英语词汇“stimulus”的英英意思、用法、释义、翻译、读音、例句、短语、词组-英语词典

WORD ORIGINstimulus

Origin:

1600-1700 Latin ‘sharp stick for making animals move’

EXAMPLES FROM OTHER DICTIONARIES

Tax cuts provided the stimulus the slow economy needed.
The appointment of a new director gave the project immediate stimulus.
The surge in new housing construction ought to provide a stimulus to the economy.

EXAMPLES FROM THE CORPUS

A child presented with a visual stimulus tends to center or fix attention on a limited perceptual aspect of the stimulus.
As we have seen, the stimulus given to the economy by Emancipation was at first limited.
Elders are not passive objects merely conditioned by stimuli from society or their body.
How do employers react to the supposed increased willingness of workers to offer more labour services resulting from a monetary stimulus?
Table 5 shows the results of a t-test between a stimulus and the value 0.5.
They wanted the stimulus package, much of which would have been spent in inner cities.
With sufficient training, however, both stimuli will lose the ability to evoke attention.

Longman Language Activatorsomething that makes something else happen► cause

· Doctors cannot find a cure for the illness until they have identified the cause.cause of · Investigators are still trying to determine the cause of the accident.root cause (=basic cause) · The root cause of the current energy crisis is that we simply use too much energy.

► factor

one of several causes of a situation or condition: · The price of insurance depends on several factors, including the age of the car.factor in: · His girlfriend lives in London and I'm sure that was a factor in his decision to move there.key factor (=very important factor): · Money will be the key factor when we decide to buy a new house.deciding/determining factor (=the thing that finally makes something happen): · Race should never be a deciding factor in a hiring decision.

► reason

the thing or one of the things that makes you decide to do something or makes something happen: · "Why are you helping her?" "She asked me to. That's the only reason."· The main reason she quit is that she was not being paid enough.reason for/behind: · Can anyone explain the reason for the delay?· There were two reasons behind the company's failure.reason why/(that): · The reason why the economy is growing more slowly is a lack of workers.reason to do something: · There's no reason to doubt what she says.

► origins

the first causes from which a situation, condition etc has developed: origins of: · The origins of the crisis were very complex.· Other cultures' beliefs about the origins of disease often differ from our own.have origins in: · Many of our attitudes to the issue of race have their origins in the colonialism of days gone by.

► root

the main or most important cause of a situation or condition: root of: · The roots of the wars in the Balkans go back hundreds of years.get to the root of something (=discover the most important cause): · We need to get to the root of the problem.

► stimulus

an event, action, or situation that helps a process to develop more quickly: · The appointment of a new director gave the project immediate stimulus.stimulus to: · The surge in new housing construction ought to provide a stimulus to the economy.

► impetus

an event, action, or situation that helps something to develop more quickly: impetus for/behind: · The impetus for change in the industry was provided by a new management team.· Press criticism has been the main impetus behind the government reforms.give impetus to something: · The Surgeon General's speech will give new impetus to the anti-smoking campaign.

