英语词汇“bowel”的英英意思、用法、释义、翻译、读音、例句、短语、词组-英语词典

WORD ORIGINbowel

Origin:

1200-1300 Old French boel, from Medieval Latin botellus, from Latin botulus; ➔ BOTULISM

EXAMPLES FROM THE CORPUS

Disease activity must therefore be derived from the degree of abnormal bowel uptake on abdominal scans.
Five or six bowel movements a day were not uncommon.
Furthermore, respiratory and bowel motion cause movement artefacts that frequently degrade the image.
He feels his way through the bowels of the city, conscious of the weight of civilisation above him.
Patients often misinterpret their bowel action as well.
Persistent infection with adenovirus 12 has not been detected in the small bowel of patients with coeliac disease.
Platelet activating factor causes gastrointestinal mucosal injury and ischemic bowel necrosis.
Rises in whole body turnover rates have also been seen in patients with inflammatory bowel disease.

WORD SETS► Human

AB, nounabdomen, nounaccommodation, nounAchilles tendon, nounAdam's apple, nounadaptation, nounadenoids, nounadrenalin, nounairway, nounambidextrous, adjectiveanatomical, adjectiveankle, nounantibody, nounantigen, nounanus, nounanvil, nounaorta, nounappendix, nounarch, nounarmpit, nounarterial, adjectiveartery, nounatrium, nounbaby tooth, nounback, nounbackbone, nounbandy, adjectivebarrel-chested, adjectivebeat, verbbelly, nounbelly button, nounbicep, nounbig toe, nounbikini line, nounbile, nounbiological clock, nounbiorhythms, nounbiped, nounbladder, nounblind spot, nounblink, verbblink, nounblood count, nounblood group, nounblood pressure, nounbloodstream, nounblood type, nounblood vessel, nounBO, nounbody clock, nounbody odour, nounbone, nounbone marrow, nounbowel, nounbow legs, nounbrain, nounbrainwave, nounbreast, nounbreastbone, nounbristly, adjectivebronchial, adjectivebronchial tube, nounbrow, nounbuck teeth, nounbullnecked, adjectiveburp, verbbust, nounbuttock, nouncanine, nouncapillary, nouncardiac, adjectivecardio-, prefixcardiovascular, adjectivecarotid artery, nouncartilage, nouncentral nervous system, nouncerebellum, nouncerebral, adjectivecervical, adjectivecervix, nounchamber, nounchange of life, nouncheek, nouncheekbone, nounchest, nounchin, nouncirculation, nounclavicle, nouncleavage, nounclitoris, nounclose-set, adjectivecoccyx, nouncochlea, nouncock, nouncollarbone, nouncolon, nouncolour, nouncolour-blind, adjectiveconception, nouncone, nounconnective tissue, nouncoordination, nouncornea, nouncortex, nouncough, verbcough, nouncowlick, nouncranium, nouncrook, verbcrotch, nouncrow's feet, nouncrutch, nouncry, verbcuticle, noundandruff, noundeep-set, adjectivedefecate, verbdefence mechanism, noundental, adjectivedentine, nounderrière, noundiaphragm, noundigit, noundigital, adjectivedimple, noundisc, noundominant, adjectivedouble-jointed, adjectivedribble, verbdrool, verbduct, nounduodenum, nounear, nouneardrum, nounearhole, nounegg, nounejaculate, verbelbow, nounenamel, nounendocrine, adjectiveentrails, nounepidermis, nounepiglottis, nounerect, adjectiveerection, nounerogenous zone, nounexcrement, nounexcreta, nounexcrete, verbexcretion, nounexpectorate, verbextremity, nouneye, nouneyebrow, nouneyelash, nouneyelid, nouneyesight, nouneye tooth, nounface, nounfallopian tube, nounfart, verbfart, nounfemur, nounfibre, nounfibula, nounfigure, nounfingernail, nounfingertip, nounfist, nounfive o'clock shadow, nounflat-chested, adjectivefoetal position, nounfolic acid, nounfollicle, nounforearm, nounforefinger, nounforehead, nounforeskin, nounframe, nounfunny bone, noungall bladder, noungallstone, noungastric, adjectivegenital, adjectivegenitals, noungland, nounglottis, noungonad, noungrey matter, noungroin, nounG-spot, noungullet, noungum, nounhair, nounhairless, adjectivehairy, adjectivehammer, nounhamstring, nounhand, nounhand-eye co-ordination, nounhandlebar moustache, nounhead, nounheart, nounheel, nounhiccup, nounhiccup, verbhip, nounHomo sapiens, nounhumerus, nounhymen, nounimmune, adjectiveimmune system, nounimmunity, nouninbred, adjectiveincisor, nounindex finger, nouninherit, verbinstep, nounintestine, nounin vitro fertilization, nouniris, nounIVF, nounjaw, nounjawbone, nounjowl, nounkidney, nounknee, nounknee cap, nounknuckle, nounlap, nounlarge intestine, nounlarynx, nounlash, nounlaugh lines, nounlaughter lines, nounleft-handed, adjectivelefty, nounlens, nounlid, nounlifeblood, nounligament, nounlip, nounlittle finger, nounliver, nounlobe, nounlong-sighted, adjectivelumbar, adjectivelung, nounlymph, nounlymph node, nounmammary, adjectivemammary gland, nounmanual, adjectivemarrow, nounmasticate, verbmatrix, nounmelanin, nounmelatonin, nounmember, nounmenopause, nounmenses, nounmenstrual, adjectivemenstrual period, nounmenstruate, verbmiddle ear, nounmiddle finger, nounmidget, nounmidriff, nounmilk tooth, nounmind, nounmolar, nounmucous membrane, nounmuscle, nounnail, nounnape, nounnasal, adjectivenavel, nounnervous, adjectiveneurology, nounneuron, nounniacin, nounnipple, nounnode, nounnodule, nounnostril, nounocular, adjectiveoesophagus, nounoral, adjectiveovary, nounoverbite, nounoviduct, nounpalate, nounpalm, nounpalpitate, verbpalpitations, nounpancreas, nounpassage, nounpatella, nounpectorals, nounpelvic, adjectivepelvis, nounpenetrate, verbpepsin, nounperiod, nounperiod pain, nounperspiration, nounperspire, verbphallus, nounpharynx, nounphlegm, nounphysical, adjectivephysiognomy, nounphysiology, nounphysique, nounpigeon-toed, adjectivepit, nounpituitary, nounplacenta, nounplasma, nounplatelet, nounpore, nounpotbelly, nounpremenstrual, adjectiveprepubescent, adjectivepressure point, nounprimal, adjectiveprivate parts, nounprognathous, adjectiveprostate, nounpuberty, nounpubescent, adjectivepubic, adjectivepudendum, nounpulmonary, adjectivepulp, nounpulse, nounpupil, nounquad, nounquadruplet, nounquin, nounquintuplet, nounradius, nounreceptor, nounrecessive, adjectiverectal, adjectiverectum, nounred blood cell, nounREM sleep, nounrenal, adjectiveretina, nounRhesus factor, nounRH factor, nounrib, nounrib cage, nounright, adjectiveright-handed, adjectiveright-hander, nounrigor mortis, nounring finger, nounrod, nounRoman nose, nounround-shouldered, adjectiverun, verbsalivary gland, nounsallow, adjectivescalp, nounscaly, adjectivescapula, nounsciatic, adjectivescrotum, nounsemen, nounseminal, adjectivesense, nounsense organ, nounsensory, adjectivesextuplet, nounshank, nounshin, nounshinbone, nounshoulder, nounshoulder blade, nounside, nounsinew, nounsinus, nounskeletal, adjectiveskull, nounsleep, verbsleep, nounsmall intestine, nounsneeze, verbsneeze, nounsnub nose, nounsnub-nosed, adjectivesoft palate, nounsolar plexus, nounsole, nounsphincter, nounspinal, adjectivespinal column, nounspine, nounspit, verbspit, nounspittle, nounspleen, nounspotty, adjectivesputum, nounsternum, nounsteroid, nounstirrup, nounstomach, nounstool, nounstubble, nounsubcutaneous, adjectivesuck, verbsuckle, verbsuckling, nounsweat gland, nounsystem, nountailbone, nountan, verbtan, nountanned, adjectivetarsus, nountartar, nountaste bud, nountear, nounteardrop, nounteat, nountemple, nountendon, nountestes, nountesticle, nountestis, nountestosterone, nounthickset, adjectivethigh, nounthorax, nounthroat, nounthumb, nounthumbnail, nounthyroid, nountibia, nounticklish, adjectivetoe, nountoenail, nountongue, nountonsil, nountooth, nountorso, nountouch, nountrachea, nountriceps, nountrunk, nountympanum, nounulna, nounumbilical cord, nounurethra, nounuterus, nounuvula, nounvagina, nounvascular, adjectivevein, nounvenous, adjectiveventricle, nounvessel, nounvestibule, nounvital, adjectivevocal cords, nounvoice box, nounvulva, nounwaist, nounwall-eyed, adjectivewax, nounwhite, nounwhite blood cell, nounwindpipe, nounwisdom tooth, nounwomb, nounwrinkle, verbwrist, nounyawn, verbyawn, noun

