw forth (a net, fishing line, hook, or the like, also the sounding lead, an anchor).
ΘΚΠ
society > travel > travel by water > berthing, mooring, or anchoring > berth, moor, or anchor (a ship) [verb (transitive)] > anchor (a ship) > cast (anchor)
castc1300
shoot1487
weta1600
the world > food and drink > hunting > fishing > type or method of fishing > [verb (transitive)] > catch fish with net > shoot net
shoot1487
cast1526
throw1838
society > travel > travel by water > other nautical operations > [verb (transitive)] > sound depth > throw sounding-lead
cast1535
c1300 (?c1225) King Horn (Cambr.) (1901) l. 1014 Hi strike seil & maste & Ankere gunne caste.
a1450 (c1410) H. Lovelich Hist. Holy Grail xx. l. 122 Heren Ancres they Casten þere Anon, Forto Abyden there that Nyht.
1526 W. Bonde Pylgrimage of Perfection iii. sig. RRiiii He casteth his nettes in vayne, before them that be as byrdes full flygge.
1526 Bible (Tyndale) Acts xxvii. 29 They caste iiii ancres out of the sterne [ Wyclif, sendinge foure ancris; 1611 cast foure ancres].
1535 Bible (Coverdale) Acts xxvii. C They cast out the leade, and founde it twentye feddoms.
1612 B. Jonson Alchemist ii. iv. sig. E4v The Temple-church, there I haue cast mine angle. View more context for this quotation
1653 T. Barker Art of Angling 5 You can cast your Flie..: be sure you be casting alwayes downe the stream.
1674 J. Evelyn Navigation & Commerce 101 Those of Flanders, who never presum'd to cast a Net without Permission.
1798 E. Berry in Ld. Nelson Disp. & Lett. (1845) III. 51 Hauling the braces, etc., preparatory to our casting anchor.
1855 T. B. Macaulay Hist. Eng. III. 353 Some angler casting his fly on the foam of the river.
1860 E. B. Pusey Minor Prophets 413 Shall he..cast his emptied net, unceasingly.
b. Hawking. to cast a lure.
ΘΚΠ
the world > food and drink > hunting > hawking > hawk [verb (intransitive)] > hawking procedures
rebuke1486
whistlea1575
to cast a lure1683
to get in1686
1683 J. Dryden Epil. in Prol. to the King & Queen sig. B2 Methinks some Vizard Masque I see, Cast out her Lure from the mid Gallery.
1704 Dict. Rusticum at Faulcon Cast the Lure so near her, that she may catch it within the length of her lease.
c. intransitive (for reflexive) of an anchor.
ΘΚΠ
society > travel > travel by water > berthing, mooring, or anchoring > berth, moor, or anchor [verb (intransitive)] > anchor > of anchor: plunge into depths
cast1646
1646 H. Lawrence Of Communion & Warre with Angels 171 Our anchor casts deepe in heaven.
d. transitive. To throw the line over (a piece of water).
ΘΚΠ
the world > food and drink > hunting > fishing > type or method of fishing > [verb (transitive)] > cast
throw?a1425
whip1832
flog1859
cast1892
shoot1931
roll cast1972
1892 [see castable adj. at Derivatives].
1892 Field 1 Oct. 522/2 I therefore began to cast the lower portion of the pool.
1900 Westm. Gaz. 19 Jan. 3/1 On Nov. 30 they can cast the classic waters of the Tweed.
1953 J. Masters Lotus & Wind xviii. 229 She..took her rod and..began listlessly to cast the pool.
7. † b. Formerly, also, to cast a thought, a reflection upon; to cast one's heart, affections, etc. (now, to set); also, to cast love, favour, a fancy unto. Obsolete.
a. to cast an eye, glance, look, etc. Still in common use.
ΘΚΠ
the world > physical sensation > sight and vision > seeing or looking > see [verb (intransitive)] > look or behold
belookeOE
lookeOE
beseec1000
stareOE
showOE
beholdc1175
seec1225
heedc1275
witec1320
advisec1325
to see to ——a1375
rewarda1382
to cast an eye, glance, lookc1385
blush?a1400
glift?a1400
visea1400
considerc1400
vizy1513
regard1523
spectate1709
to have a see1839
look-see1862
vision1898
screw1905
shufti1943
to take (or have) a shufti1943
c1385 G. Chaucer Legend Good Women 1852 As she felle adoun she kaste hir loke.
a1450 Knt. de la Tour 57 For a leude loke that he kiste on Barsaba.
1577 B. Googe tr. C. Heresbach Foure Bks. Husbandry iii. f. 124 Horses..yf they cast their looke vpon their belly.
1608 W. Shakespeare King Lear xx. 12 How feareful And dizi tis to cast ones eyes so low. View more context for this quotation
1662 E. Stillingfleet Origines Sacræ Ded. 2 Cast your eye on the matter contained in it.
1697 J. Dryden tr. Virgil Georgics iv, in tr. Virgil Wks. 143 Th' unwary Lover cast his Eyes behind. View more context for this quotation
1812 J. Wilson Isle of Palms iii. 866 They cast their eyes around the isle.
1816 W. Scott Antiquary III. xv. 313 I have sometimes thought that you have cast your eyes upon Miss Wardour.
1863 ‘G. Eliot’ Romola I. vi. 120 He cast a keen glance of surprise at the group before him.
ΘΚΠ
the mind > emotion > love > amorous love > be in love or infatuated with [verb (transitive)] > devote oneself in love to
to cast love, favour, a fancy unto1297
to cast one's heart, affections1297
the mind > mental capacity > thought > continued thinking, reflection, contemplation > thinking about, consideration, deliberation > think about, consider [verb (intransitive)]
thinkOE
thinkOE
bethinka1200
umthinka1300
to have mind ofc1300
casta1340
studya1375
delivera1382
to chew the cudc1384
to take advisementa1393
stema1400
compassc1400
advisec1405
deliberc1405
to make it wisec1405
to take deliberationc1405
enter?a1413
riddlec1426
hovec1440
devise?c1450
to study by (also in) oneself?c1450
considerc1460
porec1500
regard1523
deliberate1543
to put on one's thinking or considering cap1546
contemplate1560
consult1565
perpend1568
vise1568
to consider of1569
weigh1573
ruminate1574
dascanc1579
to lay to (one's) heart1588
pondera1593
debate1594
reflect1596
comment1597
perponder1599
revolvea1600
rumine1605
consider on, upon1606
to think twice1623
reflex1631
spell1645
ponderatea1652
to turn about1725
to cast a thought, a reflection upon1736
to wake over1771
incubatea1847
mull1857
fink1888
1297 R. Gloucester's Chron. (1810) 151 Þe kyng in hys syde ys herte al up hym caste.
c1385 G. Chaucer Legend Good Women 1878 Ther as they kaste hir hert, there it dwelleth.
1470–85 T. Malory Morte d'Arthur (1816) I. 36 The king cast great love unto her.
?1529 R. Hyrde tr. J. L. Vives Instr. Christen Woman i. xvi. sig. Sv Men neuer caste any fauoure to a woman, but for some good propretie.
1601 P. Holland tr. Pliny Hist. World I. 64 An harlot that Anniball cast a fancie vnto.
c1665 L. Hutchinson Life in Mem. Col. Hutchinson (1973) 283 A rich widow..cast her affections upon him.
1736 Bp. J. Butler Analogy of Relig. i. iii. 46 Who casts a transient Reflection upon the Subject.
ΘΚΠ
the world > movement > motion in a certain direction > going or coming out > letting or sending out > let or send out [verb (transitive)] > emit
send971
stretchc1275
casta1300
sheda1325
manda1350
to throw outa1413
yielda1450
devoida1475
render1481
reflair1509
sup out1513
to give out1530
utter1536
spout1568
to give fortha1586
to let fly1590
to put out1614
eject1616
evacuate1622
ejaculate1625
emit1626
fling1637
outsend1647
exert1660
extramit1668
exclude1677
emane1708
extromita1711
evolve1772
emanate1797
discharge1833
exsert1835
to give off1840
a1300 Cursor Mundi 23218 Euer it brennes dai and night, bot neuermare it castes light.
c1400 (?c1390) Sir Gawain & Green Knight (1940) l. 2001 Clowdes kesten kenly þe colde to þe erþe.
a1522 G. Douglas in tr. Virgil Æneid (1960) xiii. Prol. 68 Hornyt Lucyn castand bot dym lycht.
1637 S. Rutherford Lett. (1863) I. clxxxi. 436 How soon can he with his flint cast fire.
1667 J. Milton Paradise Lost i. 183 Voyd of light, Save what the glimmering of these livid flames Casts pale and dreadful. View more context for this quotation
1695 J. Woodward Ess. Nat. Hist. Earth 206 This..casts a sulphureous smell.
1704 Dict. Rusticum at England Coal..casts a greater heat, and is more lasting.
1742 A. Pope New Dunciad 531 Turn'd to the Sun, she casts a thousand dyes.
9. † b. intransitive (for reflexive). Obsolete.
a. To throw or cause to fall (light, etc.) on or over any object, or in some particular direction. Now chiefly in cast a shadow (on).
ΘΚΠ
the world > space > direction > direct [verb (transitive)] > cause to fall in specific direction
casta1400
falla1774
pitch1785
a1400 (a1325) Cursor Mundi (Gött.) l. 10060 Þe grace þat of hir brestis, Ouer all þis world þat grace it kestis.
a1400 (a1325) Cursor Mundi (Vesp.) l. 9925 It castes lem ouer al sa bright, þat reches to þe dunjon light.
1535 Bible (Coverdale) Judith ix. 8 Castinge a thick darcknes before them.
1630 Bp. J. Hall Occas. Medit. §iii The Sunne darkens the full Moone, in casting the shadow of the Earth upon her opposed face.
1630 Bp. J. Hall Occas. Medit. §xxxii He can discerne another man by that light, which is cast before him.
1738 A. Pope One Thousand Seven Hundred & Thirty Eight Dialogue II 8 Or round a Quaker's Beaver cast a Glory.
1752 J. Gill Doctr. Trinity (ed. 2) iii. 72 Though they do not prove the doctrine of the Trinity, yet they cast some light upon it.
1803 T. Campbell Poems 4 Coming events cast their shadows before.
1830 Ld. Tennyson Poems 79 There is no bright form Doth not cast a shade.
1860 J. Ruskin Mod. Painters V. 33 Every shadow which one casts on the next.
1860 J. Tyndall Glaciers of Alps i. §16. 106 A pine-fire was..casting its red light upon the surrounding objects.
ΘΚΠ
the world > movement > impact > impinge [verb (intransitive)] > upon a particular place or position > specifically of light or shade
strike1662
cast1692
1692 Smith's Sea-mans Gram. (new ed.) ii. 162 I..find the Shadow of the top of the Tower to cast at D.
1704 Dict. Rusticum at Low Bell The light will cast a great distance before you very broad.
c. to cast (a thing) into the shade: usually figurative.
ΚΠ
1884 Manch. Examiner 2 May 4/7 Internal taxation..is so excessive..as to cast even an illiberal tariff into the shade.
ΘΚΠ
society > communication > indication > gesturing or gesture > other gestures > [verb (transitive)] > gesture with head
casta1225
wave1604
society > communication > indication > gesturing or gesture > other gestures > [verb (transitive)] > shrug (the shoulders)
castc1450
shruga1549
fike1788
a1225 Leg. Kath. 1351 Þe keiser kaste his heaued, as wod mon, of wreððe.
c1450 How Good Wijf (Lamb. 853) in Babees Bk. (2002) i. 39 Braundische not with þin heed, þi schuldris þou ne caste.
?1518 Cocke Lorelles Bote sig. B.vv Than Cocke cast a syde his hede.
1792 R. Burns Poems & Songs (1968) II. 667 Maggie coost her heed fu' high.
II. To throw down, overthrow, defeat.† 15. To defeat in competition. Chiefly in passive. Obsolete or dialect.† 16. To find or declare guilty; to convict. Obsolete.† 17.
11. To throw down, throw on the ground.
ΘΚΠ
the world > movement > motion in a certain direction > downward motion > causing to come or go down > cause to come or go down [verb (transitive)] > throw down
to throw adownc1275
downcastc1390
dejectc1420
cast1481
to cast down1535
terre1586
to throw down1714
1481 W. Caxton tr. Hist. Reynard Fox (1970) 5 The wulf caste his gloue to fight with the foxe.
1755 S. Johnson Dict. Eng. Lang. (at cited word) The king was cast from his throne.
1861 W. M. Thackeray Four Georges iii. 162 Low he lies..who was cast lower than the poorest.
12. To throw (a beast) on its back or side. The past participle is used of a sheep or other beast that has got upon its back, and is unable to rise.
ΘΚΠ
the world > food and drink > farming > animal husbandry > animal keeping practices general > [verb (transitive)] > throw on back
cast1577
1577 B. Googe tr. C. Heresbach Foure Bks. Husbandry iii. f. 132 For kibed heeles, take and cast him, and bind his legges fast togeather.
1607 E. Topsell Hist. Foure-footed Beastes 401 Cast the horse..and with that Oyle rubbe the Splent.
1810 Treat. Choice, Buying, &c., Live Stock 63 The animal is first cast, or thrown, and his legs bound.
1882 G. J. Romanes Animal Intelligence xvi. 448 A collie which..would run off to seek any sheep that might be cast, and..assist it to rise.
1886 Sat. Rev. 6 Mar. 327 Granted..that it is a triumph of ingenuity [for a horse] to get cast in a loose box half as big as a barn.
13. To throw to the ground, esp. in wrestling; figurative to overthrow (an antagonist). archaic or dialect.
ΘΚΠ
the world > movement > motion in a certain direction > downward motion > causing to come or go down > cause to come or go down [verb (transitive)] > bring to the ground/lay low > cast down
warpc1175
acastc1225
to throw downa1250
foldc1275
casta1300
throwc1330
waltc1400
shootc1480
to cast down1530
to fling down1587
stern1599
deject1627
society > leisure > sport > types of sport or game > fighting sports > wrestling > wrestle with [verb (transitive)] > manoeuvres
casta1300
hurl1613
hip1675
back-clamp1713
buttock1823
fling1825
hipe1835
cross-buttock1878
pin1879
hank1881
hammer-lock1905
scissor1907
body slam1932
powerbomb1993
a1300 Cursor Mundi 25671 Þe feindes fraistes me ful fast, wele i hope i sal þaim cast.
c1400 Gamelyn 245 And kaste him on the lefte syde that thre ribbes tobrak.
1490 W. Caxton tr. Foure Sonnes of Aymon (1885) i. 55 Guenes..casted hym ded to the erth.
1580 J. Lyly Euphues (Arb.) 158 Either she should sit fast, or else I should cast her.
a1615 Balnagown MS in W. R. Baillie Breve Cron. Earlis of Ross (1850) 1 He had sic craft in wrasling, that he cuist all men that assilȝeit him.
a1616 W. Shakespeare Macbeth (1623) ii. iii. 40 Though he tooke vp my Legges sometime, yet I made a Shift to cast him. View more context for this quotation
1887 Cornhill Mag., Gaverocks i. 6 His father..tripped up his heels, and cast him sprawling on his back.
14. To defeat in an action at law.
ΘΚΠ
society > law > administration of justice > court proceedings or procedure > action of courts in claims or grievances > carry on or institute (an action) [verb (transitive)] > sue or institute action against > sue successfully > defeat in lawsuit
cast?1542
?1542 H. Brinkelow Complaynt Roderyck Mors viii. sig. C2v The promoter payth no charges though he be cast.
1655 T. Fuller Church-hist. Brit. iii. 20 Their cause thereby was cast by their own confession.
1659 H. Hammond Paraphr. & Annot. Psalms (li. 4 Paraphr.) 262 What ever suite thou wagest against me, thou art sure to cast me.
1730 H. Fielding Temple Beau ii. xiii. 28 I have resolved never to go to Law with a Beggar, or a Lord: the One you will never cast, and the Other you will get nothing by casting.
1817 J. Mill Hist. Brit. India I. ii. iv. 144 A punishment seems to be inflicted on the defendant in all actions for debt wherein he is cast.
1854 H. Miller Schools & Schoolmasters (1857) xxii. 495 The magistrates were cast in damages.
ΘΚΠ
the world > action or operation > prosperity > success > mastery or superiority > have or gain mastery or superiority over [verb (transitive)] > overcome or defeat
shendc893
overwinOE
overheaveOE
mate?c1225
to say checkmatea1346
vanquishc1366
stightlea1375
outrayc1390
to put undera1393
forbeat1393
to shave (a person's) beardc1412
to put to (also at, unto) the (also one's) worsec1425
adawc1440
supprisec1440
to knock downc1450
to put to the worsta1475
waurc1475
convanquish1483
to put out1485
trima1529
convince1548
foil1548
whip1571
evict1596
superate1598
reduce1605
convict1607
defail1608
cast1610
banga1616
evince1620
worst1646
conquer1655
cuffa1657
trounce1657
to ride down1670
outdo1677
routa1704
lurcha1716
fling1790
bowl1793
lick1800
beat1801
mill1810
to row (someone) up Salt River1828
defeat1830
sack1830
skunk1832
whop1836
pip1838
throw1850
to clean out1858
take1864
wallop1865
to sock it to1877
whack1877
to clean up1888
to beat out1893
to see off1919
to lower the boom on1920
tonk1926
clobber1944
ace1950
to run into the ground1955
1610 J. Healey tr. J. L. Vives in tr. St. Augustine Citie of God i. iii. 6 Shee [i.e. Juno] was cast, in the contention of beauty, by the iudgement of Paris.
1628 O. Felltham Resolves: 2nd Cent. lxxii*. sig. V8v Iuno was content with her beauty, till the Troian Youth cast her, by advancing Venus.
1686 Bp. G. Burnet Some Lett. conc. Switzerland i. 57 A man may have more then two thirds sure, and yet be cast in a competition.
ΘΚΠ
society > law > administration of justice > court proceedings or procedure > judging > conviction or judicial condemnation > convict or condemn [verb (transitive)]
fordeemc1000
attain1330
filec1330
condemna1340
shape1340
dem1377
convictc1380
reprovea1382
damnc1384
overtakea1393
attainta1400
taintc1400
commita1425
vanquish1502
convincea1535
cast1536
convanquish1540
deprehend1598
forejudge1603
do1819
1536 J. Russell Let. 12 May in Lisle Papers (P.R.O.: SP 3/7/35) f. 45 This day M. Norres wt suche other as you knowe ar caste, and the Quene shall go to her Iugement on Monday next.
1649 J. Milton Εικονοκλαστης ii. 15 The Commons by farr the greater number cast him; the Lords..agreed likewise to the Sentence.
1655 T. Stanley Hist. Philos. I. iii. 37 Socrates was cast by 281. voices.
a1715 Bp. G. Burnet Hist. Own Time (1724) I. 25 When it went to the vote, seven acquitted, but eight cast him.
1850 G. Grote Hist. Greece VIII. ii. lxvii. 463 There was no man..who might not be cast or condemned, or fail in his own suit, even with right on his side.
a. To condemn. Const. for (the penalty).
ΚΠ
1567 J. Jewel Def. Apol. Churche Eng. (1611) 107 Thinke you, he would determine matters, before he knew them: So might he cast Christ, and quit Barabbas.
1649 R. Lovelace Poems (1659) 155 As a prisoner new cast Who sleeps in chaines that night his last.
1709 J. Strype Ann. Reformation xv. 192 Strangways and his crew..were..all cast to suffer death.
a1715 Bp. G. Burnet Hist. Own Time (1724) I. 434 He was cast: And he prepared himself very seriously for death.
1772 H. Mackenzie Man of World (1823) ii. xxii. 495 I was tried for the crime, & was cast for transportation.
1816 J. H. Vaux in A. Knapp & W. Baldwin Newgate Cal. Cast for death for privately stealing.
b. figurative and transferred. To condemn.
ΘΚΠ
society > law > administration of justice > court proceedings or procedure > judging > sentencing > sentence [verb (transitive)]
deemOE
awreaka1300
judgec1300
castc1390
adjudgec1450
awarda1538
sentence1592
doom1594
destinate1611
censurea1616
condemn1653
arraign1658
adjudicatea1681
c1390 (?c1350) Joseph of Arimathie (1871) l. 117 ‘What, mon?’ quaþ þe kyng ‘þou castest þiseluen.’
1567 T. Harman Caueat for Commen Cursetors (new ed.) sig. Hi The learned lawes do quite or do cast, Such sutile searchers.
1606 T. Dekker Seuen Deadly Sinnes London i. sig. B4 Thy last will, at the last day, will be an Inditement to cast thee.
1669 W. Penn No Cross, No Crown (1682) i. §10. 17 That..thy unsutable & un-Christ-like life may not cast thee at that great assize of the world.
III. To throw off, out, away: with stress on the notion of getting quit of or losing.† 26. To ejaculate, utter (words), heave (a sigh).
18. † b. Of a pen, etc.: To shed (ink, colour).
a. To throw off. Of a horse: to cast his rider (archaic or dialect), to cast a shoe (the ordinary phrase).