WORD SETS► Biology

aerobic, adjectiveafterbirth, nounalgae, nounalimentary canal, nounamber, nounameba, nounamino acid, nounamoeba, nounanaconda, nounanaerobic, adjectiveandrogynous, adjectiveantibody, nounantigen, nounantitoxin, nounappendage, nounarm, nounarmour, nounasexual, adjectiveassimilation, nounatrophy, verbaviary, nounbacteria, nounbacteriology, nounbarnacle, nounbile, nounbinocular vision, nounbio-, prefixbiochemistry, nounbiodegradable, adjectivebiodiversity, nounbiohazard, nounbiological, adjectivebiological clock, nounbiology, nounbiomass, nounbiome, nounbiosphere, nounblind, nounbrain, nounbreathe, verbbreed, verbbreed, nounbreeding, nounbristle, nounbulb, nouncapsule, nouncarbohydrate, nouncarbon dioxide, nouncarnivore, nouncell, nouncellular, adjectivecellulose, nouncentral nervous system, nouncervical, adjectivecholesterol, nounchromosome, nouncirculation, nouncirculatory, adjectiveclass, nounclone, nouncold-blooded, adjectiveconceive, verbconch, nounconnective tissue, nouncopulate, verbcoral reef, nouncornea, nouncoronary, adjectivecorpuscle, nouncortex, nouncortisone, nouncowrie, nouncrab, nouncrawfish, nouncrayfish, nouncreature, nouncross, verbcrossbreed, nounculture, nouncytoplasm, noundecay, verbdecay, noundecompose, verbdefecate, verbdenizen, noundextrose, noundiaphragm, noundigest, verbdigestion, noundigestive, adjectiveDNA, noundorsal, adjectivedry rot, nounduct, noundwarf, noundwarf, adjectiveecological, adjectiveecology, nounecosystem, nounegg, nounejaculate, verbembryo, nounembryonic, adjectiveenzyme, nounepidermis, nounevolution, nounevolutionary, adjectiveexcrement, nounexcrescence, nounexcrete, verbexcretion, nounexhale, verbexoskeleton, nounextinction, nounfaeces, nounfamily, nounfang, nounfat, nounfatty acid, nounfauna, nounfeces, nounfeed, verbfemale, adjectivefemale, nounferment, verbferment, nounfertile, adjectivefertility, nounfertilize, verbfission, nounflank, nounflatulence, nounflesh, nounfleshy, adjectiveflightless, adjectiveflora, nounfoetal, adjectivefoetus, nounfoliage, nounfossil, nounfreak, nounfreshwater, adjectivefructose, noungamete, nounganglion, noungene, noungene pool, noungenera, genetic, adjectivegenetic code, noungenetic engineering, noungenetic fingerprinting, noungenetics, noungenome, noungenus, noungestation, noungland, nounglandular, adjectiveglucose, noungluten, noungonad, noungrass snake, noungrow, verbgrowth, nounhabitat, nounhaemoglobin, nounhearing, nounheart, nounhemisphere, nounherbivore, nounhereditary, adjectiveheredity, nounhermaphrodite, nounhibernate, verbhistamine, nounhoming, adjectivehormone, nounhost, nounimpregnate, verbimpulse, nounincubate, verbindigenous, adjectiveinfected, adjectiveinfertile, adjectiveinfest, verbingest, verbinhale, verbinseminate, verbinsensate, adjectiveinsulin, nounintegument, nounintercourse, nouninterferon, nounintestine, nouninvertebrate, nouninvoluntary, adjectiveiris, nounjaw, nounjelly, nounkidney, nounkrill, nounlactate, verblactation, nounlactic acid, nounleech, nounleg, nounlesser, adjectivelichen, nounlife, nounlife cycle, nounlife form, nounligament, nounlimb, nounlimpet, nounlipid, nounliver, nounliving fossil, nounlocomotion, nounlymph, nounlymph node, nounmale, adjectivemale, nounmammal, nounmandible, nounmate, nounmate, verbmembrane, nounmetabolism, nounmetabolize, verbmetamorphosis, nounmicrobe, nounmicrobiology, nounmicroorganism, nounmicroscopic, adjectivemigrate, verbmigratory, adjectivemiscarriage, nounmolar, nounmorphology, nounmotor, adjectivemould, nounmouth, nounmucous membrane, nounmucus, nounmulticellular, adjectivemuscle, nounmuscular, adjectivemutant, nounmutate, verbmutation, nounnatural history, nounnatural selection, nounnature, nounneck, nounnectar, nounnerve, nounnervous, adjectivenervous system, nounneural, adjectiveneuro-, prefixneurology, nounnode, nounnose, nounnostril, nounnucleic acid, nounnucleus, nounnutrient, nounnutriment, nounoesophagus, nounoestrogen, nounolfactory, adjectiveoptic, adjectiveorgan, nounorganic, adjectiveorganic chemistry, nounorganism, nounorifice, nounossify, verbosteo-, prefixoutgrowth, nounova, ovary, nounoverwinter, verboviduct, nounoviparous, adjectiveovulate, verbovum, nounparasite, nounpathogen, nounpedigree, nounpelvic, adjectivepelvis, nounpenile, adjectivepenis, nounpepsin, nounperiod, nounperspiration, nounperspire, verbphotosynthesis, nounphylum, nounpigment, nounpigmentation, nounplankton, nounplasma, nounpollinate, verbpostnatal, adjectivepregnancy, nounpregnant, adjectivepremature, adjectiveprenatal, adjectiveproduct, nounproliferation, nounpropagate, verbprotein, nounprotoplasm, nounprotozoan, nounpuberty, nounpulmonary, adjectivepulp, nounpulsation, nounputrefy, verbputrid, adjectivered blood cell, nounregurgitate, verbrenal, adjectivereproduce, verbreproduction, nounreproductive, adjectiverespiration, nounrespiratory, adjectiverespire, verbretina, nounroot, nounrot, verbrot, nounruff, nounsac, nounsaliva, nounsalivary gland, nounsalivate, verbsaltwater, adjectivescale, nounscallop, nounscaly, adjectivesebaceous, adjectivesecrete, verbsecretion, nounsemen, nounsense organ, nounsensory, adjectiveserum, nounsex, nounsex, verbsexless, adjectivesexual intercourse, nounsheath, nounshell, nounsibling, nounskeletal, adjectiveskeleton, nounskin, nounskull, nounspasm, nounspasmodic, adjectivespecies, nounspecimen, nounsperm, nounspiderweb, nounspinal cord, nounspine, nounspineless, adjectivestarch, nounstem cell, nounstimulate, verbstimulus, nounstrain, nounsubject, nounsubspecies, nounsucker, nounsucrose, nounsweat, verbsweat, nounsweat gland, nounsymbiosis, nounsystemic, adjectivetail, nountaxonomy, nounteeth, testosterone, nountest-tube baby, nountissue, nountrachea, nountube, noununicellular, adjectiveurethra, nounuric, adjectiveurinate, verburine, nounvariety, nounvector, nounvein, nounvenom, nounvenomous, adjectiveventricle, nounvertebra, nounvertebrate, nounvivisection, nounwarm-blooded, adjectivewean, verbwildlife, nounwindpipe, nounyolk, noun

