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单词 state
释义
state1 nounstate2 verb
statestate1 /steɪt/ ●●● S1 W2 noun Entry menu
MENU FOR statestate1 condition2 government3 country4 part of a country5 the States6 be in a state/get into a state7 official ceremony8 state of affairs9 the state of play10 lie in state
Word Origin
WORD ORIGINstate1
Origin:
1100-1200 Old French estat, from Latin status, from the past participle of stare ‘to stand’
Examples
EXAMPLES FROM OTHER DICTIONARIES
  • For more than 70 years, the former Soviet Union was a one-party state.
  • Given the general state of his health, it may take him a while to recover from the operation.
  • In 1830, Greece became an independent state.
  • It is the duty of the state to pass laws for the common good.
  • Most of the country's existing schools are in a sorry state of disrepair.
  • One of the things people complain of most is the state of the sidewalks.
  • The state of Israel was created in 1948.
  • the member states of the European Union
  • When I got back home, I was horrified to see what a terrible state the kitchen was in.
  • When the gas cools, it condenses back to its liquid state.
EXAMPLES FROM THE CORPUS
  • After 1951 Winston Churchill and his Conservative successors protected the welfare state, maintained full employment, and conciliated the trade unions.
  • Every activity of the individual citizen is subject to scrutiny by the state, in the name of the public interest.
  • It also emphasises the need for continuing professional development of science teachers and the poor state of labs and equipment.
  • Many local officials are still unaware that the state has granted them the powers to set boating laws for their local waters.
  • The possibility of equity financing depends on the state of the equity market.
  • The Sassanians expanded eastwards to incorporate into their state the northern part of the disintegrating Kushan empire.
  • To many who have followed Fokker over the years, its most recent cash-strapped state was nothing new.
Thesaurus
THESAURUSthe condition of something
how something looks and whether it is damaged, working etc or not: · The price of used cars varies according to their condition.· How well your plants will grow depends on the quality and condition of the soil.· The house is in very good condition.
the condition of something at a particular time – use this especially when something is in bad condition because it has not been well looked after: · One of the things people complain of most is the state of the sidewalks.· When I got back home, I was horrified to see what a terrible state the kitchen was in.
an area of land controlled by its own government, president, king etc: · Thailand is a beautiful country.· Which country would you most like to visit?
a country, considered especially in relation to its people and its political and economic structure: · The events shocked the whole nation.· The US is the most powerful nation in the world.· Leaders of the world’s major industrialized nations attended the meeting.
a country considered as a political organization with its own government: · They believe that Scotland should be an independent sovereign state.· Most European states joined the Council of Europe.
a country that is very strong and important: · a meeting of the great powers· Britain is still a world power.
one of the most powerful countries in the world: · During the Cuban Missile Crisis there was a real danger of conflict between the two world superpowers.
literary a country – used in stories: · He told them about his journeys to foreign lands.· a traveller from a far-off land
Longman Language Activatorto change all the time or often
especially spoken · His ideas about what he wants keep changing.· I'll check the regulations for you - they keep changing.· The police strongly suspected that she had been involved - her story kept changing and was filled with inconsistencies.
to change often if something varies , it changes according to what the situation is: · Ticket prices to New York vary, depending on the time of year.vary from....to: · Driving regulations vary from state to state.vary considerably/enormously/greatly (=change a lot): · Her income varies considerably from one month to the next.vary in price/quality/size etc: · Vegetables vary in quality according to the season.it varies: · "How much milk do you use a day?" "Oh, it varies."vary from day to day/week to week etc: · It hadn't been established where we'd all sleep - the location seemed to vary from night to night.
if something such as a price or amount fluctuates , it changes very often from a high level to a low one and back again: · The car industry's annual production fluctuates between 5.1 million and 9.2 million vehicles.· Cholesterol levels in the blood fluctuate in the course of a day.fluctuate wildly: · Share prices on the New York Stock Exchange often fluctuate wildly.
if something such as a system or a set of ideas is in flux or in a state of flux , it is changing a lot all the time, especially in a confusing way, so that you do not know what it will finally be like: · The computer industry is in constant flux, responding all the time to changes in technology.· Our education programme is in a state of flux, as new approaches are being developed.
the condition of something
whether something is broken or not broken, damaged or not damaged, dirty or clean etc: · The price of used cars varies according to their condition.· How well your plants will grow depends on the quality and condition of the soil.be in (a) good/bad/reasonable etc condition: · The basic structure of the house is in very good condition.· Our science laboratories were in such a terrible condition we've had to close them.· I'm not buying anything until I see what kind of condition it's in.
the condition of something - use this especially when something is in bad condition because it has not been well looked after: the state of something: · One of the things people complain of most is the state of the sidewalks.· Given the general state of his health, it may take him a while to recover from the operation.in a good/bad/reasonable etc state: · When I got back home, I was horrified to see what a terrible state the kitchen was in.in a sorry state (=in very bad condition): · Most of the country's existing schools are in a sorry state of disrepair.
a country
a separate independent area of land whose people have their own government, president, king etc: · Brazil is one of the biggest countries in the world.· The northeast of the country will experience heavy rainfall and high winds.· Most people in this country are worried about the economy.all over/all around the country: · Riots and demonstrations broke out all over the country after the assassination of Martin Luther King.
a country considered especially in relation to its people and its social and economic conditions and structures: · Japan has become one of the richest nations in the world.· Representatives from the world's leading industrial nations will meet in Geneva.nation of: · We are a nation of both great wealth and terrible poverty.
a country considered especially as a political unit that has a particular type of political organization: · In 1830, Greece became an independent state.· The state of Israel was created in 1948.a democratic/one-party etc state (=with that type of government): · For more than 70 years, the former Soviet Union was a one-party state.member state (=a country belonging to an international organization): · the member states of the European Union
a strong country that is able to influence other countries politically or economically: · The western powers hardly knew how to react to this threat.· France was the only European power not to sign the treaty.world power (=having influence all over the world): · Germany's strong industrial base has helped maintain its status as a major world power.
a nation that has very great military and political power: · The book traces the emergence of China as a superpower in the 21st century.
country - use this especially in stories and in formal speeches: · His travels in foreign lands provided him with the inspiration for many of his poems and songs.· Our story takes place in a far-off land, long, long ago.
the people who govern a country
the people who govern a country, state, or local area, and who make all the important decisions about taxes, laws, relationships with other countries etc: · The government has promised to cut taxes.· Unemployment is a problem that many Western governments continue to face.government of: · the city government of Los Angeles· The newspaper, La Prensa, was shut down for nearly two years because of its criticism of government policies.the French/Japanese/Russian etc government: · The French government strongly condemned the killings.local/central/federal etc government (=the government of a town or city, or a country): · The local government has been unable to meet the demand for affordable housing.· It has been difficult for the central government to conduct elections in remote areas.
the government of a country - use this especially to talk about the national government of the United States: the administration: · The new administration has been strongly criticized for its handling of the affair.· The administration also proposed $600 million in tax breaks for small businesses.the Kennedy/Clinton etc administration (=the government when this person is president): · The Eisenhower administration refused to take military action in Vietnam.
the people or organizations that have the power to decide what people are allowed to do in a country or area: · The country is facing famine, and the authorities are doing little to prevent it.the South African/Mexican/Swiss etc authorities: · The South African authorities arrested Mandela in August 1962.local/federal authorities (=the authorities in a community, town or city, or in a whole country): · On January 12, the local authorities decided that the strike had gone on long enough.· Federal authorities said that no one has claimed responsibility for the bombing as of yet.
the government, the police, the courts etc, considered as a single group that has the power to control what people do: · At that time, the state controlled nearly every aspect of people's lives.· The programs are funded by the state.state-run (=owned and controlled by the state): · CBC, the state-run broadcasting company
informal the people in government responsible for making decisions - use this especially if you think that they have too much power or that they use their power badly: · The powers that be do not seem interested in solving the city's transportation problems.
the group of people who are in charge of the government of a country - use this especially about a government you disapprove of because it was not elected to power: · The military regime refused to recognize the elections.· The US supported several right-wing regimes in central America.
modern machines/buildings/methods
using new methods, designs, or equipment: · Seattle has a very modern public transportation system.· The company occupies a bright, modern office building in the heart of the city.· Many criticisms have been made of modern farming methods.· the horrors of modern warfare
the latest machines, computers, and methods are the newest and best ones that are available: · The car is equipped with all the latest gadgets.· The latest model can print 15 pages every minute.the latest in something (=the newest type of something): · You'll have a chance to try out the latest in kitchen equipment.the very latest: · The operation will be performed using the very latest microsurgery techniques.