COLLOCATIONS FROM THE ENTRY► move/empty/open your bowels

(=get rid of solid waste from your body)

► the bowels of the earth

(=deep under the ground)

COLLOCATIONS FROM THE CORPUSADJECTIVE► active

· This review examines the evidence that abnormal oxidative metabolism is of central importance to active inflammatory bowel disease.

► chronic

· A gluten-free diet could be tried by anyone with chronic bowel problems.· Introduction Familial occurrence of chronic inflammatory bowel disease has been reported in several studies during the past decades.· Design - Cross sectional population based survey of familial occurrence of chronic inflammatory bowel disease.

► inflammatory

· However, Tsuchiya etal have described an association between thymic abnormalities and inflammatory bowel disease.· Furthermore, cultured mononuclear cells isolated from inflammatory bowel disease mucosa spontaneously secrete large amounts of IgG.· These results confirm increased macrophage activation in inflammatory bowel disease and suggest functional heterogeneity within the intestinal macrophage population.· Introduction Familial occurrence of chronic inflammatory bowel disease has been reported in several studies during the past decades.· Nevertheless the absence of recurrence during long term follow up will be required to exclude underlying idiopathic inflammatory bowel disease.· This case supports the theory that functional disturbances of the thymus may have a role in the pathogenesis of inflammatory bowel disease.· Patients with gall stones or established inflammatory bowel disease were excluded.· Pronounced changes have been found in gut neuropeptides in patients with inflammatory bowel disease.

