spendingspend‧ing /ˈspendɪŋ/ ●●○ noun [uncountable] 
a plan to increase military spendingCOLLOCATIONSADJECTIVES/NOUN + spendingpublic/government/state spending· The government is determined to keep public spending under control.· They called for increased government spending on education.federal spending· He said his goal could be reached by slashing federal spending.consumer spending (=spending by members of the public)· There are some signs that consumer spending is beginning to pick up.defence/welfare/education etc spending (=spending on defence etc)· Further cuts in defence spending are being considered.campaign spending· Should there be stricter limits on campaign spending?verbsincrease/raise spending· He has increased public spending and raised taxes.cut/reduce spending· The alternative is to cut spending.THESAURUSspending the amount of money that is spent, especially by a government or other organization: · Company spending on staff benefits has been cut dramatically in recent years.· There has been a huge increase in government spending.· military spendingexpenditure formal the amount of money that a government, organization, or person spends during a particular period of time – used especially in official documents or reports: · British defence expenditure was consistently high during this period.· military expenditure· Expenditure on advertising has gone down.costs the money that a person or organization has to spend on heating, rent, wages etc: · What are your annual fuel costs?· Falling sales have forced companies to cut costs.expenses the money that you spend on things that you need, for example on food, rent, and travel: · Living expenses are much higher in New York.· I kept a record of all my travel expenses so that I could claim them back.outgoings the money that someone has to spend regularly on rent, bills, food etc for their home or business: · The outgoings on a house this size are very high.outlay the amount of money that someone must spend when they first start a new business or activity: · The initial outlay on machinery was quite high.overheads British English, overhead American English the money that a business spends regularly on rent, insurance, and other things that are needed to keep the business operating: · In London, small businesses often have high overheads.
EXAMPLES FROM THE CORPUS
- But whatever the explanation, there can be little doubt that local spending became a target for central control.
- By 1979, local-government current spending and manpower was at its highest level.
- Government must decide at the same time how much to spend and how to pay for spending.
- Home shopping as a whole accounts for only 3% of retail spending.
- Such critics want bolder measures to cut taxation and state spending.
- The committee called for greater emphasis on language at all educational levels, with increased spending on staffing, accommodation and other resources.
- The largest allocation went on defence, at 21.3 percent of recurrent spending.
THESAURUS
the amount of money that is spent, especially by a government or other organization: · Company spending on staff benefits has been cut dramatically in recent years.· There has been a huge increase in government spending.· military spending
formal the amount of money that a government, organization, or person spends during a particular period of time – used especially in official documents or reports: · British defence expenditure was consistently high during this period.· military expenditure· Expenditure on advertising has gone down.
the money that a person or organization has to spend on heating, rent, wages etc: · What are your annual fuel costs?· Falling sales have forced companies to cut costs.
the money that you spend on things that you need, for example on food, rent, and travel: · Living expenses are much higher in New York.· I kept a record of all my travel expenses so that I could claim them back.
the money that someone has to spend regularly on rent, bills, food etc for their home or business: · The outgoings on a house this size are very high.
the amount of money that someone must spend when they first start a new business or activity: · The initial outlay on machinery was quite high.
British English, overhead American English the money that a business spends regularly on rent, insurance, and other things that are needed to keep the business operating: · In London, small businesses often have high overheads.
Longman Language Activatorthe amount that you spend the amount of money that is spent, especially by a government or other organization: · The government intends to cut its expenditure by 10% next year.public spending/expenditure (=by a government): · The answer to inadequate health care is to increase public spending, not reduce it.spending/expenditure on: · Company spending on staff benefits has been cut dramatically in recent years.
the money that a person or organization has to spend regularly on heating, rent, electricity etc: · What are your annual fuel costs?cut costs (=reduce costs): · Falling sales have forced companies to cut costs.running costs (=the cost of owning and using something): · I'm looking for a car with low running costs.
the amount of money that someone must spend when they first start a new business or activity: · The best business is one with a small outlay and with no risk involved.outlay on: · When we built the factory the outlay on machinery was heavy but we were able to buy all the latest equipment.initial outlay (=outlay in the beginning): · T- shirts are easy to produce, requiring little initial outlay and a minimum of time and effort.
the amount of money that someone has to spend regularly on rent, bills, food etc for their home or business: · The outgoings on a house this size are very high.· I wrote a check for $200 to cover various outgoings.
British /overhead American the amount of money that a company or a business person has to spend on rent, their workers' pay, office furniture etc: · The cost of the movie was high because of the large production overhead.· The company's overheads were much lower this year owing to the closure of several offices nationwide.· Restaurant prices have been put up to cover the ever-increasing overheads.
the money that you spend on things that you need, for example on food, rent, and travel: · John and Rachel have a new baby, so they have a lot of expenses right now.travel/living/medical etc expenses: · Living expenses are much higher in London.· The company doesn't pay my travel expenses.
the amount of money that you have planned to spend or that is available to spend on a particular thing: · You can choose any type of wood for your furniture, according to your budget.· Government cuts in the defence budget have meant a loss of 2000 jobs.