COLLOCATIONS FROM THE CORPUSADJECTIVE► different

· Four different sets of stimuli were used.· A set of mime sketches under the title Speak Easy provide a different kind of stimulus to oral production.

► external

· As a result, they do not merely react to external stimuli, they do not simply behave, they act.· The trigger is usually some external stimulus, not necessarily an obvious one.· They give rise to behavioural responses to external stimuli that are enduring and consistent within a person's psychological constitution.· In the same way, external stimuli become incorporated into dreams in order to reduce their arousing effect.· Cognitive social psychologists assume that it is pan of human nature to reduce uncertainty by processing the external stimulus world through schemata.· In the past century the institutions and the external stimuli affecting the relation between finance and industry have been chopped and changed.· We do not initiate action; we react to a series of external stimuli.· More significantly, he also realized that this electrical activity was affected by external stimuli falling on the sense organs.

► fiscal

· With no room for a fiscal stimulus in most countries, there seems little they can do to boost output and jobs.· As we have pointed out elsewhere, t6day the economy automatically deploys fiscal stimuli when the business cycle winds down.· The commitment also rules out any further fiscal stimulus, particularly as the budget deficit is already so high and rising fast.

► major

· The abolition of internal customs tolls in 1775 provided a major stimulus.

► other

· They can be trained to run simple mazes or to associate food with colours or other visual stimuli.

► powerful

· Using an item of costume can be a powerful stimulus to initiate dramatic play.· But it is certain that until recently a powerful stimulus was the superabundance of labour.· Fear had raised their body heat, and the scent of him was a powerful stimulus her senses responded to.· The emerging thinking among many educational theorists is that music and the other arts may provide a powerful stimulus to learning itself.

► visual

· It can also influence learned and voluntary reactions to visual stimuli when the visual cortex is absent.· The eye must be correctly connected to a brain, within a complex organism which is able to react to visual stimuli.· They can be trained to run simple mazes or to associate food with colours or other visual stimuli.· There are lots of ceramics books, postcards and other visual stimuli around the shop, too, to help the hesitant.· For example, most infants smile to visual stimuli at about 5 weeks of age.· A child presented with a visual stimulus tends to center or fix attention on a limited perceptual aspect of the stimulus.· Another response to a visual stimulus was Thomson's series of musical portraits of people such as Picasso and Aaron Copland.· There are now less visual stimuli, but it is still far too loud.

NOUN► material

· The stimulus material was a short silent comedy film made by Mack Sennet around 1925.· There are practical assignments which feature a wide variety of stimulus materials, in realistic contexts.

► package

· They wanted the stimulus package, much of which would have been spent in inner cities.· Telecommunications shares gained on expectations of earnings growth as well as the hopes for the government stimulus package.