ΘΚΠ
society > travel > transport > riding on horse (or other animal) > ride (a horse or other animal) [verb (transitive)] > keep one's seat on (a horse) > unseat, throw (the rider)
casta1300
unhorse1390
throwa1425
unsaddlea1470
unseat1596
dismounta1616
fall1688
to funk (a person) off1821
unship1831
dishorse1859
to buck off1881
shift1891
the world > animals > mammals > group Ungulata (hoofed) > family Equidae (general equines) > horse defined by purpose used for > [verb (transitive)] > carry rider > throw off rider
casta1300
the world > animals > mammals > group Ungulata (hoofed) > family Equidae (general equines) > body or parts of horse > [verb (intransitive)] > cast a shoe
to cast a shoe1816
a1300 Cursor Mundi 27067 Quen man has casten his birthing o sin þat on him forwit lai.
1477 Earl Rivers tr. Dictes or Sayengis Philosophhres (Caxton) (1877) lf. 32v Like the hors that casteth his maistre.
1596 E. Spenser Second Pt. Faerie Queene iv. iv. sig. D6v To stumble, that his rider nigh he cast . View more context for this quotation
1651 N. Bacon Contin. Hist. Disc. Govt. xxiii. 185 Having once won the saddle, he is loath to be cast.
a1700 Trooper's Proph. in Sc. Pasquils (1868) 271 Sir Presbyter, ye spur Your speavie mear too fast..Your covenant she'll cast.
1816 W. Scott Antiquary I. i. 18 One of the horses had cast a fore-foot shoe.
1822 T. Bewick Mem. 24 One may soon get what one will never cast.
1840 W. M. Thackeray Catherine vii The horse had cast a shoe.
ΘΚΠ
society > communication > writing > writing materials > writing instrument > [verb (transitive)] > shed ink or colour
cast1639
1639 T. Fuller Hist. Holy Warre ii. xxv. 76 His penne will seldome cast ink, when he meeteth with the corruption of the Romish court.
1686 A. Horneck Crucified Jesus xxv. 841 If..the Pencil in his Hand should..cast no colour.
19. To throw off (clothes). Now chiefly dialect (esp. Scottish), except where it has the sense of ‘discard’, = throw off for good or for the season, cease to wear. Cf. cast off at sense to cast off 2 at Phrasal verbs.
ΘΚΠ
the world > textiles and clothing > clothing > providing with clothing > undressing or removing clothing > undress or remove clothing [verb (transitive)] > take off clothing
to do offeOE
to lay downc1275
to weve offc1290
stripc1320
doffa1375
loose1382
ofdrawa1393
casta1400
to take offa1400
warpa1400
to cast offc1400
to catch offc1400
waivec1400
voidc1407
to put off?a1425
to wap offc1440
to lay from, offc1480
despoil1483
to pull offc1500
slip1535
devest1566
to shift off1567
daff1609
discuss1640
to lay off1699
strip1762
douse1780
shuffle1837
derobe1841
shed1858
skin1861
peel1888
pull1888
the world > textiles and clothing > clothing > providing with clothing > undressing or removing clothing > undress or remove clothing [verb (transitive)] > take off clothing > for good or the season
casta1845
a1400 (a1325) Cursor Mundi (Vesp.) l. 21527 Of he kest al to his serk.
1711 J. Addison Spectator No. 98. ¶1 They have cast their Head-dresses in order to surprize us.
1713 J. Dryden Wife of Bath in Fables (ed. 2) 470 In virtue cloath'd, to cast the Rags of Sin.
1787 R. Burns Poems & Songs (1968) I. 50 Till Suthron raise, an' coost their claise Behind him in a raw, man.
a1845 T. Hood Mermaid of Margate i The widow comes..to cast her weeds.
a1889 Old maxim. Cast not a clout till May be out.
20. † b. To give birth to, bear (young); to lay (eggs), deposit (spawn). Obsolete or dialect.† c. To void (excrements). Obsolete.
a. To throw off in process of growth (esp. the skin, as reptiles, caterpillars); also (somewhat archaic or dialect) to shed (hair, horns, teeth, leaves).
ΘΚΠ
the world > life > biology > physical aspects or shapes > physical arrangement or condition > [verb (transitive)] > shed parts
cast1486
1486 Bk. St. Albans E iv b At saynt andrew day his hornys he will cast.
1587 J. Hooker Chron. Ireland 113/2 in Holinshed's Chron. (new ed.) II As the woolfe which often casteth his haires but neuer changeth his conditions.
1626 F. Bacon Sylua Syluarum §732 The Creatures that cast their Skin are, the Snake, the Viper, the Grashopper, the Lizard, the Silk-worm, etc.
1647 N. Bacon Hist. Disc. Govt. xlvii. 123 The Eagle had cast its feathers and could towre no more.
1653 I. Walton Compl. Angler iii. 92 The Holly or Oak are longer before they cast their Leaves. View more context for this quotation
1678 S. Butler Hudibras: Third Pt. iii. ii. 131 Though th' have Tricks to cast their Sins, As easie as Serpents do their Skins.
1704 Dict. Rusticum at Oxen He will cast his two foremost Teeth in ten Months of his first Year.
1789 G. White Let. in Nat. Hist. Selborne 253 A skin or coat, which must be cast before the insect can arrive at it's perfect state.
1801 J. Strutt Glig-gamena Angel-ðeod i. ii. 33 At the moulting time, when they cast their feathers.
ΘΚΠ
the world > animals > animal body > general parts > sexual organs and reproduction > [verb (transitive)] > give birth to
bearOE
whelpc1175
kindle?c1225
hatcha1350
yeana1387
calvea1425
producea1513
dam1577
cast1587
rewhelp1605
render1607
store1611
drop1662
warp1738
kit1758
kitten1824
throw1824
cub1864
the world > animals > animal body > general parts > sexual organs and reproduction > [verb (transitive)] > give birth to > lay (eggs)
layc1000
warpa1340
cast1587
spawna1616
spawna1617
deposit1692
oviposit1847
spit1847
1587 G. Turberville Tragicall Tales f. 81v Shee was the fairest hewde..that euer kinde Had cast.
1653 I. Walton Compl. Angler i. 26 There be divers fishes that cast their spawne on flags and stones. View more context for this quotation
1711 J. Addison Spectator No. 120. ¶5 Some Creatures cast their Eggs as Chance directs them.
1774 O. Goldsmith Hist. Earth IV. 174 They make a second departure in March to cast their young.
1776 D. Herd Anc. & Mod. Sc. Songs (ed. 2) II. 7 Four-and-twenty gude milk kye..a' cast in ae year.
ΘΚΠ
the world > life > the body > organs of excretion > defecation or urination > defecation > [verb (transitive)]
shita1382
to defy out1382
deliver?a1425
cack1485
evacuate1542
scour1577
shoot1594
foil1599
exstercorate1609
to dung outa1642
move1645
cast1704
to do one's doings1957
1704 Dict. Rusticum at Badger One [sort] casteth his Fiants long like a Fox.
1704 Dict. Rusticum at Wolf-Hunting The Bitch casteth her Fraunts commonly in the midst of the High-way.
d. To ‘yield’ (as corn). dialect.
ΚΠ
1879 G. F. Jackson Shropshire Word-bk. 'Ow did that w'eät cast as yo' wun thrashin'? Middlin' like..it dunna cast like it did last 'ear.
21. esp. To throw off, or shed, or drop, out of due season; to give birth to or bear prematurely. (In common use of animals, fruit trees.)
ΘΚΠ
the world > life > source or principle of life > birth > confinement > confine or deliver [verb (transitive)] > give birth > complications of childbirth or pregnancy
cast1477
lose1928
the world > plants > by growth or development > grow, sprout, or bear fruit [verb (transitive)] > bring forth, produce, or bear > prematurely
cast1611
1477 Norton Ord. Alch. v, in Ashm. Theat. Chem. (1652) 71 A Mare woll cast her Foale.
?1523 J. Fitzherbert Bk. Husbandry f. xxx Lasse hurte..to haue his cowe to cast her calfe than an ewe to caste her lambe.
1549 M. Coverdale et al. tr. Erasmus Paraphr. Newe Test. II. 1 Cor. xv. f. xxxix An vnseasonable borne apostle..lyke an vnperfite chyld, rather caste, than wel borne.
1587 W. Harrison Descr. Eng. ii. xxi The spring maketh him that drinketh it to cast all his teeth.
1602 Returne fr. Parnassus (Arb.) iii. v. 46 It was a terrible feare that made vs cast our haire.
1611 Bible (King James) Rev. vi. 13 As a figge tree casteth her vntimely figs when she is shaken of a mighty winde. View more context for this quotation
1617 J. Moore Mappe Mans Mortal. iii. iii. 199 The Elephant (being coursed) casteth her precious tooth and so escapeth.
1658 tr. J. Ussher Ann. World 220 Darius his wife..cast the child of which she went, and died.
1882 Garden 168/3 Nature may..relieve herself by casting the whole of the crop.
22. Of bees: To throw off (a swarm); generally absol. to swarm. (The ordinary term in Scottish.)
ΘΚΠ
the world > animals > invertebrates > phylum Arthropoda > class Insecta > order Hymenoptera > [verb (intransitive)] > swarm (of bees)
swarmc1386
cast?1523
knit1577
warpa1824
the world > animals > invertebrates > phylum Arthropoda > class Insecta > order Hymenoptera > [verb (transitive)] > throw off a swarm (of bees)
cast?1523
?1523 J. Fitzherbert Bk. Husbandry f. xxxvii In June and July they do most commenly cast.
?1523 J. Fitzherbert Bk. Husbandry f. xxxvii At the tyme that they shall cast the swarme.
1577 B. Googe tr. C. Heresbach Foure Bks. Husbandry iv. f. 188v From the fifth Ides of May, till the tenth, or the twelfth of Iune, they vse to cast their swarms.
1609 C. Butler Feminine Monarchie v. sig. E6v A yeereling..doth..naturally & vsually cast twise, a prime-swarme & an after-swarme.
1747 R. Maxwell Pract. Bee-master 34 A Hive, which, to Appearance, was ready to cast.
23. † a. Of plants: To throw out (branches or shoots). Obsolete.
ΘΚΠ
the world > plants > by growth or development > grow, sprout, or bear fruit [verb (transitive)] > sprout or put forth new growth
cast1340
burgeon1382
shoot1526
sprit1559
sprout1574
to put forth1592
to cast forth1611
to put out1614
emit1660
push1676
tiller1677
to throw out1733
to throw up1735
tillerate1762
flush1877
1340 Ayenbite (1866) 31 Þis zenne his a to kuead rote þet kest uele kueade boȝes.
1631 G. Markham Inrichm. Weald of Kent (1668) ii. i. 11 The former Marle..is but a dead Clod..nor casteth any profitable grass at all.
b. Of crops: to yield, bear fruit, produce. dialect.
ΚΠ
1890 A. Gissing Village Hampden I. vii. 186 They tell me as the Lammas wheat be a-casting badly.
1893 Field 8 Apr. 530/1 A dry March..is of universally good omen for the coming corn crops. These never ‘cast’ so well as they do when a warm soil causes the under ground progress to be earlier and quicker than is that above the surface.
24. to cast colour: to lose colour, become pale, fade, esp. by the action of light. Also absol. in modern dialect use.
ΘΚΠ
the world > matter > colour > state or mode of having colour > absence of colour > lose colour [verb (intransitive)]
fade13..
to cast coloura1375
staina1387
faint1430
dow1502
discolour1612
dilute1764
decolorize1908
a1375 (c1350) William of Palerne (1867) l. 881 He cast al his colour and bi-com pale.
?a1400 Morte Arth. 118 The kynge keste colours..with crouelle lates.
1889 N.E.D. at Cast Mod.Sc. A very good colour, if it do not cast.
25. figurative.1632 S. Rutherford Lett. (1863) I. xxiii. 91 Let your soul..cast at all things and disdain them, except one only.a1665 W. Guthrie Serm. Regen. (1709) 25 They have broken the Covenant casten at his Ordinances.
a. To throw up from within; to vomit. to cast the gorge: to vomit violently, or make violent attempts to vomit. Now, only of hawks or other birds (exc. dialect).
ΘΚΠ
the world > health and disease > ill health > a disease > disorders of internal organs > digestive disorders > have digestive disorder [verb (transitive)] > vomit
spew971
aspewc1200
to gulch out?c1225
casta1300
vomea1382
brake1393
evacuec1400
to cast outa1425
deliver?a1425
voida1425
evomec1450
evomit?a1475
disgorge1477
to cast up1483
degorge1493
vomish1536
retch1538
parbreak1540
reject1540
vomit1541
evacuate1542
revomit1545
belch1558
vomit1560
to lay up1570
upvomit1582
to fetch up1599
puke1601
respew1606
inbelch1610
spew1610
to throw up1614
exgurgitate1623
out-spew1647
egurgitate1656
to throw off1660
to bring up1719
pick1828
sick1924
yark1927
barf1960
to park the tiger1970
vom1991
the world > food and drink > hunting > hawking > action of hawk > [verb (transitive)] > other actions
to cast the gorge1535
coast1569
to make its (also her) point1595
crab1674
the world > health and disease > ill health > a disease > disorders of internal organs > digestive disorders > have digestive disorder [verb (intransitive)] > retch
bolk1495
retch1538
reach1575
heave1601
keck1601
to cast the gorge1614
keckle1619
yesk1664
strain1678
gag?1706
a1300 Cursor Mundi 26783 Þai þaim to þair filthes fest als hund to þat he forwit kest.
a1398 J. Trevisa tr. Bartholomaeus Anglicus De Proprietatibus Rerum (BL Add. 27944) (1975) II. xvii. xciii. 984 Seed þerof [sc. lappa]..helpeþ hem þat casteþ blood.
1486 Bk. St. Albans C vij Ye se yowre hawke nesyng and Castyng wat thorogh her Nostrellis.
1535 D. Lindsay Satyre 4355 Till scho had castin ane cuppill of quarts.
1614 W. Raleigh Hist. World i. v. iii. §18. 564 Somwhat, that shall make him cast his gorge.
a1616 W. Shakespeare Timon of Athens (1623) iv. iii. 41.
1768 A. Ross Fortunate Shepherdess 56 (Jam.) Gut and ga' she keest wi' braking strange.
1835–6 Todd's Cycl. Anat. & Physiol. I. 324/2 The undigestible parts of the prey of the Owl..are regularly cast or regurgitated from the stomach.
b. absol. Also figurative.
ΘΚΠ
the world > health and disease > ill health > a disease > disorders of internal organs > digestive disorders > have digestive disorder [verb (intransitive)] > vomit
spewc897
vomea1382
brake1393
perbreak?a1400
castc1440
envomish1480
parbreak1495
vomita1500
to cast the crawa1529
to cast (up), heave, spue up, vomit one's gorgea1529
galpa1535
to cast out1561
puke1586
purge1596
void1605
to jerk, shoot, whip the cat1609
rid1647
to flay the fox1653
posset1781
to shoot the cat1785
to throw up1793
throw1804
cascade1805
reject1822
yark1867
sick1924
to toss (also shoot, blow, etc.) one's cookies1927
to lose a dinner (or a meal)1941
to spew one's ring1949
chunder1950
barf1960
upchuck1960
yuck1963
ralph1966
to go for the big spit1967
vom1991
the world > health and disease > ill health > animal disease or disorder > disorders of birds > of birds: have disorder [verb (intransitive)] > vomit
cast1850
c1440 Promptorium Parvulorum 63 Castyn or brakyn [King's Cambr. as man owt the stomack].
1493 Festivall (1515) 52 He might not receyue ye sacrament for castynge.
1607 E. Topsell Hist. Foure-footed Beastes 356 These feathers will make him to cast immediatly at the nose.
1623 J. Hart tr. P. van Foreest Arraignm. Vrines v. 110.
1733 A. Pope Impertinent 11 Like a big Wife at sight of loathsome Meat, Ready to cast.
1850 Fraser's Mag. 557 The swallow casts after the fashion of a hawk or owl.
c. Said also of the sea, a volcano, etc.
ΘΚΠ
the world > movement > motion in a certain direction > going or coming out > letting or sending out > let or send out [verb (transitive)] > eject
warpc1000
wreaka1300
out-throwa1393
excludec1400
shootc1400
spitc1400
deliver?a1425
outflingc1450
springc1480
bolka1522
vomit1552
spurge1582
out-braid1586
hurl1590
cast1601
spew1605
eject1607
ejaculate1609
spew1610
to cast out1611
throw1625
eructate1632
gullop1646
explode1660
to throw off1660
belch1668
1601 P. Holland tr. Pliny Hist. World I. 106 The hill Chimæra, which casteth flames of fire euery night.
1606 No-body & Some-body sig. C2v All the chimneyes shall cast smoake at once.
a1616 W. Shakespeare Tempest (1623) ii. i. 256 We all were sea-swallow'd, though some cast againe. View more context for this quotation
ΘΚΠ
the mind > language > speech > speak, say, or utter [verb (transitive)]
speakc825
queatheOE
forthdoc900
i-seggenc900
sayeOE
speak971
meleOE
quidOE
spella1000
forthbringc1000
givec1175
warpa1225
mootc1225
i-schirea1250
upbringa1250
outsay?c1250
spilec1275
talec1275
wisea1300
crackc1315
nevena1325
cast1330
rehearsec1330
roundc1330
spend1362
carpa1375
sermona1382
to speak outc1384
usea1387
minc1390
pronouncea1393
lancec1400
mellc1400
nurnc1400
slingc1400
tellc1400
wordc1400
yelpc1400
worka1425
utterc1444
outspeakc1449
yielda1450
arecchec1460
roose?a1475
cutc1525
to come forth with1532
bubble1536
prolate1542
report1548
prolocute1570
bespeak1579
wield1581
upbraid1587
up with (also mid) ——1594
name1595
upbrayc1600
discoursea1616
tonguea1616
to bring out1665
voice1665
emit1753
lip1789
to out with1802
pitch1811
go1836
to open one's head1843
vocabulize1861
shoot1915
verbal1920
be1982
1330 R. Mannyng Chron. (1810) 295 Þe kest all suilk a crie, þat men mot here a myle.
a1400 (a1325) Cursor Mundi (Vesp.) l. 10464 Wit the bolnning of hir hert, Sco kest sum wordes son ouerthuert.
c1450 Sir Beues (MS. M.) 2740 The dragon had of ham a smell And he keste vp a gret yell.
1490 W. Caxton tr. Foure Sonnes of Aymon (1885) xxii. 485 Whan the byshop turpyn sawe this, he casted a grete sighe.
1714 A. Pope Rape of Lock (new ed.) iii. 28 Not louder Shrieks by Dames to Heav'n are cast.
27.
a. To throw or set aside, reject, discard; esp. to set aside as disqualified; to reject (horses) as unfit; to dismiss (soldiers, etc.). [In this sense the past participle ran together with that of cass v. 2, so that by about 1600 cast may be either.]
ΘΚΠ
the mind > possession > relinquishing > casting or laying aside > [verb (transitive)]
to let awaya1000
forcast?c1225
to lay downc1275
forthrow1340
flita1375
removea1382
to cast away1382
understrewc1384
castc1390
to lay awaya1400
to lay asidec1440
slingc1440
warpiss1444
to lay from, offc1480
way-put1496
depose1526
to lay apart1526
to put off1526
to set apart1530
to turn up1541
abandonate?1561
devest1566
dispatch1569
decarta1572
discard1578
to make away1580
to fling away1587
to cast off1597
doff1599
cashier1603
to set by1603
moult1604
excuss1607
retorta1616
divest1639
deposit1646
disentail1667
dismiss1675
slough1845
shed1856
jettison1869
shake1872
offload1900
junk1911
dump1919
sluff1934
bin1940
to put down1944
shitcan1973
society > authority > office > removal from office or authority > remove from office or authority [verb (transitive)]
outOE
deposec1300
remuec1325
to put out1344
to set downc1369
deprivec1374
outputa1382
removea1382
to throw outa1382
to put downc1384
privea1387
to set adowna1387
to put out of ——?a1400
amovec1425
disappoint1434
unmakec1475
dismiss1477
dispoint1483
voidc1503
to set or put beside (or besides) the cushion1546
relieve1549
cass1550
displace1553
unauthorize1554
to wring out1560
seclude1572
eject1576
dispost1577
decass1579
overboard1585
cast1587
sequester1587
to put to grass1589
cashier1592
discompose1599
abdicate1610
unseat1611
dismount1612
disoffice1627
to take off1642
unchair1645
destitute1653
lift1659
resign1674
quietus1688
superannuate1692
derange1796
shelve1812
shelf1819
Stellenbosch1900
defenestrate1917
axe1922
retire1961
society > armed hostility > military organization > enlistment or recruitment > discharge from service > [verb (transitive)]
cash1564
cast1587
cashier1599
to muster out of service1834
retire1852
pluck1911
the world > food and drink > farming > animal husbandry > keeping or management of horses > [verb (transitive)] > reject unfit horse
cast1817
c1390 (?c1350) Joseph of Arimathie (1871) l. 703 Forte cristene þe folk and casten þe false.
