John. 1819–1900, English art critic and social reformer. He was a champion of the Gothic Revival and the Pre-Raphaelites and saw a close connection between art and morality. From about 1860 he argued vigorously for social and economic planning. His works include Modern Painters (1843–60), The Stones of Venice (1851–53), Unto this Last (1862), Time and Tide (1867), and Fors Clavigera (1871–84)