► target

· These latter, as in Wagner's theory, will play their part in lowering the associability of the target stimulus.· Presenting the target stimulus in a new context will eliminate some sources of internal input to the stimulus.· Two groups of rats received 14 sessions of habituation training in context A with a light as the target stimulus.· Differentiation theory, by contrast, asserts that merely observing target stimuli will be enough to produce some effect.

VERB► act

· He redefined emotions as sets of bodily reactions which could, in turn, effectively act as stimuli to control further behaviour.· His opinion was that such a reduction would act as a stimulus to further development work, and recommended its immediate implementation.· When a bad habit is well established anxiety alone may act as the stimulus.· But it is unrealistic to suppose that they will act without public stimulus.

► follow

· Purkinje and hippocampal neurons are noted for their plasticity because they show long-term changes in neural transmission following certain stimulus regimes.· In operant conditioning, the response should directly follow the stimulus.

► give

· Or is it more akin to mechanics whereby a given stimulus produces an automatic response?· The encouragement given made for a great rapport with the class and gave a stimulus to improve the lectures.· National fears gave a minor stimulus to arguments for racial purity.

► need

· It needs that extra-special final stimulus.· Unlike the highly sensitive child, who is easily overwhelmed by too much stimuli, this child needs a lot of stimuli.· Rottweilers need plenty of new stimuli: rides in the car and very short walks outside the home environment.· What was needed was the necessary stimulus.· This time, they had not needed the stimulus of an aphrodisiac.

► present

· S/he then pressed the button to present the stimulus card and start the timer.· The environment presents the individual with stimuli and opportunities and also with obstacles to certain political beliefs and actions.· A child presented with a visual stimulus tends to center or fix attention on a limited perceptual aspect of the stimulus.

► produce

· All the forms of training used in the experiments described earlier in this chapter will produce stimulus differentiation.

► provide

· Arrangement of ideas on the board provides a stimulus for new ideas and lateral thinking. 4.· Watching television provides stimuli for discussion.· Project Video stimulates active language use Project Video provides a stimulus for learners to produce their own projects.· The ideas and techniques it set forth provided the initial stimulus for Romantic drama.· In addition, the clarification of such issues could well provide the initial stimulus for a whole school language policy.· The emerging thinking among many educational theorists is that music and the other arts may provide a powerful stimulus to learning itself.· Something, perhaps, about colonial vigour providing a necessary stimulus to decadent metropolitan culture?· The child's actions on the material world also provide a stimulus for conceptual development.

► react

· At the same time the sensory awareness of the organism, and its ability to react to stimuli, are also withdrawn.· The eye must be correctly connected to a brain, within a complex organism which is able to react to visual stimuli.· As a result, they do not merely react to external stimuli, they do not simply behave, they act.· Each device is an organism that reacts to stimulus and communicates with the others.· Atoms and molecules do not act in terms of meanings, they simply react to external stimuli.· People react to external stimuli and their behaviour can be explained in terms of this reaction.· There seems to be a readiness in the baby to react keenly to visual stimuli during the first few months of life.

► receive

· Education received what stimulus limited resources would allow, particularly primary education in the departments.

► respond

· This phenomenon, in which an animal responds to a repeated stimulus by eventually disregarding it, is familiar to everyone.· It is natural for human beings to avoid responding to any new stimulus unless it somehow affects them personally.· Nerve cells are excitable - that is, they respond to stimuli.· They readily respond to these stimuli, though it would be difficult to call it learning.· This shows that the time to respond to a basic stimulus is fairly small.· Alternatively, they may have been mistreated, and so only respond to that particular stimulus.· Dawn was in a deep coma, and was not responding to painful stimuli, although her pupils were not fixed.· They may be aggressive, self-abusive, and slow to move or respond to outside stimuli.

► show

· The left part of each half shows the stimulus configuration which produced the pattern of impulses shown in the right part.· What the psychologists showed was that stimulus elements in groups had properties not present in the individual elements.

► use

· We do not attribute awareness to other species which obviously use similar private stimuli.· However, such interaction is more effectively used in the drinking stimulus portion of the scenes than in the sensitization portion.· However, lectures can be used as a stimulus, to present an overall view and to convey enthusiasm about the subject.· They can be used for stimulus variation and they do reduce glare.· Where Pavlov used pleasant stimuli, others have used unpleasant ones such as electric shocks.· A third, and crucially important, experiment involved using external stimuli to influence the content of dreaming itself.

