单词	study
释义	study1 nounstudy2 verb studystud‧y1 /ˈstʌdi/ ●●● S1 W1 noun (plural studies) Entry menu MENU FOR studystudy1 research2 learning3 subject4 somebody’s studies5 careful consideration6 room7 art8 music9 make a study of something10 be a study in something11 a quick study Word Origin WORD ORIGINstudy1 Origin: 1100-1200 Old French estudie, from Latin studium ‘mental effort, eagerness, study’, from studere ‘to be eager, try to be helpful, study’ Examples EXAMPLES FROM OTHER DICTIONARIES Studies of dolphins have shown that they are able to communicate information to each other. A series of studies was made to discover the relationship between diet and behavior. Berne has published a review of studies on sex education programs in public schools. Our comparative study of political culture includes five democracies. Paleontology is the study of ancient life. Recent studies have shown that women find it harder than men to give up smoking. The exhibition includes a series of studies by Picasso for his painting Guernica. We're doing a study into how much time people spend watching television each day. Woodward's busy work schedule left little time for study on her MBA degree. EXAMPLES FROM THE CORPUS A Scandinavian study uses a randomisation scheme which will probably prevent the group from obtaining a scientifically valuable result. Four such cases have been reported in the United Kingdom during the past decade, the study says. If the study yields promising projections, construction will begin in April. Later studies have concentrated on comparisons with attitudes to oil development in Dorset and on reactions to Chernobyl. Most of the relevant experimental evidence on this issue comes not from studies of latent inhibition but from investigations of conditioning itself. The study also showed a disturbing trend in another area: hours worked. The Peace Corps Volunteers were a study in contrast. Treatment with sedative antihistamines was continued throughout the study if they were in use on entry. Thesaurus THESAURUS► research noun [uncountable] careful detailed work that is done in order to find out more about a subject, especially as a part of a scientific or academic project: · Billions of dollars have been spent on research into the causes and treatment of cancer.· The University has for a long time been a leading centre for research in this field. ► work noun [uncountable] the studies that have been done on a particular subject: · Faraday is famous for his work on electricity.· A lot of work has been done on hydrogen-powered cars.· Their work had an enormous influence on the study of genetics. ► study noun [countable] a piece of work in which someone examines a particular subject in order to find out more about it, and writes about what they have found: · The study showed that 25 percent of adults do not eat breakfast at all, compared with 14 percent in 1961.· Recent studies suggest that our sense of smell is closely linked with the part of the brain that deals with memory. ► experiment noun [countable] a scientific test in order to find out what happens when you do something: · They carried out a series of experiments (=they did a series of experiments) in order to try to prove their theory.· Experiments have shown that there is an increased risk of some forms of cancer. Longman Language Activatorto study something at school, university etc► study to learn about a subject by reading books, going to classes etc: · It's difficult to study when the weather's so hot.· I've been studying English for six years now.· His parents sent him to Moscow to study physics, chemistry, and mathematics.· If you study hard, you'll be able to get into a good university.study to be something: · She's at business school, studying to be an accountant.study under (=receive lessons from a famous teacher): · Nicoll was himself a noted psychologist and studied under Jung in Zurich. ► take to study a subject - use this to talk about subjects that you choose to study at school, college, university etc: · What classes are you taking next semester?· In my final year, I decided to take English, French, and economics.· All freshmen have to take at least one composition course. ► do British informal to study a particular subject at school or university: · I can't decide whether to do German or Spanish next year.· Did you do computing at school?do a course: · Why not do a language course at your local college? ► major in American to study something as your main subject at a college or university: · What are you majoring in?· Diane majored in psychology at the University of Washington. ► minor in American if you minor in a subject, it is the second most important subject you study at a college or university: · I'm planning to study computer science, but I still might minor in English. ► take lessons also have lessons British to pay for lessons from a teacher in order to study a subject or skill in your free time: · My mother wants me to take violin lessons.· I'm having Spanish lessons after work.take lessons in: · Students at the school can even take lessons in golf. ► read British formal to study a subject at university: · Oliver is reading philosophy at Oxford.· She went on to read medicine at Edinburgh. ► place British an offer or opportunity to study as a student at a particular school, college, or university: · Studies show that students from wealthier backgrounds are more likely to be offered places at high-achieving schools.have/get a place (at): · Jenny has a place to study law at Exeter this year.· If I get a place at Manchester, I'll take it. to study to prepare for an examination► study to learn the information you need to prepare yourself for a test or examination: · I'm going to spend the afternoon studying my notes.· The test is supposed to be hard - aren't you going to study at all?study for: · He studied for the bar exam all year, and he still didn't pass.· I can't go to the movie tonight - I have a big test to study for. ► revise British to read books, notes etc in order to prepare for an examination that you are going to take: · Ahmed's upstairs, revising.· What are you revising tonight?revise for: · The library was full of students revising for the final exams. ► cram informal to study very hard just before an examination, especially because you do not know enough: · You'll really have to cram if you want to pass the test.cram for: · Everyone's cramming for their final exams. ► swot British informal to study for an examination: · He's sure to pass - he's been swotting away for months.swot for: · I was too busy swotting for my exams to be much interested in girls. ► bone up on informal to study a particular subject to prepare for a test or examination: · I've been boning up on my Latin for the entrance exam. to study something in order to discover new facts► study to examine something carefully, do tests on it etc, in order to find out more about it and discover new facts: · She spent several years studying the behaviour of gorillas in Africa.· The discovery will be of great interest to scientists studying the origins of the universe.study how/why/when etc: · NASA has used the space shuttle to study how materials perform in a weightless environment. ► analyse British /analyze American to carefully examine information, reports, the results of tests etc, in order to understand something better: · We use a special computer program to analyse all the sales figures.· We will have to analyze the results of the survey before making any decisions. ► do/conduct research also carry out research to study a subject in a careful, detailed way, in order to discover new information or produce new ideas about it: · Dr. Cooper is a surgeon who does research at Harvard University.· The organization's laboratories conduct advanced research in areas such as electronics, biotechnology, and engineering.do/conduct research into/on: · Baskin has made several trips to Nicaragua to carry out research on land distribution. ► research to study a subject in a careful, detailed way, in order to discover new information or produce new ideas about it: · Vargas began researching his family's history 12 years ago.· It is important to research the market fully before offering a new product for sale.research into British: · Doctors researching into the causes of the disease believe they may have found a cure. the work that you do when you study something► somebody's studies all the work that someone does when they are a student at school or university: · My uncle asked me how I was enjoying my studies.· James interrupted his studies to travel around Europe for a year.· She plans to continue her studies at Colgate in the fall. ► homework work that a school student is given to do during free time, not during lessons: · Don't you kids have any homework?· Mrs Burgess gives more homework than the other teachers.do your homework: · Go to your room and do your math homework before you start watching TV. ► coursework all the work that a student has to do as part of a course of study, but not the examinations: · The diploma requires 30 hours of coursework.· Half of the marks are for the exam, and half are for coursework. ► revision British when you read books, notes etc in order to prepare for an examination that you are going to do: · How is your history revision going?do revision: · I can't come out tonight - I've got a lot of revision to do. ► study a piece of work, especially one that includes a written report, that involves studying a particular subject in order to find out more about it: · Recent studies have shown that women find it harder than men to give up smoking.study on: · Berne has published a review of studies on sex education programs in public schools.study of: · Our comparative study of political culture includes five democracies.do/conduct/carry out a study: · We're doing a study into how much time people spend watching television each day. ► research careful, detailed work that you do in order to discover new information or produce new ideas about a particular subject: · Recent research has shown that human language is much older than we previously thought.research into: · More research is needed into the ways in which this virus is spread.research on: · He hopes that his book will inspire more research on alcoholism.scientific/historical/clinical etc research: · There is no scientific research to back up the company's claims.do/conduct/carry out research: · She's doing research into the connection between crime and poverty.· Many of the questions can be answered without carrying out any new research. a student► student someone who is studying at school, university etc: · We would welcome suggestions from both teachers and students.· Student leaders had organized a sit-in to protest against the war.high school/college etc student: · The study found that drug use among high school students is rising.English/engineering/business etc student: · Seventy percent of the university's business students have job offers by graduation.student of: · Wiggins was a student of theology for many years before leaving the seminary.student days (=the time when you were a student): · Mira hadn't seen Brad since their student days at the University of Wisconsin. ► pupil especially British a child who studies at a school: · The school has over 700 pupils.· The new law reduces the number of pupils per class in the first four years of schooling. ► learner someone who is learning about a particular subject - used especially by teachers and people talking about the needs of students: · A major aim of education is to improve learners' understanding of the world around them.· At the end of each chapter there is a series of exercises designed to help the learner. ► schoolboy/schoolgirl/schoolchild especially British a child who studies at a school: · He was quickly surrounded by schoolgirls asking for his autograph.· Only 10% of British schoolchildren attend private schools. ► schoolkid informal a child who studies at a school: · I was just a schoolkid - I didn't know anything about poetry or literature.