► irritable

· The physiological significance of the findings in diarrhoea predominant irritable bowel syndrome patients, which were contrary to expectation, is unknown.· The first four symptoms encompass the six Manning criteria for diagnosing irritable bowel syndrome.· It is not difficult to imagine how a disorder such as irritable bowel syndrome could affect a patient psychologically.· An extra tablespoon sprinkled over the breakfast cereal can help control irritable bowel syndrome, piles, appendicitis and bowel cancer.· This study lacked objective or prospective data and was biased by the exclusion from the controls of people with irritable bowel syndrome.· This was not necessary with irritable bowel syndrome symptoms as their prevalence does not change with age in this population.· It also inhibits motor activity induced by rectal distention and increases sensory thresholds for defaecation in patients with the irritable bowel syndrome.· The same drug given intravenously prevents the postprandial increase in sigmoid segmenting pressure activity in patients with irritable bowel syndrome.

► large

· This suggests a discrepancy in absorption in both the large and small bowel.· Populations at risk for the development of large bowel cancer are also generally at higher risk for development of coronary heart disease.· A range of genetic alterations have recently been described in colorectal cancer and its benign precursor, the large bowel adenoma.· One of these combinations is p53 and c-ras, both frequently activated in large bowel cancers.· Molecular biology of colorectal neoplasia Large bowel cancer is a major cause of morbidity and mortality in the western world.· People who harbour sulphate reducing bacteria in their large bowel have higher levels of sulphide in their faeces than methanogenic subjects.· Discussion Overexpression and mutation of the p53 gene is now well described in large bowel cancer.· There are various ways in which fibre-depleted foods are now thought to be linked with cancer of the large bowel.

► normal

· After a week or so of this high fibre diet, your constipation should ease and your normal bowel habits return.· Effective H 2 disposal during fermentation is essential for normal large bowel function.· It takes some weeks for the normal bowel bacteria to adjust.· All were of normal body weight, taking a normal diet, and had a normal bowel habit.· All of them eventually died of cardiac failure without the return to normal bowel function.· A normal bowel pattern was accomplished first then toilet training was restarted.

► small

· A small bowel enema examination was normal.· Particular attention must be paid to gastrointestinal drainage tubes since pancreatic and small bowel secretions are rich in bicarbonate.· This suggests a discrepancy in absorption in both the large and small bowel.· Gastric acid is the primary barrier against orally ingested enteric pathogens, and a major regulator of small bowel flora.· A small bowel barium meal and colonoscopy were performed in eight cases and gastric endosonography was performed in one patient.· Data relating to morphogenesis by small bowel isolates of later development, are limited.· This is a high amplitude burst of contractions that start in the stomach and are propagated distally into the lower small bowel.

NOUN► action

· Patients often misinterpret their bowel action as well.· The number of bowel actions each week was calculated.· The number of bowel actions in each three day faecal collection was also recorded.· Except for the frequency of bowel actions, there was no difference in gastrointestinal symptoms between the patients and controls.

► cancer

· Populations at risk for the development of large bowel cancer are also generally at higher risk for development of coronary heart disease.· An extra tablespoon sprinkled over the breakfast cereal can help control irritable bowel syndrome, piles, appendicitis and bowel cancer.· One of these combinations is p53 and c-ras, both frequently activated in large bowel cancers.· Molecular biology of colorectal neoplasia Large bowel cancer is a major cause of morbidity and mortality in the western world.· Discussion Overexpression and mutation of the p53 gene is now well described in large bowel cancer.· Patients 102, 205, 206, 304, and 305 died from bowel cancer associated with multiple polyps.· Elizabeth Harrison had extensive surgery for bowel cancer.· Nineth five percent of large bowel cancers showing loss of heterozygosity for 17p alleles also contain a point mutation.

► disease

· However, Tsuchiya etal have described an association between thymic abnormalities and inflammatory bowel disease.· The mode of action of 5ASA and 4ASA in inflammatory bowel disease is unknown.· Introduction Familial occurrence of chronic inflammatory bowel disease has been reported in several studies during the past decades.· A disturbance in immunoregulatory control has long been suspected to play a major role in the pathogenesis of inflammatory bowel disease.· Nevertheless the absence of recurrence during long term follow up will be required to exclude underlying idiopathic inflammatory bowel disease.· Six Crohn's disease cultures and a single non-inflammatory bowel disease control were positive for M paratuberculosis.· Patients with gall stones or established inflammatory bowel disease were excluded.· In our previous study, 34 monozygotic pairs with inflammatory bowel disease were found.

► function

· Prevention New parents may need some information in understanding the developmental progress of bowel function.· Therefore, comparisons of bowel function and transit time were made separately in the two age groups.· There is evidence, however, that the two operations do not differ in their effects on bowel function.· He was embarrassed about the nature of his illness and reluctant to discuss his bowel function with anyone, especially young women.· One of the most distressing aspects of spinal injury is an inability to regulate bowel function.· Effective H 2 disposal during fermentation is essential for normal large bowel function.· Assists in maintaining proper bowel function and affords protection against diverticulosis, haemorrhoids and varicose veins.· All of them eventually died of cardiac failure without the return to normal bowel function.