单词	stimulus
释义	stimulusstim‧u‧lus /ˈstɪmjələs/ ●○○ noun (plural stimuli /-laɪ/) Word Origin WORD ORIGINstimulus Origin: 1600-1700 Latin ‘sharp stick for making animals move’ Examples EXAMPLES FROM OTHER DICTIONARIES Tax cuts provided the stimulus the slow economy needed. The appointment of a new director gave the project immediate stimulus. The surge in new housing construction ought to provide a stimulus to the economy. EXAMPLES FROM THE CORPUS A child presented with a visual stimulus tends to center or fix attention on a limited perceptual aspect of the stimulus. As we have seen, the stimulus given to the economy by Emancipation was at first limited. Elders are not passive objects merely conditioned by stimuli from society or their body. How do employers react to the supposed increased willingness of workers to offer more labour services resulting from a monetary stimulus? Table 5 shows the results of a t-test between a stimulus and the value 0.5. They wanted the stimulus package, much of which would have been spent in inner cities. With sufficient training, however, both stimuli will lose the ability to evoke attention. Thesaurus Longman Language Activatorsomething that makes something else happen► cause · Doctors cannot find a cure for the illness until they have identified the cause.cause of · Investigators are still trying to determine the cause of the accident.root cause (=basic cause) · The root cause of the current energy crisis is that we simply use too much energy. ► factor one of several causes of a situation or condition: · The price of insurance depends on several factors, including the age of the car.factor in: · His girlfriend lives in London and I'm sure that was a factor in his decision to move there.key factor (=very important factor): · Money will be the key factor when we decide to buy a new house.deciding/determining factor (=the thing that finally makes something happen): · Race should never be a deciding factor in a hiring decision. ► reason the thing or one of the things that makes you decide to do something or makes something happen: · "Why are you helping her?" "She asked me to. That's the only reason."· The main reason she quit is that she was not being paid enough.reason for/behind: · Can anyone explain the reason for the delay?· There were two reasons behind the company's failure.reason why/(that): · The reason why the economy is growing more slowly is a lack of workers.reason to do something: · There's no reason to doubt what she says. ► origins the first causes from which a situation, condition etc has developed: origins of: · The origins of the crisis were very complex.· Other cultures' beliefs about the origins of disease often differ from our own.have origins in: · Many of our attitudes to the issue of race have their origins in the colonialism of days gone by. ► root the main or most important cause of a situation or condition: root of: · The roots of the wars in the Balkans go back hundreds of years.get to the root of something (=discover the most important cause): · We need to get to the root of the problem. ► stimulus an event, action, or situation that helps a process to develop more quickly: · The appointment of a new director gave the project immediate stimulus.stimulus to: · The surge in new housing construction ought to provide a stimulus to the economy. ► impetus an event, action, or situation that helps something to develop more quickly: impetus for/behind: · The impetus for change in the industry was provided by a new management team.· Press criticism has been the main impetus behind the government reforms.give impetus to something: · The Surgeon General's speech will give new impetus to the anti-smoking campaign. WORD SETS► Biology aerobic, adjectiveafterbirth, nounalgae, nounalimentary canal, nounamber, nounameba, nounamino acid, nounamoeba, nounanaconda, nounanaerobic, adjectiveandrogynous, adjectiveantibody, nounantigen, nounantitoxin, nounappendage, nounarm, nounarmour, nounasexual, adjectiveassimilation, nounatrophy, verbaviary, nounbacteria, nounbacteriology, nounbarnacle, nounbile, nounbinocular vision, nounbio-, prefixbiochemistry, nounbiodegradable, adjectivebiodiversity, nounbiohazard, nounbiological, adjectivebiological clock, nounbiology, nounbiomass, nounbiome, nounbiosphere, nounblind, nounbrain, nounbreathe, verbbreed, verbbreed, nounbreeding, nounbristle, nounbulb, nouncapsule, nouncarbohydrate, nouncarbon dioxide, nouncarnivore, nouncell, nouncellular, adjectivecellulose, nouncentral nervous system, nouncervical, adjectivecholesterol, nounchromosome, nouncirculation, nouncirculatory, adjectiveclass, nounclone, nouncold-blooded, adjectiveconceive, verbconch, nounconnective tissue, nouncopulate, verbcoral