COLLOCATIONS FROM THE ENTRYADJECTIVES/NOUN + spending Compulsive overspending in these days of credit cards has become more common. the Government’s public spending plans
the amount of money spent, especially by a government or organization SYN expendituregovernment/public/defence etc spending· The government is determined to keep public spending under control.· They called for increased government spending on education.
· He said his goal could be reached by slashing federal spending.
(=spending by members of the public)· There are some signs that consumer spending is beginning to pick up.
(=spending on defence etc)· Further cuts in defence spending are being considered.
· Should there be stricter limits on campaign spending?
verbs· He has increased public spending and raised taxes.
· The alternative is to cut spending.
COLLOCATIONS FROM OTHER ENTRIES (=a sudden increase in the amount people spend)· Various factors caused the consumer boom.
Compulsive overspending in these days of credit cards has become more common. (also consumer expenditure formal)· Higher taxes will reduce consumer spending.
· In the 1990s, governments worldwide cut military spending.
· His proposals could involve spending cuts of up to £12 billion.
· There were plans to cut defence spending by one billion pounds.
· Government spending on health care totals about $60 billion a year.
(=the kinds of things you buy regularly)· The recession will mean that many people will be changing their spending habits.
· There are strict spending limits imposed by law on all candidates.
(=an amount of money that you can spend on anything you want)· We had £500 spending money saved for our holiday.
British English (=a small amount of money that parents regularly give their children)· How much pocket money do you get?
· The bank’s computer can detect unusual spending patterns.
British English:· I asked him to clarify Labour’s spending pledges.
· The government’s spending programme is the subject of vigorous debate.
the Government’s public spending plans· Extra money was promised in last summer’s spending review.
COLLOCATIONS FROM THE CORPUSADJECTIVE· The committee suggests that its recommendations could be accomplished without additional spending - a novelty in science's advice to government.· Attention is given to minor adjustments in the spending pattern or the justification of additional spending.· The only exception was in war periods when it became customary to meet part of the additional spending through borrowing.· Rising wages were important for markets primarily because workers' additional spending accounted for the bulk of the growth in consumption expenditure.· However, the original stock of bankers' balances has financed an additional round of spending.
· However, as we have seen, central government has always had power to control capital spending and still does.· Mr Evans said that capital spending had been cut back from original plans to offset the squeeze on profitability.· Profits have fallen for three consecutive quarters and capital spending has fallen in response.· The Manual was essentially concerned with prescribing the classification of revenue spending and capital spending, implicitly on the cash basis.· Labour's record on capital spending was lamentable.· Mr. Hinchliffe How much of that capital spending was funded from the closure and sale of established hospitals during those periods?
· By 1979, local-government current spending and manpower was at its highest level.· It is over current spending that the debate centres.· They cut capital expenditure before reducing current spending on staff. 4.· National Insurance is both a tax to finance current social-security spending and an entitlement to future benefit.· Over time the original emphasis of the programme has broadened from increasing liberalization and competition to raising money for current spending.
· It is this extra spending which, given full employment and consequent constant number of transactions, pushes up the price level.· Thus many electors can vote for extra spending knowing the cost will fall elsewhere.· After full employment is reached, extra spending will only serve to add to the rate of inflation.· How do the Opposition think they are going to finance £35 billion of extra spending without raising taxes on ordinary people?· In order to seek to maintain profits, government must create extra demand, spending goes up and taxes follow.
· It is striking that federal spending on research and development into energy was halved in the 1980s.· The geography of Federal spending is the result of two distinct decision-making processes.· Drastic changes of policy would have been very difficult, as attempts to cut Federal spending and to balance the budget revealed.
· He wants to see even greater spending on publicity, help and advice.· Advocates of greater welfare spending invoke the social state obligation imposed by the Constitution.· The existing stock of money, being less in demand, will be able to support a greater flow of spending.
· Practically all the higher share of spending is accounted for by increases in the relative cost of providing them.· The country will draw its own conclusion that under a Labour Administration there are great inefficiencies, high spending and high taxation.· Tracing his political lineage to the New Deal and Great Society, he stood for higher spending on domestic programmes.· Some of the present government's high technology spending is being inflated by including money already earmarked by the previous government.· The highest spending is amongst families with more members in paid employment, and lowest amongst pensioner families.· This did not reflect higher state spending.· The aim is to build Labour's credibility by creating an economy which will sustain higher spending on its social programme.· This spiralling is further fuelled by the rising expectations among the working class for higher levels of spending.