1587 G. Turberville Tragicall Tales f. 27v No more must all Cupidos knightes be cast because of some.
1604 E. Grimeston tr. True Hist. Siege Ostend 80 He hath cast and dismist so many olde experimented Captaines.
1614 W. Raleigh Hist. World i. v. iv. §5. 607 Many Companies..of forrein Auxiliaries are presently cast.]
a1616 W. Shakespeare Othello (1622) i. i. 151 The state..Cannot with safety cast him. View more context for this quotation
1700 J. Locke Ess. Humane Understanding (new ed.) iii. vi. 266 This Child..was..near being excluded..and 'tis certain a Figure a little more odly turn'd had cast him.
1715 in R. Wodrow Corr. (1843) II. 78 If that [Revelation] be once casten, we shall fall upon no other.
1817 M. Keating Trav. II. 103 The number of horses cast from the cavalry.
1854 H. Miller Schools & Schoolmasters (1857) vi. 114 He determined that Cousin George should be cast in the examination.
1872 G. A. Lawrence Anteros (U.S. ed.) ii. 9 No more thought of rejecting him as a suitor, than a trainer would of casting a colt for showing temper.
b. Used for cass v., to make void.
ΚΠ
1717 R. Wodrow Corr. (1843) II. 331 It is nothing..less..than a total casting and making void the patrons' power in all time coming.
IV. To throw up with a spade or shovel.† 29. To dig or clear out (a ditch or the like), throwing the soil up on the edges. Obsolete.† 30. To form by throwing up, to raise (a mound, bank, earthwork, or the like). Obsolete. See cast up at sense to cast up 5 at Phrasal verbs.
28.
a. To throw up (earth, etc.) whence the current northern use in to cast sods, turf, peat: to dig them up. Also in ploughing.
ΘΚΠ
society > occupation and work > industry > earth-moving, etc. > [verb (transitive)] > dig (hole, etc.) > dig or break up (ground)
delvec888
dig1382
gruba1400
stubc1450
cast1497
sheugh1513
to search upc1540
stock1802
the world > food and drink > farming > cultivation or tillage > breaking up land > break up land [verb (transitive)] > dig > throw up earth
wrootc1440
cast1497
1497 in T. Dickson Accts. Treasurer Scotl. (1877) I. 364 To the monk that castis the gardin.
?1523 J. Fitzherbert Bk. Husbandry f. viiiv Let him cast his barley erth, and shortely after to rigge it agayne.
1600 R. Surflet tr. C. Estienne & J. Liébault Maison Rustique ii. lv. 390 It being vsed to be cast and tilled with thicker raysings of the earth.
c1650 J. Spalding Memorialls Trubles Scotl. & Eng. (1850) I. 201 Petes and fyre wes veray scarss, throw want of seruandis to cast and win thame.
c1650 J. Spalding Memorialls Trubles Scotl. & Eng. (1850) I. 262 The seruandis, who suld haue cassin the peites.
1799 J. Robertson Gen. View Agric. Perth 131 To be preserved always in the same form, by casting, that is, by ploughing two ridges together, beginning at the furrow that separates them, and ploughing round and round, till the two ridges be finished.
1860 J. F. Campbell Pop. Tales W. Highlands II. 36 The Laird was getting his peats cast.
1889 N.E.D. at Cast Mod. Sc. Casting divots on the edge of the common.
b. To shovel coal from the keels into the collier (vessels); see caster n. 2b.
ΘΚΠ
society > occupation and work > industry > mining > mine [verb (transitive)] > shovel (coal, ore, etc.) onto vehicle > fill (vehicle or vessel) with coal, ore, etc.
cast1882
lash1932
1882 J. Green Tales & Ballads Wearside (1885) 223 He had commenced to cast at two o'clock in the morning.
ΘΚΠ
society > occupation and work > industry > earth-moving, etc. > [verb (transitive)] > dig (hole, etc.)
delvec825
graveOE
sinkc1358
diga1387
holkc1400
cast1481
to dig up1551
moil1581
effodiate1612
diffode1657
to dig out1748
burrow1831
excavate1839
crow1853
1481–90 Howard Househ. Bks. (1841) 21 For casting the poondes at Wysnowe vj.s. viij.d.
1522 Accts. St. John's Hosp., Canterbury (Canterbury Cathedral Archives: CCA-U13/4) Paied for castyng of xxj roddis of dykyng.
1576 Act 18 Eliz. x. §7 No Person..shall cast or scour any Ditch and throw or lay the Soil thereof into the Highway.
1579 T. Twyne tr. Petrarch Phisicke against Fortune i. xc. 111 b Thou hast planted trees, thou hast cast ryuers, thou hast plashed hedges.
1614 W. Raleigh Hist. World i. v. vi. §7. 748 A new ditch lately cast by Perseus.
1617 S. Collins Epphata to F. T. A iij a I will not draine the fenne, or stand casting the ponde.
ΘΚΠ
society > occupation and work > industry > earth-moving, etc. > [verb (transitive)] > raise mound, etc.
cast1593
to cast up1603
throw1747
1593 Althorp MS. in J. N. Simpkinson Washingtons Introd. 36 Payde for casting the causey iijs. jd.
1603 R. Knolles Gen. Hist. Turkes 526 He commaunded..the broken passages to be cast euen.
1609 W. Shakespeare Pericles i. 143 The blind Mole castes Copt hilles towards heauen. View more context for this quotation
1611 Bible (King James) 2 Kings xix. 32 The king of Assyria shall not come into this city..nor cast [ Coverdale dygge] a bank against it. View more context for this quotation
1667 J. Milton Paradise Lost i. 678 Pioners..to trench a Field, Or cast a Rampart. View more context for this quotation
V. To put, or place, with haste, violence, force, or power, so that the effect resembles throwing.† 33. † b. To deliver, set free, bring out of (a state).† 34. To set (a person) to (upon) some action. Also reflexive. To set oneself with resolution. Obsolete.† 35. To add, throw in, as an addition to. Obsolete.
31.
a. To lay, place, put, with an action of force, decisiveness, or haste. (Now usually throw.)
ΘΚΠ
the world > space > place > placing or fact of being placed in (a) position > place or put in a position [verb (transitive)] > forcibly, firmly, or quickly
thudc1000
throwa1250
pilt?c1250
casta1300
pusha1350
hurla1375
paltc1390
thrusta1400
thack1542
clap1559
to throw on1560
planch1575
protrude1638
shove1807
bung1825
shoot1833
slap1836
plunk1866
slam1870
spank1880
a1300 Havelok 2448 [They] keste him on a scabbed mere.
a1400 (a1325) Cursor Mundi (Vesp.) l. 5441 He kest a-boute þam aiþer arm.
a1400 (a1325) Cursor Mundi (Vesp.) l. 3152 Þe child he kest a-pon a nass.
1526 Bible (Tyndale) Matt. xxvi. f. xxxvijv She casted this oyntment on my body.
1535 Bible (Coverdale) Acts xii. B Cast thy mantle aboute the, and folowe me.
1652 M. Nedham tr. J. Selden Of Dominion of Sea 87 Against that man who hath cast a Dam or Pile into the Sea an Interdict is allowed him who..may be endamaged thereby.
1667 J. Milton Paradise Lost i. 286 His ponderous shield..Behind him cast . View more context for this quotation
1837 J. H. Newman Parochial Serm. III. v. 117 To be cast on the world, and to see life..is a variety.
1859 Ld. Tennyson Enid in Idylls of King 86 She cast her Arms about him.
1861 S. Wilberforce Agathos, Tent in Pl. (1865) 151 My guide cast on my shoulders a beautiful mantle.
b. figurative. Of care, blame, or the like.
ΚΠ
c1475 (?c1400) Apol. Lollard Doctr. (1842) 82 Who..þat in þe last our of his deþ kastiþ not al his bisines & his affeccoun in to God.
1484 W. Caxton tr. G. de la Tour-Landry Bk. Knight of Tower (1971) lxvii. 99 Sentence of dethe was cast on her.
1577 B. Googe tr. C. Heresbach Foure Bks. Husbandry i. f. 7v Businesse..(which they would be lothe to beare them selues) they cast all vppon his backe.
1614 W. Raleigh Hist. World i. ii. v. §5. 302 Casting vngratefully on Moses all their misaduentures.
1751 J. Jortin Serm. (1771) II. ii. 34 Let us cast our cares upon him.
1842 M. R. Mitford in A. G. L'Estrange Life M. R. Mitford (1870) III. ix. 137 Do not fancy..that I cast the slightest blame on my..father.
1883 Law Rep.: Queen's Bench Div. 11 593 The imputation cast upon Mr. Munster was altogether unfounded.
32. To throw or put into prison.
ΘΚΠ
the world > movement > impelling or driving > impel or drive [verb (transitive)] > violently > into a place or condition
warpc888
shoveOE
casta1225
frushc1380
a1225 St. Marher. 4 Ant het hire casten into cwarterne.
a1300 Havelok 1784 Þe oþre shal ich kesten In feteres.
a1400 (a1325) Cursor Mundi (Trin. Cambr.) l. 13072 In prisoun heroudes dud him cast.
1566 J. Knox Hist. Reformation in Wks. (1846) I. 383 The ane was escaipit, and the uthir in vyle preassoun cassin.
1608 P. Golding tr. J. Sleidane Epit. Frossard i. 34 The Pope..cast this fryer in prison.
1611 Bible (King James) John iii. 24 John was not yet cast into prison. View more context for this quotation
1871 B. Jowett tr. Plato Dialogues II. 458 They were being taken away to be cast into hell.
a. To put, or cause to fall, into (a state or condition, e.g. sleep, rage). Obsolete or archaic.
ΘΚΠ
the world > existence and causation > causation > [verb (transitive)] > bring (a person or thing) into a state or condition
set971
haveOE
wendOE
to bring onc1230
teemc1275
putc1330
run1391
casta1400
laya1400
stead1488
constitute1490
render1490
takea1530
introduce1532
deduce1545
throw?1548
derive?c1550
turn1577
to work up1591
estate1605
arrive1607
state1607
enduea1616
assert1638
sublime1654
to run up1657
the world > existence and causation > causation > [verb (transitive)] > bring (a person or thing) into a state or condition > with force or haste
throwa1393
casta1400
a1400 (a1325) Cursor Mundi (Vesp.) l. 12941 In glotoni he wend him cast.
a1400 (a1325) Cursor Mundi (Vesp.) l. 10100 Þis caitif casten in care.
c1440 York Myst. xvi. 36 Be they kyngis or knyghtis, in care ȝe þaim cast.
c1540 (?a1400) Destr. Troy 11311 The kyng at his karping cast was in ire.
a1575 N. Harpsfield Treat. Divorce Henry VIII (1878) (modernized text) 289 Being cast in love with a wanton maid.
1611 Bible (King James) Psalms lxxvi. 6 Both the chariot and horse are cast into a dead sleepe. View more context for this quotation
1650 T. Vaughan Anthroposophia Theomagica 37 His Fall..did cast asleep his Intellectuall Faculties.
1697 W. Dampier New Voy. around World xviii. 500 Our continuing wet for the last two days, cast us all into Fevers.
1709 R. Steele Tatler No. 79. ⁋1 This cast him into such a rage, that he threw down the table.
ΘΚΠ
the world > action or operation > safety > rescue or deliverance > rescue or deliver (from) [verb (transitive)]
areddec885
leeseOE
reddOE
winc1220
deliver?c1225
ridc1225
quita1250
betellc1275
casta1300
to cast outa1300
liverc1330
rescuec1330
wrechec1330
borrowc1350
to put out of ——c1350
to bring awaya1400
redea1400
wreakc1400
rescourec1425
rescousa1450
savec1480
relue1483
salue1484
redeem1488
recovera1500
redressa1500
eschewc1500
rescours1511
to pull (also snatch) out of the fire1526
recourse1533
withtakec1540
redeem1549
vindicate1568
retire1578
repair1591
reprieve1605
to bring off1609
a1300 Cursor Mundi 25705 Has kyd þi merci mare To man-kind for to cast o care.
a1400 (a1325) Cursor Mundi (Vesp.) l. 5289 He has me cast of al mi care.
ΘΚΠ
the mind > will > intention > intend [verb (reflexive)]
turnc1175
tightc1300
castc1386
bethink1387
ettlec1440
the mind > will > decision > resolve or decide [verb (reflexive)]
appointc1386
castc1386
purposec1390
determine1393
devise1393
delibera1413
resolvea1528
settle1530
to resolve with oneself1578
formalizea1656
the world > action or operation > doing > activity or occupation > occupy or engage (a person) [verb (transitive)] > cause to be occupied with
set1435
set1622
yoke1630
cast1662
sick1914
c1386 G. Chaucer Melibeus ⁋624 He that..casteth hym to no bisynesse..shal falle in-to pouerte.
c1430 J. Lydgate Chichevache & Bycorne Bycorne castith hym to devoure Alle humble men.
1470–85 T. Malory Morte d'Arthur (1816) II. 371 I cast me never to be married.
1533 J. Bellenden tr. Livy Hist. Rome (1822) i. 48 In time of pece, he kest him to find occasioun of weir.
c1565 R. Lindsay James II in Hist. & Cron. Scotl. The Earl of Douglas cast himself for to be stark against the King.
1579 E. Spenser Shepheardes Cal. Feb. 189 To this this Oake cast him to replie Well as hee couth.
1662 H. More Antidote Atheism (1712) ii. vi. 57 It cast them with more courage upon attempting the virtue of those (plants).
ΚΠ
c1380 Eng. Wycliffite Serm. in Sel. Wks. II. 274 Þis childhede is betere ȝif vertues be castid þerto.
c1449 R. Pecock Repressor (1860) 528 A religioun cast to the lawe of kinde.
1528 T. More Dialogue Heresyes ii, in Wks. 197/2 All other thinges..shal be cast vnto vs.
a1555 J. Philpot tr. C. S. Curione Def. Authority Christ's Church in R. Eden Exam. & Writings J. Philpot (1842) (modernized text) 365 Not so bold that he would cast anything to the institution of Christ.
36. To bestow, confer, allot. archaic or obsolete.
ΘΚΠ
the mind > possession > giving > give [verb (transitive)]
forgivec900
giveOE
besetc1230
deala1250
i-yevec1275
to give (requite, etc.) into one's bosomc1386
yarka1400
wevec1400
yatec1400
administera1425
bequeathc1440
employa1492
exhibit1548
communicate1553
endue1587
cast1612
hand1650
to lay on1942
1612 J. Brinsley Ludus Lit. xxviii. 285 God..wil cast learning vpon them so far as shall be good.
1629 Vse of Law 30 in J. Doddridge Lawyers Light Leaving it to goe as the Law casteth it vpon the heire.
1809 T. E. Tomlins Jacob's Law-dict. at Descent An heir is he upon whom the law casts the estate immediately on the death of his ancestor.
VI. To reckon, calculate.† 38. † b. absol. Obsolete.† 40. to cast water: to diagnose disease by the inspection of (urine). Also figurative. Obsolete or dialect.† 41. To calculate or conjecture as to the future; to anticipate, forecast v.:† b. transitive, as in to cast danger, peril, the worst.
37. To count or reckon, so as to ascertain the sum of various numbers, originally by means of counters, to the manipulation of which the word probably refers.
a. intransitive. Formerly in the phrases to cast in or at accounts. Now, to add a column of figures.
ΘΚΠ
the world > relative properties > number > arithmetic or algebraic operations > perform arithmetic or algebraic operations [verb (intransitive)] > add or sum > column of figures
cast1330
to cast accounts1399
to cast reckonings1565–78
1330 R. Mannyng Chron. (1810) 135 If any man in dede wille keste in a countes.
a1360 Song Yesterday 66 in Early Eng. Poems & Lives Saints (1862) 135 And in vr hertes acountes cast Day bi day.
138. Antecrist in R. B. Todd 3 Treat. Wyclif 138 To cast at þe countes.
a1400 (a1325) Cursor Mundi (Coll. Phys.) l. 20834 Qua wel can caste sal finde it euin.
1842 Ld. Tennyson Audley Court in Poems (new ed.) II. 44 Who would cast and balance at a desk?
1884 Law Times 25 Oct. 419/2 A resort to the court in order that..a mistake in casting be corrected.
b. transitive. To reckon up, sum up; now technically, to add up (a column of figures or amounts).
ΘΚΠ
the world > relative properties > number > arithmetic or algebraic operations > perform arithmetic or algebraic operations [verb (transitive)] > add or sum > column of figures
castc1305
c1305 St. Edmund 223 in Early Eng. Poems & Lives Saints (1862) 77 His figours drouȝ aldai & his numbre caste.
1330 R. Mannyng Chron. (1810) 248 Þei..Examend þam & cast ilk amountment.
a1400 (a1325) Cursor Mundi (Fairf. 14) l. 22062 To be laused atte þe laste quen þa þousande ȝere ware caste.
1496 (c1410) Dives & Pauper (de Worde) i. xxv. 62/1 They that calculen & casten yeres dayes & monethes.
1526 W. Bonde Pylgrimage of Perfection iii. sig. RRiii The marchaunt..vseth euery nyght to caste his boke.
c1590 C. Marlowe Jew of Malta i. ii This ten years tribute..we have cast, but cannot compass it.
1624 W. Bedell Copies Certaine Lett. xii. 161 Review it, and cast it ouer againe.
1743 E. Young Complaint: Night the Fourth 16 Archangels fail'd to cast the mighty Sum.
1805 Naval Chron. 14 341 The books were cast and..adjusted.
1886 Law Times 80 165/2 Every column cast before the bill is left for taxation.
c. esp. in to cast accounts, originally to sum up or reckon accounts (so to cast reckonings); now, to perform the ordinary operations of arithmetic.
ΘΚΠ
the world > relative properties > number > arithmetic or algebraic operations > perform arithmetic or algebraic operations [verb (intransitive)] > add or sum > column of figures
cast1330
to cast accounts1399
to cast reckonings1565–78
1399 W. Langland Richard Redeles iii. 279 Caste all þe countis þat þe kyng holdith.
1529 T. More Supplyc. Soulys i. f. vi Folke that wyll lern to cast acoumpt.
1530 J. Palsgrave Lesclarcissement 477/1 I caste an accomptes, after the comen maner, with counters, je compte par ject.
1565–78 T. Cooper Thesaurus Abaculus..a counter or other like thing, that men doe use to cast reckenings with.
1574 E. Hellowes tr. A. de Guevara Familiar Epist. 133 The counte being wel cast, the wood costes as deare, as the dressing.
1581 J. Bell tr. W. Haddon & J. Foxe Against Jerome Osorius 44 b You cast your accomptes amisse in your numbryng.
1655 T. Stanley Hist. Philos. I. i. 53 Counters used in casting accompts,..sometimes stand for a great number, sometimes for a lesser.
1766 O. Goldsmith Vicar of Wakefield I. xi. 107 They can read, write, and cast accompts.
1871 J. Ruskin Fors Clavigera I. iv. 3 To be taught to read, and write, and cast accounts.
a. To reckon, calculate, estimate. Obsolete.
ΘΚΠ
the world > relative properties > number > mathematics > calculate or solve [verb (transitive)]
rimeeOE
calcule1377
numbera1382
accounta1387
casta1400
calk1401
computate1449
suppute?a1475
reckona1513
to cast up1539
yield1542
supputate1555
practise?a1560
calculate1570
compute1579
work1582
quantulate1610
resolve1613
find1714
to work out1719
solve1737
to figure out1854
the world > relative properties > number > enumeration, reckoning, or calculation > number, calculate, or reckon [verb (transitive)]
rimeeOE
arimec885
atellc885
talec897
i-telle971
tellOE
readc1225
reckon?c1225
aima1375
numbera1382
denumber1382
accounta1393
casta1400
countc1400
umberc1400
ascribe1432
annumerate?a1475
to sum upa1475
annumbera1500
ennumber1535
reckon?1537
tally1542
compute1579
recount1581
rate1599
catalogize1602
to add up1611
suma1616
enumeratea1649
numerate1657
to run up1830
to figure out1834
figure1854
to count up1872
enumer1936
the mind > attention and judgement > judgement or decision > evaluation, estimation, appraisal > appraise, estimate [verb (transitive)]
talec897
ween971
takec1175
weigha1200
deem?c1225
judge?c1225
guessc1330
reta1382
accounta1387
aretc1386
assize1393
consider1398
ponder?a1400
adjudgec1440
reckonc1440
peisec1460
ponderate?a1475
poisea1483
trutinate1528
steem1535
rate?1555
sense1564
compute1604
censure1605
cast1606
cense1606
estimate1651
audit1655
state1671
balance1692
esteem1711
appraise1823
figure1854
tally1860
revalue1894
lowball1973
a1400 (a1325) Cursor Mundi (Vesp.) l. 8775 Þe king did cast wit scantliun, And did mak al þe timber bun.
1475 Bk. Noblesse 39 After as it may be cast it was .cc.iiijxxxj. yere.
1543 R. Record Ground of Artes i. sig. D.iiiv Then wyll I caste the hole charge of one monthes commens at Oxforde.
1606 G. W. tr. Justinus Hist. 2 a Wisely casting the inconuenience that might redound hereby vpon himself.
a1642 W. Monson Naval Tracts (1704) iii. 341/2 He must be..perfect in Casting the Tides.
1666 S. Pepys Diary
ΚΠ
c1405 (c1385) G. Chaucer Knight's Tale (Hengwrt) (2003) l. 1314 Of .xxv. yeer his age I caste.