· They were standing outside giggling away like a couple of naughty schoolkids. ► undergraduate someone who is studying at a university in order to get their first degree: · They met when they were undergraduates at Cambridge.· The loans, which are based on financial need, are limited to $3000 for undergraduates. ► English/history etc major American someone who is studying English, history etc as their main subject at a college or university: · Her boyfriend was a political science major at Berkeley.· I was a biology major in college, but I've forgotten almost everything I learned. ► postgraduate British /graduate student American someone who is studying for a higher degree after their first degree: · About half the graduate students in the program come from overseas.· He has three postgraduates helping him with his research. when something is examined► examination when someone looks at something carefully and thoroughly to find out more about it: examination of: · Mandelbaum's new book is an examination of US foreign policy.careful/close/detailed/thorough examination: · A detailed examination of population statistics reveals a steady decline in the birth rate.be under examination (=be in the process of being examined): · The committee's latest proposals are still under examination.on closer examination (=when examined more carefully): · On closer examination the vases were found to be cracked in several places. ► analysis a detailed examination of something in order to understand it better, especially when this involves studying a large amount of information: · Our analysis shows that the proposed cost for the new highway is unrealistic.analysis of: · An analysis of data from Australia shows that skin cancer is on the increase.detailed analysis: · The article provides a detailed analysis of various research designs.in the final analysis (=after all other ideas have been considered): · In the final analysis, it is the better organized party that will probably win. ► check an examination of something to make sure that it is correct, safe, or satisfactory: check on: · There are regular checks on the quality of goods leaving our factory.carry out/run/do a check (=make a check): · All routine safety checks were carried out before the flight.spot check (=an unplanned check on a thing or person that is chosen from a group by chance): · Spot checks by customs officers led to the arrest of several drug smugglers.background check (=a check on what someone has done in the past): · The agency does background checks on all the nannies it hires. ► inspection a thorough examination of something, especially by someone in an official position, in order to find out more about it or find out if it is satisfactory: inspection of: · There are regular inspections of the prison by government health officers.carry out an inspection: · Admiral Naumenko personally carried out an inspection of the fleet.on/upon closer inspection (=when you look at something more carefully): · The bundle, on closer inspection, turned out to be a small child. ► study a careful examination of or research into a particular subject or problem in which the process and results are reported in a written document: study of: · Studies of dolphins have shown that they are able to communicate information to each other.make a study: · A series of studies was made to discover the relationship between diet and behavior. ► scrutiny formal careful and thorough examination of something: · The company's plans for expansion have attracted scrutiny from consumer groups.scrutiny of: · Airlines have increased their scrutiny of the size and amount of carry-on luggage.under scrutiny: · The city's elections department has been under scrutiny since last year.close/intense/careful scrutiny: · Closer scrutiny of the document revealed a number of interesting facts.come under public scrutiny (=begin to be closely examined by people): · Once you become famous your private life comes under public scrutiny. a picture that you paint or draw► picture a painting or drawing: · Van Gogh's "Sunflowers' is one of the most famous pictures in the world.· an early picture by the French Impressionist painter Claude Monetpicture of: · There was a picture of a windmill on the bedroom wall.somebody's picture (=a painting or drawing of someone): · The house belonged to the Duke of Wellington, and his picture hangs in the hall.draw/paint a picture: · I didn't know the word in Japanese so I drew a little picture.do a picture spoken (=draw or paint a picture): · Daisy did a lovely picture of a cat at school today. ► painting a picture that someone has painted: · an exhibition of paintings by French artists· The museum has an impressive collection of early 20th century American paintings.painting of: · a painting of the Grand Canal in Venice by Canaletto· Gaugin is famous for his paintings of native women on the Pacific island of Tahiti.do a painting: · Dali did several paintings of his wife. ► drawing a picture that has been drawn using a pen or pencil: · The classroom was bright and cheerful, with childrens' drawings on the walls.drawing of: · On the wall was a drawing of a woman's head by Matisse.do a drawing: · Degas did a series of drawings of dancers at the ballet school in Paris. ► sketch a picture consisting of a few lines drawn quickly with a pen or pencil: sketch of: · I thought your sketches of the garden were very attractive.do/make a sketch: · The architect did a sketch of how the building will look when it's finished.quick/rough sketch (=a sketch done very quickly): · Gabriella did a quick sketch of her baby daughter. ► illustration a picture in a book, which shows people or events that have been mentioned in the book: · The new encyclopedia is full of color illustrations and photographs.· Who did the illustrations for the book? They're lovely. ► poster a very large picture or photograph printed on paper, which you put on a wall for decoration: poster of: · Anna's bedroom wall was covered in posters of James Dean and Marilyn Monroe. ► portrait a painting, drawing, or photograph of a person: portrait of: · A full-length portrait of the Queen hung on the wall.paint a portrait: · The artist Hans Holbein was best known for painting portraits.self-portrait (=a picture of the artist done by the artist): · Rembrandt's "Self-portrait with feather in cap"· A series of 43 self-portraits by Greek-born American Lucas Samaras (b. 1936) have been donated to the Museum of Modern Art, New York. ► landscape a painting or photograph showing an area of countryside: · "What kind of photographs do you take?" "Mostly landscapes, and some portraits."landscape painter/artist/photographer: · Constable is probably England's most famous landscape artist. ► study a small detailed drawing, especially one which is done in order to prepare for a larger picture, or as part of a series of drawings of the same kind of subject: study of: · Renoir did several studies of small plants and flowers.study for: · The exhibition includes a series of studies by Picasso for his painting Guernica. ► nude a picture of someone without any clothes on: · To be honest, I prefer his flower pictures to his nudes.· a nude by Picasso work that a student does► homework the work that a student has to do at home as part of their studies: · My brother always used to help me with my homework.do (your) homework: · I'm sorry Gail, but Amber has to stay home and do her homework.· Oh, I've got so much homework to do!· Did you get your homework done Jason?have homework: · I don't have any homework tonight.· Have you got a lot of homework then?for homework: · For homework, I'd like you to finish exercises 2 and 3 on page 24.English/geography etc homework: · Dave, have you done your French homework? ► classwork the work that a student does when they are at school, rather than work they do at home: · Mrs Hoffmann, I'm calling about Mike's classwork. There are some problems.· The units are ideal for classwork, but can also be used by students at home. ► schoolwork all the work that a student has to do for their studies: · Johnny's had a lot of problems at home recently and it's starting to affect his schoolwork.· The program combines schoolwork with job experience.· Tim, a third-grader, had difficulty with his schoolwork, and also found it hard to make friends. ► coursework British the work that a student has to do for the course that they are studying, especially when this is compared with work done in examinations: · Half of the marks are for the exam, the rest are for coursework.· None of the coursework seemed to have much relevance to being a nurse in a busy hospital.· I'm just so behind on the coursework. ► studies formal the work that a student does at a school or university: somebody's studies: · After the war, he resumed his studies at the University of Turin.· Her parents insisted that she give up the vacation job, as they felt it was interfering with her studies.finish/complete your studies: · After completing her studies at the University, she worked as a nurse for six years. WORD SETS► House alcove, nounattic, nounback door, nounbasement, nounbasin, nounbath, nounbath, verbbath mat, nounbathroom, nounbathtub, nounbedchamber, nounbedroom, nounblanket, nounblind, nounbottom drawer, nounbox room, nouncabinet, nouncistern, nouncowl, nouncrazy quilt, noundado, noundeadbolt, noundeck, noundinette, noundining room, noundoorbell, noundoorjamb, noundoorknob, noundoorknocker, noundoormat, noundoorpost, noundoorstep, noundoorstop, noundoorway, noundouble glazing, noundownspout, noundownstairs, adverbdrainpipe, noundrapes, noundrawing room, noundressing room, nouneiderdown, nounfamily room, nounfanlight, nounfender, nounfireplace, nounfireside, nounfloor, nounfoyer, nounFrench doors, nounFrench windows, nounfrieze, nounfront door, nounfurnishings, noungable, noungabled, adjectivegarage, noungarret, noungeyser, noungranny flat, nounhatch, nounhatchway, nounhearth, nouninglenook, nounironing board, nounjamb, nounkitchen, nounlarder, nounlattice window, nounlibrary, nounlino, nounlinoleum, nounliving room, nounloft, nounlounge, nounlumber room, nounmaster bedroom, nounmat, nounmorning room, nounornament, nounpalace, nounpane, nounpantry, nounparlour, nounparquet, nounpassage, nounpatio, nounpatio doors, nounpelmet, nounpenthouse, nounpied-à-terre, nounplayroom, nounporch, nounpublic housing, nounquilt, nounradiator, nounranch, nounranch house, nounreception room, nounrecess, nounrecessed, adjectiverecreation room, nounrug, nounrunner, nounself-contained, adjectivesemi, nounsemi-detached, adjectiveshade, nounsill, nounsitting room, nounskylight, nounspare room, nounsplashback, nounsplit-level, adjectivestair, nounstaircase, nounstairway, nounstairwell, nounstorm door, nounstorm window, nounstucco, nounstudy, nounsuite, nounsun lounge, nounsun porch, nounterraced house, nounthreshold, nountied cottage, nountrestle table, nountub, nounundercoat, noununderfelt, noununderlay, noununit, nounutility room, nounveranda, nounvilla, nounwainscot, nounwalk-up, nounwall, nounwallpaper, nounwallpaper, verbwall-to-wall, adjectivewarming pan, nounwashroom, nounwastebasket, nounwet bar, nounwhitewash, nounwhitewash, verbwoodwork, noun Collocations COLLOCATIONS FROM THE ENTRYverbs► do a study/carry out a study (also conduct a study formal)· The scientists are carrying out a study into the effects of global warming. ► a study finds something · The study found that men were more likely to take risks. ► a study shows something · Studies have shown that the drug works. ► a study suggests/indicates something · A British study suggests that older drivers are safer drivers. ► a study reveals something (=shows something, especially something surprising)· A recent study revealed that 74% of donuts are bought on impulse. ► a study confirms something (=shows that something is true)· The study confirms what we all know – smoking is also bad for the people around you. ► a study aims to do something · The study aimed to identify the housing needs of local people. ► publish a study · The study was published in the British Medical Journal. ► fund a study (=pay for it)· The study was funded by a major US drugs company. ► commission a study (=ask someone to carry out a study)· The government has commissioned a study into the health of residents living near the power station. ADJECTIVES/NOUN + study► a research study · Research studies have found that young people are drinking no more than they were 20 years ago. ► a detailed study (also an in-depth study)· They carried out a detailed study into the effects of the disease on mice. ► a two-year/three-month etc study · They are engaged in a five-year study into the effects of calcium on bone health. ► a huge/massive study · The journal published the results of a massive study of 87,000 women. ► a previous/earlier study · The report is a summary of the work done in earlier studies. ► a pilot study (=one done to find out if something will be successful)· The government has just completed a pilot study, with some encouraging results. ► a feasibility study (=one done to find out if something is possible or practical)· They commissioned a feasibility study into re-opening the whole railway line. phrases► the aims of a study · The aims of this study are to examine the reliability of current techniques. ► the results/findings of a study · The results of this study suggest that the drug is effective in over 80% of cases.