► habit

· The genesis of abdominal pain or disordered bowel habit is generally ascribed to abnormal colonic motor function.· Changes in bowel habit may indicate disease of the gastrointestinal tract.· We obtained supportive evidence for this explanation from a double contrast barium enema investigation of a patient complaining of changed bowel habit.· Formation of a stoma requires the patient to change his usual bowel habit.· All were of normal body weight, taking a normal diet, and had a normal bowel habit.

► movement

· They asked about his speed and his fondness for Pedigree Chum Select Cuts, and all expressed interest in his bowel movements.· Q: I have a bowel movement once a week.· The laxative dose was gradually decreased after two to three months to a dose that maintained one bowel movement daily.· The rocking also helps with blood circulation and bowel movement and with preventing calcium deposits and stones.· My, the clarity and attack of our bowel movements.· After the fire exterminated itself, I flushed the ashes down the toilet after a not-inconsiderable bowel movement.· Five or six bowel movements a day were not uncommon.· Concern about a baby's bowel movements can set the scene for concern and anxiety.

► obstruction

· She gave a two month history of symptoms typical of intermittent small bowel obstruction before requiring a limited right hemicolectomy.· He died of a bowel obstruction.· Small bowel obstruction continues to occur after this operation despite increasing experience with the procedure.· At age 20 she became pregnant and the pregnancy was complicated by episodes of small and large bowel obstruction.· Seven patients had one or more episodes of partial or complete large bowel obstruction and four others were constipated.· All the patients carried a diagnosis of chronic intestinal pseudo-obstruction based on recurrent symptoms of bowel obstruction without physical lesion.

► preparation

· One further effect worth considering is the bowel preparation before harvesting of the tissue.· All patients underwent bowel preparation and a fasting regimen before operation.· All patients received a traditional two day bowel preparation and were given clear liquids during this time.· These patients underwent a bowel preparation and fasting regimen similar to the other patients in this study.

► resection

· The antibodies were tested in specimens obtained at bowel resection from patients with Crohn's disease and controls.· Obstructive symptoms then resulted in a further small bowel resection but he did not achieve remission despite prednisolone.· Control subjects Twenty five surgical control patients, admitted for bowel resection for malignant and non-malignant conditions, were studied.

► symptom

· Ulcerative colitis may present with anaemia when bowel symptoms are mild or ignored.· They were also asked if they had ever consulted a doctor about recurrent bowel symptoms or abdominal pain.· At first there was little change, but after about three weeks his bowel symptoms were much improved.· This patient was put on a yeast-free diet, and given a second psychiatric assessment when her bowel symptoms had resolved.· No known bowel symptoms, but was never investigated.· Three patients declined to come for a check endoscopy immediately after radiotherapy as they had no bowel symptoms.· A colostomy was performed in an attempt to relieve her large bowel symptoms, and subsequently closed.· She did not return for screening until developed bowel symptoms aged 53 years.

► syndrome

► wall

· All of these treatments, however, suffer from the same inability to reach tumour outside the bowel wall.· Up to 12% of these tumours still confined to the bowel wall have already spread to regional lymph nodes.· A positive reaction was seen in the bowel wall, both in patients with Crohn's disease and in controls.· Diverticular disease is a condition of the bowel caused by abnormal activity of the bowel wall when your diet contains insufficient fibre.· In view of its poor absorption and high local concentration, its site of action seems likely to be within the bowel wall.· In addition, it is possible that colonic decompression may reduce the chance of perforation and improve blood flow to the bowel wall.

VERB► move

· You did not move your bowels at 7: 30 as I instructed.· Several days had gone by and I had not moved my bowels.

PHRASES FROM THE ENTRY► bowels► a bowel movement

Although it isn't necessary for a person to have a bowel movement every day, regular movements should be encouraged.
How often an individual has a bowel movement is related to a number of factors.
Q: I have a bowel movement once a week.
Some patients may have recorded an episode of faecal incontinence as a bowel movement, before the beginning of retraining.

► the bowels of something

Most of the supplies were stored in the bowels of the ship.
Cower in the bowels of the earth from it, and pull the bedclothes over your head.
He feels his way through the bowels of the city, conscious of the weight of civilisation above him.
The Iron Rock is a core of molten iron vomited from the bowels of the earth during some incalculably ancient upheaval.
The report calls for a new Film Office to be created somewhere deep within the bowels of the Economic Development blob itself.
Then he felt the floor tremble beneath his feet, and a deep throated rumble rose from the bowels of the building.
Thus, in the bowels of the flush toilet we see the archetype for all autonomous mechanical creatures.
When cool, the oil is poured into casks which are sealed and stowed in the bowels of the ship.
Would they find the answer down there, he thought, deep in the bowels of the ship?