?1578 W. Patten Let. Entertainm. Killingwoorth 66 Yoor iewellers by their carrets let them cast.
1603 W. Shakespeare Hamlet ii. i. 116 T'is as proper for our age to cast Beyond our selues.
1633 J. Ford 'Tis Pitty shee's Whore i. sig. B4 v You neede not cast vpon the dearth of flesh.
39. † b. To interpret (a dream). Obsolete.
a. To calculate astrologically, as to cast a figure, horoscope, nativity, etc.; also absol.
ΘΚΠ
the world > the universe > astrology > [verb] > calculate
castc1374
calk1401
set1570
planet1596
calculatea1616
astrologizea1734
the world > the universe > astrology > judicial astrology > horoscope > [verb]
to cast a figure, horoscope, nativity1591
horoscope1673
to rule a planet1888
the world > the universe > astrology > judicial astrology > horoscope > [verb] > nativity
constellate1611
to cast a figure, horoscope, nativity1624
horoscope1888
c1374 G. Chaucer Troilus & Criseyde ii. 25 [He] cast, and knew in good plyte was the Mone To do viage.
1430 J. Lydgate tr. Hist. Troy i. vi She gan anone to casten and deuyse When that the moone on heauen would aryse.
1591 E. Spenser Prosopopoia in Complaints sig. N3 Or cast a figure for a bishoprick.
1624 R. Burton Anat. Melancholy (ed. 2) Democritus to Rdr. 49 For casting a Natiuity.
1668 J. Dryden Sr Martin Mar-all Epil. sig. A4v We by to morrow will our Fortune cast.
1823 New Monthly Mag. 8 257 Casting figures and preventing the butter from coming when they churn.
1841 D. Brewster Martyrs of Sci. iii. ii. 221 Drawing an income from casting nativities.
1855 E. Smedley et al. Occult Sci. 312 Cardan..has cast the horoscope of our Saviour.
ΘΚΠ
the mind > mental capacity > expectation > foresight, foreknowledge > prediction, foretelling > interpretation of dreams > interpret [verb (transitive)]
unloukOE
areadOE
undo?a1366
expound1375
cast1382
rechec1540
read1587
redec1640
1382 Bible (Wycliffite, E.V.) Gen. xli. 15 I sawȝ sweuens, ne there is that opnith, the which I haue herd the most wiseli to caste.
ΘΚΠ
the world > health and disease > healing > diagnosis or prognosis > diagnose or prognose [verb (transitive)] > diagnose > by specific method
waterc1390
to cast water1580
succuss1865
1580 J. Lyly Euphues & his Eng. (new ed.) f. 37v An Italian [physician],..casting my water.., commaunded the chamber to be voyded.
1589 R. Greene Menaphon sig. C4v Able to cast his disease without his water.
a1616 W. Shakespeare Macbeth (1623) v. iii. 52 If thou could'st Doctor, cast The Water of my Land, finde her Disease. View more context for this quotation
?1616 W. Goddard Mastif Whelp xlvi. sig. D2v Your vrine..I'le truly cast, & tell you your disease.
a1637 B. Jonson Magnetick Lady iii. v. 66 in Wks. (1640) III I had it of a Jew, and a great Rabbi, Who every morning cast his cup of White-wine With sugar.
1647 J. Cleveland Char. London-diurnall 2 It casts the water of the State, ever since it staled bloud.
1706 T. Hearne Remarks & Coll. (1885) I. 189 I don't cast Water now, but Accounts.
1877 E. Peacock Gloss. Words Manley & Corringham, Lincs. (at cited word) A person is said to cast another's water who pretends to discover diseases by the inspection of urine.
a. intransitive (sometimes with subordinate clause). to cast beyond the moon: to conjecture wildly; to indulge in wild conjectures.
ΘΚΠ
the mind > mental capacity > expectation > foresight, foreknowledge > anticipation, forecast > anticipate, forecast [verb (intransitive)]
castc1384
forecasta1513
forebode1711
the mind > mental capacity > knowledge > conformity with what is known, truth > exaggeration, hyperbole > speak or do with exaggeration [phrase]
to go beyond the moon?c1430
to cast beyond the moon1559
to lay on load?1562
to lay it on with a trowela1616
all (his) geese are swans1621
to draw (also pull, shoot) the long bow1667
to lay it on thick1740
to sling (also fling, throw) the hatchet1778
to come it1796
to make a thing about (also of)1813
to draw with the long-bow1823
to pitch it strong1823
to overegg the pudding1845
to put (spread, etc.) it on thick1865
to god it1870
to strong it1964
to stretch it (or things)1965
the mind > mental capacity > belief > conjecture, guessing > form conjectures, guess [verb (intransitive)] > wildly
to cast beyond the moon1559
c1384 G. Chaucer Hous of Fame 1148 Thoo gan I in myn hert cast That they were molte awey with hete.
a1387 J. Trevisa tr. R. Higden Polychron. (St. John's Cambr.) (1876) VI. 137 As fer forþ as we conne caste.
1530 in W. H. Turner Select. Rec. Oxf. (1880) 92 As far as may be cast or imagiened.
1555 J. Heywood Two Hundred Epigrammes with Thyrde sig. C.vii He casth beyonde the moone . great diuersitie, Betwene far castyng and wyse castyng, may be.
1559 W. Baldwin et al. Myrroure for Magistrates 529 Beyond the moone when I began to cast..what place might be procur'd.
1588 R. Greene Pandosto sig. A4v [She] began to cast beeyond the Moone..which way she should offend her husband.
1597 A. Montgomerie Cherrie & Slae 510 Maid never schip to saill the see, that for all perrils castis.
1607 T. Heywood Woman Kilde with Kindnesse sig. F3v But oh: I talke of things impossible, And cast beyond the moone.
1658 tr. J. Ussher Ann. World 309 Every man cast in his mind, that Eumenes would be all in all.
ΘΚΠ
the mind > mental capacity > expectation > foresight, foreknowledge > anticipation, forecast > anticipate, forecast [verb (transitive)]
to cast dangerc1449
forecasta1513
preventa1533
foredeem1542
premeditate1566
foretake1588
fore-run1591
foreprise1597
to lay one's account with (also on, for)1606
foreguess1640
prospect1652
precalculate1840
pre-empt1928
second-guess1941
c1449 R. Pecock Repressor (1860) 53 Thanne perel is castid.
a1513 R. Fabyan New Cronycles Eng. & Fraunce (1516) I. clxxxii. f. cviv The kynge castyng no parell thanked hym of his kynde request.
1530 J. Palsgrave Lesclarcissement 476/2 It is wysdome to cast afore what may come after.
1532 G. Hervet tr. Xenophon Treat. Househ. (1768) 22 Man can not caste theym afore hande.
c1540 (?a1400) Destr. Troy 259 He..the kynges couetous cast not before.
1553 R. Eden in tr. S. Münster Treat. Newe India Pref. sig. Ajv To caste the worste, yf they shoulde perishe in this viage.
a1633 Visct. Falkland Hist. Edward II (1680) 126 With a world of Melancholy thoughts he casts the danger.
VII. To resolve in the mind, devise, contrive, purpose, plan.† 42. To revolve in one's mind, debate with oneself, consider, ponder, deliberate. Obsolete or dialect.† b. transitive. Obsolete or dialect.† 44. † b. to cast oneself, one's advice: to form a design, purpose. Obsolete.
a. intransitive often with subordinate clause.
ΘΚΠ
the mind > mental capacity > thought > continued thinking, reflection, contemplation > thinking about, consideration, deliberation > think about, consider [verb (intransitive)]
thinkOE
thinkOE
bethinka1200
umthinka1300
to have mind ofc1300
casta1340
studya1375
delivera1382
to chew the cudc1384
to take advisementa1393
stema1400
compassc1400
advisec1405
deliberc1405
to make it wisec1405
to take deliberationc1405
enter?a1413
riddlec1426
hovec1440
devise?c1450
to study by (also in) oneself?c1450
considerc1460
porec1500
regard1523
deliberate1543
to put on one's thinking or considering cap1546
contemplate1560
consult1565
perpend1568
vise1568
to consider of1569
weigh1573
ruminate1574
dascanc1579
to lay to (one's) heart1588
pondera1593
debate1594
reflect1596
comment1597
perponder1599
revolvea1600
rumine1605
consider on, upon1606
to think twice1623
reflex1631
spell1645
ponderatea1652
to turn about1725
to cast a thought, a reflection upon1736
to wake over1771
incubatea1847
mull1857
fink1888
a1340 R. Rolle Psalter xiii. 2 Þai kast & studis how þai moght doe in dede þat þai haf wickedly thoght.
1393 J. Gower Confessio Amantis III. 161 He caste and hath compassed ofte, How he his prince might plese.
c1449 R. Pecock Repressor (1860) 518 Thei schulen desire and caste, ȝhe, and be constreyned to abide.
1480 W. Caxton Chron. Eng. ccxiii. 199 They caste..how they myght breng hym out of prison.
1549 M. Coverdale et al. tr. Erasmus Paraphr. Newe Test. II. Phil. i. f. iiiv I haue cast what is best for me.
1600 P. Holland tr. Livy Rom. Hist. x. xlv. 385 Men began to cast in their minds..how they should do.
1654 Trag. Alphonsus i. 3 They ward, they watch, they cast, and they conspire.
1678 N. Wanley Wonders Little World vi. xxvii. §4. 611/2 I lay still..casting and discoursing with my self, whether I waked or was in a dream.
ΘΚΠ
the mind > mental capacity > thought > continued thinking, reflection, contemplation > thinking about, consideration, deliberation > consider, deliberate [verb (transitive)]
i-thenchec897
showeOE
i-mune971
thinkOE
overthinkOE
takec1175
umbethinkc1175
waltc1200
bethinkc1220
wend?c1225
weighc1380
delivera1382
peisea1382
considerc1385
musec1390
to look over ——a1393
advise?c1400
debatec1400
roll?c1400
revert?a1425
advertc1425
deliberc1425
movec1425
musec1425
revolvec1425
contemplec1429
overseec1440
to think overc1440
perpend1447
roil1447
pondera1450
to eat inc1450
involvec1470
ponderate?a1475
reputec1475
counterpoise1477
poisea1483
traversec1487
umbecast1487
digest1488
undercast1489
overhalec1500
rumble1519
volve?1520
compassa1522
recount1526
trutinate1528
cast1530
expend1531
ruminate1533
concoct1534
contemplate1538
deliberate1540
revolute1553
chawa1558
to turn over1568
cud1569
cogitate1570
huik1570
chew1579
meditatec1580
discourse1581
speculate1599
theorize1599
scance1603
verse1614
pensitate1623
agitate1629
spell1633
view1637
study1659
designa1676
introspect1683
troll1685
balance1692
to figure on or upon1837
reflect1862
mull1873
to mull over1874
scour1882
mill1905
1530 J. Palsgrave Lesclarcissement 477/2 I have caste many thynges in my mynde, sythe the mater began.
1577 M. Hanmer tr. Bp. Eusebius in Aunc. Eccl. Hist. viii. xxix. 169 The iudge casting doubts with him selfe.
a1593 C. Marlowe Tragicall Hist. Faustus (1604) sig. R4v Cast no more doubts.
1712 R. Steele in Spectator No. 431 I have lately been casting in my Thoughts the several Unhappinesses of Life.
43. To machinate, contrive, devise, scheme.† a. intransitive. Const. with infinitive (or clause). Obsolete.† c. Phrase. to cast counsel.
ΘΚΠ
the mind > will > intention > planning > plan [verb (intransitive)]
purveyc1300
propose1340
castc1380
worka1393
purposea1400
devisec1400
becast1563
plot1607
factitate1616
project1631
to cast, lay a scheme1704
plan1776
to plan on1914
c1380 J. Wyclif Sel. Wks. III. 439 Ante~crist haþ cast to be knyttid wiþ kyngis.
1393 W. Langland Piers Plowman C. i. 143 [Thei] Caste þat þe comune sholde hure comunes fynde.
c1400 (?c1380) Cleanness (1920) l. 1455 To compas and kest to haf hem clene wroȝt.
a1450 (c1410) H. Lovelich Hist. Holy Grail lvi. l. 150 Oure londis they Casten to wasten ful pleyn.
a1593 C. Marlowe Edward II (1594) sig. K2 Edmund casts to work his libertie.
1597 T. Morley Plaine & Easie Introd. Musicke 77 I thought I should haue gone madde, with casting and deuising.
1619 F. Beaumont & J. Fletcher King & No King iii. sig. E2v A strange Land, where mothers cast to poyson Their onely sonnes.
1626 Bp. J. Hall Contempl. VIII. O.T. xx. 90 Shee straight casts for the Kingdome of Iudah.
1653 I. Walton Compl. Angler iv. 109 Before you begin to angle, cast to have the wind on your back. View more context for this quotation
b. transitive. To contrive or devise (an action, etc.).
ΘΚΠ
the mind > will > intention > planning > plan [verb (transitive)]
forethinkc897
bethinka1225
compass1297
contrivec1330
ordain1340
conjectc1380
imaginec1380
cast1382
ordaina1387
advisec1400
forecast1413
imagec1450
ordainc1450
project1477
foreminda1535
invent1539
aimc1540
practise1550
plat1556
trive1573
meditate1582
patterna1586
plot1589
platform1592
design1594
chew1600
forelay1605
to map out1618
to cut out1619
agitate1629
laya1631
plod1631
cut1645
calculate1654
concert1702
to scheme out1716
plan1718
model1725
to rough out1738
to lay out1741
plan1755
prethink1760
shape1823
programme1834
pre-plan1847
encompass1882
target1948
1382 Bible (Wycliffite, E.V.) Gen. xlii. 11 Ne thi seruauntis eny thing casten [a1425 L.V. ymaginen] of evil.
c1420 J. Wyclif Esther Prol. (MS. M.) He [Aman] castide the deeth of Mardochee.
c1440 Bone Flor. 2181 Be hyt nevyr so slylye caste.
c1590 C. Marlowe Jew of Malta v. ii I'll set Malta free; And thus we cast it.
a1625 F. Beaumont & J. Fletcher Captaine ii. ii, in Comedies & Trag. (1647) sig. Gg4v/1 To cast A cheape way how they may be all destroyd.
1850 E. B. Browning tr. Æschylus Prometheus Bound (rev. ed.) in Poems (new ed.) I. 184 Do not cast Ambiguous paths, Prometheus, for my feet.
ΚΠ
c1460 Play Sacram. 224 After ward more counselle among vs shall [be] caste.
1596 E. Spenser View State Ireland 1 Good plottes devised, & wise Councels cast already.
a. To design, purpose, intend, determine (to do a thing). Obsolete.
ΘΚΠ
the mind > will > intention > intend [verb] > intend to do something
weenOE
willOE
thinkOE
tightc1300
to be (later also to have it) in purpose1340
tend1340
cast138.
reckona1450
aimc1450
willc1450
esteema1533
suspect1629
predeterminea1641
138. J. Wyclif Serm. in Sel. Wks. II. 104 No man doiþ ouȝt in hiddis and ȝit he castiþ to be in apert.
1398 J. Trevisa tr. Bartholomew de Glanville De Proprietatibus Rerum (1495) xv. xii. (Tollemache MS.) I wonder þat þou castes [1535 purposeste] to fyȝte with women.
c1430 Hymn Virg. (1867) 106 He þat casteþ, wiþ conscience clere, To kepe, wel Cristes Comaundement.
c1430 Syr Gener. (Roxb.) 1444 Whan I am more of elde I cast my armes forto welde.
1567 T. Drant tr. Horace Pistles in tr. Horace Arte of Poetrie sig. Cv That owner..hauing riches competent, Doth cast to vse theim well.
1653 I. Walton Compl. Angler iii. 70 That has made me and my friend cast to lodge here too. View more context for this quotation
1670 S. Wilson Lassels's Voy. Italy (new ed.) i. 67 We cast to be there at the solemne Entry, which this Duke made for his new Spouse.
1808 W. Scott Marmion iv. xvii. 205 The Marshall and myself had cast To stop him.
ΚΠ
1470–85 T. Malory Morte d'Arthur (1817) II. 61 As yet I caste me not to marye in this countrey.
1523 Ld. Berners tr. J. Froissart Cronycles I. ccccxlvii. 789 This lorde of Destornay dyde cast his aduyce to get agayne Andwarpe.
VIII. To put ‘into shape’ or into order; to dispose, arrange.Some senses originally belonging here, have probably been subsequently influenced by IX since that became a leading sense of the verb.† 45. To put into shape, dispose, arrange, or order; to lay out in order, plan, devise:† b. things not material. (Cf. 52) Obsolete.
a. a piece of ground, piece of work, or other thing material.
ΘΚΠ
the world > space > relative position > arrangement or fact of being arranged > arrange [verb (transitive)]
stightc825
fadec1020
orderc1225
adightc1275
dightc1275
castc1320
raila1350
form1362
stightlea1375
rayc1380
informa1382
disposea1387
throwc1390
addressa1393
shifta1400
rengea1425
to set forth?c1450
rule1488
rummage1544
marshalc1547
place1548
suit1552
dispone1558
plat1587
enrange1590
draw1663
range1711
arrange1791
to lay out1848
the mind > will > intention > planning > plan [verb (transitive)] > arrange
beteec1275
tailc1315
castc1320
ordaina1325
setc1330
tightc1330
accord1388
tailyec1480
assign1558
raise1652
settle1694
work1761
arrange1786
engineer1831
c1320 Sir Beues 4610 A faire chapel of marbel fin, Þat was ikast wiþ queint engin.
c1320 Cast. Love 807 Þreo bayles.. i-cast wt cumpas and walled abouten.
c1384 G. Chaucer Hous of Fame 1170 Ne coude casten no compace Swich another for to make.
a1400 (a1325) Cursor Mundi (Vesp.) l. 9947 A tron of iuor graid,..Craftili casten wit compass.
c1440 Promptorium Parvulorum 63 Caste warke or dysposyn, dispono.
1563 J. Shute First Groundes Archit. sig. Biiiv Ye must furst haue knowlaige how to cast your ground plotte.
1577 B. Googe tr. C. Heresbach Foure Bks. Husbandry iii. f. 162v Let your nestes and lodginges, both for laying and brooding, be orderly cast.
1597 S. Finche Let. 19 Feb. in A. C. Ducarel Some Acct. Town Croydon (1783) 8 The measure of the ground..that the plotte might be caste square.
1611 M. Smith in Bible (King James) Transl. Pref. 8 They did not cast the streets, nor proportion the houses in such comely fashion.
1780 H. Walpole Vertue's Anecd. Painting (ed. 2) IV. vii. 134 The cloister facing the south..would have been proper for an orange-house,..and had,..been cast for that purpose.
ΚΠ
1340 R. Rolle Pricke of Conscience 1976 Þan byhoved us our lyf swa cast Als ilk day of our lif war þe last.
c1430 Syr Gener. (Roxb.) 2310 So thei can here iournes cast.
1589 Pappe with Hatchet (1844) 18 The sermon is not yet cast.
1597 T. Morley Plaine & Easie Introd. Musicke 151 Ye musicke is so to be cast as the point bee not offensiue.
46.
a. To dispose or arrange in divisions; to divide or ‘throw’ into divisions.
ΘΚΠ
the world > relative properties > wholeness > mutual relation of parts to whole > separation > action of dividing or divided condition > divide [verb (transitive)] > divide and arrange
cast1340
distribute1553
branch1628
1340 R. Rolle Pricke of Conscience 432 Alle mans lyfe casten may be..in þis partes thre.
1652 P. Heylyn Cosmographie iii. sig. Ggg2 Constantine..cast it into three Provinces.
1689 Bp. G. Burnet Tracts I. 69 They were cast into little States, according to the different Valleys which they inhabited.
1710 R. Steele & J. Addison Tatler No. 253. ⁋4 I shall cast what I have to say under Two principal Heads.
1835 T. Walker Original No. 2. 18 By casting them into other distinctions, to abolish the first and great distinction.
b. To ‘throw’ into a (particular) form.
ΘΚΠ
the world > time > change > change [verb (transitive)] > turn or bring to a condition
workOE
cast1711
file1889
society > leisure > the arts > the arts in general > [verb (transitive)] > create in particular form
cast1711
1711 J. Addison Spectator No. 5. ¶6 Casting into an Opera the Story of Whittington and his Cat.
1854 H. Miller Schools & Schoolmasters (1857) xx. 437 Casting my facts..into a series of letters.
47. Painting.† a. To arrange or dispose (colours). Obsolete.
ΘΚΠ
society > leisure > the arts > visual arts > painting and drawing > painting > art of colouring > colour [verb (transitive)] > arrange colours
cast1567
mass1753
set1847
1567 J. Jewel Def. Apol. Churche Eng. (1611) 274 M. Harding casteth his colours to shadow that thing, that will not bee hidde.
1578 J. Lyly Euphues f. 3 Cunning Painters who for the whitest woorke caste the blackest grounde.
1590 E. Spenser Faerie Queene i.vii. sig. F6 Cast her colours..To seeme like truth.
1633 T. Adams Comm. 2 Peter (i. 5) 116 Some painters are so skilfull in casting their colours, and can paint a fire so lively, that at the first blush you would thinke it to be a fire indeed.
b. To dispose (the draperies in a painting).