· His research confirmed the findings of earlier studies. COLLOCATIONS FROM OTHER ENTRIES► academic study · After academic study, you have to gain practical experience. ► training/study aids · Receive free study aids when you enrol, including a copy of The IDM Marketing Guide worth £95. ► a study bedroom (=for students, with a bed and a desk)· In my first year at university I had a really tiny study bedroom. ► business studies (=a course of study about business)· She did business studies at college. ► Business studies · Business studies is now a popular subject. ► careful analysis/examination/study etc  careful analysis of the data ► carry out a study · He has carried out various studies into violent behaviour. ► carry out a study · He has carried out various studies into violent behaviour. ► a close study · Their research involved a close study of two communities. ► a comprehensive study/survey/assessment · The report includes a comprehensive study of the company’s training needs. ► conduct a study/review · Scientists conducted a study of the area affected by the nuclear disaster. ► definitive study/work/guide etc  the definitive study of Victorian railway stations ► examine/consider/study something in detail · He asked his lawyer to examine the contract in detail. ► consider/examine/study the evidence · Having considered all the evidence, the court found him not guilty. ► study for an exam (also revise for an exam British English)· She has to study for her exams. ► study for an examination (also revise for an examination British English)· I have been studying all week for the examination. ► experimental work/studies  experimental studies on birds and animals ► film studies · She’s studying for a diploma in film studies. ► full-scale study/review etc  The government will conduct a full-scale inquiry into the crash. ► work/study etc full-time  She works full-time and has two kids. The success of the series enabled her to concentrate full-time on writing. ► study/examine the implications · He has studied the implications of recent technical innovations. ► in-depth study/research/analysis etc  an in-depth study of patients’ needs ► laboratory tests/experiments/studies ► study leave British English (=time that you are allowed away from work because you are taking a course)· The company offers study leave for staff development. ► longitudinal study/survey/research etc  a longitudinal study of unemployed workers ► study a map (=look carefully at a map)· They studied the map before setting out. ► Media studies is · Media studies is a very popular subject. ► read/study the menu · Sandy read the menu, but didn’t see anything he wanted to eat. ► object of study  an object of study ► perform an experiment/study etc · Part of the Chemistry exam involves performing an experiment. ► a qualitative analysis/study  a qualitative study of educational services qualitative research ► studies/evidence/research etc shows  Several studies have shown that aggressive toys lead to bad behaviour. ► evidence/results/data/studies etc suggest(s) that  The evidence suggests that single fathers are more likely to work than single mothers. ► superficial examination/study etc  Even a superficial inspection revealed serious flaws. ► undertake research/a study · Students may undertake full-time supervised research leading to the award of a Ph.D. ► study (something) at a university · She studied law at Edinburgh University. COLLOCATIONS FROM THE CORPUSADJECTIVE► careful · The foundation of the Camden Society in 1839 had promoted much more careful study of medieval architecture.· He approached detective fiction as a craft that could be learned through careful, methodical study.· But careful studies in the 1960S revealed that none of these explanations will do.· It is vital to his sense of responsible obsession that everything in his room warrants careful study.· From this flows a lack of expectation. Careful teaching and study of the scriptures is a good battering-ram for this barrier.· Table 4-7 provides a checklist of the determinants of supply: the accompanying illustrations deserve careful study.· There was so much communication and interchange, and careful study and research....· If the existence of an attention deficit is confirmed through careful study, appropriate help must be provided for the child. ► comparative · Purely descriptive studies serve as the raw data for those comparative studies that aspire to higher levels of explanation.· Other recent examples of comparative studies are those of Lowe - independent study modules and lecture tours, in 1981.· Space and resources preclude an exhaustive or even an extensive comparative study in this work.· The comparative study of kinship terminologies is one of the longest established traditions in academic anthropology.· The final section is a comparative study of these algorithms and the methods they incorporate.· There are no valid randomised comparative studies of surveillance versus treatment.· The first is a comparative study of wool textile organisations, investigating the relationship between career development, innovation and company performance.· Some comparative studies have already been made of environmental impact and safety although much more needs to be done. ► comprehensive · It contained a comprehensive study of the causes, prevention and treatment of crime.· But there never has been such a comprehensive study to test the theory.· The main priorities are: A comprehensive transportation study with a view to reducing the level of dependence on private cars.· One of the more comprehensive recent studies, supported by the National Institute of Mental Health, is worth mentioning.· But a more comprehensive study by doctors from Oxford has produced no evidence to support this.· In a comprehensive study, the Institute for International Economics answered yes to these questions.· One of the most comprehensive studies of the results of randomization trials that has been reported was due to Kaimann.· A comprehensive study done a few years ago focused on what particular quality was shared by winning race car drivers. ► detailed · One such was that further detailed studies of the possible effects should be undertaken over a 12-month period.· Shafir made a detailed study of comprehension levels by the supposedly literate.· It is the necessary end-point of the detailed study of television programmes.· Density contrasts at intermediate depths would be expected to occur at footwall ramps, suggesting that detailed gravity studies might be rewarding.· Pearce reached his conclusions after conducting a review of detailed studies into the impact of environmental taxes.· A detailed case study approach is also called for by the nature of the explanatory variables that will be proposed.· Laski himself led the way not only in general theoretical orientation but also in the detailed study.· A detailed study of the gestation and birth of a new specialism reveals a different story. ► early · Importantly, this provided him with the working-class raw material for his early empirical studies of language.· These results are confirmed by earlier studies.· Even the earliest study of its effectiveness stressed the view that it should improve the degree of accountability.· Among the earliest studies of simulated stability was a paper published in 1970 by Gardner and Ashby.· Among sixty drawings are many early studies including shelter and coalmine subjects.· The proposal is still in the early study stage and must undergo extensive environmental review, Glidden said.· There is concern from earlier studies that the disorder shortens life.· The material collected and used was, as in the earlier study, the record of parish discipline by the established church. ► experimental · The experimental study of heredity led Bateson to breeding studies and soon to the newly rediscovered laws of Mendelian heredity.· The use of light isotopes in a fusion reactor has been under experimental study since the 1950s.· Although many experimental studies have been carried out since then, this remains the clearest and best-known work.· Moreover, one experimental study showed increased tumour formation with dietary calcium.· If the materials are properly prepared and used, the procedure can have all the advantages of an experimental study.· Using both experimental studies and computer simulation, existing theories of face recognition and learning in general will be evaluated and developed.· An experimental study from Plymouth reported a 23% reduction in general practitioner referrals after local guidelines were distributed.· An experimental study of children's behaviour outlines a possible answer. ► further · The role of alternate day corticosteroids among children who experience chronic or frequently relapsing symptoms, however, deserves further study.· The council has delayed implementation pending further study of its effects.· The educational impact and subsequent effect on patient management will require further study.· However, further studies are required to be able to reach significant conclusions on the economics of such an attempt.· Yet the potential for further study and interpretation is enormous.· The following principles are not elaborated in detail, they require considerable further discussion and study.· This was eventually referred to the Standing Committee for further study and recommendations.· It is suspected that the issue of lexical acquisition will form the basis of further studies. ► historical · However, such historical studies as do address this question indicate that all members do not benefit equally.· Why do there need to be so many historical studies?· Finally, is the Liberal confidence in its historical study justified?· Recent historical studies stress the importance of scientific disciplines and research programmes.· The historical case studies carried out by Lakatos and his followers certainly lend some support to that latter claim.· There is no doubt that Angelica Kauffman's work offers a large and varied body of materials for feminist cultural and historical study.· From this point of view, the resulting surveys are sometimes like historical studies. ► independent · It will make provision for mixed-ability groups much easier to organise, and encourage independent study.· Two independent studies since the 1968 election confirm the trend.· Councillors will discuss the possibility of funding an independent study into the mine's viability.· In the spring semester Gordon taught two seminars and took on more than a dozen students for independent study projects.· The course manual can be used for independent study.