† agastv.

Forms: early Middle English ageast (south-west midlands), early Middle English agest (south-west midlands), Middle English agast (past participle), Middle English agaste (past tense and past participle), Middle English (1500s Scottish) agast (past tense), Middle English–1500s agaste, Middle English–1600s agast, 1500s aghast.

Origin: Formed within English, by derivation. Etymons: a- prefix¹, gast v.¹

Etymology: < a- prefix¹ + gast v.¹ Compare later aghast adj., aghasted adj., agazed adv., aghast v.

Obsolete.

a. transitive. To frighten, terrify. Also: to astonish or confound. Cf. gast v.¹, affright v.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > emotion > fear > quality of inspiring fear > quality of terribleness > terrify [verb (transitive)]

afearOE

affrightOE

breec1000

offrightlOE

agastc1225

offearc1225

dreadc1250

agrisec1275

begallowc1320

ashunchc1325

adreadc1330

affrayc1330

fleya1400

grise1513

terrify1536

fray-bug1551

thunderbolta1586

fear-blast1593

gaster1593

hazen1593

terrorc1595

affrighten1615

ter-terrifya1618

flaite1642

pavefy1656

repall1687

hobgoblin1707

scarify1794

to scare the daylights out of1951

c1225 (?c1200) St. Katherine (Royal) (1981) l. 581 Swa swiðe godes grace agaste, & ageide ham, þet euchan biheold oðer, as heo bidweolet weren.

c1275 (?a1200) Laȝamon Brut (Calig.) (1963) l. 3216 Þat folc hit agaste tunes hit aweste.

c1380 Sir Ferumbras (1879) l. 3410 Þe Sarazyns þay habbeþ sore agaste.

c1430 (c1386) G. Chaucer Legend Good Women (Cambr. Gg.4.27) (1879) l. 1171 What may it be That me agastith in myn slep?

c1475 (c1445) R. Pecock Donet (1921) 195 Þouȝ at sum tyme he rebuke þe trespacers..forto agaste hem.

a1522 G. Douglas tr. Virgil Æneid (1957) iv. vi. 146 His feirfull ymage doith me agast.

1582 R. Stanyhurst tr. Virgil First Foure Bookes Æneis ii. 42 I..was with no weapon agasted.

1590 E. Spenser Faerie Queene i. ix. sig. H8 Or other griesly thing, that him aghast.

1660 G. Mackenzie Aretina 126 Deaths horrid face represented in the mirrour of his dying friend, agasted him so, as that he was willing to ransome his life upon his knees.

b. transitive (reflexive). To become frightened, to feel fear.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > emotion > fear > be afraid [verb (reflexive)]

dreadc1175

agastc1300

ofdreadc1300

doubtc1330

fear1393

shitc1813

c1300 St. Christopher (Harl.) l. 97 in F. J. Furnivall Early Eng. Poems & Lives Saints (1862) 62 Cristofre him sore agaste To adrenche so heuy þat child was.

c1405 (c1385) G. Chaucer Knight's Tale (Hengwrt) (2003) l. 1566 The rynges..And eek the dores clatereden ful faste Of which Arcita som what hym agaste.

2. intransitive. To become frightened or alarmed; to take fright.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > emotion > fear > be afraid or fear [verb (intransitive)]

adreadeOE

affrightOE

frightc1000

agastc1300

offrightc1300

scarec1400

resoignc1500

fray1535

feara1593

fley1768

c1300 St. Brendan (Harl.) (1844) 22 (MED) Tho hurden hi..gret beting and noyse y-nouȝ..So that Brendan agaste sore, and him blescede faste.

a1325 (c1280) Southern Passion (Pepys 2344) (1927) l. 1722 Al þat lond sore agaste.

a1689 W. Cleland Coll. Poems (1697) 44 I must..get me hence, Or spew before your Excellence: For..I was ne're so sore agasting, To keep my Stomack from ov'r casting.

This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, September 2012; most recently modified version published online December 2021).