ΘΚΠ
society > leisure > the arts > visual arts > representation in art > represent in art [verb (transitive)] > arrange clothing
cast1706
1706 J. Savage tr. R. de Piles Art of Painting 32 To set or cast a Drapery.
1813 Examiner 8 Feb. 90/2 The draperies are cast with much ease.
48.
a. Theatre. To allot (the parts of a play) to the actors; to appoint (actors) for the parts.
ΘΚΠ
society > leisure > the arts > performance arts > the theatre or the stage > the staging of a theatrical production > stage [verb (transitive)] > cast
cast1711
undercast1827
recast1923
type1933
type-cast1946
1711 J. Addison Spectator No. 219. ¶12 Our Parts in the other World will be new cast.
1737 H. Fielding Hist. Reg. 1736 iii. 20 Apollo. Is there any Thing to be done? Prompter. Yes, Sir, this Play to be cast.
1809 B. H. Malkin tr. A. R. Le Sage Adventures Gil Blas IV. x. x. 164 They..wanting a boy..to personate the young king of Leon, cast me for the part.
1864 Realm 30 Mar. 8 The piece is very strongly cast, and..was most creditably performed.
1866 M. Lemon Wait for End xxviii. 365 She had been cast (as it is called in the language of the stage) a most interesting mother.
1875 W. C. Macready Reminisc. 125 The part of Hermione was cast to Mrs. Egerton.
b. ? transferred.
ΚΠ
1763 Ld. Chesterfield Let. 30 Sept. (1932) (modernized text) VI. 2543 You will have known..from the Office, that the departments are not cast as you wished.
IX. To cast (molten) metal; to found. Now one of the most used literal senses.† 49. To throw (anything plastic or fluid) into a particular shape. Obsolete in general sense.
ΘΚΠ
the world > space > shape > shape or give shape to [verb (transitive)] > put into a certain shape > anything plastic or fluid
casta1300
a1300 Cursor Mundi 22941 Þe potter..whenne he fordoþ his new vessel he casteþ soone al in a bal a bettre for to make.
1693 J. Beaumont Considerations Theory of Earth i. 23 A fluid mass always casts it self into a smooth and spherical Surface.
50. To form (metal, or the like) into a shape, by pouring it when melted or soft into a mould, where it is allowed to cool or harden.
ΘΚΠ
the world > space > shape > shape or give shape to [verb (transitive)] > put into a certain shape
form1297
figurec1430
shape1457
cast1512
fashion1526
mould1667
set1678
modela1704
throw1804
society > occupation and work > industry > working with specific materials > working with metal > work with metal [verb (transitive)] > found or cast (object) > found or cast (metal)
yeta1387
cast1512
found1562
1512 Act 4 Hen. VIII viii. §7 Untrue or deceivable Metal..of Tin or Pewter..wheresoever it be cast..or wrought.
1546 in W. H. Turner Select. Rec. Oxf. (1880) 182 For takyng doune the leade..and castyng hit into sowes.
1553 R. Eden tr. S. Münster Treat. Newe India sig. Gvijv They..melte it and caste it, fyrste into masses or wedges.
1581 Act 23 Eliz. viii. § 2 Every Piece of Wax..so melted and cast.
a1728 J. Woodward Attempt Nat. Hist. Fossils Eng. (1729) i. 228 It [sc. Hæmatites Iron-Ore]..will not run thin, so as to cast and mould, unless mix'd with poorer Ore, or Cinders.
1750 W. Beawes Lex Mercatoria (1752) 694 The several Species of Metals, cast and wrought here.
1814 Lett. fr. England III. lxxv. 341 A large collection..have..been cast into candlesticks and warming pans.
51. To form (an object) by running molten metal, etc. into a mould; to found.
ΘΚΠ
society > occupation and work > industry > working with specific materials > working with metal > work with metal [verb (transitive)] > found or cast (object)
blowc1000
yetOE
cast1496
found1562
run1690
pour1873
1496 in T. Dickson Accts. Treasurer Scotl. (1877) I. 285 To the man that castis the chameris to the brassin gun.
1535 Bible (Coverdale) Exod. xxv. 12 Cast foure rynges of golde.
15.. R. Lindsay Hist. & Cron. Scotl. 112 Seven Canons, called the Seven Sisters, casten by Robert Borthwick, the Master-Gunner.
1669 S. Pepys Diary 1 Mar. (1976) IX. 463 Did also bring home a piece of my Face cast in plaster.
1678 J. Moxon Mech. Exercises I. ii. 32 You must Cast a Nut of Brass upon the spindle.
1753 W. Hogarth Anal. Beauty 10 A figure cast in soft wax.
1834 E. Bulwer-Lytton Last Days of Pompeii I. i. ii. 9 Buckets of bronze, cast in the most graceful shapes.
1851 D. Wilson Archæol. & Prehistoric Ann. Scotl. ii. ii. 223 A mould of serpentine..and another of granite..intended to cast ornamented celts of two sizes.
52. figurative.
ΚΠ
1593 R. Hooker Of Lawes Eccl. Politie Pref. 11 All cast according vnto that mould which Caluin had made.
1606 J. Day Ile of Guls sig. C4v Lets cast our inuentions in a new mold.
1671 J. Evelyn Mem. (1857) III. 230 Hereafter to cast it into other languages.
1711 J. Addison Spectator No. 40. ¶1 Several of the celebrated Tragedies of Antiquity, are cast in the same Form.
1841 R. W. Emerson Self-reliance in Ess. 1st Ser. (London ed.) 67 Is the parent better than the child into whom he has cast his ripened being?
1876 R. W. Emerson Poetry & Imag. in Lett. & Social Aims III. 158 Our habit of casting our facts into rhyme to remember them the better.
X. To turn, twist. [Parallel to warp:—Old English weorpan to throw, and throw:—Old English þráwan to twist, turn.]† 54. † 56. intransitive. To have an inclination; to incline, slope, slant; to lie away. Obsolete.
53. Of timber, etc.: To warp.
a. intransitive.
ΘΚΠ
the world > space > shape > misshapenness > lose shape or become misshapen [verb (intransitive)] > become distorted
cast1545
distort1680
shevel1808
1545 R. Ascham Toxophilus i. f. 3 My good bowe clene cast on the one side.
a1642 H. Best Farming & Memorandum Bks. (1984) 117 When oake cometh to dry, it will shrinke, cast, drawe a nayle.
1669 J. Worlidge Systema Agriculturæ (1681) 239 If you lay them in the Sun or Wind, they chap, or shrink, or cast.
1678 J. Moxon Mech. Exercises I. vi. Explan. Terms 108 Stuff is said to Cast or warp when by its own droughth or moisture..or other accident it alters its flatness and straightness.
1881 Eng. Mechanic 23 Dec. 368 In consequence of the liability of this wood to cast.
b. ? transitive (only in past participle)
ΚΠ
a1642 H. Best Farming & Memorandum Bks. (1984) 129 To prevent them [sc. theire pikes] from beinge casten.
1717 J. Tabor in Philos. Trans. (Royal Soc.) 30 551 They [bricks] were very firm, and not in the least Warp'd or Cast in Burning.
1726 R. Neve Builder's Dict. (ed. 3) (at cited word) A Piece of Timber..is said to Cast or to be Cast when..it alters its Flatness.
1824 T. Carlyle Let. 27 Sept. in Coll. Lett. T. & J. W. Carlyle (1970) III. 158 The old tile-roof is cast by age and twisted into all varieties of curvature.
1874 E. H. Knight Amer. Mech. Dict. I. 497/2 Cast, warped—said of sprung timber.
a. intransitive. To turn in one's course. Obsolete.
ΘΚΠ
the world > movement > motion in a certain direction > change of direction of movement > change direction of movement [verb (intransitive)]
charec1000
stintc1330
turnc1330
to turn awaya1382
windc1385
casta1475
rebatea1500
strike1576
to cast about1591
veer1769
to come around1797
twist?1801
vert1859
a1475 Bk. Curtasye (Sloane 1986) l. 336 in Babees Bk. (2002) i. 309 Noþer to harme chylde ne best, With castyng, turnyng west ne est.
1600 in Roxburghe Ballads (1887) VI. 404 The birds of Heauen the nearest way haue flowne, And under earth the moules doe cast aright.
b. Nautical. To veer, turn.
ΘΚΠ
society > travel > travel by water > directing or managing a ship > use of wind > avail oneself of a wind [verb (intransitive)] > go about > by tacking
traverse1568
to cast about1591
to throw about1591
staya1613
flat1622
cast1671
to put about1712
to come about1777
to throw round1882
1671 London Gaz. No. 580/2 Which causing a mistake at Helm, the ship cast a contrary way.
1798 Capt. Miller in Ld. Nelson Dispatches & Lett. (1846) VII. Introd. 159 We cast so as to open the view of our broadside to her.
1882 G. S. Nares Seamanship (ed. 6) 199 Prepare for casting to port.
1885 W. C. Russell Strange Voy. I. xiv. 208 The wind has so got hold of her that she won't cast one way or the other.
c. transitive. To bring (a ship) round.
ΘΚΠ
society > travel > travel by water > directing or managing a ship > use of wind > get into the current of the wind [verb (transitive)] > cause to go about
wend1556
to put about1607
wind1623
staya1625
about1694
cast1769
1769 W. Falconer Universal Dict. Marine (at cited word) Jib, Its effort in casting the ship, or turning her head to leeward is very powerful.
1836 F. Marryat Three Cutters i, in Pirate & Three Cutters 231 Her foresail is loose, all ready to cast her.
55. To turn (the scale or balance). Obsolete or archaic. Cf. casting vote at casting adj. 2.
ΘΚΠ
society > authority > power > influence > have influence with [verb (transitive)] > turn (the balance)
cast1597
ponderate1670
1597 F. Bacon Ess. f. 11v When matters haue stucke long in ballancing, the winning of some one man casteth them.
1637 S. Rutherford Lett. (1863) I. cliii. 355 One grain-weight less would have casten the balance.
1667 Naphtali (1761) 139 Such advantages do preponderate and cast the scales.
1676 A. Marvell Mr. Smirke sig. I He cast the Scales against Arrius.
1837 J. H. Newman Lect. Prophetical Office Church 112 Nor can we cast the balance between the outward advantages and disadvantages.
ΘΚΠ
the world > space > relative position > inclination > incline or be oblique [verb (intransitive)]
lean1398
embelif1413
incline1553
cast1599
shelve1644
descend1675
slant1698
angle1741
cant1794
squint1799
oblique1814
1599 E. Sandys Europæ Speculum (1632) 193 Their Countries casting so much as they doe towards the North are out of his way.
1787 T. Best Conc. Treat. Angling (ed. 2) 66 After some sudden rain, or breaking up of a great snow in winter, you will plainly see which way the ground casts.
XI. To cover with plaster or the like.† 57. To cover by casting (mortar, or the like) on; to plaster, daub. Obsolete. Cf. roughcast adj. and n.
ΘΚΠ
society > occupation and work > industry > building or constructing > surfacing or cladding > clad or cover [verb (transitive)] > plaster
teer1382
pargeta1398
plastera1400
tirea1400
spargetc1440
tarras1485
spargen1512
pargen1536
sparge1560
cast1577
through-cast1611
parge1637
emplaster1649
run1849
slur1885
1577 W. Harrison Descr. Eng. (1877) ii. xii. i. 233 They..cast it all ouer with [thicke] claie to keepe out the wind.
c1650 J. Spalding Memorialls Trubles Scotl. & Eng. (1851) II. 217 Oure minister..kest with lyme that pairt quhair the bak of the alter stood, that it suld not be kend.
XII. Senses of doubtful position, and phrases.† 58. To tie or make (a knot): also to catch (in a cord, etc.), to entangle. Obsolete.† 64. to cast clean: to cleanse. to cast open: to open suddenly, ‘throw open’; also to open a way through. Obsolete.b.1546 J. Heywood Dialogue Prouerbes Eng. Tongue i. xi. sig. Eiii Deuiseth to cast in my teeth, Checks and chokyng oysters.1578 J. Lyly Euphues f. 48v The trecheries of his parents..will be cast in his teeth.1611 Bible (King James) Matt. xxvii. 44. 1675 T. Brooks Paradice Opened 62 God..will never hit him in the teeth with his former enormities, nor never cast in his dish his old wickednesses.1686 A. Horneck Crucified Jesus iii. 48 Strangers cast it in his teeth so often, Where is now thy God!1871 B. Jowett tr. Plato Dialogues I. 97 I would not have you cast in my teeth that I am a haughty Aexonian.† 66. to cast one's wits: to exercise or apply one's wits. Obsolete.† 67. to cast their heads (together): to unite in consultation. Obsolete; now put, lay heads together.
ΘΚΠ
the world > action or operation > difficulty > hindrance > types or manners of hindrance > hinder in specific manner [verb (transitive)] > by entangling or binding
shrenchc897
beswapec980
taglea1340
tanglea1340
gyve1377
encumber138.
engleimc1400
wrapc1412
involvec1440
fetter1526
mesh1532
crawl1548
felter1567
to tie up1570
in trick1572
ensnarl1593
entrammel1598
engage1603
casta1605
imbrier1605
weave1620
immaze1631
trammel1727
enchain1751
entangle1790
enmesh1822
in mesh1875
the world > relative properties > wholeness > mutual relation of parts to whole > fastening > binding or tying > bind or tie [verb (transitive)] > fasten or secure with a knot > tie (a knot) (in)
knitc1000
plight1589
casta1605
inknot1611
binda1616
knot1832
a1605 A. Montgomerie Sonnets (1887) xxxvii I can not chuse; my kinsh is not to cast.
1607 E. Topsell Hist. Foure-footed Beastes 410 Of hurts in the legs, that commeth by casting in the halter or collar.
1630 M. Drayton Moses iii, in Muses Elizium 165 The bard Steed with his Rider..Whose foot in his caparison is cast.
1637 S. Rutherford Lett. (1863) I. cxxii. 304 When Christ casteth a knot, all the world cannot loose it.
1691 J. Ray Wisdom of God 207 Cast a strait ligature upon that part of the Artery.
1825 J. Jamieson Etymol. Dict. Sc. Lang. Suppl. at Kinsch To cast a single knot on the end of a piece of cloth, or of a web.
59. Hawking. to cast a hawk: in various senses: cf. V., III., and see quots.
ΚΠ
c1430 Bk. Hawkyng in T. Wright & J. O. Halliwell Reliquiæ Antiquæ (1845) I. 296 Ye shull say cast your hawke thereto [to her game], and say not lete flee.
1486 Bk. St. Albans A ij b Bere thi hawke home on thi fiste and cast hir on a perch.
1486 Bk. St. Albans A vj b Ye shall say cast yowre hawke to the perch, and not set youre hawke vppon the perch.
1486 Bk. St. Albans B vj Whan she is cast to a fowle, she fleith a waywarde as thogh she knewe nott the fowle.
1614 S. Latham Falconry Explan. Wordes sig. ¶v To cast a Hawke, is to take her in your hands before the pinions of her wings, and to hold her from bating or striuing, when you administer any thing vnto her.
a1626 J. Fletcher & W. Rowley Maid in Mill iii. iii, in F. Beaumont & J. Fletcher Comedies & Trag. (1647) sig. Bbbb3/1 If you had..handled her as men do unmand Hawks, Cast her, and malde her up in good clean linnen.
1704 Dict. Rusticum at Eyess It will be proper to shew how to Seel a Hawk..Casting your Hawk, take her by the Beak, and put the Needle through her Eye-lid.
60.
a. Hunting. intransitive. Of dogs (or huntsmen): To spread out and search in different directions for a lost scent. Cf. to cast about at Phrasal verbs.
ΘΚΠ
the world > food and drink > hunting > hunt [verb (intransitive)] > search for game
to cast about1575
cast1704
try1810
1704 Dict. Rusticum at Hare-hunting So will they [Greyhounds] soon learn to cast for it at a doubling or default.
1863 G. J. Whyte-Melville Gladiators I. 233 Like a hound..casting forward upon a vague speculation.
1873 R. E. Egerton-Warburton Hunting Songs (new ed.) 36 Whenever check'd, whenever crost, Still never deem the quarry lost; Cast forward first..Cast far and near, cast all around, Leave not untried one inch of ground.
1873 R. E. Egerton-Warburton Hunting Songs (new ed.) 129 I can only backwards cast, or Blow my horn and take 'em home.
1885 Duke of Beaufort & M. Morris Hunting (Badminton Libr. of Sports & Pastimes) ii. 80 When they [harriers] come to a check..let them swing and cast;..only when they are utterly non-plussed should the huntsman go to their assistance.
1885 Duke of Beaufort & M. Morris Hunting (Badminton Libr. of Sports & Pastimes) ii. 87 In casting, do not be afraid to cast forward in the first instance.
b. transferred and figurative. to cast about one: to look about (mentally).
ΘΚΠ
the world > action or operation > endeavour > searching or seeking > make a search [verb (intransitive)]
seekc1000
ofsechec1300
searchc1330
laita1400
ripea1400
to cast about1575
to fall about1632
quest1669
to bush about or out1686
beat1709
to cast about one1823
feather1892
the mind > attention and judgement > enquiry > investigation, inspection > investigate, inspect [verb (intransitive)]
inquirec1330
aska1382
ensearch1382
questiona1500
investigate?1520
vestigatea1561
to look into ——1561
perpend1568
mouse1575
rake1603
undergo1605
fathom1607
ravel1618
examine1628
inquisition1644
to cast abouta1676
inspect1703
sound1793
disquisitea1823
look-see1862
to cast about one1867
1823 W. Scott Peveril I. vi. 161 I cast round the thicket.
1825 in W. Hone Every-day Bk. (1826) I. 292 I remember the old squire and his sporting chaplain casting home on spent horses.
1867 W. D. Howells Ital. Journeys 277 Spinabello cast about him to find a suitable husband for her.
1879 R. Browning Pheidippides 28 Gravely they turned to take counsel, to cast for excuses.
1885 Law Times 79 190/1 He casts about him for the wherewithal to meet the..expenditure.
c. New Zealand. Of a trained dog: to make a wide sweep when mustering sheep. Also, to direct a dog to make such a sweep. Cf. cast n. 41c.
ΘΚΠ
the world > food and drink > farming > animal husbandry > sheep-farming > rear sheep [verb (intransitive)] > herd sheep > action of sheepdog
cast1911
lift1921
back1934
1911 W. H. Koebel In Maoriland Bush v. 77 He must acquire the art of ‘casting’ a sheep-dog.
1947 P. Newton Wayleggo (1949) 153 It is instinctive for a heading dog to cast when running out i.e. to make a wide detour so as to get round his sheep without disturbing them.
1966 Weekly News (N.Z.) 6 Apr. 45/5 She cast out very wide and then she spotted the sheep on the huntaway course.
61. transitive. to cast hounds: to ‘throw off’, put on the scent.
ΘΚΠ
the world > food and drink > hunting > hunting with hounds > hunt with hounds [verb (transitive)] > put on scent
re-lay1590
to put (formerly also lay) (a dog) on the scenta1616
to lay on1655
put1673
to throw in1686
to cast hounds1781
lay1781
to throw on1815
1781 P. Beckford Thoughts on Hunting xi. 153 When he casts his hounds, let him begin, by making a small circle.
62. intransitive (Scottish) Of the sky: To clear of clouds. Cf. overcast v. 2.
ΚΠ
1768 A. Ross Fortunate Shepherdess 58 (Jam.) The sky now casts an' syne wi' thrapples clear, The birds about begin to mak their cheer.
63. transitive. to cast loose: to unfasten or let loose with force or decisiveness, set adrift; said esp. of a boat, or the like; also to cast adrift. Also figurative.
ΘΚΠ
society > authority > lack of subjection > freedom or liberty > liberation > set free [verb (transitive)] > from confinement
unbindc950
to let freec1000
aletOE
to let out1154
loosea1225
slakec1374
loosen1382
to let goc1384
releasec1384
unloosec1400
unlockc1410
dissolvec1420
relievec1450
unloosen?a1475
to set at liberty1509
enlargea1513
to let at large1525
to let loose1530
to turn loose?1566
enfranchise1569
to turn up1573
enfranch1581
unkennel1589
unwind1596
to cast loosec1600
disimmure1611
disimprison1611
unhamper1620
to let abroad1633
unfold1633
disencloister1652
disencage1654
discagea1657
disincarcerate1665
eliminate1745
unspherea1806
unmew1818
unbottle1821
uncage1837
unbag1854
bust1921
the world > relative properties > wholeness > mutual relation of parts to whole > separation > separation or detachment > loosening or unfastening > loosen, unfasten, or untie [verb (transitive)] > and release
loose1382
abandon1582
to cast loosec1600
disengage1662
enfranchise1682
unwhip1683
release1807
society > travel > travel by water > other nautical operations > [verb (transitive)] > cast adrift
to cast adrift1805
c1600 Hist. & Life James VI (1825) 52 All the people were cassin sa lowse, and war becum of sik dissolute myndis.
