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agaten. Origin: A borrowing from French. Etymons: French agate, agathen. Etymology: < Anglo-Norman and Middle French agate, agathe (French agate , †agathe ) agate (13th cent. in Old French; 12th or 13th cent. in Anglo-Norman as agathen (see note below); the form agate is rare before the late 17th cent.) < classical Latin achātes achate n.1, in post-classical Latin also agathes (13th cent.), agatis (14th cent. in British sources). Compare Old Occitan agata (1527), Catalan àgata (c1380), Spanish ágata , Italian agata (a1383; c1300 as †agatès ; also †agathes (beginning of the 14th cent.), †aghata (a1365)); also Middle Dutch agaet (Dutch agaat ; < French), Old High German agat . Compare earlier achate n.1 1 and the foreign-language forms cited at that entry.The Romance, post-classical Latin, and Old High German forms with medial -g- are difficult to explain; it has been suggested that they may result from folk-etymological association with ancient Greek ἀγαθός good (see agathism n.). In β. forms (only recorded in the table of contents of the work cited in quot. ?1483 at sense 1) after post-classical Latin agathes (see above). In γ. forms probably after Anglo-Norman agathen (12th or 13th cent.), apparently after classical Latin achāten , accusative singular of achātes , ultimately reflecting the paradigm of its ancient Greek etymon. The form nagget shows metanalysis (see N n.). It is unclear whether Middle English ayett in the following isolated attestation, of uncertain sense, shows the same word (it is tentatively glossed as ‘agate’ by Middle Eng. Dict. at ayet):c1450 in Antiquary (1897) 33 212 [A pax at St Stephen's, London, described as of] tre glassyd for the hygh auter and ij ayett with j Crucifix Mary and John. the world > the earth > minerals > types of mineral > hydrocarbon minerals > [noun] > coal > lignite > jet ?1483 W. Caxton tr. ii. sig. eviiiv Item there is founde a precious stone named agathe whyche is blacke of colour... Whan hit is kyndled hit maketh the serpentes to flee. a1544 R. Barlow tr. M. Fernández de Enciso (1932) 79 Here is the river gagatas where thei fynde the preciose stones called agates [Sp. gagatas]... In other places ther be the same kynd of stones but thei saie that here be the best for the more blacker the better thei be. 1661 R. Lovell 53 Of Sulphurs, Agath, Gagates. It's..of a black, stony earth, full of bitumen. society > occupation and work > materials > raw material > gem or precious stone > rock crystal > [noun] > chalcedony > agate the world > the earth > minerals > types of mineral > silicates > tectosilicate > [noun] > quartz > cryptocrystalline quartz > chalcedony > agate a1500 in J. Evans & M. S. Serjeantson (1933) 67 (MED) Agatten is a stone, & it is lik þe skyn of a lion. Some clepiþ it agapis..tak þat stone agatene & wassh him. 1542 in T. Thomson (1815) 62 Ane pair of beidis of raisit wark with galdeis of aget. 1551 J. Williams (1836) 20 A litell pixe of golde, all sett with agathes stones and perles. 1587 A. Golding tr. Solinus x. sig. H.iii The Ring of King Pyrrhus that made war against the Romaines, was not meanely spoken of, the stone whereof was an Agate, wherein were to bee seene the nine Muses. 1621 Lady A. Drury in S. Tymms (1850) 166 To my sister Gawdie, my agett and pearle chaine. 1625 in R. Sanderson (1726) XVIII. 239/1 One cupp, the boll thereof agett ovall Fashion, called the Constables Cupp, with an Aggett in the Foote. 1646 Sir T. Browne 381 Many fair rooms paved with Agath . View more context for this quotation 1716 Lady M. W. Montagu 10 Oct. (1965) I. 279 A large Collection of Agates..of an uncommon size. 1768 (Royal Soc.) 57 466 The pronged teeth are like to agate. 1789 C. Burney IV. 181 Tile them with gold, and pave them with aggots. 1836 J. Murray 413/1 High and romantic cliffs, chiefly of porphyry or amygdaloid, abounding in agates, amethysts, &c. of great beauty and variety. 