单词	agast
释义	† agastv. Forms: early Middle English ageast (south-west midlands), early Middle English agest (south-west midlands), Middle English agast (past participle), Middle English agaste (past tense and past participle), Middle English (1500s Scottish) agast (past tense), Middle English–1500s agaste, Middle English–1600s agast, 1500s aghast. Origin: Formed within English, by derivation. Etymons: a- prefix¹, gast v.¹ Etymology: < a- prefix¹ + gast v.¹ Compare later aghast adj., aghasted adj., agazed adv., aghast v. Obsolete. 1. a. transitive. To frighten, terrify. Also: to astonish or confound. Cf. gast v.¹, affright v. ΘΚΠ the mind > emotion > fear > quality of inspiring fear > quality of terribleness > terrify [verb (transitive)] afearOE affrightOE breec1000 offrightlOE agastc1225 offearc1225 dreadc1250 agrisec1275 begallowc1320 ashunchc1325 adreadc1330 affrayc1330 fleya1400 grise1513 terrify1536 fray-bug1551 thunderbolta1586 fear-blast1593 gaster1593 hazen1593 terrorc1595 affrighten1615 ter-terrifya1618 flaite1642 pavefy1656 repall1687 hobgoblin1707 scarify1794 to scare the daylights out of1951 c1225 (?c1200) St. Katherine (Royal) (1981) l. 581 Swa swiðe godes grace agaste, & ageide ham, þet euchan biheold oðer, as heo bidweolet weren. c1275 (?a1200) Laȝamon Brut (Calig.) (1963) l. 3216 Þat folc hit agaste tunes hit aweste. c1380 Sir Ferumbras (1879) l. 3410 Þe Sarazyns þay habbeþ sore agaste. c1430 (c1386) G. Chaucer Legend Good Women (Cambr. Gg.4.27) (1879) l. 1171 What may it be That me agastith in myn slep? c1475 (c1445) R. Pecock Donet (1921) 195 Þouȝ at sum tyme he rebuke þe trespacers..forto agaste hem. a1522 G. Douglas tr. Virgil Æneid (1957) iv. vi. 146 His feirfull ymage doith me agast. 1582 R. Stanyhurst tr. Virgil First Foure Bookes Æneis ii. 42 I..was with no weapon agasted. 1590 E. Spenser Faerie Queene i. ix. sig. H8 Or other griesly thing, that him aghast. 1660 G. Mackenzie Aretina 126 Deaths horrid face represented in the mirrour of his dying friend, agasted him so, as that he was willing to ransome his life upon his knees. b. transitive (reflexive). To become frightened, to feel fear. ΘΚΠ the mind > emotion > fear > be afraid [verb (reflexive)] dreadc1175 agastc1300 ofdreadc1300 doubtc1330 fear1393 shitc1813 c1300 St. Christopher (Harl.) l. 97 in F. J. Furnivall Early Eng. Poems & Lives Saints (1862) 62 Cristofre him sore agaste To adrenche so heuy þat child was. c1405 (c1385) G. Chaucer Knight's Tale (Hengwrt) (2003) l. 1566 The rynges..And eek the dores clatereden ful faste Of which Arcita som what hym agaste. 2. intransitive. To become frightened or alarmed; to take fright. ΘΚΠ the mind > emotion > fear > be afraid or fear [verb (intransitive)] adreadeOE affrightOE frightc1000 agastc1300 offrightc1300 scarec1400 resoignc1500 fray1535 feara1593 fley1768 c1300 St. Brendan (Harl.) (1844) 22 (MED) Tho hurden hi..gret beting and noyse y-nouȝ..So that Brendan agaste sore, and him blescede faste. a1325 (c1280) Southern Passion (Pepys 2344) (1927) l. 1722 Al þat lond sore agaste. a1689 W. Cleland Coll. Poems (1697) 44 I must..get me hence, Or spew before your Excellence: For..I was ne're so sore agasting, To keep my Stomack from ov'r casting. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, September 2012; most recently modified version published online December 2021). < v.c1225
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