up-to-date equipment, machines, or methods are very modern, and much better than the ones that many other people or organizations are still using: · The hospital has the most up-to-date equipment in Europe.· up-to-date training methods
something that is futuristic seems typical of things that will exist in the future, and often seems very exciting and unusual: · The futuristic sports stadium is the pride of the city.· The car, with its sleek futuristic styling, certainly looks impressive.
use this about machines, buildings etc that use the most modern designs, methods, technology etc: · The company recently moved to their new state-of-the-art building in central London.· Using state-of-the-art technology, scientists are able to pinpoint the exact age of archaeological finds.· Her latest indulgence is a luxury state-of-the-art yacht that she keeps at St Tropez.
surprised and upset because something bad has happened
· I was shocked when I saw the size of the telephone bill.· Everyone seemed really shocked when I told them I'd started smoking.shocked (that) · I'm shocked that you've let things get this far.shocked at · I was shocked at the change in his appearance.· Gabby was shocked by how unpleasant they were to their mother.be shocked to hear/learn/find something etc · We were shocked to hear about Brian's heart attack - he's so young.· When I returned, I was shocked to discover that Rod had lost his job.deeply shocked (=very shocked) · We were deeply shocked to hear of the baby's death.
extremely shocked by something very unpleasant or frightening that has happened: · Horrified passengers saw the man fall under the train.· There was a horrified look on his face.horrified by: · The Prime Minister issued a statement saying he was "shocked and horrified" by the massacre.
very shocked by something that is very bad or unpleasant: appalled by: · I knew everyone in the room was appalled by my behaviour, but I didn't care.· Appalled at the state of the kitchen, she set about scrubbing away the layers of grime and grease.appalled that: · We're absolutely appalled that the newspapers can freely make allegations about this company.appalled to hear/see/find out etc: · I was appalled to learn that a serial killer was running a drugs operation in a high-security prison.
so shocked and upset by something terrible that has happened that you cannot continue with your life: · Without warning, my husband moved out, leaving me so shattered I couldn't continue.devastated/shattered by: · I went back to my motel, devastated by the news of her death.
also traumatised British if someone is traumatized by a bad event or experience, it badly affects the way they behave or react to things for a long time afterwards: · The attack on her in August 1990 had left her traumatized and unable to leave the house.· a frightened, traumatized childtraumatized by: · Some students were traumatized by the anatomy classes, while others were unaffected.
to feel very shocked by something, so that you cannot do things properly or talk about things clearly for a long time afterwards: · Two days after the earthquake, many people were still in a state of shock.· He arrived at my house in a state of shock, unable to tell me clearly what had happened.
shocked and feeling weak and nervous, because something very unpleasant or frightening has happened: · He was pulled from the wreckage of the car, alive but very shaken.· The fire in the hotel was not very serious but everyone was shaken up by it.shaken/shaken up by: · She was visibly shaken by the severity of her sentence, and left the court in tears.badly shaken: · She was badly shaken by the attack and found it difficult to describe her ordeal to the police.
written very shocked by something that you have just been told or have found out about: · "Ten thousand pounds!'' she said, aghast.· Some of the Republican policies have left feminists dismayed and aghast.aghast at: · Mr Sullivan seemed aghast at the prospect of losing his only daughter to this arrogant young man.
what is happening in a particular place or at a particular time
the combination of all the things that are happening in a particular place and at a particular time, especially when this is causing problems: · I tried to explain the situation to my boss.· With no rain for six months, the situation in the region was becoming desperate.· The economic situation in the US is getting better.· The news of more stock market losses could make the difficult economic situation worse.in a situation: · If you are ever in a situation where someone starts shooting, drop to the ground.· In the present situation, I don't think it would be a good idea to try to sell your house.
the situation at a particular time, which influences what people do, what they decide, and what can happen: the circumstances: · TV cameras are sometimes allowed in the courts, but it depends on the circumstances.in the circumstances (=because of the circumstances): · We don't normally allow people in after 8 pm, but in the circumstances we'll make an exception.in some/certain/normal etc circumstances: · An applicant's age may be taken into consideration in some circumstances.under some/the/certain etc circumstances: · Under normal circumstances I would never have left the children with a stranger.
especially spoken, informal the general situation that exists, especially the way it affects people's lives: · Don't worry! Things can't get any worse.· Things haven't changed much since I wrote to you last.· Now that we have kids, things are really different.
a particular situation - use this especially when you are comparing one situation with others to show how they are similar or different: · In cases like this, the company has to be sold off to someone who can cope with the debt. in cases of: · The law limits work in underground mines to eight hours per day, except in cases of emergency.in this/that case: · "It's supposed to rain tomorrow." "Well, in that case, we won't go."in some/a few/many cases: · In some cases, mail carriers could not get to mailboxes surrounded by plowed snow.
use this especially to ask or say what is happening in a situation: · Nobody could tell her what was going on.· I've been waiting here for nearly two hours! Does anyone know what's going on?· What's going on? Why won't you talk to me?
all the things that affect the way people live or work, such as a country's economic situation, whether people have enough food, the places they live in etc: · Conditions in the city are getting rapidly worse.· How can people live in such dreadful conditions?· Employees are demanding better working conditions and higher wages.· a study into the social conditions of the nineteenth century
an unsatisfactory, disappointing, or unusual situation that causes a lot of problems: · Crisis has always been the normal state of affairs in our country's politics. sorry/sad state of affairs (=bad state of affairs): · It's a sad state of affairs when a leader can't take the time to address the true problems facing his country.
British what is happening now in a situation that is still developing and is likely to change - use this especially in business and political contexts: · Every four weeks we get a briefing from the managers, giving us the state of play.· The current state of play in Anglo-French relations is best characterized as "cautious cooperation".
a situation that could possibly happen but has not happened yet - use this especially when you are discussing what might happen: · Under the most hopeful scenario, it will take 20 years to clean up the mess.worst-case/nightmare scenario (=the worst possible situation): · In a worst-case scenario all life on the planet would be wiped out by a nuclear war.· This is every politician's nightmare scenario.
all the things that influence the way you live, work, and develop, such as the physical conditions you live in and the people around you: · Do girls learn better in an all-female environment?· I didn't feel that the neighborhood was a very safe environment for kids.working/home environment: · We have tried to create a working environment in which everyone can develop their skills.
the economic, social, and political situation that exists at a particular time - use this especially when you are discussing what can be done or what people believe at that time: · In today's political climate the return of communism seems impossible.· Hopefully, when the financial climate gets better we'll be able to take on more workers.climate of hostility/distrust etc: · The revelations of corruption have led to a climate of distrust in the capital.climate of opinion (=what people generally think): · The climate of opinion on the sensitive topic of euthanasia is changing gradually.
the way something such as a family, company, or country is arranged, especially a way that you do not understand or do not approve of: · They're divorced, but they're still living in the same house - it seems like a strange set-up to me.· It's an impressive set-up. The foundation brings in half a million dollars a day.
feeling upset
unhappy because something very unpleasant or disappointing has happened, so that you feel shocked or you want to cry: · Miss Hurley is too upset to speak to anyone at the moment.· The children were very upset when we told them that we wouldn't be going to Disneyland.upset about: · She's still upset about her uncle's death.upset (that): · The organizers were upset that so few people visited the exhibition.
upset and shocked because someone has been unkind to you, especially someone that you trusted and thought was a friend: · Bill felt very hurt when he realized she had lied to him.hurt (that): · Gretta was really hurt that none of her friends came to visit her in the hospital.deeply hurt (=extremely hurt): · Jackson was said to be 'deeply hurt' by the newspaper reports about him.
extremely upset and shocked about something very unpleasant that has happened, so that you cry or become confused: · Herman becomes distressed when anyone asks him about the accident.· The airport was full of distressed relatives waiting for news of the crash.distressed by/about/at: · Everyone in the office was distressed by Maggie's unexpected death.· Nelson's supporters were distressed about his use of racial slurs.distressed that: · I was crying all the time, and my mother was distressed that she could do nothing to comfort me.distressed to hear/learn/see/find etc: · We were all distressed to hear that Stuart had been attacked the night before.deeply distressed (=extremely distressed): · She was deeply distressed to see the animal in so much pain.
extremely upset, usually because you are very worried about something, so that you cry a lot or seem confused: · He could see that I was distraught, but he still kept asking me questions.· The distraught parents of the missing baby have made a public appeal for her return.distraught at/over/about: · We were all distraught about the accident, but Mama was the most upset.· Benson was so distraught over the breakup of his marriage that he committed suicide.distraught that: · Casey was totally distraught that they were throwing him out of school.