reef, nouncornea, nouncoronary, adjectivecorpuscle, nouncortex, nouncortisone, nouncowrie, nouncrab, nouncrawfish, nouncrayfish, nouncreature, nouncross, verbcrossbreed, nounculture, nouncytoplasm, noundecay, verbdecay, noundecompose, verbdefecate, verbdenizen, noundextrose, noundiaphragm, noundigest, verbdigestion, noundigestive, adjectiveDNA, noundorsal, adjectivedry rot, nounduct, noundwarf, noundwarf, adjectiveecological, adjectiveecology, nounecosystem, nounegg, nounejaculate, verbembryo, nounembryonic, adjectiveenzyme, nounepidermis, nounevolution, nounevolutionary, adjectiveexcrement, nounexcrescence, nounexcrete, verbexcretion, nounexhale, verbexoskeleton, nounextinction, nounfaeces, nounfamily, nounfang, nounfat, nounfatty acid, nounfauna, nounfeces, nounfeed, verbfemale, adjectivefemale, nounferment, verbferment, nounfertile, adjectivefertility, nounfertilize, verbfission, nounflank, nounflatulence, nounflesh, nounfleshy, adjectiveflightless, adjectiveflora, nounfoetal, adjectivefoetus, nounfoliage, nounfossil, nounfreak, nounfreshwater, adjectivefructose, noungamete, nounganglion, noungene, noungene pool, noungenera, genetic, adjectivegenetic code, noungenetic engineering, noungenetic fingerprinting, noungenetics, noungenome, noungenus, noungestation, noungland, nounglandular, adjectiveglucose, noungluten, noungonad, noungrass snake, noungrow, verbgrowth, nounhabitat, nounhaemoglobin, nounhearing, nounheart, nounhemisphere, nounherbivore, nounhereditary, adjectiveheredity, nounhermaphrodite, nounhibernate, verbhistamine, nounhoming, adjectivehormone, nounhost, nounimpregnate, verbimpulse, nounincubate, verbindigenous, adjectiveinfected, adjectiveinfertile, adjectiveinfest, verbingest, verbinhale, verbinseminate, verbinsensate, adjectiveinsulin, nounintegument, nounintercourse, nouninterferon, nounintestine, nouninvertebrate, nouninvoluntary, adjectiveiris, nounjaw, nounjelly, nounkidney, nounkrill, nounlactate, verblactation, nounlactic acid, nounleech, nounleg, nounlesser, adjectivelichen, nounlife, nounlife cycle, nounlife form, nounligament, nounlimb, nounlimpet, nounlipid, nounliver, nounliving fossil, nounlocomotion, nounlymph, nounlymph node, nounmale, adjectivemale, nounmammal, nounmandible, nounmate, nounmate, verbmembrane, nounmetabolism, nounmetabolize, verbmetamorphosis, nounmicrobe, nounmicrobiology, nounmicroorganism, nounmicroscopic, adjectivemigrate, verbmigratory, adjectivemiscarriage, nounmolar, nounmorphology, nounmotor, adjectivemould, nounmouth, nounmucous membrane, nounmucus, nounmulticellular, adjectivemuscle, nounmuscular, adjectivemutant, nounmutate, verbmutation, nounnatural history, nounnatural selection, nounnature, nounneck, nounnectar, nounnerve, nounnervous, adjectivenervous system, nounneural, adjectiveneuro-, prefixneurology, nounnode, nounnose, nounnostril, nounnucleic acid, nounnucleus, nounnutrient, nounnutriment, nounoesophagus, nounoestrogen, nounolfactory, adjectiveoptic, adjectiveorgan, nounorganic, adjectiveorganic chemistry, nounorganism, nounorifice, nounossify, verbosteo-, prefixoutgrowth, nounova, ovary, nounoverwinter, verboviduct, nounoviparous, adjectiveovulate, verbovum, nounparasite, nounpathogen, nounpedigree, nounpelvic, adjectivepelvis, nounpenile, adjectivepenis, nounpepsin, nounperiod, nounperspiration, nounperspire, verbphotosynthesis, nounphylum, nounpigment, nounpigmentation, nounplankton, nounplasma, nounpollinate, verbpostnatal, adjectivepregnancy, nounpregnant, adjectivepremature, adjectiveprenatal, adjectiveproduct, nounproliferation, nounpropagate, verbprotein, nounprotoplasm, nounprotozoan, nounpuberty, nounpulmonary, adjectivepulp, nounpulsation, nounputrefy, verbputrid, adjectivered blood cell, nounregurgitate, verbrenal, adjectivereproduce, verbreproduction, nounreproductive, adjectiverespiration, nounrespiratory, adjectiverespire, verbretina, nounroot, nounrot, verbrot, nounruff, nounsac, nounsaliva, nounsalivary gland, nounsalivate, verbsaltwater, adjectivescale, nounscallop, nounscaly, adjectivesebaceous, adjectivesecrete, verbsecretion, nounsemen, nounsense organ, nounsensory, adjectiveserum, nounsex, nounsex, verbsexless, adjectivesexual intercourse, nounsheath, nounshell, nounsibling, nounskeletal, adjectiveskeleton, nounskin, nounskull, nounspasm, nounspasmodic, adjectivespecies, nounspecimen, nounsperm, nounspiderweb, nounspinal cord, nounspine, nounspineless, adjectivestarch, nounstem cell, nounstimulate, verbstimulus, nounstrain, nounsubject, nounsubspecies, nounsucker, nounsucrose, nounsweat, verbsweat, nounsweat gland, nounsymbiosis, nounsystemic, adjectivetail, nountaxonomy, nounteeth, testosterone, nountest-tube baby, nountissue, nountrachea, nountube, noununicellular, adjectiveurethra, nounuric, adjectiveurinate, verburine, nounvariety, nounvector, nounvein, nounvenom, nounvenomous, adjectiveventricle, nounvertebra, nounvertebrate, nounvivisection, nounwarm-blooded, adjectivewean, verbwildlife, nounwindpipe, nounyolk, noun Collocations COLLOCATIONS FROM THE CORPUSADJECTIVE► different · Four different sets of stimuli were used.