· None the less, anthropology soon became an independent academic study, first by amateurs, and later by university researchers.· Other recent examples of comparative studies are those of Lowe - independent study modules and lecture tours, in 1981.· The Bellcrest File is designed for independent study. ► literary · Jakobson's essay thus constitutes as strong a claim as can possibly be made for the relevance of linguistics to literary study.· It was only later that the aesthetic dimension of literary study became emphasized, with an accompanying concentration on the fictional genres.· Non-scientific discourses, like law and literary studies, address subjectivity by deploying their own concepts of the subject.· Herbert would seem to be far more obviously the choice for literary study, and the institutional canon confirms this.· In practice, it weakens the claim of literary study to be a coherent and self-sufficient discipline.· An adversarial stance appeared in literary study.· From the outset, some scholars have been highly suspicious of the use of numerical methods in literary studies.· Older academics, of whatever persuasion, were hostile to the idea of overt professionalism in literary study. ► longitudinal · Equally conflicting results with regard to glycaemic control and platelet-specific protein levels have been reported in longitudinal studies.· Essentially, this is a longitudinal study of one subject.· Undertaken by the National Children's Bureau, this is a longitudinal study of breathtaking scale and thoroughness.· Finally, research evidence, particularly longitudinal studies which relate children's present situations to future outcomes, will increasingly influence practice.· There are few longitudinal studies which have published data describing changes in the ability to undertake specific adl activities over time.· In particular, the lack of longitudinal studies of older people in Britain is a major deficiency.· Panel studies are an example of longitudinal studies which are not, of course, confined to attitude research.· There are several difficulties with longitudinal studies, in addition to the usual problems of sample-based survey research. ► present · Results Patients included in the present study had diarrhoea that in some cases was of long duration.· The aim of the present study was to review a group of patients in whom sclerosing cholangitis was present.· The critical factors in determining the growth in the present study are all external; none are intrinsic to the science itself.· The indium-111 leukocyte technique is particularly suitable for the present study since it utilises the homing properties of neutrophils in response to specific chemoattractants.· The present study provides further evidence for these interactions in the colon.· All of the books containing material related to the theses in the present study are such compilations.· These patients served as probands in the present study. ► previous · I would be grateful for any information on previous or proposed studies in this area.· A large intra- and interindividual variation is found, as reported in all previous pharmacokinetic studies of the different 5-ASA formulations.· No previous study has identified predictors of outcome beyond 12 months among patients admitted to hospital with community-acquired pneumonia.· Administration of indomethacin caused no decrease in the glucose induced insulin release in our preparation confirming previous studies.· This confirms the results of previous studies.· All previous studies have been based on statistics provided by individual nations.· The previous pediatric studies of Sondheimer and Staiano etal did not support this theory.· Unlike previous studies, Chamberlain did not pool the observations for the separate contracts on each commodity. ► recent · A recent major study of traffic problems in the Edinburgh area recognised road safety as a major factor for consideration.· Several other recent studies have shown that moderate consumption of red wine, in particular, is helpful for preventing heart disease.· Neither he nor his aides refuted a recent study suggesting that the bill would push 2. 6 million people into poverty.· A very recent study confirms this once again.· Incidentally, I've been reading some recent studies of Sardinian banditry.· One recent study concluded: These days, some truckers are more inclined to sport white collars than tank tops.· It is interesting to compare the methodology of this experiment with that of recent studies which have used more natural discourse.· Several recent studies have confirmed the efficacy of lengthy spacing. ► scientific · Possibly the earliest attempt at a scientific study of ageing, he wrote it when he was himself 62.· There is no apparent conclusive scientific study, but the anecdotal evidence is strong that the herb is useful.· New scientific studies indicating that the danger of dioxin was in fact worse than previously realized were hardly reported.· Government ministries set aside $ 7 million for further scientific studies.· Ecological Science and Forestry Ecology is the scientific study of organisms in relation to the physical and biological environment.· One involves the scientific study of which women are likely to keep their own last names after marriage.· Tinbergen demonstrated that it was possible, simply by watching animals, to make a scientific study of them.· Dozens of scientific studies investigated the claims. ► social · There are some issues within social studies itself which are interesting.· Take the social studies / humanities curriculum as an example.· I looked at several texts directed at the upper half of secondary schools and roughly the same categories emerged as for social studies.· This, too, is social studies.· Opportunities for school children to spend periods in various departments as part of their social studies or community placement should be encouraged.· She was in my social studies class.· In turn, successful return of land may benefit by guidance from social science studies.· Many are pulling information from the Internet to prepare for debates and write social studies reports. NOUN► business · There was little or no overt resistance to the development of business studies degrees, for two sets of reasons. ► case · Presented with case studies, it takes no time for pupils to express strongly held opinions.· The only exception to this happy situation is the case study or historical thesis or dissertation.· The evidence from the case studies demonstrates that managers did not respond to market signals in simplistic ways.· All students should spend part of their time using case studies and real-world problems to learn and apply academic content.· This is made easier by confining the study to a small range of detailed case studies.· Plasma phosphates also influence plasma calcium levels. Case studies show that there is a reciprocal relationship between calcium and phosphorus.· A related advantage of the case study method is that it more readily allows the exploration of interaction between variables.· More immediately, the case study will represent considerable progress. ► pilot · The colours were roughly matched for salience in pilot studies with healthy observers.· Methodology Initially a small database would be created as a pilot study.· In the pilot study, a domain-specific dictionary was tested with a document from the same domain.· During the period of the pilot study, I kept a weekly account of my workload and activities.· At St Mary's, we decided to set up a 10-week pilot study before fully implementing the new role.· The pilot studies are intended to lay the foundation for more detailed research into the role of effective innovation in corporate competitiveness.· Provisional tables, etc., for the final report should be specified. 4. Pilot study. ► skill · Enhance study skills in preparation for tertiary education 3.· In addition to counselling on particular personal problems, advice is available on aspects such as accommodation, study skills and careers.· Tuition in study skills and information retrieval methods especially electronic.· Much use will be made of the School Library where study skills will be learnt.· Our Skills Centre can help you with any personal study skill from time-management to overcoming dyslexia.· For some members of staff, study skills was what the ESSE/L Project was really all about.· In contrast, 4 Colleges and 1 Polytechnic offered language improvement, and 9 Colleges and 6 Polytechnics study skills. VERB► based · The report is based on a study by Bradford Business Link.· Much of the data on disappearing species is based upon studies of species that have disappeared from islands.· Designs based upon interpenetration studies by Paul Klee.· Animal models of man Psychobiology is based largely on studies of behavioural and physiological processes in non-human animals.· This conclusion is based on studies of human society, both modern and tribal, and on comparisons with apes and birds.· This brief report is based on a study of the response of boards to the materials and training provided.· A number of empirical studies of the volatility-volume relationship based on studies of futures other than index futures is summarized in Table 8.3. ► carry · To help tackle the problem, the park authority is carrying out a research study.· It has carried out a five-year study which it says shows no significant increase in radiation is reaching the earth's surface.· Interestingly neither of these two people were sociologists, though sociologists have carried out participant studies amongst homosexuals and criminal gangs.· Two studies will be carried out.· The most detailed type of sorting consists of carrying out a die study.· Scientists at the laboratory will carry out a study to gain a clearer picture of the dummy's effectiveness.· The Agriculture Minister, John Gummer, said that the government would carry out a pilot study into pollution control methods. ► conduct · The national Perinatal Epidemiology Unit in Oxford is conducting a nation-wide study into the subject.· Astra refuses to conduct further rat studies with lower doses of ranitidine, saying that this is Glaxo's job.· Shine, who distrusts photographs, has been conducting environmental studies at the lake for 20 years.· Interviews will be conducted early in the study and repeated two years later.· The port is conducting studies in hopes of proving the point.· Describe how you would conduct a study to investigate the well-being of such ex-patients.· Its members conduct studies that are mainly sociological in nature, looking at questions like the importance of counselling to hysterectomy patients. ► include · In London, however, his scope widened to include the study of important contemporary texts.· The doctors must explain the uncertainty of the outcome when seeking permission to include some one in the study.· No night duty was included in the study.· Nisbett and Cohen say they did not include blacks in their study because homicide rates for blacks are unrelated to region.· All patients had normal serum concentrations of liver enzymes and bilirubin and were included consecutively in the study.· The report did not include studies of areas as hot as Tucson.· The research will include case studies of 20 schools in three local education authorities, examining change as it occurs.· Forbes joined the race too late to be included in the study, said Lewis. ► undertake · I want to undertake the postgraduate study in Britain.· One man undertook his studies with uncommon diligence, laboring nights, and walked away with seven pairs.· When we undertook our study we found that the categorisation usually made of the special needs of children was insufficiently detailed.· It has also undertaken studies and simulation exercises in emergency planning.· This 1960 Act required the Surgeon General to undertake studies of the health effects of motor vehicle exhaust emissions.· Now that you have considered these empirical studies, you should be more capable of undertaking your own study.