1851 D. Wilson i. vi. 126 Arrow-heads..are..also met with of agate, cornelian, and other native pebbles. 1865 D. Livingstone & C. Livingstone xii. 261 The ground is strewn with agates for a number of miles above the falls. 1919 A. Huxley (1920) 1 Brown and bright as an agate, mountain-cool. 1966 J. J. Pollitt 149 Nero's fondness for Myrrhine ware, a type of tableware made from agate or a similar stone. 1993 I. Doig (1994) 14 Except for fingernail-sized shards of cloudy agate, the place's only natural resource was railroad tracks. 2008 Apr. 76/1 This out-of-the-way site in southern Colorado..is a source of white and blue chalcedony, white common opal, and agate in banded, dendritic, moss and plume forms. the world > life > the body > bodily height > shortness > [noun] > person 1600 W. Shakespeare iii. i. 65 If tall, a launce ill headed: If low, an agot very vildly cut. 1600 W. Shakespeare i. ii. 16 I was neuer manned with an agot till now. View more context for this quotation society > occupation and work > equipment > shaping tools or equipment > [noun] > smoothing or polishing > for metal 1728 E. Chambers (at cited word) The Gold Wire-drawers burnish their Gold with an Agat; whence the Instrument made use of on that occasion, is called Agat. 1797 XII. 142/1 The jewellers employ it [sc. a volcanic glass] as an agate, though it is too soft to resist wear. 1831 B. Silliman II. 365 Those parts that are to be brilliant are burnished with an agate or a dog's tooth. 1883 25 Aug. 142/3 A careful laying on of the gold leaf with a cotton wool dapper, then burnishing with an agate, is the old-fashioned way of doing it [sc. gilding incised lines]. 1921 G. D. Hiscox (new ed.) 738/2 The metallic leaf is then laid on and polished with an agate. 2008 N. Eastaugh et al. (new ed.) i. 52/2 Pure powdered bismuth was applied in a medium and then burnished with an agate to produce a false silver. society > communication > printing > types, blocks, or plates > relating to type > [noun] > height of type > names of type sizes 1831 10 Dec. 3/6 (advt.) To Printers and Publishers..A new and complete series of Alphabets, from Agate to English..are now in a state of forwardness. 1838 1 61 Light faced Book and Job Printing Types..Diamond, Pearl..Agate. 1871 24/2 Agate, the American name for a size of type between Nonpareil and Pearl, and of which there are about fourteen lines to an inch. 1921 C. D. Graves vi. 35 About the smallest type we will have to deal with is agate which is the standard of measurement for newspaper and magazine advertising space. 1989 J. Young 33 To understand these typesetters' measures, you should buy yourself a ruler marked with points, picas, and agates. 2002 C. Hiaasen i. 8 Death notices usually are printed in a small type known as agate, but they can be as long-winded and florid as the family desires. society > leisure > entertainment > pastimes > game > children's game > marbles > [noun] > marble > types of 1843 W. M. Thackeray II. ix. 128 Large agate marbles or ‘taws’.] 1886 G. Schermerhorn Let. 8 Dec. in (1982) 17 The good shots would have bags half as large as their heads, full of ‘migs,’ ‘China Alleys’ and ‘Real agates’. 1921 26 Nov. 6 The marbles we played with..were called ‘nicks’,..‘agates’ (black, blood and milk). 1952 J. Steinbeck xxxvi. 365 Cal was able to develop his marble game and set about gathering in all the chalkies and immies, glassies and agates. 1992 W. Mitchell ii. iii. 239 How could anybody settle for a set of jacks instead of a net bag of agates with fire in their hearts? 2007 J. S. Powell 178 We thought certain marbles had a greater value than others based on their size, variety and color combinations. We had cat's-eyes, agates (aggies), rainbows, ribbons, [etc.]. Compounds C1. 1598 W. Shakespeare ii. v. 69 Wilt thou rob this leathern Ierkin, cristall button,..agat ring, puke stocking, Caddice garter, smothe tongue, spanish pouch? 