· A set of mime sketches under the title Speak Easy provide a different kind of stimulus to oral production. ► external · As a result, they do not merely react to external stimuli, they do not simply behave, they act.· The trigger is usually some external stimulus, not necessarily an obvious one.· They give rise to behavioural responses to external stimuli that are enduring and consistent within a person's psychological constitution.· In the same way, external stimuli become incorporated into dreams in order to reduce their arousing effect.· Cognitive social psychologists assume that it is pan of human nature to reduce uncertainty by processing the external stimulus world through schemata.· In the past century the institutions and the external stimuli affecting the relation between finance and industry have been chopped and changed.· We do not initiate action; we react to a series of external stimuli.· More significantly, he also realized that this electrical activity was affected by external stimuli falling on the sense organs. ► fiscal · With no room for a fiscal stimulus in most countries, there seems little they can do to boost output and jobs.· As we have pointed out elsewhere, t6day the economy automatically deploys fiscal stimuli when the business cycle winds down.· The commitment also rules out any further fiscal stimulus, particularly as the budget deficit is already so high and rising fast. ► major · The abolition of internal customs tolls in 1775 provided a major stimulus. ► other · They can be trained to run simple mazes or to associate food with colours or other visual stimuli. ► powerful · Using an item of costume can be a powerful stimulus to initiate dramatic play.· But it is certain that until recently a powerful stimulus was the superabundance of labour.· Fear had raised their body heat, and the scent of him was a powerful stimulus her senses responded to.· The emerging thinking among many educational theorists is that music and the other arts may provide a powerful stimulus to learning itself. ► visual · It can also influence learned and voluntary reactions to visual stimuli when the visual cortex is absent.· The eye must be correctly connected to a brain, within a complex organism which is able to react to visual stimuli.· They can be trained to run simple mazes or to associate food with colours or other visual stimuli.· There are lots of ceramics books, postcards and other visual stimuli around the shop, too, to help the hesitant.· For example, most infants smile to visual stimuli at about 5 weeks of age.· A child presented with a visual stimulus tends to center or fix attention on a limited perceptual aspect of the stimulus.· Another response to a visual stimulus was Thomson's series of musical portraits of people such as Picasso and Aaron Copland.· There are now less visual stimuli, but it is still far too loud. NOUN► material · The stimulus material was a short silent comedy film made by Mack Sennet around 1925.· There are practical assignments which feature a wide variety of stimulus materials, in realistic contexts. ► package · They wanted the stimulus package, much of which would have been spent in inner cities.· Telecommunications shares gained on expectations of earnings growth as well as the hopes for the government stimulus package. ► target · These latter, as in Wagner's theory, will play their part in lowering the associability of the target stimulus.· Presenting the target stimulus in a new context will eliminate some sources of internal input to the stimulus.· Two groups of rats received 14 sessions of habituation training in context A with a light as the target stimulus.· Differentiation theory, by contrast, asserts that merely observing target stimuli will be enough to produce some effect. VERB► act · He redefined emotions as sets of bodily reactions which could, in turn, effectively act as stimuli to control further behaviour.· His opinion was that such a reduction would act as a stimulus to further development work, and recommended its immediate implementation.· When a bad habit is well established anxiety alone may act as the stimulus.· But it is unrealistic to suppose that they will act without public stimulus. ► follow · Purkinje and hippocampal neurons are noted for their plasticity because they show long-term changes in neural transmission following certain stimulus regimes.· In operant conditioning, the response should directly follow the stimulus. ► give · Or is it more akin to mechanics whereby a given stimulus produces an automatic response?