· One department uses a library mainly when undertaking a major study which requires the stimulation of a general library search.· It undertook feasibility studies to determine the usefulness of various techniques as applied to frescos and plasterwork. Phrases PHRASES FROM THE ENTRY► make a study of something► be a study in something Franklin and Eleanor Roosevelt were a study in contrasts. And the short story is studied in depth in school and college. Browsing the computer bookshelves is a study in marketing psychology. In 1850 he was studying in Venice. Nevertheless the specific problems and prospects of the churches' own media need to be studied in greater depth. Platelets are studied in an artificial environment and the very process of preparing the platelet sample for study may affect their behaviour. The downtown area, known as Chelsea, is a study in contrasts. The DynCorp contract is a study in vagueness. The impact of several diseases can be compared directly when they are studied in the same population during the same periods. ► a quick study He rarely missed work and was considered a quick study. Garnett is indeed a quick study. I was a quick study, learning my way around new subject areas fast. ► somebody’s studies James interrupted his studies to travel around Europe for a year. My uncle asked me how I was enjoying my studies. She plans to continue her studies at Colgate in the fall. PHRASES FROM OTHER ENTRIES► bury yourself in your work/studies etc► comparative study/analysis etc All the topics covered would have to be placed in context but there would be no, say, comparative studies. Other recent examples of comparative studies are those of Lowe - independent study modules and lecture tours, in 1981. She said a comparative study of about 15, 000 randomly selected Gulf War veterans is planned for the near future. Space and resources preclude an exhaustive or even an extensive comparative study in this work. The comparative study of institutions is not new in political science. The comparative study of kinship terminologies is one of the longest established traditions in academic anthropology. Thus, the comparative analysis of achievable stopping patterns by bus, light rail and suburban rail is well done. ► cost-benefit analysis/study/approach Any careful cost-benefit analysis will show that every social practice and institution has limitations and presents difficulties as well as opportunities. Does this enable the court to take into account the comparative social utility of the product and apply a cost-benefit analysis? Easing actions were subject to an instant cost-benefit analysis. Economists have long been calling for safety regulations to be subject to cost-benefit analysis. Environmental intangibles have been built into the cost-benefit analysis in the same way as they are for road schemes. Few laws require cost-benefit analysis for new rules and many actively prohibit it. The port should have the results of a cost-benefit analysis within 120 days, Bowman said. The third approach to merger policy is the cost-benefit approach. ► independent study/learning Councillors will discuss the possibility of funding an independent study into the mine's viability. In the spring semester Gordon taught two seminars and took on more than a dozen students for independent study projects. It will make provision for mixed-ability groups much easier to organise, and encourage independent study. Other recent examples of comparative studies are those of Lowe - independent study modules and lecture tours, in 1981. The course manual can be used for independent study. The increased use of independent learning at higher levels within the pathway is reflected in the assessment pattern within the modules. Two independent studies since the 1968 election confirm the trend. Would you like to do this as an independent study? ► pilot study/project/scheme etc A pilot study is being carried out with Manchester University. Olmsted saw Niagara as a pilot project for a larger and more ambitious campaign. Schools are being invited to put forward their brightest pupils to do the tests as part of the pilot scheme. The pilot scheme bid backed in principle by the committee yesterday is proposed for Darlington and Durham. The colours were roughly matched for salience in pilot studies with healthy observers. The Environmental Defense Fund brokered a series of pilot projects in Juarez, including one to test vehicle emissions. Under a pilot scheme multinationals have been allowed to issue their own work permits to foreign staff. With modest resources, the Agriculture Department is introducing the new technologies to growers in a handful of pilot projects nationwide. Word family WORD FAMILYnounstudentstudystudiousnessadjectivestudiousstudiedverbstudyadverbstudiously 1research [countable] a piece of work that is done to find out more about a particular subject or problem, and usually includes a written report:  Recent studies show that women still get paid a lot less than men.study of/into/on a study of Australian wild birds The study was carried out between January and May 2008. → case study2learning [uncountable] when you spend time learning, especially at home or by yourself rather than during school:  Set aside a period of time specifically for study. ways to improve study skills (=skills that help you study efficiently and be successful in school)3subject [uncountable] (also studies [plural]) a subject that people study at a college or universitystudy of Linguistics is the study of language. Environmental Studiesliterary/historical/scientific etc study the scientific study of earthquakes4somebody’s studies the work that someone does in order to learn about a particular subject, especially the courses they take at a college or university:  How are your studies coming along?begin/continue/stop etc your studies I gave up my studies when I had the baby.5careful consideration [uncountable] when you examine or consider something very carefully and in detail:  a report that deserves careful study6room [countable] a room in a house that is used for work or study → office7art [countable] a small detailed drawing, especially one that is done to prepare for a large painting:  Renoir’s studies of small plants and flowers8music [countable] a piece of music, usually for piano, that is often intended for practice9make a study of something to try to find out more about a subject10be a study in something literary to be a perfect example of something:  His face was a study in fear.11a quick study American English someone who learns things quicklyCOLLOCATIONSverbsdo a study/carry out a study (also conduct a study formal)· The scientists are carrying out a study into the effects of global warming.a study finds something· The study found that men were more likely to take risks.a study shows something· Studies have shown that the drug works.a study suggests/indicates something· A British study suggests that older drivers are safer drivers.a study reveals something (=shows something, especially something surprising)· A recent study revealed that 74% of donuts are bought on impulse.a study confirms something (=shows that something is true)· The study confirms what we all know – smoking is also bad for the people around you.a study aims to do something· The study aimed to identify the housing needs of local people.publish a study· The study was published in the British Medical Journal.fund a study (=pay for it)· The study was funded by a major US drugs company.commission a study (=ask someone to carry out a study)· The government has commissioned a study into the health of residents living near the power station.ADJECTIVES/NOUN + studya research study· Research studies have found that young people are drinking no more than they were 20 years ago.a detailed study (also an in-depth study)· They carried out a detailed study into the effects of the disease on mice.a two-year/three-month etc study· They are engaged in a five-year study into the effects of calcium on bone health.a huge/massive study· The journal published the results of a massive study of 87,000 women.a previous/earlier study· The report is a summary of the work done in earlier studies.a pilot study (=one done to find out if something will be successful)· The government has just completed a pilot study, with some encouraging results.a feasibility study (=one done to find out if something is possible or practical)· They commissioned a feasibility study into re-opening the whole railway line.phrasesthe aims of a study· The aims of this study are to examine the reliability of current techniques.the results/findings of a study· The results of this study suggest that the drug is effective in over 80% of cases.· His research confirmed the findings of earlier studies. study1 nounstudy2 verb studystudy2 ●●● S1 W1 verb (past tense and past participle studied, present participle studying, third person singular studies) Verb Table VERB TABLE study Simple Form Present I, you, we, they study he, she, it studies Past I, you, he, she, it, we, they studied Present perfect I, you, we, they have studied he, she, it has studied Past perfect I, you, he, she, it, we, they had studied Future I, you, he, she, it, we, they will study Future perfect I, you, he, she, it, we, they will have studied Continuous Form Present I am studying he, she, it is studying you, we, they are studying Past I, he, she, it was studying you, we, they were studying Present perfect I, you, we, they have been studying he, she, it has been studying Past perfect I, you, he, she, it, we, they had been studying Future I, you, he, she, it, we, they will be studying Future perfect I, you, he, she, it, we, they will have been studying Examples EXAMPLES FROM OTHER DICTIONARIES "Is Ian coming with us?" "He can't - he's studying for his exams." A team of scientists has been studying the effects of acid rain over a twenty-year period. Alan hardly studied for the test, but he still passed. Dad thinks I should study to be a doctor, but I'm not interested in medicine. He's studying to be a lawyer. He studied for the bar exam all year, and he still didn't pass. His parents sent him to Moscow to study physics, chemistry, and mathematics. I'm going to spend the afternoon studying my notes. I can't go to the movie tonight - I have a big test to study for. I won't comment till I've had time to study the proposals. If you study hard, you'll be able to get into a good university. It's difficult to study when the weather's so hot. Less than 10% of girls choose to study Science at school. My parents first met when dad was studying in England. NASA has used the space shuttle to study how materials perform in a weightless environment. Nicoll was himself a noted psychologist and studied under Jung in Zurich. Schultes has spent a lifetime studying hallucinogenic drugs. She's studying Music at Berkeley College in Boston. She's at business school, studying to be an accountant. She spent several years studying the behaviour of gorillas in Africa. EXAMPLES FROM THE CORPUS As a teen, Dunn was encouraged by her father to study art in college. However, having studied all these reports, it does seem that voluntary organisation involvement is encouraged through national policy guidelines. I studied cases of tuberculosis in hospital employees between 1984 and 1992. If Angel had studied at Cambridge he would never have become a farmer and married a country girl. Language change is one of the subjects of historical linguistics, the subfield of linguistics that studies language in its historical aspects. The bill says nothing about requiring taggants in gunpowder, only studying them. This allowed him to study many waves traveling along more or less the same path. Thesaurus THESAURUS► study verb [intransitive, transitive] to learn about a subject at school, university etc: · If you study hard, you’ll get a good job.· He studied law at Harvard University. ► take verb [transitive] to study a subject that you have chosen at school, college etc: · What classes are you taking next semester?