1660 M. R. 6 A great sharp Knife to cut his Meat, according to his stomach, with an Agate handle. 1731 Aug. 344/1 A Gold Headed Cane in one Hand, an Agate Box in t'other. 1838 F. M. Trollope II. lxv. 382 The enormous oriental agate dish..is another treasure to which nothing extant approaches. 1913 24 May 734/1 The actual homogenising section of the machine is a valve formed by an agate cone which is pressed into a gun-metal seating. 1947 16 Aug. 137/1 (advt.) Lowest prices on agate rings, pendants and other agate jewelry. 2008 (Nexis) 9 Aug. h1 A pebbly beach holding out the faint promise of an agate discovery. b. 1634 in (1841) 32 I give and bequeath..my nagget cup. 1776 T. Henry tr. A. Lavoisier I. ii. ix. 388 I put..mercury in a small earthen dish, and on its surface, placed two small agate cups. 1802 C. Willyams iii. 27 In this room also is kept an agate cup of great antiquity. 2005 P. Stockley 319 There was a tiny Mesopotamian figurine..and a small agate cup; so thin, like glass, it was a puzzle how it had been done. 1848 4 i. 211 The polishing-mills also are at Idal, and this place must be considered as the real centre of the agate trade. 1922 L. Wiener II. iii. ii. 235 The modern agate trade of Cambay was started by Abyssinians. 2008 C. E. Boyce-Davies I. 153/1 Bava Gor seems to have initiated the agate trade between East Africa and India. 1793 J. E. Smith III. xli. 181 I observed a piece of petrified wood, with the agate nuclei of two fresh-water snails attached to it. 1876 22 Apr. 854/2 It is frequently found of a dark agate colour, somewhat resembling the inside of broken flints. 1902 A. M. Shaw 32 Near the anchorage of the Rose a tide-washed rim of whitened rock divided the agate waters from the land. 2005 C. Culbertson 100 A mottled agate sky blew a chill winter breath and ice fell in spits. C3. Objective, instrumental, and parasynthetic. 1866 22 459 The occurrence of native copper in the cavities of amygdaloid traps has been observed..in the agate-bearing melaphyre of Oberstein. 1934 83 20 He has..drawn attention to quite important agate-bearing localities, especially at Port Mary on Foch Island. 2000 32 89 Geochemical studies of agate-bearing formations in Scotland. 1710 R. Steele No. 245. ⁋2 An Aggat-Handle Knife. 1686 No. 2182/4 He had..an embroidered Buff Call Belt, and an Agat-handled Sword. 1845 C. White I. i. 19 Having rapidly muttered a few invocations, he drew a small agate-handled knife from his girdle. 1995 21 Oct. (Weekend Suppl.) 34/4 An agate-handled dagger was adopted by the Prime Minister. 1884 5 Apr. Commercial advertising 20 cents per line Agate measure. 1887 19 29 Agate advertisements usually contain eight words to the line and nonpareil but seven. 1901 36 28 The only unvarying rule that can be applied impartially to all newspaper advertising is the agate rule. 1921 C. D. Graves xiv. 95 Agate type is very small and you would not want to use it generally in your advertisements. 1956 F. H. Collins (ed. 10) 8/2 Agate line (U.S.), measure advertising space, 1/ 14 in. deep and one column wide. 2008 Jan. 144/1 Designed for tiny agate type, Retina looks bizarre at larger sizes. C5. 1856 E. B. Browning vi. 242 Leaning on my face Her heavy agate eyes which crushed my will. 1876 ‘G. Eliot’ IV. vii. li. 16 Deepest agate eyes. 1995 J. Banville 120 A seagull..seems to peer in at us, first with one agate eye and then the other. 1863 P. S. Davis xxiii. 194 The next Sunday Tom drove up to the door with a tall, agate-eyed, thin-tailed horse. 1925 C. Day Lewis 30 Panic thereafter Came agate-eyed, gibbering, past the gate. 1995 (Nexis) 9 Dec. Gilded, proud, agate-eyed, Venice was—and remains—a place comparable only to itself. 1877 New Ser. 1 28 It is difficult to conceive how the agate-forming process could be continued after an impervious lining had once been thrown down upon the walls. 