British informal to be so upset that you cannot stop crying or control your emotions: · Stephan called me in a state, saying he was thinking of killing himself.· The children were in such a state that the police couldn't question them.be in an awful/terrible/shocking etc state: · He's been in a terrible state since Julie left him.
WORD SETS
absolutism, nounadministration, nounagency, nounagent, nounagent provocateur, nounalderman, nounally, nounassembly, nounautarchy, nounautocracy, nounautocrat, nounautonomous, adjectiveautonomy, nounban, nounbaron, nounbig government, nounbilateral, adjectivebody politic, nounbudget, nounbureau, nounbureaucracy, nouncabinet, nouncaliphate, nouncanton, nouncanvass, verbcapital, nouncapitalist, nounCapitol Hill, nounCBE, nouncede, verbcentral, adjectivecentral government, nouncentralism, nouncentralize, verbchancellery, nounchancery, nouncharter, nouncharter, verbchief, nounCIA, the, city hall, nouncity-state, nounclient state, nounCo., coalition, nouncold war, nouncolonial, adjectivecolonial, nouncolonialism, nouncolonize, verbcolony, nouncommissioner, nouncommune, nounconsort, nounconstitution, nounconstitutional, adjectiveconstitutionality, nounconvention, nouncoronation, nouncount, nouncounterintelligence, nouncountess, nouncounty, nouncounty council, noundecolonize, verbdemocracy, noundemocratic, adjectivedependency, noundespotism, noundétente, noundethrone, verbdevolution, noundictatorial, adjectivedictatorship, noundiplomacy, noundiplomatic immunity, noundirective, noundisinformation, noundispatch, noundispensation, noundissent, verbdistrict council, noundocumentation, nounDOD, dominion, nounDowning Street, noundynasty, nounearl, nounearldom, nounempire, nounEuro, adjectiveEurope, nounexecutive, nounexecutive privilege, nounfall, verbfall, nounfederalism, nounfeudal, adjectivefeudalism, nounfeudalistic, adjectivegazette, nounhead of state, nounhigh commission, nounimperial, adjectiveindependence, nounindependent, adjectiveinfrastructure, nouninstigate, verbinsurgent, nouninsurrection, nounintelligence, nouninternal, adjectivejunket, nounjunta, nounkingdom, nounkingship, nounkitchen cabinet, nounland office, nounland registry, nounlegation, nounlegislature, nounlicensed, adjectivelocal authority, nounlocal government, nounmaharajah, nounmaharani, nounmandate, nounmandated, adjectivemartial law, nounMBE, nounmeasure, nounmidterm, nounministry, nounminority government, nounmisrule, nounmonarchy, nounmonolith, nounmonolithic, adjectivemoratorium, nounmouthpiece, nounmove, verbmover, nounmunicipal, adjectivemunicipality, nounNASA, nounnational, adjectivenational debt, nounNational Health Service, the, nationalize, verbnational monument, nounnation state, nounNATO, nounneocolonialism, nounneutral, adjectiveneutral, nounneutralize, verbnon-aligned, adjectivenon-intervention, nounnon-proliferation, noun-ocracy, suffix-ocrat, suffixofficiate, verboligarchy, nounoperational, adjectiveoperative, nounoverthrow, verboverthrow, nounoverturn, verbpacify, verbpact, nounpalatinate, nounpardon, nounparish, nounpartition, nounpass, verbpeer, nounpeer, verbpeerage, nounpeeress, nounpermit, nounplenary, adjectiveplutocracy, nounpolice state, nounpolitburo, nounpolitical science, nounpolity, nounpork, nounpork barrel, nounportfolio, nounpossession, nounprecinct, nounprefecture, nounpremiership, nounpresidium, nounprotectorate, nounpublic, adjectivepublic service, nounquota, nounR, ratify, verbrealm, nounrecall, nounrecognition, nounrecognize, verbregency, nounregent, nounregime, nounregister, nounregulation, nounrelease, nounrepeal, verbrepresentative, nounrepressive, adjectiverepublic, nounrepublican, adjectiverescind, verbreunify, verbrevoke, verbrising, nounroyalist, nounruling, adjectivesanction, nounseat, nounsecret agent, nounsecurity service, nounself-governing, adjectiveself-rule, nounsheikh, nounshire, nounsocial democracy, nounsocialist, adjectivesocial service, nounsovereign, adjectivesovereignty, nounspin doctor, nounstaff, nounstate, nounstatehood, nounStatehouse, nounstate line, nounstate of emergency, nounstatewide, adjectivesubject, adjectivesubject, verbsultanate, nounsummit, nounsuperpower, nounsuppress, verbsupranational, adjectivesurgery, nounsuzerainty, nountechnocracy, nounterritory, nounthrone, nountopple, verbtotalitarian, adjectivetown planning, nountownship, nountransit visa, nountreaty, nountribalism, nountripartite, adjectivetrusteeship, nountsarism, nountyrant, nountzarism, noununconstitutional, adjectiveunification, noununify, verbunilateral, adjectiveunion, nounUnion Jack, nounvassal, nounVIP, nounviscount, nounviscountess, nounwelfare state, nounWhitehall, noun
Collocations
COLLOCATIONS FROM THE ENTRY Meaning 1adjectives
(also a poor/sorry state)· The report commented on the poor state of the roads.
· His apartment was in a terrible state.
(=a good state)· Student numbers at the college are in a healthy state.
· Whenever Ben stops his medication, his mental state deteriorates.
· Our emotions can have an effect on our physical state.
· There's a plan to return large areas of farmland to their natural state.
· We can deduce how the planet evolved from its beginnings to its present state.
· They lived in a constant state of fear.
· The dead bird was in an advanced state of decay.
phrases
· What was his state of mind at the time of the attack?
· The doctor said my general state of health was good.
· School buildings should be kept in a good state of repair.
· Howard, still in a state of shock, stared at Newman.
(=the state of being very ill or weak)· The economy was in a state of collapse.
· Syria was still in a state of war with Israel.
· That is the best advice we can offer, given our current state of knowledge about the disease.
 Meaning 3ADJECTIVES/NOUN + state
(also a sovereign state formal)· Croatia became an independent state in 1991.
· They wanted to transform the country into a modern democratic state.
(=where there is no democracy)· Politicians get away with this sort of behaviour only in totalitarian states.
· Until recently, the country was a one-party state.
· The former communist states began opening up their markets to foreign investment.
· Freedom of speech is not tolerated in a fascist state.
(=where the government strictly controls what people can say or do)· Too many laws bring us frighteningly close to the creation of a police state.
(=a country that belongs to an organization of countries)· The statement said that NATO would counter any attack against a member state.
COLLOCATIONS FROM OTHER ENTRIES
(=the business of the government)· The church played no role in the affairs of state.
(=an aim that someone has stated clearly)· The Department’s declared aim is targeting benefits where they are most needed.
 The classroom was in a constant state of anarchy.
 Galicia is an autonomous region of Spain.
(=boundaries between countries or states)· Big companies usually aim to expand outside national boundaries.
· He has a plan to balance the federal budget.
 Can you state categorically that her death was caused by lack of food?
· Nick's bedroom is permanently in a state of chaos.
(=owned by the government)
· People were in a state of confusion and close to panic.
· There was an amendment to Arizona’s state constitution.
 The castle is in a state of disrepair.
British English, public education American English (=provided by the government of a country)· The state of California guarantees free public education to all children.
 the physical and emotional state of the patient
(also a public enterprise British English) (=one owned by the government)· New Zealand Rail is a state-owned enterprise.
· It seemed that the whole country was in a state of excitement.
(=money a government spends on the services it provides for people)· The Conservatives want to maintain a firm control on public expenditure.
(=say what you know is true)· Press reports often fail to state the facts completely.
 I was still very shocked and in no fit state to work.
 The education system is still in a state of flux.
 Relations between the two countries are in a fragile state.
· The interference in local government by central government is not just financial, but political.
 He died in a state of grace (=when God has forgiven you for the wrong things you have done).
· Your choice of exercise must depend on your general state of health.
 a meeting of the world’s major industrial nations
 a lamentable state of affairs
(=the law in a US state)· Under state law it was illegal for any public official to receive gifts worth more than $100.
 the state legislature of Virginia
American English He was born in a small town just across the state line.