· In my final year, I decided to take English and economics. ► do verb [transitive] British English informal to study a particular subject at school or university: · I can’t decide whether to do German or Spanish next year.· Did you do computing at school? ► major in something phrasal verb American English to study something as your main subject at a college or university: · Diane majored in psychology at the University of Washington. ► revise verb [intransitive] British English to study to prepare for an examination: · It’s best to start revising early.· He’s revising for his final exams. ► cram verb [intransitive] informal to study very hard and try to learn a lot of information just before an examination: · Everyone’s cramming for their final exams. ► do research to study something in a very detailed way, especially in order to discover new information about it: · He does research at Oxford University.· I’m doing research into second language learning.· It’s difficult to do research on humans. Longman Language Activatorto study something at school, university etc► study to learn about a subject by reading books, going to classes etc: · It's difficult to study when the weather's so hot.· I've been studying English for six years now.· His parents sent him to Moscow to study physics, chemistry, and mathematics.· If you study hard, you'll be able to get into a good university.study to be something: · She's at business school, studying to be an accountant.study under (=receive lessons from a famous teacher): · Nicoll was himself a noted psychologist and studied under Jung in Zurich. ► take to study a subject - use this to talk about subjects that you choose to study at school, college, university etc: · What classes are you taking next semester?· In my final year, I decided to take English, French, and economics.· All freshmen have to take at least one composition course. ► do British informal to study a particular subject at school or university: · I can't decide whether to do German or Spanish next year.· Did you do computing at school?do a course: · Why not do a language course at your local college? ► major in American to study something as your main subject at a college or university: · What are you majoring in?· Diane majored in psychology at the University of Washington. ► minor in American if you minor in a subject, it is the second most important subject you study at a college or university: · I'm planning to study computer science, but I still might minor in English. ► take lessons also have lessons British to pay for lessons from a teacher in order to study a subject or skill in your free time: · My mother wants me to take violin lessons.· I'm having Spanish lessons after work.take lessons in: · Students at the school can even take lessons in golf. ► read British formal to study a subject at university: · Oliver is reading philosophy at Oxford.· She went on to read medicine at Edinburgh. ► place British an offer or opportunity to study as a student at a particular school, college, or university: · Studies show that students from wealthier backgrounds are more likely to be offered places at high-achieving schools.have/get a place (at): · Jenny has a place to study law at Exeter this year.· If I get a place at Manchester, I'll take it. to study to prepare for an examination► study to learn the information you need to prepare yourself for a test or examination: · I'm going to spend the afternoon studying my notes.· The test is supposed to be hard - aren't you going to study at all?study for: · He studied for the bar exam all year, and he still didn't pass.· I can't go to the movie tonight - I have a big test to study for. ► revise British to read books, notes etc in order to prepare for an examination that you are going to take: · Ahmed's upstairs, revising.· What are you revising tonight?revise for: · The library was full of students revising for the final exams. ► cram informal to study very hard just before an examination, especially because you do not know enough: · You'll really have to cram if you want to pass the test.cram for: · Everyone's cramming for their final exams. ► swot British informal to study for an examination: · He's sure to pass - he's been swotting away for months.swot for: · I was too busy swotting for my exams to be much interested in girls. ► bone up on informal to study a particular subject to prepare for a test or examination: · I've been boning up on my Latin for the entrance exam. to study something in order to discover new facts► study to examine something carefully, do tests on it etc, in order to find out more about it and discover new facts: · She spent several years studying the behaviour of gorillas in Africa.· The discovery will be of great interest to scientists studying the origins of the universe.study how/why/when etc: · NASA has used the space shuttle to study how materials perform in a weightless environment. ► analyse British /analyze American to carefully examine information, reports, the results of tests etc, in order to understand something better: · We use a special computer program to analyse all the sales figures.· We will have to analyze the results of the survey before making any decisions. ► do/conduct research also carry out research to study a subject in a careful, detailed way, in order to discover new information or produce new ideas about it: · Dr. Cooper is a surgeon who does research at Harvard University.· The organization's laboratories conduct advanced research in areas such as electronics, biotechnology, and engineering.do/conduct research into/on: · Baskin has made several trips to Nicaragua to carry out research on land distribution. ► research to study a subject in a careful, detailed way, in order to discover new information or produce new ideas about it: · Vargas began researching his family's history 12 years ago.· It is important to research the market fully before offering a new product for sale.research into British: · Doctors researching into the causes of the disease believe they may have found a cure. the work that you do when you study something► somebody's studies all the work that someone does when they are a student at school or university: · My uncle asked me how I was enjoying my studies.· James interrupted his studies to travel around Europe for a year.· She plans to continue her studies at Colgate in the fall. ► homework work that a school student is given to do during free time, not during lessons: · Don't you kids have any homework?· Mrs Burgess gives more homework than the other teachers.do your homework: · Go to your room and do your math homework before you start watching TV. ► coursework all the work that a student has to do as part of a course of study, but not the examinations: · The diploma requires 30 hours of coursework.· Half of the marks are for the exam, and half are for coursework. ► revision British when you read books, notes etc in order to prepare for an examination that you are going to do: · How is your history revision going?do revision: · I can't come out tonight - I've got a lot of revision to do. ► study a piece of work, especially one that includes a written report, that involves studying a particular subject in order to find out more about it: · Recent studies have shown that women find it harder than men to give up smoking.study on: · Berne has published a review of studies on sex education programs in public schools.study of: · Our comparative study of political culture includes five democracies.do/conduct/carry out a study: · We're doing a study into how much time people spend watching television each day. ► research careful, detailed work that you do in order to discover new information or produce new ideas about a particular subject: · Recent research has shown that human language is much older than we previously thought.research into: · More research is needed into the ways in which this virus is spread.research on: · He hopes that his book will inspire more research on alcoholism.scientific/historical/clinical etc research: · There is no scientific research to back up the company's claims.do/conduct/carry out research: · She's doing research into the connection between crime and poverty.· Many of the questions can be answered without carrying out any new research. a student► student someone who is studying at school, university etc: · We would welcome suggestions from both teachers and students.· Student leaders had organized a sit-in to protest against the war.high school/college etc student: · The study found that drug use among high school students is rising.English/engineering/business etc student: · Seventy percent of the university's business students have job offers by graduation.student of: · Wiggins was a student of theology for many years before leaving the seminary.student days (=the time when you were a student): · Mira hadn't seen Brad since their student days at the University of Wisconsin. ► pupil especially British a child who studies at a school: · The school has over 700 pupils.· The new law reduces the number of pupils per class in the first four years of schooling. ► learner someone who is learning about a particular subject - used especially by teachers and people talking about the needs of students: · A major aim of education is to improve learners' understanding of the world around them.· At the end of each chapter there is a series of exercises designed to help the learner. ► schoolboy/schoolgirl/schoolchild especially British a child who studies at a school: · He was quickly surrounded by schoolgirls asking for his autograph.· Only 10% of British schoolchildren attend private schools. ► schoolkid informal a child who studies at a school: · I was just a schoolkid - I didn't know anything about poetry or literature.· They were standing outside giggling away like a couple of naughty schoolkids. ► undergraduate someone who is studying at a university in order to get their first degree: · They met when they were undergraduates at Cambridge.· The loans, which are based on financial need, are limited to $3000 for undergraduates. ► English/history etc major American someone who is studying English, history etc as their main subject at a college or university: · Her boyfriend was a political science major at Berkeley.· I was a biology major in college, but I've forgotten almost everything I learned. ► postgraduate British /graduate student American someone who is studying for a higher degree after their first degree: · About half the graduate students in the program come from overseas.· He has three postgraduates helping him with his research. to examine something► examine to look at something carefully and thoroughly because you want to find out more about it: · Experts who examined the painting believe it is genuine.· Her new book examines the causes of social discontent.· A team of divers was sent down to examine the wreckage.examine something for something (=in order to find something): · The police will examine the weapon for fingerprints. ► look carefully/closely to look carefully at something in order to see small details: · If you look carefully, you can see the artist's name in the corner of the picture.look carefully/closely at: · I had to look closely at the two fish to tell them apart. ► take/have a look at especially spoken to look carefully at something in order to find out what is wrong with it or to find out something about it: · "You'd better take a look at this," she said, passing me a letter.· I've asked Ken to have a look at the car - it's been making strange noises.take/have a good look at something (=look very carefully and thoroughly): · Take a good look at the photograph and see if you recognize anyone ► analyze also analyse British to examine something closely and in detail, especially a problem or a piece of information, in order to understand it: · Scientists use computers to help analyse the data.