· The encouragement given made for a great rapport with the class and gave a stimulus to improve the lectures.· National fears gave a minor stimulus to arguments for racial purity. ► need · It needs that extra-special final stimulus.· Unlike the highly sensitive child, who is easily overwhelmed by too much stimuli, this child needs a lot of stimuli.· Rottweilers need plenty of new stimuli: rides in the car and very short walks outside the home environment.· What was needed was the necessary stimulus.· This time, they had not needed the stimulus of an aphrodisiac. ► present · S/he then pressed the button to present the stimulus card and start the timer.· The environment presents the individual with stimuli and opportunities and also with obstacles to certain political beliefs and actions.· A child presented with a visual stimulus tends to center or fix attention on a limited perceptual aspect of the stimulus. ► produce · All the forms of training used in the experiments described earlier in this chapter will produce stimulus differentiation. ► provide · Arrangement of ideas on the board provides a stimulus for new ideas and lateral thinking. 4.· Watching television provides stimuli for discussion.· Project Video stimulates active language use Project Video provides a stimulus for learners to produce their own projects.· The ideas and techniques it set forth provided the initial stimulus for Romantic drama.· In addition, the clarification of such issues could well provide the initial stimulus for a whole school language policy.· The emerging thinking among many educational theorists is that music and the other arts may provide a powerful stimulus to learning itself.· Something, perhaps, about colonial vigour providing a necessary stimulus to decadent metropolitan culture?· The child's actions on the material world also provide a stimulus for conceptual development. ► react · At the same time the sensory awareness of the organism, and its ability to react to stimuli, are also withdrawn.· The eye must be correctly connected to a brain, within a complex organism which is able to react to visual stimuli.· As a result, they do not merely react to external stimuli, they do not simply behave, they act.· Each device is an organism that reacts to stimulus and communicates with the others.· Atoms and molecules do not act in terms of meanings, they simply react to external stimuli.· People react to external stimuli and their behaviour can be explained in terms of this reaction.· There seems to be a readiness in the baby to react keenly to visual stimuli during the first few months of life. ► receive · Education received what stimulus limited resources would allow, particularly primary education in the departments. ► respond · This phenomenon, in which an animal responds to a repeated stimulus by eventually disregarding it, is familiar to everyone.· It is natural for human beings to avoid responding to any new stimulus unless it somehow affects them personally.· Nerve cells are excitable - that is, they respond to stimuli.· They readily respond to these stimuli, though it would be difficult to call it learning.· This shows that the time to respond to a basic stimulus is fairly small.· Alternatively, they may have been mistreated, and so only respond to that particular stimulus.· Dawn was in a deep coma, and was not responding to painful stimuli, although her pupils were not fixed.· They may be aggressive, self-abusive, and slow to move or respond to outside stimuli. ► show · The left part of each half shows the stimulus configuration which produced the pattern of impulses shown in the right part.· What the psychologists showed was that stimulus elements in groups had properties not present in the individual elements. ► use · We do not attribute awareness to other species which obviously use similar private stimuli.· However, such interaction is more effectively used in the drinking stimulus portion of the scenes than in the sensitization portion.· However, lectures can be used as a stimulus, to present an overall view and to convey enthusiasm about the subject.· They can be used for stimulus variation and they do reduce glare.· Where Pavlov used pleasant stimuli, others have used unpleasant ones such as electric shocks.· A third, and crucially important, experiment involved using external stimuli to influence the content of dreaming itself. 1[countable usually singular, uncountable] something that helps a process to develop more quickly or more strongly: Tax cuts provided the stimulus which the slow economy needed.stimulus to The discovery of oil acted as a stimulus to industrial development.2[countable] something that makes someone or something move or react: At this age, the infant begins to react more to visual stimuli.
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