(=a country that belongs to an international organization)· the member states of the European Union
 the state monopoly of television
(=to be in a nervous condition)· She was in such a state of nerves that she jumped at every noise.
 imports from non-member countries
(=what someone says their objective is)· The city’s stated objective was to improve housing in the area.
written (=give your opinion, especially in a formal situation)· She has every right to voice her opinion.
 The company was returned to private ownership in mid-1987.
· She was in a constant state of panic that he would carry out his threat.
 the Lake District National Park
 The country’s police force was in a parlous state in 1990.
British English, a public pension American English (=one that the government pays)· They argued that the state pension should rise in line with average earnings.
· Government spending is determined by government policy.
 The arena is in an exceptionally fine state of preservation.
 What was the patient’s psychological state?
(=a government etc controlled by a more powerful country or organization)
(=controlled by the government of a country)· In a message read on state radio and television, the president called for calm.
· The report said that it would cost another £250 million to repair the damage.
 the ruinous state of the city walls
 a state-run (=controlled by the government) television station
British English, a public school American English (=a school that gets its money from the government)· Universities want to encourage more applicants from state schools.
(=a government secret)· He was accused of passing on state secrets to a foreign power.
(=security of a country)· Did the article contain any information that is damaging to national security?
(also be in deep shock) (=be very shocked and upset)· Eva left the room in a state of shock.
 The path was in a shocking state.
 the sorry state of the environment
 It’s a sorry state of affairs when an old lady has to wait 12 hours to see a doctor.
· The government is determined to keep public spending under control.· They called for increased government spending on education.
 After declaring a state of emergency, the government arrested all opposition leaders.
 a wave of nationalism sweeping the country
· Marjorie lived in a constant state of tension waiting for his phone calls.
 Cindy was wandering about her room in a state of undress.
· The president made an official visit to France this week.
 She had worked herself up into a state.
COLLOCATIONS FROM THE CORPUSADJECTIVE
· I can sense your emotional state.· You may also notice that your child likes to maintain a fairly low-key emotional state.· It was certainly not a highly emotional state, nor was it an abandonment of old modes of perception.· In other words, meaning is a highly important component element in the labelling of emotional states.· This has considerable significance for the communication of emotional states and personal interaction.· It must be virtually impossible for a dolphin to hide its inner emotional state.· Throughout they have to be aware of each player's emotional state.
· The republic was declared an independent state on Sept. 23.· In the first months the Provincial Juntas acted as independent sovereign states.· It has been replaced by a commonwealth of independent states.· In 1992 western governments had allowed Bosnia to hold a referendum and become an independent state.· This would be as unrealistic and premature as Mr Rugova's call for immediate recognition of an independent state.
· As we fall asleep our mental state becomes somewhat unpredictable from such gross measures.· This juggling is mostly unconscious: they automatically adjust their consumption of both drugs to maintain a desired physical or mental state.· But he was worried about the King's mental state, and to what this might lead.· Does their exceptional mental state determine both the quality of their performance and the vividness of their recollection of it?· After a meeting with Minton, Lehmann usually commented in his diary on his mental state.· They are also happy to accept that it is only because we have these mental states that we behave as we do.· They may say they are not sick when clearly they are; this is because of the mental state.· People could think what they liked about her mental state, as long as they didn't stand in her way.
· The judgment encouraged citizen groups supporting term-limit initiatives in other states.· Around one third of pensioners are so poor that their basic state pension is topped up with other state benefits.· After all, New York State has attracted more foreign companies than any other state, from headquarters operations to manufacturing operations.· Which markets in other member states can they best move into?· Conversely, those under attack from undertakings in dominant positions from other member states have valuable defences to attacking market dominant undertakings.· Along with every other Arab state he officially opposed the partition, but the others knew his intention was the opposite.· Codification has the advantage over other kinds of state power that it generally lasts.· The County Council claims it's merely proposing to bring church schools into line with other state schools.
· Instead play is converging to a negative steady state.· At any given dosage, 2-4 days are required to reach steady state.· This produces a steady state in which any stimulatory or inhibitory effects can be measured.· In a word, a steady state system is lively, even truly alive, like a Darwinian universe.· Ecotopians develop steady state systems and technologies.· There was no reasonable mechanism in the steady state theory to generate microwaves with such a spectrum.· The proposal that gained widest support was called the steady state theory.· The calculation is valid for the innermost layer of the wall at a constant transmural pressure and at steady state conditions.
NOUN
· We went down once, then a second time with the state attorney general.· She later backed off that statement, but state attorneys are still working out the details for implementation of the law.· The latest rumors are separate from actual talks between cigarette maker Liggett and state attorneys general.
· The letter asks him to consider the needs of older people dependent on state benefits.· They live on state benefits in London, and were granted permission to stay until 2002.· Two-thirds of this group got over three-quarters of their income from state benefits and only 7 percent had any earnings from employment.· She has no legal income other than state benefits.· Nearly 60% of pensioners receive at least 75% of their income from state benefits, particularly the basic pension.· At the time of writing, part of the cost can be met by state benefits.· The fact is that between July and September of this year the whole family was dependent on state benefits.
· The lawsuit, filed Tuesday in state court in Houston, seeks unspecified damages.· Medtronic Inc. v. Lohr: Federal law does not prevent patients from suing manufacturers of defective medical devices in state courts.· The railroad brought suit in state court on interstate-commerce grounds and won.· That led to a 1994 state court decision rejecting the project because of inadequate environmental protections.· A summary of the federal and state court reporter system appears in Table 1. 1.· Currently, federal courts tend to refuse to take such cases until all local and state court appeals are finished.· The action in state courts is even more awesome.
· When state department analysts are asked for their opinions, however, pragmatism will probably trump ideology.· In 1996, he was moved to a state Department of Justice office building, allowing him more privacy.· Hearing the onslaught of criticism, the state Department of Education is showing some signs of flexibility.· On the very same day Bush placated the right, Colin Powell spoke to the state department.· Oklahoma Futures oversees the state Department of Commerce and approves the annual business plans of several other state development authorities.· The state Department of Public Safety is working with the counties to come up with damage estimates.
· Towards this end subsidies for state enterprises would be abolished.· Only 70 state enterprises exceeded their planned profit target in the year.· After spending 17 years in Congress hurling broadsides at foreign creditors and defending state enterprises, Mr Franco has changed course.· The scope for political exchange complicates the nature of bargaining in state enterprise industrial relations.· More recently, governments have imposed financial constraints limiting the call of state enterprises on public funds.· In 1991 Soglo instituted an austerity program and privatized many state enterprises, a trend continued by Kerekou.· The root of these accommodations is the bargaining power possessed by state enterprises.
· The state governments, of whatever party, attach great importance to the expansion of their own mass media facilities.· The Reagan New Federalism also signalled an increased dependence of urban areas on state government.· The state government retains the right to license other operators to run passenger and freight trains over the country rail network.· Washington must work with state governments to develop more precision in assessing skills, employment rates and job retention.· They have links with the state government in Albany as well as City Hall, which adds hugely to their clout.· It would ban racial and gender preferences in all state government hiring, contracting and education programs.· It remains the means of official communication between the central and state governments, and between individual state governments.· Since most antipoverty programs are partnerships between the federal and state governments, the impact of a higher minimum wage can vary.
· The revenue-neutral requirement was included in state law in 1992 by financially strapped counties worried that breakaway efforts would be money-driven.· Arrests were made under a state law which makes it a criminal offence to hide ones face at a protest.· A number of state laws describe penalties that may be imposed on teachers or organization officials who engage in an illegal strike.· Under state law if police uncover clear signs of a domestic quarrel, including injuries, they have to bring charges.· But less well known is how he uses state laws to create an unfettered channel of contributions from donors across the country.· It was his job as district attorney to enforce a state law prohibiting abortion except to save a woman's life.· The saguaro is a protected plant under state law.
· In general Republicans supported the measure because its likely effect would be to undermine the long-lasting Democratic domination of the state legislature.· It is only much more recently, however, that Republicans began to run strong campaigns for state legislatures.· Idaho had been selected by anti-abortionists after similar bills had been defeated in several other state legislatures.· Rice noted that Brown is not the only former speaker of a state legislature to join the mayoral ranks.· Unlike the banned groups it had a large membership and was represented in several state legislatures.· Whitman enraged conservatives by opposing a ban on late-term abortions sent to her by the state legislature.· The opposition in the state legislature, Rajiv Gandhi's Congress Party, is rather sulky over the achievement.· It is even questionable that the electronic press has to await permission from a state legislature in order to gain entry.