1660 J. Guthrie in Life (1846) 249 The Lords Day disregarded and casten loose.
1751 Adm. Hawke in Naval Chron. 7 464 Instead of daring to cast the squadron loose.
1805 A. Duncan Mariner's Chron. III. 353 The captain ordered the boat to be cast loose.
1805 A. Duncan Mariner's Chron. III. 354 The boat..turned bottom upwards, her lashings being cast loose.
1805 A. Duncan Mariner's Chron. IV. 27 The boat was veered astern, and soon after cast adrift.
1856 P. E. Dove Logic Christian Faith v. i. ii. 284 The smallest possibility of error on the part of God would cast the universe loose from its moral obligation.
1884 S. Baring-Gould Mehalah (new ed.) ii. 27 She..cast loose, and began to row.
ΘΚΠ
the world > physical sensation > cleanness and dirtiness > cleaning > clean [verb (transitive)]
yclense971
cleansea1000
farmOE
fayc1220
fowc1350
absterse?a1425
mundify?a1425
muck1429
to cast clean1522
absterge1526
sprinkle1526
reconcile1535
net1536
clengec1540
neat?1575
snuff?1575
rinse1595
deterge1623
scavengea1644
scavenger1645
decrott1653
reform1675
clean1681
deterse1684
fluxa1763
to clean away, offa1839
to clean down1839
scavage1851
untaint1855
to sand and canvas1912
the world > space > relative position > condition of being open or not closed > open [verb (transitive)] > throw open
warpc1000
to-thrustc1175
to waive up1377
upcastc1425
to wap widec1440
to throw upa1500
to fling open1587
to cast open1633
to fling wide1847
1522 Worlde & Chylde (de Worde) (1909) sig. B.iv Frome slouthe clene you cast.
1633 Bp. J. Hall Plaine Explic. Hard Texts i. 474 Therefore will I cast open the frontiers of Moab.
1792 Spalding's Hist. Troubles Scotl. (new ed.) I. 126 The watch-word..being heard, the gates are casten open.
65. †to cast (any one) in the teeth: to reproach or upbraid him (with, that) obsolete; later construction to cast (a thing) in one's teeth.
ΘΚΠ
the mind > attention and judgement > testing > accusation, charge > make accusation [phrase]
to bear (a person or thing) in (also an, a, on) handc1300
to lay the blame on1393
to give the wrong to?1473
to lay in (his) neckc1515
to cast (any one) in the teeth1526
to cast (a thing) in one's teeth1526
to lay to (also cast in) a person's nose1526
to dash one in the teeth with (something)1530
call to or in coram1542
to cast (also lay, throw) (something) in one's dish1551
to throw (cast) a stone or stones (at)1568
to cast up1604
to nail to the barn door1894
the mind > attention and judgement > contempt > disapproval > reproach > [verb (transitive)] > reproach with
upbraida1250
undernimc1320
to lay to one's credit, reproachc1515
to cast (a thing) in one's teeth1526
to twit (a person) in the teeth1530
to hit (one) in the teeth with1535
to cast (also lay, throw) (something) in one's dish1551
to fling (anything) in one's teeth1587
to throw (thrust, fling, (etc.)) (something) in a person's face1597
to tit (a person) in the teeth1622
nose1625
exprobrate1630
puta1663
1526 Bible (Tyndale) James i. 5 Which geveth to all men..with~outen doublenes, and casteth no man in the teth [1611 upbraideth not].
1530 J. Palsgrave Lesclarcissement 764/2 I caste him in the tethe or in the nose.
1563 2nd Tome Homelyes Repentance iii, in J. Griffiths Two Bks. Homilies (1859) ii. 346 That we shall never be cast in the teeth with them.
1578 T. Tymme tr. J. Calvin Comm. Genesis 254 He casteth the Jews in the teeth that their fathers served strange Gods.
1642 D. Rogers Naaman 30 He cast them in the teeth with their former injurious casting him out.
ΘΚΠ
the mind > mental capacity > understanding > intelligence, cleverness > have intelligence [verb (intransitive)] > apply intelligence
to cast one's wits15..
intellectualize1827
15.. R. Lindsay Hist. & Cron. Scotl. Cast his ingine to set a remedy thereto.
c1540 (?a1400) Destr. Troy 11428 Þan þai comynd in the cas, castyn hor wittes.
1579 L. Tomson tr. J. Calvin Serm. Epist. S. Paule to Timothie & Titus 236/2 If the enterprise bee great, he must cast all his wit yt way.
ΘΚΠ
the mind > attention and judgement > judgement or decision > advice > give advice [verb (intransitive)] > consult or take advice > together or with another
to lay‥heads togetherc1381
deliberc1405
to cast their heads (together)1535
deliberate1538
to compare notes1709
1535 Bible (Coverdale) Prol. Occasion to cast their heads together, and to make provision for the poor.
1602 S. Patrick tr. I. Gentillet Disc. Wel Governing 318 They of the nobilitie all casting their heads, and employing their abilities for their gentleman.
68. to cast eggs:
a. to beat them up.
ΚΠ
a1825 Receipts Cookery 7 (Jam.) Mix with it ten eggs well cast.
a1825 Receipts Cookery 8 (Jam.) Cast nine eggs and mix them with a chopin of sweet milk.
b. ‘to drop them for the purpose of divination’ (Jamieson).
ΚΠ
a1825 MS. Poem (Jam.) By..casting eggs, They think for to divine their lot.
69. to cast a clod between (Scottish); to widen the breach between. †to cast galmoundis (Sc.): to cut capers. to cast a (point of) traverse: (see quots.). †to cast stones against the wind: to labour in vain. Also to cast ambs-ace, to cast anchor, to cast a bone, to cast cantraips, to cast cavel, to cast a damp, to cast damper, to cast an essoin (excuse), to cast lots, to cast a spell; for which see those words.
ΘΚΠ
the world > action or operation > harm or detriment > disadvantage > uselessness > uselessness, vanity, or futility > be of no avail [verb (intransitive)] > expend effort in vain
to lose or spill one's whilec1175
to speak to the windc1330
tinec1330
to beat the windc1375
lose?a1513
to boil, roast, or wash a stonea1529
to lose (one's) oil1548
to plough the sand (also sands)a1565
to wash an ass's head (or ears)1581
to wash an Ethiop, a blackamoor (white)1581
to wash a wall of loam, a brick or tilea1600
to milk the bull (also he-goat, ram)1616
to bark against (or at) the moona1641
dead horse1640
to cast stones against the wind1657
dry-ditcha1670
baffle1860
to go, run or rush (a)round in circles1933
1529 D. Lindsay Compl. King 181 Castand galmoundis with bendis and beckis.
1657 R. Ligon True Hist. Barbados 43 I grew wearie of casting stones against the wind.
1704 J. Harris Lexicon Technicum I Cast a Point of Traverse, in Navigation, signifies, to prick down on a chart the Point of a Compass any Land bears from you, or to find on what Point the Ship bears at any instant, or what way the Ship has made.
1768 A. Ross Fortunate Shepherdess 105 (Jam.) Betweesh them sae by casting of a clod.
1867 W. H. Smyth & E. Belcher Sailor's Word-bk. To cast a traverse, to calculate and lay off the courses and distances run over upon a chart.
Phrasal verbs
In combination with adverbs. to cast about to cast aside to cast away † 3. To thrust, push, turn or drive away. Obsolete. to cast back † 2. ? To put or thrust back, repulse, defeat (obsolete); ? to leave behind.† 3. To throw behind, hold or drag back, impede (obsolete). to cast behind to cast by to cast down to cast forth † 3. To throw out (roots, branches). Obsolete. to cast in † 4. To choose partners at cards. Obsolete. to cast off † 6. To throw off, as vapour, or the like; to run off melted metal. Obsolete. to cast on to cast out † 4. To set forth by power, set free, deliver. Obsolete. to cast over to cast up † 2. To vomit. Cf. 25. Obsolete or dialect ( to cast up one's accounts is used humorously in this sense.)† 6. To dig up, to dig. Obsolete.† 7. To shake or toss up. Obsolete.† 8. To ‘throw up’; give up, abandon. Obsolete.
1. transitive. See simple senses and about adv.
ΚΠ
1648 R. Herrick Hesperides sig. D6v Sighs numberlesse he cast about.
1697 J. Dryden tr. Virgil Pastorals iv, in tr. Virgil Wks. 19 Begin..to cast about Thy Infant Eyes.
1789 ‘P. Pindar’ Subj. for Painters 69 She cast about her eyes in thought profound.
2. intransitive. To turn about. Nautical. To change the course, to go on the other tack. Cf. 54.
ΘΚΠ
the world > movement > motion in a certain direction > change of direction of movement > change direction of movement [verb (intransitive)]
charec1000
stintc1330
turnc1330
to turn awaya1382
windc1385
casta1475
rebatea1500
strike1576
to cast about1591
veer1769
to come around1797
twist?1801
vert1859
society > travel > travel by water > directing or managing a ship > use of wind > avail oneself of a wind [verb (intransitive)] > go about > by tacking
traverse1568
to cast about1591
to throw about1591
staya1613
flat1622
cast1671
to put about1712
to come about1777
to throw round1882
1591 W. Raleigh Rep. Fight Iles of Açores sig. Bv Perswaded..to cut his maine saile, and cast about.
1611 Bible (King James) Jer. xli. 14 The people..cast about and returned, and went into Johanan. View more context for this quotation
1635 Ld. Lindsey in Sir W. Monson Naval Tracts (1704) iii. 335/1 If I cast about in the night, I will shoot a Piece of Ordnance.
a1716 Sc. Pasquils (1868) 277 Prone to cast about to th' other shore.
3. To go this way and that in search for game, a lost scent, etc., originally a hunting locution. Cf. 60.
ΘΚΠ
the world > food and drink > hunting > hunt [verb (intransitive)] > search for game
to cast about1575
cast1704
try1810
the world > action or operation > endeavour > searching or seeking > make a search [verb (intransitive)]
seekc1000
ofsechec1300
searchc1330
laita1400
ripea1400
to cast about1575
to fall about1632
quest1669
to bush about or out1686
beat1709
to cast about one1823
feather1892
1575 G. Gascoigne Noble Arte Venerie xl. 120 Huntesmen may caste aboute in the moste conuenient moyst places, and..vnder some bushe or shade.
1607 E. Topsell Hist. Foure-footed Beastes 141 Dogges..will cast about for the game, as a disputant doth for the truth.
1857 T. Hughes Tom Brown's School Days i. vii. 165 There is nothing for it but to cast about for the scent.
1879 R. L. Stevenson Trav. with Donkey 166 I began to cast about for a place to camp in.
4. figurative.
ΘΚΠ
the mind > attention and judgement > enquiry > investigation, inspection > investigate, inspect [verb (intransitive)]
inquirec1330
aska1382
ensearch1382
questiona1500
investigate?1520
vestigatea1561
to look into ——1561
perpend1568
mouse1575
rake1603
undergo1605
fathom1607
ravel1618
examine1628
inquisition1644
to cast abouta1676
inspect1703
sound1793
disquisitea1823
look-see1862
to cast about one1867
a1676 M. Hale Primitive Originat. Mankind (1677) i. i. 22 I cast about for all circumstances that may revive my Memory.
1732 G. Berkeley Alciphron II. vi. xxxii. 119 They who cast about for Difficulties, will be sure to find or make them.
1875 E. White Life in Christ (1878) iii. xix. 252 Casting about for some explanation of the Atonement.
5. To consider, contrive, devise means, lay plans. Const. with infinitive or clause. Cf. 42, 43.
ΘΚΠ
the mind > will > intention > planning > plan [verb] > plan to do something
lay1573
plota1586
to cast aboutc1590
to put into (also in) practice1592
plat1596
project1600
to lay abouta1618
to lay out1651
plan1718
c1590 C. Marlowe Jew of Malta ii. ii Like a cunning Jew so cast about, That ye be both made sure.
1603 R. Knolles Gen. Hist. Turkes 428 The Turkes being mo in number, cast about to haue encloased them.
1677 A. Yarranton England's Improvem. 18 Now he casts about how to preserve himself from the Storm.
1704 J. Swift Full Acct. Battel between Bks. in Tale of Tub 258 She cast about to change her Shape.
1712 Spectator No. 524. ⁋9 I was casting about within myself what I should do.
1861 S. Wilberforce Agathos, Tent in Pl. (1865) 141 I cast about in my mind how I should speak to him.
1. transitive. See simple senses and aside adv., prep., adj., and n.
ΚΠ
1864 Ld. Tennyson Aylmer's Field in Enoch Arden, etc. 92 For on entering He had cast the curtains of their seat aside.
2. To throw aside from use, discard.
ΘΚΠ
the world > action or operation > harm or detriment > disadvantage > uselessness > non-use > refrain from using [verb (transitive)] > discard from use
to cast asidea1420
to throw aside1532
to put, set or lay by1535
to throw down1548
to throw by1582
to cast by1599
supersede1642
slab1835
to put aside1872
a1420 T. Hoccleve De Regimine Principum 319 He..cast our holy cristen feithe aside.
a1616 W. Shakespeare Macbeth (1623) i. vii. 35 Worne now in their newest glosse, Not cast aside so soone. View more context for this quotation
1697 J. Dryden tr. Virgil Georgics iii, in tr. Virgil Wks. 116 A Snake..has cast his slough aside . View more context for this quotation
1885 Manch. Examiner 11 Nov. 3/3 Purchased for railway reading and then carelessly cast aside.
1. transitive. See simple senses and away adv., adj., and n.
ΘΚΠ
the world > movement > impelling or driving > projecting through space or throwing > throw [verb (transitive)] > away
to cast awaya1300
to throw awaya1398
voida1400
off-hurlc1540
kest1590
a1300 Cursor Mundi 1954 Lok þai cast a way þe blod.
a1425 (c1395) Bible (Wycliffite, L.V.) (Royal) (1850) Gen. xxi. 15 Sche castide awei the child vndur a tre.
c1550 Complaynt Scotl. (1979) iii. 22 The file..is vorne ande cassin auaye.
1885 R. L. Stevenson & F. Stevenson Dynamiter 125 To cast the bag away from him.
2. esp. figurative. To put from one, part with forcibly, dismiss, reject.
ΘΚΠ
the mind > possession > relinquishing > casting or laying aside > [verb (transitive)]
to let awaya1000
forcast?c1225
to lay downc1275
forthrow1340
flita1375
removea1382
to cast away1382
understrewc1384
castc1390
to lay awaya1400
to lay asidec1440
slingc1440
warpiss1444
to lay from, offc1480
way-put1496
depose1526
to lay apart1526
to put off1526
to set apart1530
to turn up1541
abandonate?1561
devest1566
dispatch1569
decarta1572
discard1578
to make away1580
to fling away1587
to cast off1597
doff1599
cashier1603
to set by1603
moult1604
excuss1607
retorta1616
divest1639
deposit1646
disentail1667
dismiss1675
slough1845
shed1856
jettison1869
shake1872
offload1900
junk1911
dump1919
sluff1934
bin1940
to put down1944
shitcan1973
1382 Bible (Wycliffite, E.V.) Ezek. xvi. 45 Thi modir, which castide a wei hir husboond and hir sones.
a1400 (a1325) Cursor Mundi (Gött.) l. 25675 Mi soru, i cast away.
1535 Bible (Coverdale) Jer. xxxiii. 24 Two kynreddes had the Lorde chosen and those same two hath he cast awaye.
1613 N. Breton Answer in Vncasing Machiuils Instr. F b All Cards and Dice..discard and cast away.
1758 S. Johnson Idler 15 Apr. 9 Hope is not wholly to be cast away.
1812 W. S. Landor Count Julian ii. iv. 27 Egilona..casts away, Indifferent or estranged the marriage-bond.
ΘΚΠ
the world > movement > motion in a certain direction > going away > causing to go away > command to go away [verb (transitive)] > drive away
feezec890
adriveeOE
aflemeeOE
off-driveeOE
flemeOE
withdrivec1000
adreveOE
to drive outOE
biwevea1300
chasec1300
void13..
catcha1325
firk1340
enchasec1380
huntc1385
to catch awayc1390
forcatch1393
to put offa1398
to cast awaya1400
to put outc1400
repel?a1439
exterminate1541
chasten1548
propulse1548
keir1562
hie1563
depulse1570
band1580
bandy1591
flit1595
ferret1601
profugate1603
extermine1634
a1400 (a1325) Cursor Mundi (Trin. Cambr.) l. 14332 Þe graue lid awey þei kist.
a1400 (a1325) Cursor Mundi (Vesp.) l. 5688 Come hirdes and awai þam kest.
?c1450 tr. Bk. Knight of La Tour Landry (1906) 9 Her husbonde kiste away his herte from his wyff.
4. To throw away, i.e. in waste or loss; to spend uselessly, waste wantonly, squander, ruin.
ΘΚΠ
the world > action or operation > harm or detriment > disadvantage > uselessness > misuse > [verb (transitive)] > waste
spilla1000
scatter1154
aspilla1250
rospa1325
waste1340
spend1390
consumec1425
waste1474
miswenda1500
forsumea1510
to cast away1530
to throw away1561
embezzle1578
squander1593
palter1595
profuse1611
squander1611
ravel1614
sport1622
to fool away1628
to stream out1628
to fribble away1633
sweal1655
frisk1665
to fiddle away1667
wantonize1673
slattera1681
swattle1681
drivel1686
swatter1690
to muddle away1707
squander1717
sot1746
slattern1747
meisle1808
fritter1820
waster1821
slobber1837
to cut to waste1863
fringe1863
potter1883
putter1911
profligate1938
to piddle away1942
haemorrhage1978
spaff2002
1530 J. Palsgrave Lesclarcissement 477/1 Thou wylte caste away thyselfe and need nat.
a1616 W. Shakespeare King John (1623) ii. i. 334 France, hast thou yet more blood to cast away ? View more context for this quotation
1629 J. Shirley Wedding v. ii What d' ye mean To cast yourself away?
1713 J. Addison Cato v. ii Our father will not cast away a life So needful to us all.
1885 L. Wingfield Barbara Philpot I. iii. 43 Never with my consent shall you thus be cast away.
5. To wreck (a ship); to throw upon the shore, to strand. Also transferred and figurative.
ΘΚΠ
society > travel > travel by water > shipwreck > cause to suffer shipwreck [verb (transitive)] > wreck a vessel
break1382
score1504
wrack1562
wreck1576
throw1577
to cast away1600
shipwreck1624
pile1891
1600 W. Shakespeare Merchant of Venice iii. i. 94 Anthonio..Hath an Argosie cast away comming from Tripolis.
1665 C. Sackville Song in Poet. Wks. (?1816) 57 Our fears tempestuous grow, And cast our hopes away.
1667 E. Chamberlayne Angliæ Notitia: 1st Pt. (1684) 141 Goods floating on the Sea, and Goods cast away by the Sea on the Shore.
1684 London Gaz. No. 1988/1 The Capitana of the Gallies of Naples..was in a great storm cast away.
1717 Act 4 Geo. I c. 12 If any owner..shall..wilfully cast away burn or otherwise destroy the ship.
1779 H. Arnot Hist. Edinb. i. ii. 68 The very next day the vessel was cast away in the Forth.
1810 Naval Chron. 24 474 Our fatigue has been very great, being cast away on a barren place.
1840 R. H. Dana Two Years before Mast xvii. 47 The small Mexican brig which had been cast away in a south-easter, and which now lay up, high and dry.
1864 Ld. Tennyson Enoch Arden in Enoch Arden, etc. 39 Enoch, poor man, was cast away and lost.
1. transitive. See simple senses and back adv.
ΚΠ
c1450 Sidrak & Bokkus (Laud) f. 9 ij, That in here lawe were holden wys For to despute with Sidrak, But he caste hem all a bakke And ouercome all here reasoun.
ΘΚΠ
the world > action or operation > difficulty > hindrance > types or manners of hindrance > hinder in specific manner [verb (transitive)] > hinder or delay
bestayc1330
tarry1340
delaya1393
to put aback1450
to pull backa1470
retard1490
tarde1524
retary1526
to throw back1562
forslow1570
backward1594
detain1600
to set back1600
slug1605
retardate1613
tardya1616
taigle?1635
backen1649
remore1652
remorate1657
to cast back1671
to hold up1887
to knock back1945
1671 J. Milton Samson Agonistes 336 Mine [sc. feet] cast back with age Came lagging after. View more context for this quotation
4. intransitive. To go back over the same course, revert.
ΘΚΠ
the world > time > change > change to something else, transformation > change of direction, reversion > revert [verb (intransitive)]
awendOE
recommence1481
relieve?1510
turn1594
remigrate1601
to cast back1622
recounter1630
regress1650
retrovert1782
to turn round1802
retrogress1860
to turn back1886
U-turn1973
1622 R. Preston Godly Mans Inquisit. ii. 47 Crooked wayes, and crooked feete will cast backward.
1862 C. E. L. Riddell City & Suburb 197 You cast back for hundreds of years, and rake up every bit of pleasure I ever had in my life.
1862 C. E. L. Riddell City & Suburb 202 I think there must have been a dreadful misalliance somewhere in our genealogy, and that you have cast back to it.
1. transitive. See simple senses and behind adv., prep., and n.
2. ‘To leave behind in a race’ (Johnson).