· The committee called for greater emphasis on language at all educational levels, with increased spending on staffing, accommodation and other resources.· Loan demand was noticeably weak, with companies benefiting from increased Government spending and increased use of the capital market.· Ironically, the legislation introduced to reform campaign funding helped to facilitate increased spending in politics.· Its report said a good national appraisal system needed the equivalent of another 1,800 teachers and increased spending of £35m a year.· Yet increased defence spending could only injure Britain's economic recovery.· So increased state spending did increase demand.
· But whatever the explanation, there can be little doubt that local spending became a target for central control.· Labour must also undertake to curb spiralling local government spending.· He analysed local government spending and labour-force figures in the post-war period leading up to the late 1970s.· I repeat that we will maintain firm vigilance over local authority spending.· The 1983 government considered that the penalties incurred under the block-grant system had not done enough to curb local spending.· As a result, a small increase in local spending will translate into a big rise in council tax.· We describe in detail in the next chapter the consequent growing controls on local spending.· Although this included controlling overall levels of local government spending, the role of local government was not in question.
· The sum delimited for military spending, 108,000 million roubles, equalled that set aside for social security.· The time has come for Britain to cut its military spending and begin to use its limited resources for our real needs.· Blackwell and Deane received a basic salary plus poundage according to the level of military spending.· Total military spending in 1989 amounted to US$950,000 million - a drop of 2 percent from the previous year.· While military spending was constrained by the renunciation of belligerency, this does not mean that defence expenditure is insignificant.· The world could pay for all this by redirecting 10 days military spending, but this is an unlikely prospect.· There has been a comparable fall in support for increasing military defence spending and compulsory military service.· I have shown that with the help of the United Nations, military spending should not be necessary.
· It was hoped that this would reduce independent expenditure and thus overall spending.· The council's overall spending can rise by 5.4 percent. in April before Northumberland risks charge capping.
· Because that will take time, there can be no quick fix for public spending.· Since costs tend to rise inexorably, attempts to stabilize public spending have essentially meant cuts in actual services.· The profits from capitalism are redistributed to millions of people, not through taxing and public spending but through collective investment trusts.· As the social services account for a substantial part of public spending, cuts affected a wide range of services.· But if this was to be achieved then public spending - as a proportion of national wealth - had to come down.· Whitehall appeared earlier to pave the way for the change by softening its line on public spending.· Other economic interests wish to restrain public spending.
· Hence an increase of 7 percent would have been required to maintain the real level of spending.
· How much social spending should there be to soften the transition?· This represents 18% of total social security spending.· A final trend has been the attempt to contain the growth in welfare and social security spending.· In comparative terms, Britain does not have particularly high levels of social spending.
· The important point to grasp is that this magnitude will be nowhere near so large as the level of total spending.· He measures each country's aggregate demand at any time by its total nominal spending.· In 1991 total spending in real terms was about 18 percent higher than in 1979.· Cash income, which is total receipts minus total trading spending, is a better indication, said Sir Hector.· Some expenditure would have occurred irrespective of designation, but almost three-quarters of total spending occurred as a result of enterprise-zone declarations.· The last row of Table 16-1 shows the turnaround in total spending since 1984.· Local authority spending perse is not included but grants to local authorities and their total capital spending are.· This brought the total number of projects to 470 and total spending to ECU8,200 million.
NOUN· I repeat that we will maintain firm vigilance over local authority spending.· Central government is pruning local authority spending, and the cuts are being felt.
· Analysts said that as long as credit business remained negative it was unlikely consumer spending would revive significantly.· However, retail sales account for only 40 percent of consumer spending.· This year we expect consumers to spend some £80 billion on leisure - almost one quarter of consumer spending.· For retailers it was the worst year on record and consumer spending is at its lowest since World War Two.· Cuts in salaries, bonuses and overtime payments have reduced many family-incomes and caused a sharp drop in consumer spending.· Worries over consumer spending if interest rates rise sent Kingfisher down 21p to 459p and Dixons 27p to 190p.· The uncertain outlook for consumer spending has encouraged City analysts to trim their profit forecasts from around £11m to nearer £10m.· The trade gap looks appalling and it may take some time before we see a significant drop in consumer spending.
· In a climate of radical spending cuts, the latter seems highly unlikely.
· This included 7,777,400 million won for defence spending, an increase of 12.9 percent over the previous year.· United States defence spending has been a key driving force behind much of the electronics, telecommunications and computer industries.· The obvious candidate is defence spending.· The government on June 13 revealed the exact levels of defence spending, which had hitherto been secret.· The government was committed to further major reductions in defence spending.· Look again at Fig. 8.1 on defence spending.· Fuelled by defence spending, this is the electronics boom area.· Righting the economy demanded major cuts in Defence spending and the release of skilled manpower from the Services to export-orientated industries.