1966 50 28/1 Thus clay, potash, and agate-forming silica are added to the sedimentary minerals of the earth's crust. 2008 50 642 The unusual absence of quartzine suggests a low SiO2 concentration in the agate-forming solutions. 1821 H. E. Lloyd tr. O. von Kotzebue I. 61 Making the axis of the needle turn on friction-wheels..has been rejected, as useless,..and exchanged for very fine axes running in agate holes. 1863 J. Tyndall i. 30 The wires should be drawn through agate holes. 1942 P. Grodzinski v. 109 The upper end is conical and fits into the agate hole. 1771 J. Hill 223 (table) Agate jaspers. 1828 N. Webster Jaspachate, a name anciently given to some varieties of agate jasper. 1890 12 613 Beads, called okum, in the form of perforated cylinders of red agate jasper passing into cornelian, have reached me from the Niger. 1908 H. M. Carnegie I. p. ix Certain nearly translucent stones of a quality between Agate and Jasper, generally green, but not Chrysoprase, are termed Agate-Jaspers, with note of colour, as, for example, Sea-green, or Olive-green Agate-Jasper. 1951 M. L. Wolf 15 The related agate jasper consists of jasper-bearing agate containing veinings of chalcedony. 2002 P. Chase & J. Pawlik v. 125 Within the jasper group are such trade names as picture jasper, agate jasper, and Egyptian jasper. 1823 22 Nov. 199/2 Immense quantities of agates of different kinds..are cleaned, cut, and polished at various shops adapted to this purpose..called Agate Mills. 1875 R. Hunt & F. W. Rudler (ed. 7) I. 35 It is in the Idar valley, that most of the agate-mills are situated. 1915 30 106/1 Agate has been worked from prehistoric times. Germany has great agate mills. society > occupation and work > materials > raw material > gem or precious stone > rock crystal > [noun] > chalcedony > onyx > varieties of the world > the earth > minerals > types of mineral > silicates > tectosilicate > [noun] > quartz > cryptocrystalline quartz > chalcedony > onyx > varieties 1731 ‘T. Betterton’ 209 Several fine Heads in Agate Onyx, for Seals. 1830 Lady Morgan II. 150 Here was deposited..the cameo of the agate-onyx... This superb work..represents the emperor Augustus. 1954 N. Mitford xii. 154 Nearly all the outstanding events of their life together are recorded in these tiny engravings:..Madame de Pompadour's dog, Mimi (agate onyx). 2005 55 76 The agate-onyx cameo in the National Museum of Naples.., attributed to the engraver Sostratos or his workshop. 1598Agat ring [see Compounds 1a]. 1727 A. Hamilton II. 279 They generally wear on their right Thumb a thick Ivory or Agate Ring. 1847 July 244/2 He pointed to an agate ring on the old man's finger. 1947 16 Aug. 137/1 (advt.) Lowest prices on agate rings, pendants and other agate jewelry. 2005 15 Oct. m4 A client came to me with a 17th-century agate ring that they wanted restored, but it was too delicate to be worn as a ring again. 1831 W. Turton Index Eng. Names 10 Achatína. Agate-shell. So named from the Agate-like stripes which ornament all the foreign species. 1911 43 211 Kauai..is also celebrated for its agate shells of which there are over 200 species with 800 or 1,000 varieties. 2002 A. C. Ziegler xviii. 229 The varied shell colors of most Achatinella..has given rise to the alternative common name of little agate shells. the world > animals > invertebrates > subkingdom Metazoa > grade Triploblastica or Coelomata > class Gastropoda > [noun] > order Pulmonifera > Inoperculata > family Helicidae > member of genus Achatina 1815 S. Brookes 154 Agate Snail. Bulla achatina. 1871 W. S. W. Ruschenberger (new ed.) Gloss. 7 Achatina, name of a genus of terrestrial gasteropods, sometimes known as the agate snails. 1901 E. Step xix. 379 The Agate Snail (Cæcilianella acicula), though only about one-fifth of an inch in length, is interesting on several grounds. 