单词	bowel
释义	bowelbow‧el /ˈbaʊəl/ ●○○ noun Word Origin WORD ORIGINbowel Origin: 1200-1300 Old French boel, from Medieval Latin botellus, from Latin botulus; ➔ BOTULISM Examples EXAMPLES FROM THE CORPUS Disease activity must therefore be derived from the degree of abnormal bowel uptake on abdominal scans. Five or six bowel movements a day were not uncommon. Furthermore, respiratory and bowel motion cause movement artefacts that frequently degrade the image. He feels his way through the bowels of the city, conscious of the weight of civilisation above him. Patients often misinterpret their bowel action as well. Persistent infection with adenovirus 12 has not been detected in the small bowel of patients with coeliac disease. Platelet activating factor causes gastrointestinal mucosal injury and ischemic bowel necrosis. Rises in whole body turnover rates have also been seen in patients with inflammatory bowel disease. word sets WORD SETS► Human AB, nounabdomen, nounaccommodation, nounAchilles tendon, nounAdam's apple, nounadaptation, nounadenoids, nounadrenalin, nounairway, nounambidextrous, adjectiveanatomical, adjectiveankle, nounantibody, nounantigen, nounanus, nounanvil, nounaorta, nounappendix, nounarch, nounarmpit, nounarterial, adjectiveartery, nounatrium, nounbaby tooth, nounback, nounbackbone, nounbandy, adjectivebarrel-chested, adjectivebeat, verbbelly, nounbelly button, nounbicep, nounbig toe, nounbikini line, nounbile, nounbiological clock, nounbiorhythms, nounbiped, nounbladder, nounblind spot, nounblink, verbblink, nounblood count, nounblood group, nounblood pressure, nounbloodstream, nounblood type, nounblood vessel, nounBO, nounbody clock, nounbody odour, nounbone, nounbone marrow, nounbowel, nounbow legs, nounbrain, nounbrainwave, nounbreast, nounbreastbone, nounbristly, adjectivebronchial, adjectivebronchial tube, nounbrow, nounbuck teeth, nounbullnecked, adjectiveburp, verbbust, nounbuttock, nouncanine, nouncapillary, nouncardiac, adjectivecardio-, prefixcardiovascular, adjectivecarotid artery, nouncartilage, nouncentral nervous system, nouncerebellum, nouncerebral, adjectivecervical, adjectivecervix, nounchamber, nounchange of life, nouncheek, nouncheekbone, nounchest, nounchin, nouncirculation, nounclavicle, nouncleavage, nounclitoris, nounclose-set, adjectivecoccyx, nouncochlea, nouncock, nouncollarbone, nouncolon, nouncolour, nouncolour-blind, adjectiveconception, nouncone, nounconnective tissue, nouncoordination, nouncornea, nouncortex, nouncough, verbcough, nouncowlick, nouncranium, nouncrook, verbcrotch, nouncrow's feet, nouncrutch, nouncry, verbcuticle, noundandruff, noundeep-set, adjectivedefecate, verbdefence mechanism, noundental, adjectivedentine, nounderrière, noundiaphragm, noundigit, noundigital, adjectivedimple, noundisc, noundominant, adjectivedouble-jointed, adjectivedribble, verbdrool, verbduct, nounduodenum, nounear, nouneardrum, nounearhole, nounegg, nounejaculate, verbelbow, nounenamel, nounendocrine, adjectiveentrails, nounepidermis, nounepiglottis, nounerect, adjectiveerection, nounerogenous zone, nounexcrement, nounexcreta, nounexcrete, verbexcretion, nounexpectorate, verbextremity, nouneye, nouneyebrow, nouneyelash, nouneyelid, nouneyesight, nouneye tooth, nounface, nounfallopian tube, nounfart, verbfart, nounfemur, nounfibre, nounfibula, nounfigure, nounfingernail, nounfingertip, nounfist, nounfive o'clock shadow, nounflat-chested, adjectivefoetal position, nounfolic acid, nounfollicle, nounforearm, nounforefinger, nounforehead, nounforeskin, nounframe, nounfunny bone, noungall bladder, noungallstone, noungastric, adjectivegenital, adjectivegenitals, noungland, nounglottis, noungonad, noungrey matter, noungroin, nounG-spot, noungullet, noungum, nounhair, nounhairless, adjectivehairy, adjectivehammer, nounhamstring, nounhand, nounhand-eye co-ordination, nounhandlebar moustache, nounhead, nounheart, nounheel, nounhiccup, nounhiccup, verbhip, nounHomo sapiens, nounhumerus, nounhymen, nounimmune, adjectiveimmune system, nounimmunity, nouninbred, adjectiveincisor, nounindex finger, nouninherit, verbinstep, nounintestine, nounin vitro fertilization, nouniris, nounIVF, nounjaw, nounjawbone, nounjowl, nounkidney, nounknee, nounknee cap, nounknuckle, nounlap, nounlarge intestine, nounlarynx, nounlash, nounlaugh lines, nounlaughter lines, nounleft-handed, adjectivelefty, nounlens, nounlid, nounlifeblood, nounligament, nounlip, nounlittle finger, nounliver, nounlobe, nounlong-sighted, adjectivelumbar, adjectivelung, nounlymph, nounlymph node, nounmammary, adjectivemammary gland, nounmanual, adjectivemarrow, nounmasticate, verbmatrix, nounmelanin, nounmelatonin, nounmember, nounmenopause, nounmenses, nounmenstrual, adjectivemenstrual period, nounmenstruate, verbmiddle ear, nounmiddle finger, nounmidget, nounmidriff, nounmilk tooth, nounmind, nounmolar, nounmucous membrane, nounmuscle, nounnail, nounnape, nounnasal, adjectivenavel, nounnervous, adjectiveneurology, nounneuron, nounniacin, nounnipple, nounnode, nounnodule, nounnostril, nounocular, adjectiveoesophagus, nounoral, adjectiveovary, nounoverbite, nounoviduct, nounpalate, nounpalm, nounpalpitate, verbpalpitations, nounpancreas, nounpassage, nounpatella, nounpectorals, nounpelvic, adjectivepelvis, nounpenetrate, verbpepsin, nounperiod, nounperiod pain, nounperspiration, nounperspire, verbphallus, nounpharynx, nounphlegm, nounphysical, adjectivephysiognomy, nounphysiology, nounphysique, nounpigeon-toed, adjectivepit, nounpituitary, nounplacenta, nounplasma, nounplatelet, nounpore, nounpotbelly, nounpremenstrual, adjectiveprepubescent, adjectivepressure point, nounprimal, adjectiveprivate