· One of the problems in analyzing the situation is that we do not have all the information yet. ► study to spend a lot of time examining something very carefully, for example a document, a plan, or a problem: · I won't comment till I've had time to study the proposals.· A team of scientists has been studying the effects of acid rain over a twenty-year period. ► check to look at something carefully and thoroughly to make sure that it is correct, safe, or working properly: · Their passports were checked by immigration officers at the airport.check something for something (=in order to find something): · We need to check the building for structural damage. ► check over to quickly examine every part of something to make sure that it is correct or safe: check over something: · The editor always checks over what I've written.check something over: · I'm going to take the car in and ask the mechanic to check it over before we go on vacation. ► inspect to look at something carefully and thoroughly to make sure that it is correct, safe, or working properly, especially when it is your job to do this: · The building is regularly inspected by a fire-safety officer.· Russian and American teams will have the right to inspect each other's missile sites.· Some insurance people have already been here to inspect the damage caused by the storm.inspect something for something (=in order to find something): · All trucks coming through are inspected for mechanical violations. ► go through/go over to examine something such as a document or plan thoroughly from beginning to end, especially in order to check that it is correct: · I'd like to go over last month's accounts with you.· You should still go through the contract with a lawyer before you sign. ► look over to look at every part of something in order to see if it is satisfactory, but fairly quickly and without paying much attention to detail: look over something: · I've looked over all the records and they seem okay.look something over: · The book is expensive, so look it over to make sure it's what you really want. ► scrutinize also scrutinise British to examine something very closely and carefully in order to find out whether there is anything wrong, especially because it is your official duty to do this: · The coach's assistants stood along the field and scrutinized every move we made.· The Federal Trade Commission is scrutinizing the proposed merger of the two companies. to learn how to do something, or learn about something► learn to learn how to do something, or to learn about a subject, especially by being taught or trained: · How long have you been learning German?· The CD is specially designed to let children learn at their own pace.learn to do something: · His daughter's learning to drive.· William learned to read when he was four.learn how to do something (=learn a method or skill): · On this course, you will learn how to deal with communication problems.· How long did it take you to learn how to do this?learn about: · Before you sail, you need to learn about basic boat controls.· Our children attend the group twice a week to learn about Sikhism. ► study to learn about a subject by reading books and going to classes at a school or university: study English/Biology/Music etc: · Less than 10% of girls choose to study Science at school.· She's studying Music at Berkeley College in Boston.· My parents first met when dad was studying in England.study to be a doctor/lawyer/accountant etc: · He's studying to be a lawyer.· Dad thinks I should study to be a doctor, but I'm not interested in medicine.study for a test/diploma/an examination: · "Is Ian coming with us?" "He can't - he's studying for his exams."· Alan hardly studied for the test, but he still passed. ► train to learn the skills and get the experience that you need in order to do a job: · Chris trained at an airbase in Honduras. train to be a hairdresser/teacher/pilot/nurse etc: · Julie is training to be a nurse.· Her husband trained to be an auto mechanic, but he can't find a job.train for a job/career/occupation: · Melanie trained for a career in music, but switched to photography in her early thirties.· We want to encourage people who left school early to train for better jobs. ► pick up informal to learn something easily, without making much effort or having lessons: pick up something: · I picked up a few words of Turkish when I was in Istanbul.pick something up: · The rules are really easy - you'll pick them up.· Roy's a bright little boy, and he picks things up really quickly. ► get the hang of spoken to learn how to do something that is fairly complicated: · Using the software isn't difficult once you get the hang of it.· It took me ages to get the hang of using chopsticks.· That's it. You're getting the hang of it now. ► master to learn a skill or a language completely so that you have no difficulty with it: · It takes years to master the art of weaving.· She soon got to know the local customs and eventually mastered the language.· Children have usually mastered the concepts of weight and length by the age of 8. ► familiarize yourself with also familiarise British to learn about a subject, or how to do something, especially by reading books, notices, instructions etc, because you know you are going to need this knowledge in the future: · She prepared for the interview by familiarizing herself with all aspects of the company's work.· You must familiarize yourself with the evacuation procedure in case of a fire. WORD SETS► Education absenteeism, nounacademic, adjectiveacademy, nounadult education, nounalma mater, nounassessment, nounassessor, nounassignment, nounaudiovisual, adjectiveAV, binder, nounbiology, nounblackboard, nounbursary, nounbusiness studies, nounCAL, nounCALL, nouncareer counselor, nouncareers officer, nouncase study, nounCDT, nouncert., certificate, nouncertificated, adjectivechalkboard, nouncharm school, nounchemistry set, nouncivics, nounclass, nounclassicist, nounclassmate, nouncloze test, nouncoach, nouncoeducation, nouncollege, nouncollegiate, adjectivecommon room, nouncomprehension, nouncomprehensive, adjectivecomputer-literate, adjectivecomputer science, nouncontinuing education, nouncorrespondence course, nouncoursebook, nouncoursework, nouncrash course, nouncredit, nouncrib, verbcross, nouncurriculum, nounD, noundiploma, noundirect method, nounDirector of Studies, noundissect, verbdistance learning, noundistinction, noundo, verbdropout, noundyslexia, nounedify, verbedifying, adjectiveeducate, verbeducational, adjectiveeducationalist, nouneducator, nounEFL, nounELT, nounESL, nounESOL, nounESP, nounessay, nounevening class, nounexam, nounexamination, nounexamine, verbexercise, nounexercise book, nounexternal, adjectiveextracurricular, adjectiveF, fail, nounfellowship, nounfield, nounfield day, nounfield trip, nounfieldwork, nounflashcard, nounflip chart, nounflunk, verbfree period, nounfresher, nounfreshman, nounfurther education, nounglobe, noungoverness, noungrade, verbgraded, adjectivegrade point average, noungrind, nounheuristic, adjectivehistory, nounimmersion, nounineducable, adjectiveinfirmary, nounintake, nounintelligence quotient, nouninterdisciplinary, adjectiveintroductory, adjectiveinvigilate, verbIQ, nounjanitor, nounlearning curve, nounlesson, nounletter, nounletter, verbliberal arts, nounlibrarian, nounlibrary, nounlife science, nounmainstream, adjectivemasterclass, nounmatron, nounmedia studies, nounmnemonic, nounmoderate, verbmoderator, nounmodular, adjectivemodule, nounmultiple choice, adjectivenight school, nounnumerate, adjectiveopen house, nounoral, nounoverqualified, adjectivepapier mâché, nounpass, verbpass, nounpastoral, adjectivepedagogical, adjectivepedagogue, nounpedagogy, nounphonics, nounphrasebook, nounphysical education, nounpicture book, nounplacement, nounplaytime, nounpoli sci, nounpolitical science, nounpolitics, nounprincipal, nounprize day, nounproblem, nounproctor, nounprogrammed learning, nounprotégé, nounquad, nounqualification, nounqualify, verbquick, adjectiverector, nounre-educate, verbrefectory, nounreference, nounreference library, nounrequirement, nounresearch, nounresearch, verbresit, verbresource, nounresult, nounresume, nounretake, verbretake, nounreunion, nounreview, verbrevise, verbrevision, nounrole-play, nounrote, nounscholar, nounscholarship, nounscholastic, adjectiveschool, nounscience, nounscript, nounself-taught, adjectiveset, verbspeciality, nounspelling bee, nounstandard, adjectivestate school, nounstudent body, nounstudent government, nounstudent loan, nounstudent teaching, nounstudent union, nounstudy, verbstudy hall, nounsub, nounsummer holidays, nounsummer vacation, nounsuperintendent, nounteacher, nounteaching, nountechie, nounterm, nounterm paper, nounTESL, nounTESOL, nountext, nountextbook, nountick, nountick, verbtimetable, nountimetable, verbtranscript, nountrimester, nountruancy, nountuition, nountutor, nountutor, verbunderclassman, noununit, noununseen, nounvisual aid, nounvocational, adjectivewhiteboard, nounworkbook, nounworksheet, nounX, nounyearbook, noun Collocations COLLOCATIONS FROM THE ENTRY► study law/business/history etc (=study a subject at a school or university) Anna is studying French literature. ► study to be a doctor/lawyer etc  My brother’s studying to be an accountant. ► study for an exam/diploma etc  I’ve only got three weeks left to study for my exams. COLLOCATIONS FROM OTHER ENTRIES► academic study · After academic study, you have to gain practical experience. ► training/study aids · Receive free study aids when you enrol, including a copy of The IDM Marketing Guide worth £95. ► a study bedroom (=for students, with a bed and a desk)· In my first year at university I had a really tiny study bedroom. ► business studies (=a course of study about business)· She did business studies at college. ► Business studies · Business studies is now a popular subject. ► careful analysis/examination/study etc  careful analysis of the data ► carry out a study · He has carried out various studies into violent behaviour. ► carry out a study · He has carried out various studies into violent behaviour. ► a close study · Their research involved a close study of two communities. ► a comprehensive study/survey/assessment · The report includes a comprehensive study of the company’s training needs. ► conduct a study/review · Scientists conducted a study of the area affected by the nuclear disaster. ► definitive study/work/guide etc  the definitive study of Victorian railway stations ► examine/consider/study something in detail · He asked his lawyer to examine the contract in detail. ► consider/examine/study the evidence · Having considered all the evidence, the court found him not guilty. ► study for an exam (also revise for an exam British English)· She has to study for her exams. ► study for an examination (also revise for an examination British English)· I have been studying all week for the examination. ► experimental work/studies  experimental studies on birds and animals ► film studies · She’s studying for a diploma in film studies. ► full-scale study/review etc  The government will conduct a full-scale inquiry into the crash. ► work/study etc full-time  She works full-time and has two kids. The success of the series enabled her to concentrate full-time on writing. ► study/examine the implications · He has studied the implications of recent technical innovations. ► in-depth study/research/analysis etc  an in-depth study of patients’ needs ► laboratory tests/experiments/studies ► study leave British English (=time that you are allowed away from work because you are taking a course)· The company offers study leave for staff development. ► longitudinal study/survey/research etc  a longitudinal study of unemployed workers ► study a map (=look carefully at a map)· They studied the map before setting out. ► Media studies is · Media studies is a very popular subject. ► read/study the menu · Sandy read the menu, but didn’t see anything he wanted to eat. ► object of study  an object of study ► perform an experiment/study etc · Part of the Chemistry exam involves performing an experiment. ► a qualitative analysis/study  a qualitative study of educational services qualitative research ► studies/evidence/research etc shows  Several studies have shown that aggressive toys lead to bad behaviour. ► evidence/results/data/studies etc suggest(s) that  The evidence suggests that single fathers are more likely to work than single mothers. ► superficial examination/study etc  Even a superficial inspection revealed serious flaws. ► undertake research/a study · Students may undertake full-time supervised research leading to the award of a Ph.D. ► study (something) at a university · She studied law at Edinburgh University. COLLOCATIONS FROM THE CORPUSNOUN► college · They always encouraged varied materials where I studied at art college in Loughborough.