· No member state will have to take part in a military operation if it does not want to.· The internal affairs of a member state are no business of the union, hence the reticence in Brussels.· Cultural support measures by member states have a centuries-old tradition behind them.· Future trade agreements will be negotiated not by the member states, but principally by the trade commissioner, Pascal Lamy.
· One example of the duplicity of this rhetoric of inevitability concerns the nation state.· The bottom line was that in the Soviet Union, as in every other nation state in history, money talked.· Derived from satellite imagery at comparatively low resolution, predicted yields for different crops in different nation states become of commercial value.· On the one hand they are rebuilding in Berlin the grandiose capital of a restored nation state.· These constitute the basis upon which the very possibility of a nation state rests.· And people live still inside nation states with all their dense allegiances and histories.· The process of forming a nation state did not, evidently, follow the same course everywhere.· This is not to say, however, that popular sovereignty requires a nation state.
· However, two main objectives remained central to the movement throughout the period: early retirement combined with adequate state pensions.· And for most pensioners, even those with supplementary pensions or savings, the state pension is their financial lifeline.· Furthermore the level of the state pension is low in both historical and international terms.· Successive governments, however, have made it clear that any alteration of the state pension ages is unlikely.· This includes the state pension, any occupational or personal pension and invalidity benefit.· In old age children provide the only security that exists in countries with no state pension or social security.· The only way in which that can be addressed sensibly is by putting extra money into the basic state pension.· My state pension is £57.60 per week and I have a pension of £360.95 per month from my former employers.
· Corporal punishment was banned in state schools five years ago.· Justice says they should be allowed to attend the state school.· In state schools only £38 per pupil is spend in secondary schools and £25 in primaries.· Many state schools would be funded by private firms.· The Department of Education and Science has estimated that state schools have a £3 billion backlog of repairs.· It is iniquitous that higher education still discriminates against state school children.· Some state schools have followed the example of the independent schools in asking parents to give covenanted sums.· In state schools, shortage of funds has meant that pupils or their families have to pay for materials and equipment.
· A key fact about the tax benefit welfare state is that those on the highest incomes gain most.· Doughty would admit that in order to safeguard the welfare state income tax would have to go up.· Both are under the greatest attack from a government committed to drawing back from the welfare state.· The Scandinavian welfare states assume agreement over issues which can be highly divisive in many parts of the world.· This view sums up the present Conservative philosophy, seen in government policies towards the welfare state, local government and taxation.· But for all this, the fact remains that the citizen of the agricultural welfare state is not a primal hunter-gatherer.· Two major documents published in the war years provided the planks for the final emergence of the welfare state and managed economy.· The spirit of comradeship that had made victory possible had the welfare state as one of its natural corollaries.
VERB
· The republic was declared an independent state on Sept. 23.· Officials declared a state of emergency in King County, which includes Seattle, as well as western Washington.· Analysts in Harare believe Mr Mugabe would like nothing better than the chance to declare a nationwide state of emergency.· Emergencies were declared in six states as airports were shut down, stranding travelers across the country.· I heard on the radio that Michigan's governor was being urged to declare a state of emergency.· Emergencies were declared in 12 states and transport links thrown into chaos.
Phrases
PHRASES FROM THE ENTRY
  • Crisis has always been the normal state of affairs in our country's politics.
  • It's a sad state of affairs when a leader can't take the time to address the true problems facing his country.
  • I called on Labour Councillors: they agreed that the state of affairs on the site was shocking.
  • Such a state of affairs provides the seller with a unique opportunity to exploit the relatively weak bargaining position of the investor.
  • The Dubroca incident added insult to an already severely injured state of affairs.
  • The random production might be regarded as the normal state of affairs, periodic production occurring through a rather special mechanism.
  • This state of affairs is not, I think, an aberration, but is inevitable in the structures of higher education.
  • True, and that's an unfortunate state of affairs.
  • What might the repercussions be of this unprecedented state of affairs?
  • When the state of affairs improved, Mark was promoted, but Colin was not ready.
  • I can't comment on the state of play in the negotiations.
  • Depends, of course, on the state of play.
  • Gerry, what's the state of play?
  • Let me remind you of the state of play at that time.
  • That's the state of play in Milton Keynes where Labour lost four seats, and control.
  • He lay in state, for ever disgraced.
  • He lay on the marble slab in the centre of the tiny oblong chapel like a king lying in state.
  • He may as well have been lying in state.
  • Jane was fearful for a moment that Flopsy might be lying in state.
  • President to lie in state while he was still alive.
  • As an alternative to this bloc policy Khrushchev offered to conclude treaties of non-aggression and friendship with the states concerned.
  • By the time he returned to the States, the twentieth century had dawned, and Otis was utterly unprepared for it.
  • Do you know that two-thirds of obstetricians in the States have been sued at least once in their lives?
  • I dread going back to the States.
  • In the congressional debates, the battle lines closely conformed to the resolutions passed in the states.
  • One of my magazines in the States has been following up rumours about the Josephs.
  • They should only air them in the states that were the true battle-ground states at that point.
► be in a state/get into a statePHRASES FROM OTHER ENTRIES► buffer state
  • An innkeeper can refuse service to any person who is not in a fit state to be received at the inn.
  • He ordered those of his crew still in a fit state to swim to take to the sea.
  • If Cullam had been in a fit state to observe behaviour he might have thought the chief inspector bored or preoccupied.
  • If she'd stayed in a fit state then she wouldn't have found herself in this situation now.
  • She wasn't in a fit state to be on her own.
  • The big thing about reading and all that is - you have to be in a fit state for it.
  • When I was in a fit state she asked if I would like to talk to her.
  • With so many major projects in hand she wanted to make sure that everything was in a fit state.
  • Bureaucracy, long absent from the country, was making a rapid return, both at central and at local levels.
  • Even the left-wing parties that may yet form the government have a record of economic reform at state level.
  • First, of course, there really does need to be a range of choices available at local level.
  • He believes everyone has ideas worthy of attention and that earth-saving decisions are best made at local level.
  • In keeping with the rank-and-file strength of the movement, however, pressure was applied most effectively at local level.
  • It has also highlighted the differential at local level.
  • The decision has generated sheafs of proposed new abortion legislation, pro and anti, at state level.
  • He lay in state, for ever disgraced.
  • He lay on the marble slab in the centre of the tiny oblong chapel like a king lying in state.
  • He may as well have been lying in state.
  • Jane was fearful for a moment that Flopsy might be lying in state.
  • President to lie in state while he was still alive.
► mid-Atlantic states/region
  • He went off to work in a pleasant frame of mind.
  • What was his state of mind on the day of the shooting?
  • If he could say that, for all his suffering, he wasn't in a dying frame of mind.
  • In what ways is this different to your other states of mind and being?
  • Meredith went up to the rehearsal room in a less tetchy state of mind.
  • Neil certainly seemed conscious after that terrible first week, despite his inability to recall his previous state of mind.
  • Patrick Parrinder has looked sardonically at this comforting but self-deceiving state of mind.
  • The state that belonged to the Albion revolution was no more than a state of mind.
  • You can not do that for her, can not alter her frame of mind.
  • Mr Ridley, who was not involved in any of the original decisions, is no supporter of the nanny state either.
  • Some nonsense or other to do with the nanny state.
  • Finally, at the risk of stating the obvious, I'd like to say that managers must manage better.
  • Do you have to state the obvious?
  • Don't waste precious time stating the obvious.
  • Let's state the obvious, shall we?
  • Sometimes he stated the obvious, and sometimes he was wrong; but he was curious, and he made connections.
  • These are, to state the obvious again, not homosexual poems.
  • To point out that his statistical contribution in Seattle was negatively aberrant is to state the obvious.
  • You might also have to avoid stating the obvious.
► a vegetative state► the welfare state
  • A 16-year-old girl works herself into a frenzy of grief for a friend killed by right-wing vigilantes.
  • I could see at once he was working himself into a panic about it all.
  • I knew I was working myself into a state, but I kept on staring at the picture of the dead girl.
  • It was silly to work himself into a state like this.
  • Make sure that the horse stays calm and does not work himself into a frenzy.
  • You're working yourself into a state.