parts, nounprognathous, adjectiveprostate, nounpuberty, nounpubescent, adjectivepubic, adjectivepudendum, nounpulmonary, adjectivepulp, nounpulse, nounpupil, nounquad, nounquadruplet, nounquin, nounquintuplet, nounradius, nounreceptor, nounrecessive, adjectiverectal, adjectiverectum, nounred blood cell, nounREM sleep, nounrenal, adjectiveretina, nounRhesus factor, nounRH factor, nounrib, nounrib cage, nounright, adjectiveright-handed, adjectiveright-hander, nounrigor mortis, nounring finger, nounrod, nounRoman nose, nounround-shouldered, adjectiverun, verbsalivary gland, nounsallow, adjectivescalp, nounscaly, adjectivescapula, nounsciatic, adjectivescrotum, nounsemen, nounseminal, adjectivesense, nounsense organ, nounsensory, adjectivesextuplet, nounshank, nounshin, nounshinbone, nounshoulder, nounshoulder blade, nounside, nounsinew, nounsinus, nounskeletal, adjectiveskull, nounsleep, verbsleep, nounsmall intestine, nounsneeze, verbsneeze, nounsnub nose, nounsnub-nosed, adjectivesoft palate, nounsolar plexus, nounsole, nounsphincter, nounspinal, adjectivespinal column, nounspine, nounspit, verbspit, nounspittle, nounspleen, nounspotty, adjectivesputum, nounsternum, nounsteroid, nounstirrup, nounstomach, nounstool, nounstubble, nounsubcutaneous, adjectivesuck, verbsuckle, verbsuckling, nounsweat gland, nounsystem, nountailbone, nountan, verbtan, nountanned, adjectivetarsus, nountartar, nountaste bud, nountear, nounteardrop, nounteat, nountemple, nountendon, nountestes, nountesticle, nountestis, nountestosterone, nounthickset, adjectivethigh, nounthorax, nounthroat, nounthumb, nounthumbnail, nounthyroid, nountibia, nounticklish, adjectivetoe, nountoenail, nountongue, nountonsil, nountooth, nountorso, nountouch, nountrachea, nountriceps, nountrunk, nountympanum, nounulna, nounumbilical cord, nounurethra, nounuterus, nounuvula, nounvagina, nounvascular, adjectivevein, nounvenous, adjectiveventricle, nounvessel, nounvestibule, nounvital, adjectivevocal cords, nounvoice box, nounvulva, nounwaist, nounwall-eyed, adjectivewax, nounwhite, nounwhite blood cell, nounwindpipe, nounwisdom tooth, nounwomb, nounwrinkle, verbwrist, nounyawn, verbyawn, noun Collocations COLLOCATIONS FROM THE ENTRY► move/empty/open your bowels (=get rid of solid waste from your body) ► the bowels of the earth (=deep under the ground) COLLOCATIONS FROM THE CORPUSADJECTIVE► active · This review examines the evidence that abnormal oxidative metabolism is of central importance to active inflammatory bowel disease. ► chronic · A gluten-free diet could be tried by anyone with chronic bowel problems.· Introduction Familial occurrence of chronic inflammatory bowel disease has been reported in several studies during the past decades.· Design - Cross sectional population based survey of familial occurrence of chronic inflammatory bowel disease. ► inflammatory · However, Tsuchiya etal have described an association between thymic abnormalities and inflammatory bowel disease.· Furthermore, cultured mononuclear cells isolated from inflammatory bowel disease mucosa spontaneously secrete large amounts of IgG.· These results confirm increased macrophage activation in inflammatory bowel disease and suggest functional heterogeneity within the intestinal macrophage population.· Introduction Familial occurrence of chronic inflammatory bowel disease has been reported in several studies during the past decades.· Nevertheless the absence of recurrence during long term follow up will be required to exclude underlying idiopathic inflammatory bowel disease.· This case supports the theory that functional disturbances of the thymus may have a role in the pathogenesis of inflammatory bowel disease.· Patients with gall stones or established inflammatory bowel disease were excluded.· Pronounced changes have been found in gut neuropeptides in patients with inflammatory bowel disease. ► irritable · The physiological significance of the findings in diarrhoea predominant irritable bowel syndrome patients, which were contrary to expectation, is unknown.· The first four symptoms encompass the six Manning criteria for diagnosing irritable bowel syndrome.· It is not difficult to imagine how a disorder such as irritable bowel syndrome could affect a patient psychologically.· An extra tablespoon sprinkled over the breakfast cereal can help control irritable bowel syndrome, piles, appendicitis and bowel cancer.· This study lacked objective or prospective data and was biased by the exclusion from the controls of people with irritable bowel syndrome.· This was not necessary with irritable bowel syndrome symptoms as their prevalence does not change with age in this population.· It also inhibits motor activity induced by rectal distention and increases sensory thresholds for defaecation in patients with the irritable bowel syndrome.· The same drug given intravenously prevents the postprandial increase in sigmoid segmenting pressure activity in patients with irritable bowel syndrome. ► large · This suggests a discrepancy in absorption in both the large and small bowel.· Populations at risk for the development of large bowel cancer are also generally at higher risk for development of coronary heart disease.· A range of genetic alterations have recently been described in colorectal cancer and its benign precursor, the large bowel adenoma.· One of these combinations is p53 and c-ras, both frequently activated in large bowel cancers.· Molecular biology of colorectal neoplasia Large bowel cancer is a major cause of morbidity and mortality in the western world.· People who harbour sulphate reducing bacteria in their large bowel have higher levels of sulphide in their faeces than methanogenic subjects.· Discussion Overexpression and mutation of the p53 gene is now well described in large bowel cancer.· There are various ways in which fibre-depleted foods are now thought to be linked with cancer of the large bowel. ► normal · After a week or so of this high fibre diet, your constipation should ease and your normal bowel habits return.