· Large cuts in state spending and big increases in charges for fuels and utilities resulted.· Such critics want bolder measures to cut taxation and state spending.· And don't forget that plan of Portillo's to slash state spending.· He has cut tariffs, promoted privatisation, scrapped subsidies and reduced state spending.· This did not reflect higher state spending.· In any case, this was not, by and large, the way state spending was financed in the boom.· The overwhelming bulk of state spending, then, was financed by taxation.· So increases in state spending were largely offset by corresponding reductions by taxpayers.
· Advocates of greater welfare spending invoke the social state obligation imposed by the Constitution.· This included a 40 percent increase in welfare spending, including housing and the provision of domestic water supplies.· Health, education, transport and other welfare spending goes by the board.· Finally welfare spending, particularly on education and health, improved the quality and productivity of labour.
VERB· Since local authorities account for a quarter of all public expenditure, central government must control their spending.· As a counterpoint, Sun has been controlling headcount and spending, shaving 2% to 2.5% off G&A;· The man in charge of controlling public spending is the Chief Secretary to the Treasury.· However, as we have seen, central government has always had power to control capital spending and still does.· Traditional monetarist theory is also dismissive of the need to control local spending.· Thus arguments for controlling local authorities' spending would appear to weigh even less powerfully within monetarist theory than in Keynesian arguments.· Primary care was an obvious source of concern to a government anxious to control government spending.
· We need only hold enough to finance our spending between receipts of income, or pay-days'.· National Insurance is both a tax to finance current social-security spending and an entitlement to future benefit.· About the middle of March came the Budget with proposals to raise the taxes needed to finance this spending.
· It now has planning permission for 7,000 plots and aims to increase annual spending on land to as much as £75 million.· If credit rationing has been in force, then a relaxation of controls will increase borrowing and spending.· This leads people to increase their spending directly on goods and services so that the general price level is pulled upwards.· Since 1979 we have increased capital spending on average by 4.3 percent. per year.· There has been a comparable fall in support for increasing military defence spending and compulsory military service.· The proposals would increase agricultural spending by 10 percent in real terms by 1997 when compared with expected 1992 expenditure.· If authorities are failing to increase their spending on discretionary awards commensurately, that is their decision.· So increases in state spending were largely offset by corresponding reductions by taxpayers.
· By contrast, the Conservatives have been able to raise public spending by nearly a quarter in real terms.
· The protest was held in opposition to government plans to dismiss 25,000 state employees in order to reduce fiscal spending by 42 percent.· One reason for trying to reduce government spending is to make room for tax cuts.· They cut capital expenditure before reducing current spending on staff. 4.· Following a large budget deficit in 1990 the Minister of Finance and Commerce announced plans to reduce public spending.· Rather than reduce its spending it maintains it, but postpones cash payments.· Central government now sought to reduce local spending as part of its general public expenditure strategy.· Various governments have come to office in the postwar years, some committed to reducing public spending, others to raising it.
a plan to increase military spendingCOLLOCATIONSADJECTIVES/NOUN + spendingpublic/government/state spending· The government is determined to keep public spending under control.· They called for increased government spending on education.federal spending· He said his goal could be reached by slashing federal spending.consumer spending (=spending by members of the public)· There are some signs that consumer spending is beginning to pick up.defence/welfare/education etc spending (=spending on defence etc)· Further cuts in defence spending are being considered.campaign spending· Should there be stricter limits on campaign spending?verbsincrease/raise spending· He has increased public spending and raised taxes.cut/reduce spending· The alternative is to cut spending.THESAURUSspending the amount of money that is spent, especially by a government or other organization: · Company spending on staff benefits has been cut dramatically in recent years.· There has been a huge increase in government spending.· military spendingexpenditure formal the amount of money that a government, organization, or person spends during a particular period of time – used especially in official documents or reports: · British defence expenditure was consistently high during this period.· military expenditure· Expenditure on advertising has gone down.costs the money that a person or organization has to spend on heating, rent, wages etc: · What are your annual fuel costs?· Falling sales have forced companies to cut costs.expenses the money that you spend on things that you need, for example on food, rent, and travel: · Living expenses are much higher in New York.· I kept a record of all my travel expenses so that I could claim them back.outgoings the money that someone has to spend regularly on rent, bills, food etc for their home or business: · The outgoings on a house this size are very high.outlay the amount of money that someone must spend when they first start a new business or activity: · The initial outlay on machinery was quite high.overheads British English, overhead American English the money that a business spends regularly on rent, insurance, and other things that are needed to keep the business operating: · In London, small businesses often have high overheads.