1condition [countable] the physical or mental condition that someone or something is instate of There are fears for the state of the country’s economy.in a bad/terrible etc state When we bought the house, it was in a terrible state.somebody’s mental/physical/emotional state Frankly, I wouldn’t trust his emotional state right now. She was in an extremely confused state of mind.in no fit state to do something (=should not do something because you are not in a suitable condition) David’s in no fit state to drive. She can’t go home now. Look at the state of her!be in a good/bad state of repair (=be in good condition and not need repairing, or be in bad condition) The boat was in a good state of repair. The country was in a state of war (=officially fighting a war). Water exists in three states: liquid, gaseous, and solid. → state of emergency2government [singular, uncountable] (also the State) especially British English the government or political organization of a country:  The state has allocated special funds for the emergency.state employees/property/regulations etc limits on salary increases for state workersstate-owned/state-funded/state-subsidized etc (=owned, paid for etc by the government) a state-funded community housing projectmatters/affairs of state (=the business of the government) → welfare state3country [countable] a country considered as a political organization:  a NATO member state (=a country belonging to NATO)democratic/one-party/totalitarian etc state → police state
► see thesaurus at country4part of a country [countable] (also State British English) one of the areas with limited law-making powers that together make up a country controlled by a central government, such as the US and Australia → province, county, region:  Queensland is one of the states of Australia. the state of Iowastate employees/property/regulations etc the state government state and federal taxes5the States spoken a word meaning the US, used especially by someone when they are outside the US:  Which part of the States would you suggest I visit?6be in a state/get into a state British English spoken to be or become very nervous, anxious, or excited:  Mum and Dad were in a right state when I got in.7official ceremony [uncountable] the official ceremonies and events connected with government or rulers:  the Queen’s first state visit here in 17 years music for state occasions (=special public events)8state of affairs formal a situationunsatisfactory/sad/sorry etc state of affairs I must say this is a very unsatisfactory state of affairs.9the state of play especially British English a)the position reached in an activity or process that has not finished yet:  What is the state of play in the current negotiations? b)the score in a sports game10lie in state if the body of an important person who has just died lies in state, it is put in a public place so that people can go and show their respectCOLLOCATIONS– Meaning 1adjectivesa bad state (also a poor/sorry state)· The report commented on the poor state of the roads.a terrible state· His apartment was in a terrible state.a healthy state (=a good state)· Student numbers at the college are in a healthy state.somebody’s mental/emotional state· Whenever Ben stops his medication, his mental state deteriorates.somebody’s physical state· Our emotions can have an effect on our physical state.something’s natural state· There's a plan to return large areas of farmland to their natural state.something’s present/current state· We can deduce how the planet evolved from its beginnings to its present state.a constant/permanent/perpetual state of something· They lived in a constant state of fear.an advanced state of something· The dead bird was in an advanced state of decay.phrasessomebody’s state of mind· What was his state of mind at the time of the attack?somebody’s state of health· The doctor said my general state of health was good.something’s state of repair/preservation· School buildings should be kept in a good state of repair.a state of shock/confusion/panic etc· Howard, still in a state of shock, stared at Newman.a state of collapse (=the state of being very ill or weak)· The economy was in a state of collapse.a state of war· Syria was still in a state of war with Israel.the present/current state of knowledge· That is the best advice we can offer, given our current state of knowledge about the disease.COLLOCATIONS– Meaning 3ADJECTIVES/NOUN + statean independent state (also a sovereign state formal)· Croatia became an independent state in 1991.a democratic state· They wanted to transform the country into a modern democratic state.a totalitarian state (=where there is no democracy)· Politicians get away with this sort of behaviour only in totalitarian states.a one-party state· Until recently, the country was a one-party state.a communist/socialist state· The former communist states began opening up their markets to foreign investment.a fascist state· Freedom of speech is not tolerated in a fascist state.a police state (=where the government strictly controls what people can say or do)· Too many laws bring us frighteningly close to the creation of a police state.a member state (=a country that belongs to an organization of countries)· The statement said that NATO would counter any attack against a member state.
state1 nounstate2 verb
statestate2 ●●○ S3 W2 verb [transitive] Verb Table
VERB TABLE
state
Simple Form
PresentI, you, we, theystate
he, she, itstates
PastI, you, he, she, it, we, theystated
Present perfectI, you, we, theyhave stated
he, she, ithas stated
Past perfectI, you, he, she, it, we, theyhad stated
FutureI, you, he, she, it, we, theywill state
Future perfectI, you, he, she, it, we, theywill have stated
Continuous Form
PresentIam stating
he, she, itis stating
you, we, theyare stating
PastI, he, she, itwas stating
you, we, theywere stating
Present perfectI, you, we, theyhave been stating
he, she, ithas been stating
Past perfectI, you, he, she, it, we, theyhad been stating
FutureI, you, he, she, it, we, theywill be stating
Future perfectI, you, he, she, it, we, theywill have been stating
Examples
EXAMPLES FROM OTHER DICTIONARIES
  • Justice Cohen stated clearly that no further action would be taken.
  • Please state your full name for the record.
  • The government needs to clearly state its policy on possible military action.
  • The law states that you are innocent until proved guilty.
  • The receipt clearly states that refunds are not allowed.
EXAMPLES FROM THE CORPUS
  • It is given only as an example which is easy to state.
  • The essay begins by stating its main point: that the title focuses attention on a multifunctional symbol within the story.
  • The parallels are stated, not reasoned.
  • The permit, which is free, also has an information sheet which states 11 separate conditions concerning the use of skips.
  • This effect need not be stated in terms.
Thesaurus
THESAURUSto say something
to tell someone something, using words: · ‘I really ought to go,’ she said.· Lauren said she’d probably be late.
to say something, especially in a definite or formal way – used in official contexts: · The witness stated that he had never seen the woman before.· Please state your name and address.
to publicly tell people about something: · The chairman announced his resignation.· The results will be announced tomorrow.· We will announce the winners next Sunday.· They were announcing the train times over the loudspeaker system.
to say something very firmly: · ‘My personal life is none of your business,’ she declared.
to talk about someone or something, especially without giving many details: · Did Tom mention anything about what happened at school?· Your name was mentioned!
to let someone know your feelings by putting them into words: · Young children often find it difficult to express their emotions.
to say what your opinion is about someone or something: · The prime minister was asked to comment on the crisis.
formal to say that you have noticed that something is true – used especially in formal writing: · We have already noted that most old people live alone.· Someone once remarked that the problem with computers is that they only give you answers.
to say something more, after what has already been said: · He added that he thought it could be done fairly cheaply.
to mention something that seems particularly important or relevant: · Dr Graham points out that most children show some signs of abnormal behaviour.· It’s worth pointing out that few people actually die of this disease.
to talk about your opinions, worries, or the things you disagree about: air your views/grievances/differences: · The programme will give listeners the chance to air their views about immigration.· Workers were able to air their grievances.
to talk publicly about your feelings or about whether you approve or disapprove of something formal: voice concern/support/doubt/fears etc: · The president has already voiced his support for the proposal.· She voiced concern for the safety of the hostages.
Longman Language Activatorowned or paid for by the government
public libraries, hospitals etc are provided and paid for by the government, not by private companies: · You can get the information from your local public library· We need to raise taxes to pay for better public healthcare.public services: · garbage collection and other public servicespublic spending/expenditure (=money spent by the government to provide public services): · There's been a big increase in public spending over the past three years.the public sector (=all the industries and services that are owned or paid for by the government): · I've worked in the public sector all my life, mainly in local government.· public sector employees
owned, controlled, or paid for by the government. In the US state usually refers to the government of a particular state , not the national government: · The government has promised increased spending on the the state education system.· China's state radio station· Britain's state aid for industry generally falls far short of the sums seen in other countries.
provided, paid for, or run by the government: · How much government money is to be poured into this program?· The camps have been attacked several times by government forces.· The industry secretary has just announced a government initiative to address the problem.
owned or paid for by the national government of the US or a country organized in a similar way: · Federal funding for the project was cut last year· federal agencies· the Federal Bureau of Investigation
also nationalise British if a government nationalizes an industry or service, it buys it or takes control of it: · The mines were nationalized by the Labour Party.· Castro speeded up his land reforms and began to nationalize foreign holdings in Cuba.
to say something publicly or officially
to say something publicly or officially, using spoken or written words: say (that): · The President said he had no intention of resigning.· The rules say that sports shoes must be worn in the gym at all times.say what/how/who etc: · The police are refusing to say where Davies is being held.