· Effective H 2 disposal during fermentation is essential for normal large bowel function.· It takes some weeks for the normal bowel bacteria to adjust.· All were of normal body weight, taking a normal diet, and had a normal bowel habit.· All of them eventually died of cardiac failure without the return to normal bowel function.· A normal bowel pattern was accomplished first then toilet training was restarted. ► small · A small bowel enema examination was normal.· Particular attention must be paid to gastrointestinal drainage tubes since pancreatic and small bowel secretions are rich in bicarbonate.· This suggests a discrepancy in absorption in both the large and small bowel.· Gastric acid is the primary barrier against orally ingested enteric pathogens, and a major regulator of small bowel flora.· A small bowel barium meal and colonoscopy were performed in eight cases and gastric endosonography was performed in one patient.· Data relating to morphogenesis by small bowel isolates of later development, are limited.· This is a high amplitude burst of contractions that start in the stomach and are propagated distally into the lower small bowel. NOUN► action · Patients often misinterpret their bowel action as well.· The number of bowel actions each week was calculated.· The number of bowel actions in each three day faecal collection was also recorded.· Except for the frequency of bowel actions, there was no difference in gastrointestinal symptoms between the patients and controls. ► cancer · Populations at risk for the development of large bowel cancer are also generally at higher risk for development of coronary heart disease.· An extra tablespoon sprinkled over the breakfast cereal can help control irritable bowel syndrome, piles, appendicitis and bowel cancer.· One of these combinations is p53 and c-ras, both frequently activated in large bowel cancers.· Molecular biology of colorectal neoplasia Large bowel cancer is a major cause of morbidity and mortality in the western world.· Discussion Overexpression and mutation of the p53 gene is now well described in large bowel cancer.· Patients 102, 205, 206, 304, and 305 died from bowel cancer associated with multiple polyps.· Elizabeth Harrison had extensive surgery for bowel cancer.· Nineth five percent of large bowel cancers showing loss of heterozygosity for 17p alleles also contain a point mutation. ► disease · However, Tsuchiya etal have described an association between thymic abnormalities and inflammatory bowel disease.· The mode of action of 5ASA and 4ASA in inflammatory bowel disease is unknown.· Introduction Familial occurrence of chronic inflammatory bowel disease has been reported in several studies during the past decades.· A disturbance in immunoregulatory control has long been suspected to play a major role in the pathogenesis of inflammatory bowel disease.· Nevertheless the absence of recurrence during long term follow up will be required to exclude underlying idiopathic inflammatory bowel disease.· Six Crohn's disease cultures and a single non-inflammatory bowel disease control were positive for M paratuberculosis.· Patients with gall stones or established inflammatory bowel disease were excluded.· In our previous study, 34 monozygotic pairs with inflammatory bowel disease were found. ► function · Prevention New parents may need some information in understanding the developmental progress of bowel function.· Therefore, comparisons of bowel function and transit time were made separately in the two age groups.· There is evidence, however, that the two operations do not differ in their effects on bowel function.· He was embarrassed about the nature of his illness and reluctant to discuss his bowel function with anyone, especially young women.· One of the most distressing aspects of spinal injury is an inability to regulate bowel function.· Effective H 2 disposal during fermentation is essential for normal large bowel function.· Assists in maintaining proper bowel function and affords protection against diverticulosis, haemorrhoids and varicose veins.· All of them eventually died of cardiac failure without the return to normal bowel function. ► habit · The genesis of abdominal pain or disordered bowel habit is generally ascribed to abnormal colonic motor function.· Changes in bowel habit may indicate disease of the gastrointestinal tract.· We obtained supportive evidence for this explanation from a double contrast barium enema investigation of a patient complaining of changed bowel habit.· Formation of a stoma requires the patient to change his usual bowel habit.· All were of normal body weight, taking a normal diet, and had a normal bowel habit. ► movement · They asked about his speed and his fondness for Pedigree Chum Select Cuts, and all expressed interest in his bowel movements.· Q: I have a bowel movement once a week.· The laxative dose was gradually decreased after two to three months to a dose that maintained one bowel movement daily.· The rocking also helps with blood circulation and bowel movement and with preventing calcium deposits and stones.· My, the clarity and attack of our bowel movements.· After the fire exterminated itself, I flushed the ashes down the toilet after a not-inconsiderable bowel movement.· Five or six bowel movements a day were not uncommon.· Concern about a baby's bowel movements can set the scene for concern and anxiety. ► obstruction · She gave a two month history of symptoms typical of intermittent small bowel obstruction before requiring a limited right hemicolectomy.· He died of a bowel obstruction.· Small bowel obstruction continues to occur after this operation despite increasing experience with the procedure.