1948 61 95 One of the big African agate snails, Achatina, [was] kept some six weeks in a packing box with earth and sphagnum moss. 2011 (Nexis) 9 Feb. Another starter, Agate snails, was surprisingly good. Half a dozen of the giant African land snails came in a special holed plate. society > occupation and work > materials > raw material > gem or precious stone > rock crystal > [noun] > chalcedony > agate 1594 R. Barnfield sig. Dv The Agget stone is white, yet good for nothing. 1597 W. Shakespeare i. iv. 56 In shape no bigger than an Aggat stone On the forefinger of a Burgomaster. View more context for this quotation 1857 T. Martin tr. A. G. Oehlenschläger iv. 108 Marble, agate stone, and jasper, quaintly carved and polished fine. 2009 K. Leonardo 75/1 String an agate stone on the brown cord and slip down. society > occupation and work > materials > derived or manufactured material > clay compositions > baked clay > pottery or ceramics > [noun] > pottery of specific colour 1817 W. Pitt 421 Another variety of ware, termed Agate Ware, was produced by the addition of ground zaffer. 1859 XVIII. 433/2 During the reigns of Anne and George I. an improved ware was made of sand and pipe-clay coloured with oxide of copper and manganese, forming the well-known agate-ware and tortoiseshell-ware. 1865 L. Jewitt Index 423/1 Agate-ware vases. 1896 A. B. Dyer 495 1 best steel bread-knife... 1 agate-ware teapot. 1921 S. J. MacLeod 20 Enameled ware and agateware are made by coating iron or steel with enamel or glaze. 2007 J. Connell i. 14 Coloured-clay techniques are all around us if we look for them, but perhaps the most familiar to most of us is that known as agateware. 1830 ‘R. Stuart’ I. at Agate The stones chiefly employed in agate-work are, agates of a light colour, for the enlightened parts, and darker-coloured agates for the shadows. 1969 19 Cambay is known for agate work and the artisans prepare bead stones for ear-rings, necklaces and other ornamental articles. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, September 2012; most recently modified version published online December 2021). agateadv. Origin: Formed within English, by derivation. Etymons: a- prefix3, gate n.2 Etymology: < a- prefix3 + gate n.2 Compare agateward adv.With the β. forms compare o, variant of on prep. The γ. forms show remodelling of the first element after on prep. the world > time > relative time > immediacy > [adverb] c1440 (?a1400) (1930) l. 1960 (MED) Als sone als i þe ryng fande..To the lorde of this lande I bare it one a gate. c1450 [implied in: (1905) II. 355 (MED) Thar was a man of religion þat on a tyme went o-gateward [L. iter faceret] with his moder.]. c1557 (new ed.) sig. Biv Go to it then hardely, and let vs be agate. 1577 R. Holinshed Hist. Scotl. 301/2 in I Some of the same mylnes yet, were nowe at a lowe water set on gate, by reason the streames were so hugely augmented. 1611 R. Cotgrave at Bonde The yate-stang, or beame thats pulled vp, when a mill is to be set agate. 1648 in A. Macdonald & J. Dennistoun (1833) I. 429 Holding a candle to Walter Pinkertoun..till he set ane milne agaite. 1730 P. Walkden 8 Apr. (1866) (modernized text) 108 This morning Thomas Harrison had my horse a gate with a load of oats to the Lum. 1792 W. Borrow in M. F. G.-B. Giner & M. Montgomery (2003) 113 Gentlemen we have ten of them agate today but two of them Spins very litle. 1847 C. Brontë III. ii. 72 I'm fear'd you have some ill plans agate. 1863 E. C. Gaskell I. 63 And t' cursed old pressgang's agate again. 1870 E. Tabor II. iv. 55 I lay he thinks it'll keep me agate studying over it. 1916 40 232 The rest of the little company waited; there was sure to be ‘a bit o' fun’ when Aughton, the wag of the troop, ‘got agate’. 1929 H. Harman 138 We got fower beds agate in our 'ouse. a1987 M. Baskerville in (1989) 17 20 We could ear em agate wi ther hammers on to nails. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, September 2012; most recently modified version published online December 2021). <  n.?1483 adv.c1440 |