ΘΚΠ
the world > movement > rate of motion > move at specific rate [verb (transitive)] > gain (ground) upon > catch up or overtake > outstrip
to leave behinda1393
overgoc1425
preventa1500
outgo1530
out-trot1555
outstrip1567
stripa1592
outpacea1596
out-swift1606
to have (also get) the speed ofa1616
outstretcha1642
to give (a person or thing) the go-by1642
to gain bounds of1653
outrace1657
outspeed1661
to cast behind1681
distance1691
belag1721
repass1728
outfoot1740
outdistance1789
fore-reach1803
to have the foot of1832
to run away1843
slip1856
short-head1863
tine1871
forespeed1872
outrate1873
1681 J. Dryden Spanish Fryar Prol. 15 You cast our fleetest Wits a mile behind.
1714 T. Ellwood Hist. Life (1765) 85 We were so far cast behind the Trooper that we had lost both sight and hearing of him.
1735 W. Somervile Chace iii. 464 Tho' far he cast the ling'ring Pack behind.
1850 R. Browning Easter Day xxvii The mind So miserably cast behind To gain what had been wisely lost.
† To throw aside from use. Obsolete.
ΘΚΠ
the world > action or operation > harm or detriment > disadvantage > uselessness > non-use > refrain from using [verb (transitive)] > discard from use
to cast asidea1420
to throw aside1532
to put, set or lay by1535
to throw down1548
to throw by1582
to cast by1599
supersede1642
slab1835
to put aside1872
1599 W. Shakespeare Romeo & Juliet i. i. 90 Neronas auncient Citizens, Cast by their graue beseeming ornaments.
a1645 W. Browne tr. M. Le Roy Hist. Polexander (1647) v. ii. 319 That great heart..cast by the scepter of Gheneoa.
1690 J. Locke Ess. Humane Understanding i. iii. 24 Men..cast by the Votes and Opinions of the rest of Mankind, as not worthy the reckoning.
1. See senses 11 – 13 and down adv.
ΘΚΠ
the world > movement > motion in a certain direction > downward motion > causing to come or go down > cause to come or go down [verb (transitive)] > bring to the ground/lay low > cast down
warpc1175
acastc1225
to throw downa1250
foldc1275
casta1300
throwc1330
waltc1400
shootc1480
to cast down1530
to fling down1587
stern1599
deject1627
the world > movement > motion in a certain direction > downward motion > causing to come or go down > cause to come or go down [verb (transitive)] > throw down
to throw adownc1275
downcastc1390
dejectc1420
cast1481
to cast down1535
terre1586
to throw down1714
a1300 Cursor Mundi 23720 Dame fortune turnes þan hir quele And castes vs dun.
a1340 R. Rolle Psalter cxx. 3 Pride kastes men down.
1530 J. Palsgrave Lesclarcissement 477/1 Who wolde have thought that so lytell a felowe coulde have caste him downe.
1535 Bible (Coverdale) Lament. ii. 1 As for the honore of Israel, he hath casten it downe from heauen.
1565–78 T. Cooper Thesaurus at Abjiceo He..cast himselfe downe a long in the grasse.
1860 J. Tyndall Glaciers of Alps i. §15. 101 The blocks which had been cast down from the summit.
1885 Creighton Age of Elizabeth (ed. 6) 22 Henry VIII delighted to show that he could cast down and could raise up.
2. transitive. To overthrow, demolish (a building).
ΘΚΠ
the world > existence and causation > creation > destruction > breaking or cracking > break [verb (transitive)] > break down, demolish, or ruin
spillc950
fellOE
to cast downc1230
destroy1297
to turn up?c1335
to throw down1340
to ding downc1380
to break downa1382
subverta1382
underturn1382
to take downc1384
falla1400
to make (a building, etc.) plain (with the earth)a1400
voida1400
brittenc1400
to burst downc1440
to pull downc1450
pluck1481
tumble1487
wreck1510
defacea1513
confound1523
raze1523
arase1530
to beat downc1540
ruinate1548
demolish1560
plane1562
to shovel down1563
race?1567
ruin1585
rape1597
unwall1598
to bluster down16..
raise1603
level1614
debolish1615
unbuilda1616
to make smooth work of1616
slight1640
to knock down1776
squabash1822
collapse1883
to turn over1897
mash1924
rubble1945
to take apart1978
the world > movement > motion in a certain direction > downward motion > causing to come or go down > cause to come or go down [verb (transitive)] > capsize or upset > overthrow in ruins or to destruction
to-warpc888
overwarpeOE
to cast downc1230
to throw down1340
everse?a1425
thringc1480
tumble1487
evert1533
c1230 Hali Meid. 5 And warpeð eauer toward tis tur for to kasten hit adun.
a1400 (a1325) Cursor Mundi (Vesp.) l. 16705 Þou said þat þou suld cast it [sc. the temple] dun and ras it þe thrid dai.
c1425 Wyntoun Cron. vii. viii. 90 The castelle than on Twedmouth made..Wes tretyd to be castyn down.
1572 Lament Lady Scot. in J. G. Dalyell Scotish Poems 16th Cent. (1801) II. 247 I se ȝour tempills cassin downe.
1637 S. Rutherford Lett. (1848) clxxxix. 373 Bulwarks are often casten down.
3. To bend and turn downward (the head, face, the gaze of the eyes).
ΘΚΠ
the world > space > relative position > posture > position of specific body parts > position specific body part [verb (transitive)] > head, face, or eyes
warpc1175
lout1297
to smite downa1350
to cast downc1374
embowc1440
droop1582
vail1586
upturn1667
slink1683
poke1852
c1374 G. Chaucer tr. Boethius De Consol. Philos. i. i. 7 Þus þis compaygnie of muses I-blamed casten wroþely þe chere adounward to þe erþe.
c1515 Ld. Berners tr. Bk. Duke Huon of Burdeux (1882–7) li. 172 Huon..spake no worde but cast downe his hede.
1752 S. Johnson Rambler No. 190. ⁋1 Every eye was cast down before him.
1873 W. Black Princess of Thule iv. 67 Sheila cast down her eyes, and said nothing.
4. To deject in spirits, disappoint, dispirit. Chiefly in past participle= downcast.
ΘΚΠ
the mind > emotion > suffering > dejection > make dejected [verb (transitive)]
drearya1300
discomfortc1325
batec1380
to cast downa1382
to throw downa1382
dullc1386
faintc1386
discomfita1425
discourage1436
sinkc1440
mischeera1450
discheerc1454
amatea1500
bedowa1522
damp1548
quail1548
dash1550
exanimate1552
afflict1561
dank1565
disanimate1565
sadden1565
languish1566
deject1581
dumpc1585
unheart1593
mope1596
chill1597
sour1600
disgallant1601
disheart1603
dishearten1606
fainten1620
depress1624
sullen1628
tristitiate1628
disliven1631
dampen1633
weigh1640
out-spirit1643
dispirit1647
flat1649
funeralize1654
hearta1658
disencourage1659
attrist1680
flatten1683
dismalizec1735
blue-devil1812
out-heart1845
downweigh1851
to get down1861
frigidize1868
languor1891
downcast1914
neg1987
a1382 Bible (Wycliffite, E.V.) (Douce 369(1)) (1850) Job xl. 28 And alle men seende he shal ben kast down.
1608 W. Shakespeare King Lear xxiv. 5 For thee oppressed King am I cast downe . View more context for this quotation
1711 J. Addison Spectator No. 256. ¶8 How often is the Ambitious Man cast down and disappointed, if he receives no Praise where he expected it?
1775 R. B. Sheridan Rivals v. iii Come, Mrs. Malaprop, don't be cast down.
1853 G. Rawson In Dark & Cloudy Day Comfort me, I am cast down.
1. transitive. See simple senses and forth adv.
ΚΠ
1667 J. Milton Paradise Lost ii. 889 The Gates..like a Furnace mouth Cast forth redounding smoak and ruddy flame. View more context for this quotation
1694 Acct. Several Late Voy. (1711) i. 114 I caused the Lead to be ast forth, but could not get ground at eighty Fathom.
1704 Dict. Rusticum at Withering This will not only cause her to cast forth her latter Burden, but dead Calf.
2. To throw or put out of doors, company, etc., expel, eject.
ΘΚΠ
the world > movement > motion in a certain direction > going or coming out > letting or sending out > let or send out [verb (transitive)] > expel
afferreOE
warpc1000
outdriveOE
wreakc1100
to cast out1297
to cast fortha1382
out-chasec1395
flecchea1400
to shoot forth, out, awaya1400
propel?1440
expulse?a1475
scour1488
out-thrust1532
to catch forthc1540
propulse1548
pulsec1550
unplant1552
to turn out of ——1562
extrude1566
detrude?1567
eliminate1568
deturbate1570
detruse1571
unroost1598
to put by1600
deturb1609
bolt1615
run1631
disembogue1632
out of1656
expel1669
rout1812
to manage (a person) out of1907
a1382 Bible (Wycliffite, E.V.) (Douce 369(1)) (1850) Jer. xxxvi. 30 His careyn shal be cast forth at the hete bi the dai.
1596 E. Spenser Second Pt. Faerie Queene vi.xii. sig. Kk That litle Infant..which forth she kest. View more context for this quotation
1597 W. Shakespeare Richard II i. iii. 151 To be cast forth in the common ayre. View more context for this quotation
1611 Bible (King James) Neh. xiii. 8 I cast foorth all the houshold stuffe of Tobiah out of the chamber. View more context for this quotation
ΘΚΠ
the world > plants > by growth or development > grow, sprout, or bear fruit [verb (transitive)] > sprout or put forth new growth
cast1340
burgeon1382
shoot1526
sprit1559
sprout1574
to put forth1592
to cast forth1611
to put out1614
emit1660
push1676
tiller1677
to throw out1733
to throw up1735
tillerate1762
flush1877
1611 Bible (King James) Hosea xiv. 5 Hee shall grow as the lillie, and cast foorth his rootes as Lebanon. View more context for this quotation
1. transitive. See simple senses and in adv.
2. figurative. To throw in (as an addition, or something extra).
ΚΠ
1682 J. Dryden Religio Laici 18 'Twere worth Both Testaments, and cast in the Creed.
1688 N. Culpeper & A. Cole tr. T. Bartholinus Anat. ii. i. 86 We shall treat of the Dugs of Women, casting in between while, wherein those of Men differ therefrom.
3. to cast in one's lot among or with: to become a partner with, to share the fortunes of.
ΘΚΠ
society > society and the community > social relations > association, fellowship, or companionship > associate with [phrase]
to run with ——c1350
to cast (also throw) in one's lot with1535
to cast in one's lot among or with1535
1535 Bible (Coverdale) Prov. i. A Cast in thy lott amonge us.
1816 W. Scott Old Mortality vii, in Tales of my Landlord 1st Ser. III. 151 Numbers of these men..prepared to cast in their lot with the victors of Loudon-hill.
1848 T. B. Macaulay Hist. Eng. iv Baxter cast in his lot with his proscribed friends, refused the mitre of Hereford, quitted the parsonage of Kidderminster.
ΘΚΠ
society > leisure > entertainment > pastimes > game > card game > play a card [verb (transitive)] > actions or tactics > choose partners
to cast in1740
1740 S. Richardson Pamela II. 259 We cast in, and Miss Boroughs and my Master were together.
1. transitive. See simple senses and off adv.
2. To throw off (clothes or anything worn).
ΘΚΠ
the world > textiles and clothing > clothing > providing with clothing > undressing or removing clothing > undress or remove clothing [verb (transitive)] > take off clothing
to do offeOE
to lay downc1275
to weve offc1290
stripc1320
doffa1375
loose1382
ofdrawa1393
casta1400
to take offa1400
warpa1400
to cast offc1400
to catch offc1400
waivec1400
voidc1407
to put off?a1425
to wap offc1440
to lay from, offc1480
despoil1483
to pull offc1500
slip1535
devest1566
to shift off1567
daff1609
discuss1640
to lay off1699
strip1762
douse1780
shuffle1837
derobe1841
shed1858
skin1861
peel1888
pull1888
c1400 Mandeville's Trav. v. 41 A woman myghte wel passe there, withouten castynge of of hire Clothes.
c1540 (?a1400) Destr. Troy 12661 Palomydon..cast of his clothis cantly & wele.
1609 Bp. W. Barlow Answer Catholike English-man 274 Them hee casteth off as the fellow..did his spectacles.
1697 W. Dampier New Voy. around World vii. 165 In a weeks time the Tree casts off her old Robes.
3. figurative. To throw off as clothes, a yoke, etc.
ΘΚΠ
the mind > possession > relinquishing > casting or laying aside > [verb (transitive)]
to let awaya1000
forcast?c1225
to lay downc1275
forthrow1340
flita1375
removea1382
to cast away1382
understrewc1384
castc1390
to lay awaya1400
to lay asidec1440
slingc1440
warpiss1444
to lay from, offc1480
way-put1496
depose1526
to lay apart1526
to put off1526
to set apart1530
to turn up1541
abandonate?1561
devest1566
dispatch1569
decarta1572
discard1578
to make away1580
to fling away1587
to cast off1597
doff1599
cashier1603
to set by1603
moult1604
excuss1607
retorta1616
divest1639
deposit1646
disentail1667
dismiss1675
slough1845
shed1856
jettison1869
shake1872
offload1900
junk1911
dump1919
sluff1934
bin1940
to put down1944
shitcan1973
1597 R. Hooker Of Lawes Eccl. Politie v. lxviii. 185 The Christian Religion they had not vtterly cast off.
1667 J. Milton Paradise Lost v. 786 To cast off this Yoke. View more context for this quotation
1690 J. Locke Ess. Humane Understanding i. iii. 19 But 'tis not to be imagin'd, That a whole Society of Men, should, publickly and professedly, disown, and cast off a Rule, which they could not, in their own Minds, but be infallibly certain, was a Law.
1751 J. Jortin Serm. (1771) V. i. 11 Casting of the belief of the true God.
a1876 J. H. Newman Hist. Sketches I. i. iv. 179 National habits and opinions cannot be cast off at will without miracle.
4. figurative. To put from one, discard, abandon, disown.
ΚΠ
1535 Bible (Coverdale) Ezek. xvi. 45 Thy mother..that hath cast of hir houszbonde and hir children.
1611 Bible (King James) Psalms lxxi. 9 Cast me not off in the time of old age. View more context for this quotation
1681 J. Dryden Spanish Fryar v. i. 70 To cast off my Father when I am great.
1713 J. Addison Cato iii. vii When I have gone thus far, I'd cast her off.
1850 H. Martineau Hist. Eng. during 30 Years' Peace II. v. xvii. 455 [The Prince] did make the other [Brummell] the fashion, and then cast him off.
1875 E. White Life in Christ (1878) i. viii. 72 To be cast off by God may be to perish.
5. Hawking and Hunting. To throw off (the couplings of hounds); to slip (dogs); to let fly (hawks).
ΘΚΠ
the world > food and drink > hunting > hunting with hounds > hunt with hounds [verb (transitive)] > release hounds
uncouplec1330
to let slip1530
to cast off1602
decouple1602
unslip1611
slipa1616
unleash1671
to throw off1686
the world > food and drink > hunting > hawking > [verb (transitive)] > release
to cast off1602
slipa1616
1602 2nd Pt. Returne from Pernassus (Arb.) ii. v. 32 Another company of houndes..had their couples cast off.
1611 R. Cotgrave Dict. French & Eng. Tongues Ajetter un oiseau, to cast, or whistle, off a hawke; to..let her flie.
1674 N. Cox Gentleman's Recreation i. 12 You may then cast off your young Hounds.
1725 D. Defoe New Voy. round World ii. 106 Just as a Huntsman casts off his Hounds.
1774 O. Goldsmith Retaliation 107 He cast off his friends, as a huntsman his pack; For he knew when he pleased he could whistle them back.
1826 J. S. Sebright Observ. Hawking (1828) 26 When a magpie is seen at a distance, a hawk is immediately to be cast off.
ΘΚΠ
the world > movement > motion in a certain direction > going or coming out > letting or sending out > let or send out [verb (transitive)] > emit > as a vapour
reekOE
transpire1598
evapour1615
evaporatea1626
exhalea1628
to cast off1674
perspire1680
pant1735
society > occupation and work > industry > working with specific materials > working with metal > work with metal [verb (transitive)] > heat > melt > run off melted metal
to cast off1674
1674 J. Ray Coll. Eng. Words 115 The Lead..is cast off by the blowing of the bellows.
1693 J. Ray Three Physico-theol. Disc. (ed. 2) ii. ii. 81 The Ocean doth evaporate, and cast off to the dry Land.
1704 Dict. Rusticum at Lapis Calaminaris They cast not off above twice in 24 hours.
7. Nautical. To loosen and throw off (a rope, sail, etc.), to let go, let loose; to loosen (a vessel) from a mooring. Also intransitive for reflexive.
ΘΚΠ
society > travel > travel by water > other nautical operations > [verb (transitive)] > loosen and throw off
to cast off1669
society > travel > travel by water > berthing, mooring, or anchoring > berth, moor, or anchor [verb (intransitive)] > slip anchor or mooring > cast off mooring
unmoor1611
to cast off1779
1669 S. Sturmy Mariners Mag. i. ii. 17 It is like to over-blow..cast off the Top-sail Sheets.
1745 P. Thomas True Jrnl. Voy. South-Seas 146 On the 2d there being little Wind and variable, we cast off the Gloucester, and the next Day took her again in Tow.
1779 T. Forrest Voy. New Guinea 252 Cast off, and rowed down the river.
1805 A. Duncan Mariner's Chron. IV. 29 One of the crew..jumped on shore and cast off the stern-fast of the boat.
1806 A. Duncan Life Nelson 30 La Minerve..cast off the prize.
1853 E. K. Kane U.S. Grinnell Exped. (1856) xvi. 124 We cast off again about 7 a.m.
1855 W. H. Russell War 47 The gaskets cast off the fore topsail.
8. Dance.
ΘΚΠ
society > leisure > dancing > types of dance or dancing > country-dance or dancing > take part in country-dance or dancing [verb (intransitive)] > begin country-dance
to cast off1762
1762 O. Goldsmith Citizen of World I. 115 She..makes one in a country-dance, with only one of the chairs for a partner, casts off round a joint-stool, and sets to a corner cupboard.
9. Knitting. To take the work off the wires, closing the loops and forming a selvedge. Cf. 58.
ΘΚΠ
the world > textiles and clothing > textiles > textile manufacture > manufacture textile fabric or that which consists of > manufacture of textile fabric > [verb (transitive)] > knit > processes involved in
purla1825
rib1837
to cast on1840
increase1840
slip1840
turn1846
toe1856
to knock over1875
to cast off1880
land1885
rep1951
raschel1970
1880 Plain knitting, &c. 11 To cast off which is done by knitting two loops and pulling the first made loop over the last.
1887 Fancy Work-basket No. 4. 62 Cast off 5 stitches in the usual way.
10. Printing. To estimate how much printed matter will correspond to (a piece of MS. copy). Also absol. (Cf. cast-off n.1 2.)
ΘΚΠ
society > communication > printing > preparatory processes > [verb (transitive)] > estimate amount
to cast off1683
1683 J. Moxon Mech. Exercises II. 250 Casting off Copy..is to examine..how much..of Printed Copy will Come-in into any intended number of Sheets..; or how much Written Copy will make an intended number of Sheets..: Therefore if I shew you how the Compositer Casts off Written Copy, I do at the same time inform you how to Count off Printed Copy.
1784 B. Franklin in Ann. Reg. (1817) Chron. 389 The compositors in your chapel do not cast off their copy well.
1808 C. Stower Printer's Gram. 135 To cast off manuscript with accuracy and precision, is an essential object.
1824 J. Johnson Typographia II. 89 To cast off manuscript..is a task of a disagreeable nature.
1892 A. Oldfield Pract. Man. Typogr. xii. 97 Sometimes copy is so badly arranged that it is almost impossible to cast-off accurately... In casting-up allowance must be made for chapter-heads, &c.
1. transitive. To throw on (a plaid, or shawl); to put on (clothes).
ΘΚΠ
the world > textiles and clothing > clothing > providing with clothing > provide with clothing [verb (transitive)] > put on
to do oneOE
graitha1375
puta1382
to take on1389
to let falla1400
takea1400
to put on?a1425
endow1484
addressa1522
to get on1549
to draw on1565
don1567
to pull on1578
dight1590
sumpterc1595
to get into ——1600
on with1600
array1611
mount1785
to cast on1801
endoss1805
endue1814
ship1829
1801 W. Beattie Fruits Time Parings 34 The Young-man now casts on his plaid.
2. To make the initial loops or stitches on the wires in knitting. Cf. 58.
ΘΚΠ
the world > textiles and clothing > textiles > textile manufacture > manufacture textile fabric or that which consists of > manufacture of textile fabric > [verb (transitive)] > knit > processes involved in
purla1825
rib1837
to cast on1840
increase1840
slip1840
turn1846
toe1856
to knock over1875
to cast off1880
land1885
rep1951
raschel1970
1840 in Westmrld. Gloss.
1887 Fancy Work-basket No. 4. 62 Cast on 83 stitches.
1889 N.E.D. at Cast Mod. Will you cast on a stocking for me?
1. transitive. See simple senses and out adv.
ΘΚΠ
the world > movement > impelling or driving > projecting through space or throwing > throw [verb (transitive)] > out
to cast outc1200
to throw outa1387
outflingc1450
out-launch1594
c1200 Trin. Coll. Hom. 177 Þe se flouweð þe hi casteð ut þat water of hire stede into þat lond.