to officially tell people what has happened or what will happen, in a written or spoken public statement: · The Company announced profits of about $400 million.announce (that): · The Prime Minister has just announced there is to be a General Election next month.announce your engagement (=to officially tell people that you are going to get married): · They announced their engagement last year, but have still not set a date for their wedding.
formal to say something publicly or officially, especially in clear, definite language: · The government needs to clearly state its policy on possible military action.state that: · The law states that you are innocent until proved guilty.· Justice Cohen stated clearly that no further action would be taken.
to officially state that a particular situation exists or a person or thing is in a particular condition: declare somebody insane/unfit/a traitor etc: · In the last century, mothers of illegitimate babies could be declared insane.· After nearly forty years' membership, the Communist party declared him a traitor.declare (that): · Finally, the doctor declared that the man was dead.declare war/an amnesty/a state of emergency: · In 1941 the US declared war on the Axis powers.· A state of emergency has been declared in Bangladesh.
to say or write something publicly in order to tell people what you intend to do, what your opinion is etc - use this especially about politicians, business leaders, and other people in authority: · The party's environment spokesman intends to make a statement either today or tomorrow.· The president's press corps issued this statement today.
to officially state the rules that say what is allowed in a particular situation: lay down something: · The new law lays down strict rules about the way guns may be bought and sold.lay down that: · It is laid down in the club rules that guests are not allowed in unless they are accompanied by a club member.
if something such as an official statement or document is worded in a particular way, the speaker or writer has deliberately chosen their words in that way to get a particular effect: · His speech to the police officers about racial violence had to be very carefully worded.· The Defence Secretary made a public statement about the crisis, but it was worded in such a way as to give very little information.
Collocations
COLLOCATIONS FROM THE ENTRY
 Fine, but aren’t you just stating the obvious here?
COLLOCATIONS FROM OTHER ENTRIES
(=the business of the government)· The church played no role in the affairs of state.
(=an aim that someone has stated clearly)· The Department’s declared aim is targeting benefits where they are most needed.
 The classroom was in a constant state of anarchy.
 Galicia is an autonomous region of Spain.
(=boundaries between countries or states)· Big companies usually aim to expand outside national boundaries.
· He has a plan to balance the federal budget.
 Can you state categorically that her death was caused by lack of food?
· Nick's bedroom is permanently in a state of chaos.
(=owned by the government)
· People were in a state of confusion and close to panic.
· There was an amendment to Arizona’s state constitution.
 The castle is in a state of disrepair.
British English, public education American English (=provided by the government of a country)· The state of California guarantees free public education to all children.
 the physical and emotional state of the patient
(also a public enterprise British English) (=one owned by the government)· New Zealand Rail is a state-owned enterprise.
· It seemed that the whole country was in a state of excitement.
(=money a government spends on the services it provides for people)· The Conservatives want to maintain a firm control on public expenditure.
(=say what you know is true)· Press reports often fail to state the facts completely.
 I was still very shocked and in no fit state to work.
 The education system is still in a state of flux.
 Relations between the two countries are in a fragile state.
· The interference in local government by central government is not just financial, but political.
 He died in a state of grace (=when God has forgiven you for the wrong things you have done).
· Your choice of exercise must depend on your general state of health.
 a meeting of the world’s major industrial nations
 a lamentable state of affairs
(=the law in a US state)· Under state law it was illegal for any public official to receive gifts worth more than $100.
 the state legislature of Virginia
American English He was born in a small town just across the state line.
(=a country that belongs to an international organization)· the member states of the European Union
 the state monopoly of television
(=to be in a nervous condition)· She was in such a state of nerves that she jumped at every noise.
 imports from non-member countries
(=what someone says their objective is)· The city’s stated objective was to improve housing in the area.
written (=give your opinion, especially in a formal situation)· She has every right to voice her opinion.
 The company was returned to private ownership in mid-1987.
· She was in a constant state of panic that he would carry out his threat.
 the Lake District National Park
 The country’s police force was in a parlous state in 1990.
British English, a public pension American English (=one that the government pays)· They argued that the state pension should rise in line with average earnings.
· Government spending is determined by government policy.
 The arena is in an exceptionally fine state of preservation.
 What was the patient’s psychological state?
(=a government etc controlled by a more powerful country or organization)
(=controlled by the government of a country)· In a message read on state radio and television, the president called for calm.
· The report said that it would cost another £250 million to repair the damage.
 the ruinous state of the city walls
 a state-run (=controlled by the government) television station
British English, a public school American English (=a school that gets its money from the government)· Universities want to encourage more applicants from state schools.
(=a government secret)· He was accused of passing on state secrets to a foreign power.
(=security of a country)· Did the article contain any information that is damaging to national security?
(also be in deep shock) (=be very shocked and upset)· Eva left the room in a state of shock.
 The path was in a shocking state.
 the sorry state of the environment
 It’s a sorry state of affairs when an old lady has to wait 12 hours to see a doctor.
· The government is determined to keep public spending under control.· They called for increased government spending on education.
 After declaring a state of emergency, the government arrested all opposition leaders.
 a wave of nationalism sweeping the country
· Marjorie lived in a constant state of tension waiting for his phone calls.
 Cindy was wandering about her room in a state of undress.
· The president made an official visit to France this week.
 She had worked herself up into a state.
COLLOCATIONS FROM THE CORPUSADVERB
· All invoices also state the consignment's ultimate destination.· The new law also states that long-distance companies will be allowed into local phone markets immediately.· It also stated that no new coal-fired power stations need to be ordered before 1990 or 1994.· The agreement also states that Dole is not allowed to forgive the loan.· He also stated that he had no objections to negotiations in the current peace process being held in Cairo.· The detective, Thomas Middleton, also stated in the documents he told John he was not a police officer.· He also stated that the Corsican economy could develop harmoniously around the tourism industry.· He also stated that the landing was designed to assist with the restoration of services to Bougainville.
· He stated categorically that he had no doubts that the parents in this case were innocent.· Summing up, I can state categorically that there is no substitute for hands-on experience.· Sometimes it is even stated categorically that they do not.· Sotheby's stated categorically yesterday that the under-bidder had no association with the company.· I can state categorically that this is not the case.
· Send us your clippings, stating clearly where they have come from and the date.· The method of sampling should be clearly stated, as well as information relative to those unwilling to or unable to cooperate.· You will need an introduction which states clearly what you are talking about and why.· Clearly stating objectives will be a great help in making methods systematic.· Clearly state the message you want the other person to hear.· The development of overall program goals to be achieved by clearly stated objectives which relate to teacher needs and expectations. 3.· I need to state clearly what the book is not.· This resolution clearly states that women are responsible for the Fall and that men are superior because they were created first.
· The point is, mathematical notation gives us complete liberty, unless it explicitly states otherwise.· As already said, we do not explicitly state these demands to ourselves.· Don't pay any money without a receipt stating explicitly what you've paid for. 2.· They generally began by stating explicitly that being a manager meant being the boss: A manager is the person in charge.· However, most still fail to state explicitly their political value judgements and are unaware of their ideology.· In the United States, 35 states explicitly make doctor-assisted suicide a crime, including New York.· What was implicit in Bukharin's work can now be stated explicitly.· While not explicitly stated by the educators in all of these settings, three basic norms guided what they did.
· It simply states that present proposals are unacceptable because they do not retain a fair and equitable trading system.· Simply stated, the cost of complying with regulations is paid directly from the pockets of citizens.· Yet his manner made it clear that he was simply stating a fact, not flattering with a compliment.· The alternative to economic exploitation is simply stated: we leave them alone.· The first law of thermodynamics simply states that energy is neither created nor destroyed during these transformations.· Simply stated, the more nurturing a dough receives from start to finish, the better the bread.· He can simply state in evidence that he examined the licence and found it to be a current provisional.· Simply stated the purpose is the first statement about which the project is all about.
NOUN
· Paragraph 3 of Article 10 states that the essential aim of the penal system is reformation and social rehabilitation.· The present constitution in Article 41.3.2 stated: No law shall be enacted providing for the grant of a dissolution of marriage.· The Forbes article stated that Glushkov was convicted in 1982 of theft of state property.
· The question is still at the consultation stage and the people concerned should state their particular case.· I was stating my case in the matter.· Sayre states that in most cases, there are less than four resulting alternative letter strings, and usually one.· I will simply have to state the case dogmatically, but: this is untenable.· A strange looking band named Bronski Beat began to state a national case for gay equality.· This simply states, in the case of a limited company, that the liability of members is limited.· I can think of very few occasions when you would not have the time to state your case.· Had she been stating her case too forcibly?
