Bertolt (ˈbɛrtɔlt). 1898–1956, German dramatist, theatrical producer, and poet, who developed a new style of "epic"theatre and a new theory of theatrical alienation, notable also for his wit and compassion. His early works include The Threepenny Opera (1928) and Rise and Fall of the City of Mahagonny (1930) (both with music by Kurt Weill). His later plays are concerned with moral and political dilemmas and include Mother Courage and her Children (1941), The Good Woman of Setzuan (1943), and The Caucasian Chalk Circle (1955)