1535 Bible (Coverdale) Lament. i. 17 Sion casteth out hir hondes, and there is no man to comforte her.
1674 J. Ray Allom Work 139 After the second water is drawn off they cast out the Mine.
1697 W. Dampier New Voy. around World iii. 64 When we see them..we cast out a Line and Hook.
1713 J. Addison Cato i. iv. 8 Why do'st thou cast out such ungen'rous Terms Against the Lords.
2. To drive out forcibly, to expel, make an outcast. literal and figurative.
ΘΚΠ
the world > movement > motion in a certain direction > going or coming out > letting or sending out > let or send out [verb (transitive)] > expel
afferreOE
warpc1000
outdriveOE
wreakc1100
to cast out1297
to cast fortha1382
out-chasec1395
flecchea1400
to shoot forth, out, awaya1400
propel?1440
expulse?a1475
scour1488
out-thrust1532
to catch forthc1540
propulse1548
pulsec1550
unplant1552
to turn out of ——1562
extrude1566
detrude?1567
eliminate1568
deturbate1570
detruse1571
unroost1598
to put by1600
deturb1609
bolt1615
run1631
disembogue1632
out of1656
expel1669
rout1812
to manage (a person) out of1907
society > society and the community > social relations > lack of social communication or relations > exclusion from society > exclude from society [verb (transitive)] > cast out from society
to cast out1297
outcasta1325
expel1534
abandon1548
the world > movement > motion in a certain direction > going or coming out > letting or sending out > let or send out [verb (transitive)] > expel > specific people from a place, position, or possession
outshoveOE
to do out of ——OE
shovec1200
to put out of ——c1225
to cast out1297
void13..
usurpa1325
to put outa1350
outputa1382
outrayc1390
excludea1400
expulse?a1475
expel1490
to shut forth1513
to put forth1526
to turn out1546
depel?1548
disseisin1548
evict1548
exturb1603
debout1619
wincha1626
disseise1627
out-pusha1631
howster1642
oust1656
out1823
purge1825
the bum's rush1910
outplace1928
1297 R. Gloucester's Chron. 375 He caste oute of hom & hous of hys men gret route.
c1340 R. Rolle Prose Treat. 17 When all vayne lufe and drede, vayne joy and sorowe es casten owte of þe herte.
138. J. Wyclif Serm. in Sel. Wks. II. 67 Þei token Crist and kesten him out of Jerusalem.
c1384 Bible (Wycliffite, E.V.) (Douce 369(2)) (1850) Mark ix. 37 Maistir, we syȝen sum oon for to caste out fendis in thi name.
1493 Chastysing Goddes Chyldern (de Worde) xvi. sig. Div/1 Yf thou cast vs out, sende vs in to a herde of hogges.
1637 S. Rutherford Lett. (1863) I. lxxxv. 217 Christ now casten out of His inheritance.
1667 J. Milton Paradise Lost i. 37 His Pride Had cast him out from Heav'n. View more context for this quotation
1884 Christian World 9 Oct. 766/3 Fear casts out love, just as constantly as love casts out fear.
3. To throw out of one's house, one's keeping or preservation; to fling away; to thrust out of doors, society, etc.
ΚΠ
a1425 (c1395) Bible (Wycliffite, L.V.) (Royal) (1850) Matt. v. 13 To no thing it is worth ouere, no but that it be cast out.
1535 Bible (Coverdale) Jer. xxxvi. 30 His deed corse shalbe cast out.
1597 R. Hooker Of Lawes Eccl. Politie v. lxiv. 156 Whome the crueltie of vnnaturall parents casteth out.
1730 J. Thomson Autumn in Seasons 127 Raiser of human kind! by Nature cast, Naked, and helpless, out amid the woods.
1887 Academy 4 June 391 A sorceress..cast out by her own father for her infamous conduct.
ΘΚΠ
the world > action or operation > safety > rescue or deliverance > rescue or deliver (from) [verb (transitive)]
areddec885
leeseOE
reddOE
winc1220
deliver?c1225
ridc1225
quita1250
betellc1275
casta1300
to cast outa1300
liverc1330
rescuec1330
wrechec1330
borrowc1350
to put out of ——c1350
to bring awaya1400
redea1400
wreakc1400
rescourec1425
rescousa1450
savec1480
relue1483
salue1484
redeem1488
recovera1500
redressa1500
eschewc1500
rescours1511
to pull (also snatch) out of the fire1526
recourse1533
withtakec1540
redeem1549
vindicate1568
retire1578
repair1591
reprieve1605
to bring off1609
a1300 Fall & Pass. 96 in Early Eng. Poems & Lives Saints (1862) 15 Of þe pit vte he ham cast an broȝt ham to heuen lyȝt.
c1400 J. Mandeville Voy. xxi. 225 God..wolde casten hem out of servage.
1490 W. Caxton tr. Foure Sonnes of Aymon (1885) ix. 226 Good lorde..that dydest cast danyell out fro the lyons.
5. To eject from the mouth, to vomit. Also transferred and absol. Cf. 25. archaic.
ΘΚΠ
the world > health and disease > ill health > a disease > disorders of internal organs > digestive disorders > have digestive disorder [verb (transitive)] > vomit
spew971
aspewc1200
to gulch out?c1225
casta1300
vomea1382
brake1393
evacuec1400
to cast outa1425
deliver?a1425
voida1425
evomec1450
evomit?a1475
disgorge1477
to cast up1483
degorge1493
vomish1536
retch1538
parbreak1540
reject1540
vomit1541
evacuate1542
revomit1545
belch1558
vomit1560
to lay up1570
upvomit1582
to fetch up1599
puke1601
respew1606
inbelch1610
spew1610
to throw up1614
exgurgitate1623
out-spew1647
egurgitate1656
to throw off1660
to bring up1719
pick1828
sick1924
yark1927
barf1960
to park the tiger1970
vom1991
the world > health and disease > ill health > a disease > disorders of internal organs > digestive disorders > have digestive disorder [verb (intransitive)] > vomit
spewc897
vomea1382
brake1393
perbreak?a1400
castc1440
envomish1480
parbreak1495
vomita1500
to cast the crawa1529
to cast (up), heave, spue up, vomit one's gorgea1529
galpa1535
to cast out1561
puke1586
purge1596
void1605
to jerk, shoot, whip the cat1609
rid1647
to flay the fox1653
posset1781
to shoot the cat1785
to throw up1793
throw1804
cascade1805
reject1822
yark1867
sick1924
to toss (also shoot, blow, etc.) one's cookies1927
to lose a dinner (or a meal)1941
to spew one's ring1949
chunder1950
barf1960
upchuck1960
yuck1963
ralph1966
to go for the big spit1967
vom1991
the world > movement > motion in a certain direction > going or coming out > letting or sending out > let or send out [verb (transitive)] > eject
warpc1000
wreaka1300
out-throwa1393
excludec1400
shootc1400
spitc1400
deliver?a1425
outflingc1450
springc1480
bolka1522
vomit1552
spurge1582
out-braid1586
hurl1590
cast1601
spew1605
eject1607
ejaculate1609
spew1610
to cast out1611
throw1625
eructate1632
gullop1646
explode1660
to throw off1660
belch1668
a1425 (c1395) Bible (Wycliffite, L.V.) (Royal) (1850) Job xx. 15 He schal cast [v.r. spue] out the richessis, which he deuouride.
1483 W. Caxton tr. J. de Voragine Golden Legende 306/3 What he ete or dranke alweye he vomyted and casted oute.
1561 J. Hollybush tr. H. Brunschwig Most Excellent Homish Apothecarye f. 15 He that hath a drye cough and doth not caste out.
1611 Bible (King James) Isa. xxvi. 19 The earth shall cast out the dead. View more context for this quotation
1728 E. Chambers Cycl. at Casting In the Morning she [sc. the hawk] will have cast them [sc. pellets of cotton] out.
6. intransitive. To disagree, quarrel, fall out. Scottish and northern dialect.
ΘΚΠ
the mind > emotion > hatred > quarrel or falling out > quarrel or fall at variance [verb (intransitive)]
varyc1450
quarrel1530
square1530
to fall offa1535
breach1573
snarl1593
snarl1597
breaka1616
to break offa1645
to cast out1730
to get wrong1803
split1835
split1843
society > society and the community > dissent > quarrel or quarrelling > quarrel [verb (intransitive)]
threapc1175
disputea1225
thretec1400
varyc1450
fray1465
to fall out1470
to set (or fall) at variancec1522
quarrel1530
square1530
to break a straw1542
to be or to fall at (a) square1545
to fall at jar1552
cowl1556
tuilyie1565
jarl1580
snarl1597
to fall foul1600
to cast out1730
fisticuff1833
spat1848
cagmag1882
rag1889
to part brass-rags1898
hassle1949
blue1955
1730 A. Ramsay Mercury in Quest of Peace The gods coost out, as story gaes.
1851 M. Oliphant Margaret Maitland 180 To be together but one week..and to cast out in the time.
1861 E. B. Ramsay Reminisc. Sc. Life (ed. 18) vi. 213 He's gane to mak four men agree Wha ne'er cast out.
1877 E. Peacock Gloss. Words Manley & Corringham, Lincs. They cast out wi' one another six year sin'.
1. See simple senses and over adv.
2. transitive. To turn over in one's thought. dialect.
ΚΠ
1877 E. Peacock Gloss. Words Manley & Corringham, Lincs. I've been castin' ower i' my heäd what you said.
1. transitive. See simple senses and up adv.1
ΚΠ
c1400 (?c1390) Sir Gawain & Green Knight (1940) l. 1192 Ho..stel to his bedde, Kest vp þe cortyn & creped with-inne.
1535 Bible (Coverdale) Psalms lix. [lx.] 4 A token..yt they maye cast it vp in the treuth.
1535 Bible (Coverdale) Ruth iii. 2 Boos oure kynsman..casteth up barly now this night in his barne.
1577 B. Googe tr. C. Heresbach Foure Bks. Husbandry iv. f. 181v A little dust cast vp on hye.
ΘΚΠ
the world > health and disease > ill health > a disease > disorders of internal organs > digestive disorders > have digestive disorder [verb (transitive)] > vomit
spew971
aspewc1200
to gulch out?c1225
casta1300
vomea1382
brake1393
evacuec1400
to cast outa1425
deliver?a1425
voida1425
evomec1450
evomit?a1475
disgorge1477
to cast up1483
degorge1493
vomish1536
retch1538
parbreak1540
reject1540
vomit1541
evacuate1542
revomit1545
belch1558
vomit1560
to lay up1570
upvomit1582
to fetch up1599
puke1601
respew1606
inbelch1610
spew1610
to throw up1614
exgurgitate1623
out-spew1647
egurgitate1656
to throw off1660
to bring up1719
pick1828
sick1924
yark1927
barf1960
to park the tiger1970
vom1991
1483 W. Caxton tr. A. Chartier Curial sig. iijv We ete so gredyly..that otherwhyle we caste it vp agayn.
a1616 W. Shakespeare Henry IV, Pt. 2 (1623) i. iii. 96 Thou (beastly Feeder) art so full of him, That thou prouok'st thy selfe to cast him vp.
1629 J. Earle Micro-cosmogr. (ed. 5) v. sig. C1v As in a nausëating stomacke, where there is nothing to cast vp.
1633 D. Rogers Treat. Two Sacraments Gospell ii. 12 A penitentiall triall, by which a beleever..searches himselfe and casts up his gorge that he might..return to God.
1704 Dict. Rusticum at Bear Which she eats and casts up again to her young ones, and so feeds them.
1735 M. Poole Dialogue between Popish Priest & Protestant 128 The very Body of Christ..may be cast up by Vomit.
1805 R. Anderson Ballads in Cumberland Dial. 12 The breyde she kest up her accounts In Rachel' lap.
3. Said of the action of the sea.
ΘΚΠ
the world > movement > motion in a certain direction > upward movement > raising > make to go up or cause to rise [verb (transitive)] > cast or throw up > by action of the sea
to cast upa1398
buller1553
a1398 J. Trevisa tr. Bartholomaeus Anglicus De Proprietatibus Rerum (BL Add. 27944) (1975) II. xvi. xlvii. 851 Some [precious stones] ben caste vp out of þe grete see.
1556 in J. G. Nichols Chron. Grey Friars (1852) 46 Grete men and women of Spanyarddes..ware drownyd and lost and gast up.
1611 Bible (King James) Isa. lvii. 20 The troubled sea, when it cannot rest, whose waters cast vp myre and dirt. View more context for this quotation
1883 Manch. Guard. 18 Oct. 4/7 Yesterday the body of a man..was cast up at Southport.
4. To throw, turn up or raise suddenly (the eyes, the head; formerly also, the nose, arms, etc.).
ΘΚΠ
the world > movement > motion in a certain direction > upward movement > raising > make to go up or cause to rise [verb (transitive)] > raise > specifically a part of the body
to bear upc1175
to cast upc1384
to throw upa1413
erect1609
to up with1766
c1384 G. Chaucer Hous of Fame 935 Now quod he thoo cast vp thyn ye.
1535 Bible (Coverdale) Ezek. viij. 17 Purposely to cast vp their noses vpon me.
1590 T. Lodge Euphues' Golden Legacie (1887) 21 Casting up his hand he felt hair on his face.
1704 Dict. Rusticum at Bridle To make him Rein well, and not cast up his Head.
1859 G. A. Sala Twice round Clock 39 His eyes..cast up to count the peaches on the wall.
5. To throw up (with a shovel), to form by this means, to raise (a ridge, mound, rampart, etc.).
ΘΚΠ
society > occupation and work > industry > earth-moving, etc. > [verb (transitive)] > raise mound, etc.
cast1593
to cast up1603
throw1747
1603 R. Knolles Gen. Hist. Turkes 737 To cast vp new fortifications within.
1611 Bible (King James) Isa. lvii. 14 Cast yee vp, cast yee vp; prepare the way. View more context for this quotation
1678 J. Bunyan Pilgrim's Progress 17 The way..was cast up by the Patriarchs. View more context for this quotation
1720 D. Defoe Mem. Cavalier 104 200 Men had Orders to cast up a large Ravelin.
a1781 R. Watson Hist. Reign Philip III (1783) ii. 86 Casting up entrenchments to secure his troops.
1881 J. Russell Haigs of Bemersyde ii. 35 To cast up a barrier between them and the aggressive inhabitants.
ΘΚΠ
the world > space > place > removal or displacement > extraction > extract [verb (transitive)] > dig out or up
delvec1000
upgravea1340
undelve1340
grubc1374
to dig upc1400
to dig outa1425
unearthc1450
sprittle1585
effode1657
to cast up1660
exhume1783
moot1823
excavate1848
lift1883
spud1886
pig-root1890
society > occupation and work > industry > earth-moving, etc. > [verb (transitive)] > dig (hole, etc.) > dig up (object)
upgravea1340
digc1350
to dig upc1400
to dig outa1425
unearthc1450
holk1554
moil1581
sprittle1585
effodicate1599
moot1610
effode1657
to cast up1660
to rough out1834
exter1835
excavate1848
crow1853
stub1927
1660 R. Sharrock Hist. Propagation & Improvem. Veg. 100 This he onely did by casting up their nests.
ΘΚΠ
the world > movement > motion in a certain direction > upward movement > raising > make to go up or cause to rise [verb (transitive)] > cast or throw up
upcastc1386
upbraida1525
toss1526
to cast up1557
plunge1567
uphurl1582
to toss up1588
upthrowc1614
sky1802
uptoss1828
1557 F. Seager Schoole of Vertue in Babees Bk. (2002) i. 338 To cast vp thy bed It shalbe thy parte, Els may they say that beastly thou art.
1563 T. Hill Arte Gardening (1593) 75 The hearb sodden with oyle, and after cast vp in glister forme, doth put away the paines.
ΘΚΠ
the mind > possession > relinquishing > relinquish or give up [verb (transitive)]
forsakec893
forlet971
to reach upOE
agiveOE
yield?c1225
uptake1297
up-yield1297
yield1297
deliverc1300
to-yielda1375
overgivec1384
grant1390
forbeara1400
livera1400
forgoc1400
upgive1415
permit1429
quit1429
renderc1436
relinquish1479
abandonc1485
to hold up?1499
enlibertyc1500
surrender1509
cess1523
relent1528
to cast up?1529
resignate1531
uprender1551
demit1563
disclaim1567
to fling up1587
to give up1589
quittance1592
vail1593
enfeoff1598
revoke1599
to give off1613
disownc1620
succumb1632
abdicate1633
delinquish1645
discount1648
to pass away1650
to turn off1667
choke1747
to jack up1870
chuck up (the sponge)1878
chuckc1879
unget1893
sling1902
to jack in1948
punt1966
to-leave-
?1529 R. Hyrde tr. J. L. Vives Instr. Christen Woman i. xvi. sig. Tv Men haue dispised & cast them [sc. mistresses] vp.
1530 J. Palsgrave Lesclarcissement 478/2 She hath ben his soverayne lady, this tenne yeres, and nowe he casteth her up.
c1650 J. Spalding Memorialls Trubles Scotl. & Eng. (1851) II. 288 His wyf keist wp all labouring.
9. To rake up and utter as a reproach; to cast in one's teeth. Scottish and northern dialect (or in lit. English by northern writers).
ΘΚΠ
the mind > attention and judgement > testing > accusation, charge > make accusation [phrase]
to bear (a person or thing) in (also an, a, on) handc1300
to lay the blame on1393
to give the wrong to?1473
to lay in (his) neckc1515
to cast (any one) in the teeth1526
to cast (a thing) in one's teeth1526
to lay to (also cast in) a person's nose1526
to dash one in the teeth with (something)1530
call to or in coram1542
to cast (also lay, throw) (something) in one's dish1551
to throw (cast) a stone or stones (at)1568
to cast up1604
to nail to the barn door1894
1604 Glasgow Kirk Sess. Rec. in Hist. Glasgow (1881) xvii. 149 To speak ill of the dead or to cast up their demerits.
1609 Bp. W. Barlow Answer Catholike English-man 12 To cast vp such a disastrous example in his Maiesties teeth.
1725 A. Ramsay Gentle Shepherd iii. ii Unless ye may cast up that she's but poor.
1823 Ann. Reg. 21 Mar. No one shall cast up to me, that I killed my father.
1848 E. C. Gaskell Mary Barton II. viii. 118 But we shall ne'er cast it up against you.
1864 Ld. Tennyson Northern Farmer: Old Style iv, in Enoch Arden, etc. 130 But a cost oop, thot a did, 'boot Bessy Marris's barn.
1876 ‘G. Eliot’ Daniel Deronda II. iv. xxxi. 274 It was to be hoped that he would never cast it up to her that she had been going out to service as a governess.
10. To add up, reckon up, calculate.
ΘΚΠ
the world > relative properties > number > mathematics > calculate or solve [verb (transitive)]
rimeeOE
calcule1377
numbera1382
accounta1387
casta1400
calk1401
computate1449
suppute?a1475
reckona1513
to cast up1539
yield1542
supputate1555
practise?a1560
calculate1570
compute1579
work1582
quantulate1610
resolve1613
find1714
to work out1719
solve1737
to figure out1854
1539–40 Ordinances Officers of Househ. in F. Thynne Animaduersions (1875) p. xxxiii The Clerke of the Greencloth shall..cast up all the particular Breifments of the House.
1600 P. Holland tr. Livy Rom. Hist. xxxiii. xlvii. 850 After he had cast up the bookes.
1660 S. Pepys Diary 10 Dec. (1970) I. 315 Did go to cast up how my cash stands.
1704 J. Harris Lexicon Technicum I. (at cited word) Abacus, sometimes signifies..a Table of Numbers for casting up Accounts.
1850 G. Grote Hist. Greece VIII. ii. lxviii. 624 An arithmetician, may..cast-up incorrectly, by design.
1873 Act 36 & 37 Vic. lxxi. §30 The returning officer..shall..cast up and ascertain the number of valid votes given to each person.
11. intransitive. To ‘turn up’; emerge into view; to come up as it were accidentally. Scottish and northern.
ΚΠ
1723 R. Wodrow Corr. (1843) III. 16 It will be strengthening to our brethren to have our sentiments on what casts up among them.
1753 Stewarts' Trial App. 128 If Allan Breck did not soon cast up in the country.
1824 W. Scott Redgauntlet I. xi. 256 If the money cast up.
1864 J. H. Burton Scot Abroad II. ii. 183 Another countryman, and Jesuit priest now casts up.
12. Of the weather, the day: to clear up (cf. 62); also, of clouds: to gather for a storm, etc. Scottish.
ΚΠ
1825 J. Jamieson Etymol. Dict. Sc. Lang. Suppl. (at cited word) It's Castin' up, the sky is beginning to clear, after rain.
1889 N.E.D. at Cast Mod. It's casting up for a storm.
Derivatives
ˈcastable adj.
ΚΠ
1892 Field 16 July 104/2 A fairly strong stream of only about 2 ft. in depth, and just a nice ‘castable’ width.
This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1889; most recently modified version published online June 2022).
> see also
also refers to : -castcomb. form
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n.a1300
adj.1c1430adj.21487
v.c1200see also