· At age 20 she became pregnant and the pregnancy was complicated by episodes of small and large bowel obstruction.· Seven patients had one or more episodes of partial or complete large bowel obstruction and four others were constipated.· All the patients carried a diagnosis of chronic intestinal pseudo-obstruction based on recurrent symptoms of bowel obstruction without physical lesion. ► preparation · One further effect worth considering is the bowel preparation before harvesting of the tissue.· All patients underwent bowel preparation and a fasting regimen before operation.· All patients received a traditional two day bowel preparation and were given clear liquids during this time.· These patients underwent a bowel preparation and fasting regimen similar to the other patients in this study. ► resection · The antibodies were tested in specimens obtained at bowel resection from patients with Crohn's disease and controls.· Obstructive symptoms then resulted in a further small bowel resection but he did not achieve remission despite prednisolone.· Control subjects Twenty five surgical control patients, admitted for bowel resection for malignant and non-malignant conditions, were studied. ► symptom · Ulcerative colitis may present with anaemia when bowel symptoms are mild or ignored.· They were also asked if they had ever consulted a doctor about recurrent bowel symptoms or abdominal pain.· At first there was little change, but after about three weeks his bowel symptoms were much improved.· This patient was put on a yeast-free diet, and given a second psychiatric assessment when her bowel symptoms had resolved.· No known bowel symptoms, but was never investigated.· Three patients declined to come for a check endoscopy immediately after radiotherapy as they had no bowel symptoms.· A colostomy was performed in an attempt to relieve her large bowel symptoms, and subsequently closed.· She did not return for screening until developed bowel symptoms aged 53 years. ► syndrome · The physiological significance of the findings in diarrhoea predominant irritable bowel syndrome patients, which were contrary to expectation, is unknown.· The first four symptoms encompass the six Manning criteria for diagnosing irritable bowel syndrome.· It is not difficult to imagine how a disorder such as irritable bowel syndrome could affect a patient psychologically.· An extra tablespoon sprinkled over the breakfast cereal can help control irritable bowel syndrome, piles, appendicitis and bowel cancer.· This study lacked objective or prospective data and was biased by the exclusion from the controls of people with irritable bowel syndrome.· This was not necessary with irritable bowel syndrome symptoms as their prevalence does not change with age in this population.· It also inhibits motor activity induced by rectal distention and increases sensory thresholds for defaecation in patients with the irritable bowel syndrome.· The same drug given intravenously prevents the postprandial increase in sigmoid segmenting pressure activity in patients with irritable bowel syndrome. ► wall · All of these treatments, however, suffer from the same inability to reach tumour outside the bowel wall.· Up to 12% of these tumours still confined to the bowel wall have already spread to regional lymph nodes.· A positive reaction was seen in the bowel wall, both in patients with Crohn's disease and in controls.· Diverticular disease is a condition of the bowel caused by abnormal activity of the bowel wall when your diet contains insufficient fibre.· In view of its poor absorption and high local concentration, its site of action seems likely to be within the bowel wall.· In addition, it is possible that colonic decompression may reduce the chance of perforation and improve blood flow to the bowel wall. VERB► move · You did not move your bowels at 7: 30 as I instructed.· Several days had gone by and I had not moved my bowels. Phrases PHRASES FROM THE ENTRY► bowels► a bowel movement Although it isn't necessary for a person to have a bowel movement every day, regular movements should be encouraged. How often an individual has a bowel movement is related to a number of factors. Q: I have a bowel movement once a week. Some patients may have recorded an episode of faecal incontinence as a bowel movement, before the beginning of retraining. ► the bowels of something Most of the supplies were stored in the bowels of the ship. Cower in the bowels of the earth from it, and pull the bedclothes over your head. He feels his way through the bowels of the city, conscious of the weight of civilisation above him. The Iron Rock is a core of molten iron vomited from the bowels of the earth during some incalculably ancient upheaval. The report calls for a new Film Office to be created somewhere deep within the bowels of the Economic Development blob itself. Then he felt the floor tremble beneath his feet, and a deep throated rumble rose from the bowels of the building. Thus, in the bowels of the flush toilet we see the archetype for all autonomous mechanical creatures. When cool, the oil is poured into casks which are sealed and stowed in the bowels of the ship. Would they find the answer down there, he thought, deep in the bowels of the ship? 1bowels [plural] the system of tubes inside your body where food is made into solid waste material and through which it passes out of your body → intestinemove/empty/open your bowels (=get rid of solid waste from your body)2[singular] one part of this system of tubes: cancer of the bowel3a bowel movement formal the act of getting rid of solid waste from your body4the bowels of something literary the lowest or deepest part of somethingthe bowels of the earth (=deep under the ground)
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