· Begin your address to the court by stating quite briefly what you wish to show.· When making an order or refusing an application the court must state any findings of fact and the reasons for its decision.
· Yet his manner made it clear that he was simply stating a fact, not flattering with a compliment.· Cuts treated commercially with enzymes must b ar labels stating this fact.· She sounded as though she was stating a fact.· He was simply making a point, stating a fact, in his inimitably succinct style.· Right or wrong they have simply attempted to state the facts.· We have now had enough experience in many different countries to state this as a fact.· Though he was deliberately sending himself up, he was also stating a simple fact.· He is stating a practical fact.
· At first it left the initiative to state and local government but then it progressively took away more and more of it.· The overall cutback in the funding of federal urban programs would require cities to look to state governments for aid.· But to atone for this and other abuses, the firms have already promised $ 246 billion to state governments.· After Thursday, a new maxim ought to state that governments do not win elections, oppositions lose them.
· The facts are stated in the judgment of Sir Donald Nicholls V.-C.· The facts are stated in the judgment.
· Current law states that a child conceived posthumously is legally fatherless and should be registered as such.· The new law also states that long-distance companies will be allowed into local phone markets immediately.· It is the same law which states that without energy everything falls apart.· University law states that a strike is not a legal means of achieving student objectives.· The law now explicitly states that the study of any such catechism or formulary is not prohibited.· Her case ended up in the Supreme Court which overturned restrictive abortion laws in 46 states.
· The man had gone to the local authority to get a letter stating he was fit to have custody of children.· He also left behind a letter stating that the Emperor abused his wife during his absence.· The letter had definitely stated that she was to be met.· If you have a pet, ask your previous landlord for a reference letter stating that your animal is well-behaved.· On May 31, Herrera sent a formal letter to the Chamber stating his reasons for refusing to accept their decision.· One of Descartes's letters states the problem clearly.
· Number of member states: 113.· In most cases, family members never explicitly state this code, either to themselves or to one another.· Year of foundation: 1971. Member states: 44.· There was pressure from other member states to take foreign policy decisions by majority voting.· In the member states a variety of national policies towards industry have been implemented.· Although these communications are not legally binding, they do give member states strong guidance on legal and taxation issues.· It is still possible for member states to shut doors, if they want to.· The scope for member states to promote their own culture through funds and subsidies remains.
· The facts are stated in the opinion of Lord Keith of Kinkel.· The townspeople: Loved their emperor and were too worried about being thought of as fools to state their real opinions.· The symposium was not the first place I had stated unpopular opinions.
· Mr. Jones I shall state my position and that of the Opposition in my speech.· It is what allows us to compose momentum states out of position states, or position states out of momentum states.· Lord Denning stated that the position would have been different if the stairs leading to the basement had given way.· We proceeded to state our respective positions, which took about fifteen minutes.· The Efta states now occupy a position within a free-trade area, but outside Political union.· Still, the economists in the central tradition stated their position with some clarity.· Moreover the ontological reductivist can not state his own philosophical position coherently.
· He waited for Ballater to explain himself or to state the reason for his visit.· She could not add or subtract was the stated reason.· If so, state your reasons briefly.· On May 31, Herrera sent a formal letter to the Chamber stating his reasons for refusing to accept their decision.· Magistrates also had to state their reasons for dismissing a case.· Downing Street will supply them with special forms to state the reasons for their recommendations.· Deportation orders do not have to state the reasons for expulsion.· On 20 July, this House allowed the appeal, stating that the reasons for so doing would be given later.
· In your report the council leader states that they would be increasing parking for the disabled in Abbot's Yard.· The report failed to state exactly how much timber could be harvested at present.· The report states that immigration authorities have found evidence of 250 brothels in 26 cities where victims of trafficking are working.· Often the press reports fail to state the facts completely or they slant their account of the case.
· The theory states that individuals possess certain characteristics so that they are predisposed to act in a certain way within a given situation.· This theory states that various market participants have distinct maturity preferences.· The theory states that if we receive an excess of definitions favourable over those unfavourable, then we will commit crime.· The demand that theories should be highly falsifiable has the attractive consequence that theories should be clearly stated and precise.· The falsificationist demands that theories be stated with sufficient clarity to run the risk of falsification.
VERB
· The voter is required to state his preferences, and to state them once for all, before any votes are counted.· President Clinton signed a law last year that requires states to make information on sexually violent criminals available to the public.· It requires member states to set rules on mandatory bids, providing information to shareholders and treating them equally.· Currently, the federal government requires states to provide whatever services are medically necessary.· S.2 of that Act also requires a company to state its objects.· The welfare provisions, meanwhile, require states to put recipients to work and penalize those that fail to do so.· Companies are required to state that their accounts are prepared in accordance with approved accounting standards.
Phrases
PHRASES FROM OTHER ENTRIES► buffer state
  • An innkeeper can refuse service to any person who is not in a fit state to be received at the inn.
  • He ordered those of his crew still in a fit state to swim to take to the sea.
  • If Cullam had been in a fit state to observe behaviour he might have thought the chief inspector bored or preoccupied.
  • If she'd stayed in a fit state then she wouldn't have found herself in this situation now.
  • She wasn't in a fit state to be on her own.
  • The big thing about reading and all that is - you have to be in a fit state for it.
  • When I was in a fit state she asked if I would like to talk to her.
  • With so many major projects in hand she wanted to make sure that everything was in a fit state.
  • Bureaucracy, long absent from the country, was making a rapid return, both at central and at local levels.
  • Even the left-wing parties that may yet form the government have a record of economic reform at state level.
  • First, of course, there really does need to be a range of choices available at local level.
  • He believes everyone has ideas worthy of attention and that earth-saving decisions are best made at local level.
  • In keeping with the rank-and-file strength of the movement, however, pressure was applied most effectively at local level.
  • It has also highlighted the differential at local level.
  • The decision has generated sheafs of proposed new abortion legislation, pro and anti, at state level.
  • He lay in state, for ever disgraced.
  • He lay on the marble slab in the centre of the tiny oblong chapel like a king lying in state.
  • He may as well have been lying in state.
  • Jane was fearful for a moment that Flopsy might be lying in state.
  • President to lie in state while he was still alive.
► mid-Atlantic states/region
  • He went off to work in a pleasant frame of mind.
  • What was his state of mind on the day of the shooting?
  • If he could say that, for all his suffering, he wasn't in a dying frame of mind.
  • In what ways is this different to your other states of mind and being?
  • Meredith went up to the rehearsal room in a less tetchy state of mind.
  • Neil certainly seemed conscious after that terrible first week, despite his inability to recall his previous state of mind.
  • Patrick Parrinder has looked sardonically at this comforting but self-deceiving state of mind.
  • The state that belonged to the Albion revolution was no more than a state of mind.
  • You can not do that for her, can not alter her frame of mind.
  • Mr Ridley, who was not involved in any of the original decisions, is no supporter of the nanny state either.
  • Some nonsense or other to do with the nanny state.
  • Finally, at the risk of stating the obvious, I'd like to say that managers must manage better.
  • Do you have to state the obvious?
  • Don't waste precious time stating the obvious.
  • Let's state the obvious, shall we?
  • Sometimes he stated the obvious, and sometimes he was wrong; but he was curious, and he made connections.
  • These are, to state the obvious again, not homosexual poems.
  • To point out that his statistical contribution in Seattle was negatively aberrant is to state the obvious.
  • You might also have to avoid stating the obvious.
► a vegetative state► the welfare state
  • A 16-year-old girl works herself into a frenzy of grief for a friend killed by right-wing vigilantes.
  • I could see at once he was working himself into a panic about it all.
  • I knew I was working myself into a state, but I kept on staring at the picture of the dead girl.
  • It was silly to work himself into a state like this.
  • Make sure that the horse stays calm and does not work himself into a frenzy.
  • You're working yourself into a state.
Word family
WORD FAMILYnounstatementunderstatement ≠ overstatementverbstateunderstate ≠ overstateadjectiveunderstated ≠ overstated
1to formally say or write a piece of information or your opinion:  Please state your name and address. Rembert again stated his intention to resign from Parliament. The government needs to clearly state its policy on UN intervention.state (that) The witness stated that he had not seen the woman before. Fine, but aren’t you just stating the obvious here?► see thesaurus at say2if a document, newspaper, ticket etc states information, it contains the information written clearly:  The price of the tickets is stated on the back.
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更新时间：2025/3/16 13:09:30