· As a teen, Dunn was encouraged by her father to study art in college.· Her friends, also studying at exclusive colleges, said they had no difficulty being served drink despite their ages.· Some of the students come for extra help for courses they are studying at the college.· Karen therefore studied school administration in college and went into this field. ► detail · The few examples of state formation which have been studied in detail are all significantly different in important respects.· I had to steel myself to look again so that I could study the details dispassionately.· Despite being one of the commonest and most widespread birds in Britain, until recently it had not been studied in detail.· The magnetic field is thus one aspect of the earth that scientists have studied in detail for centuries.· During S2 the same topics are studied but in more detail and greater emphasis is placed on accuracy and presentation.· Take time to study the details.· We can study in detail how the complementary descriptions of position and momentum relate to each other.· This idea has not been studied in detail in any lek species to date. ► face · He climbed the ladder and studied his face for half an hour in the silver disc that was his halo.· She studied her face again, watching herself take a drag of her cigarette.· Simply study the face of the youngster featured.· Realizing that Foley was studying his face, he flushed.· I would keep my eyes resolutely shut while he studied my face.· Mallachy turned away from Jessica, Karen studied Rory's face.· I looked more closely, studying his face with as much detachment as I could. ► history · From 1969 to 1977 he worked as an X-ray technician in Jerusalem, and then studied history at Beirut University.· You study the history of religions, comparative religion, the scriptures of the world, maybe the psychology of religion.· Well, one gets a bit tired of studying ancient history.· What had I really learned from studying history and psychology and philosophy and literature?· Many overseas students come to study the languages, history, culture and traditions of this country.· As Figure 1.3 shows, those who study history are eminently trainable for a wide variety of occupations.· That's one of the important reasons why we need to study history.· Two years have been set aside to allow time to study a period of History in sufficient depth. ► issue · This contact made him study the issue of conformity to the established church.· Few studies have attempted to study the issues from the point of view of the historian.· So now Clinton does Ike one better: He has created a seven-member commission to study racial issues.· The tribe waited to study the issue.· The committee, which studied the issue for 19 months, had signaled its conclusions in a draft report two months ago.· But they want more time to study the issue, preferably in hearings before the House Judiciary Committee and other relevant panels. ► language · He studied languages, studied political theory, knew diseases intimately, had official records of his skill as a pilot.· Many people have studied languages in the past in school or elsewhere and this knowledge can be built upon.· Language change is one of the subjects of historical linguistics, the subfield of linguistics that studies language in its historical aspects.· Many overseas students come to study the languages, history, culture and traditions of this country.· I would stay here for a year, study the language, live with people, write my book.· Because of poor health he was educated at home before enrolling at Glasgow University to study humanities and classical languages.· I had done my best to study the language in Fontanellato. ► opportunity · These records provided a rare opportunity to study the attenuation of strong seismic waves as a means of assessing seismic hazard.· Winningham lived near Granada Hills High but got an opportunity transfer to study theater at Chatsworth.· Some members had not yet had the opportunity to study the Report and the Trustees response.· University offers a unique opportunity to study subjects not offered at school as well as those of which applicants may have some experience.· The Faculty offers opportunities to study and conduct research in most branches of law and legal scholarship.· This discovery has given scientists a unique opportunity to study these unusual phenomena.· Sailing and trout fishing are available for the more active, and opportunities to study the wildlife are being developed.· She took over the serving of the tea and cakes and Jenna had the opportunity to study her surreptitiously. ► patient · We studied patients who had coronary arteriography and then later an infarct.· Also the specificity of our results needs to be verified as we did not study patients with other inflammatory bowel diseases.· Isner and his colleagues studied 10 patients with severe atherosclerosis.· We elected to study only patients with disabling liquid stool incontinence and urgency where conventional medical treatment had already failed.· Although we did not study any patients with severe symptoms, our findings seem to be clinically relevant.· They studied 27 patients suffering from irritable bowel syndrome who believed themselves to have food allergy or intolerance. ► researcher · This gives researchers the ability to study the abilities of each hemisphere of a single brain separately.· Still, dental researchers are studying adult teeth that have taken decades of abuse from food, drinks and sweets.· According to Townsend, the data should be invaluable to researchers studying rural areas.· In particular, the researcher may study himself or herself in order to maintain a specific behavior or change a specific behavior.· The methodology of ethnography is usually dependent upon the constraints operating on whom or what the researcher wants to study.· A rendezvous also would have permitted researchers to study the effects of electron emissions from the shuttle on the satellite.· Bird-watching has been used by many researchers to study children's behaviour.· Just how essential this help can be was documented over 18 years by a researcher studying these animals in a captive environment. ► school · For two years Anne studied hard at school.· Karen therefore studied school administration in college and went into this field.· This boy has studied at film school.· He began to complain about Theresa, who was studying for medical school.· And the short story is studied in depth in school and college.· Nestorius himself had studied at the theological school of Antioch, where his mentor was a man known as Theodore of Mopsuestia.· If it is vocationally disadvantageous to study history at school, it must be vocationally suicidal to study the subject at university. ► scientist · The social scientist tends to study events soas to draw conclusions of a more general and rather static kind.· Transmission has always been the burning issue for scientists interested in studying this epidemic.· Hard currency can be earned for the authorities from foreign scientists who want to study the effects of a nuclear accident.· In the past, Livermore scientists studied those mini-explosions to better understand the physics of nuclear weapons blasts.· Despite asking scientists studying penguins about this, none could give an answer.· The scientists studied nine large families in Utah and Colorado with multiple cases of schizophrenia.· The mating behaviour of pied flycatchers is immensely complicated and scientists studying them interpret their behaviour slightly differently.· When a scientist studies combustion, he peers though his instruments at one of the million aspects of the one great mystery. ► student · Exemplar assessments could be made available for students to study in order to give guidance on what is expected.· It was a little fish that was colorless and thoughtful-looking, one of those students who study hard and barely pass.· If the student is studying under a tutor or supervisor an adequate number of problems will be supplied to him.· Back in their high school biology class, the students had been studying the cardiovascular and respiratory systems.· She was also a physicist, one of the rare female students to study pure science.· The students in the above study had parents who placed a high value on education.· John Hebbes was a second year student, studying mathematics.· Then Jack had been a student studying zoology at the university; now he was a lecturer in computers. ► subject · University offers a unique opportunity to study subjects not offered at school as well as those of which applicants may have some experience.· Nor is the right to study any particular subject or any foreign language.· But it too uses passive tests most frequently when it is studying female subjects.· Their list looks remarkably like those of researchers who have studied this subject.· The student is therefore likely to study four different subjects in these two years, in up to four departments.· Tightly regulated standards for schools, including the number of minutes that are to be spent studying a subject.· To examine the reasons for studying a particular subject. 2.· U., studying some arcane subject that turned out to be completely irrelevant. ► university · Two-year course students may be a little older, and have already studied drama at university level.· She graduated from the Gymnasium and has even studied in the university.· Students combining Latin with a modern language usually spend their third year studying Latin at a university in the appropriate country.· Women were now studying at the university.· James had studied law at university but now was working in the personnel department of Cadbury's.· When my service here is finished, I hope to return to my mathematics studies at the university.· All but six of these students would be studying at university.· The proliferation of media studies centers at leading universities can play an increasingly important role in fostering critical self-examination of the media. VERB► spend · When you spend long periods studying the board the latter point becomes quite important.· Much of the time in the air was spent studying.· When she told him he spent hours studying catalogues and brochures deciding how to spend it.· A public service agency spends so much time studying the financial implications of a project that cost overruns are virtually guaranteed.· For the past year has spent her spare moments studying for an Open University degree in science and technology.· The Panthers' offense is fairly predictable, and the 49ers spent the offseason studying their defense.· He then spent five years studying surgery at Edinburgh, qualifying in 1938.· Tightly regulated standards for schools, including the number of minutes that are to be spent studying a subject. Phrases PHRASES FROM OTHER ENTRIES► bury yourself in your work/studies etc► comparative study/analysis etc All the topics covered would have to be placed in context but there would be no, say, comparative studies. Other recent examples of comparative studies are those of Lowe - independent study modules and lecture tours, in 1981. She said a comparative study of about 15, 000 randomly selected Gulf War veterans is planned for the near future. Space and resources preclude an exhaustive or even an extensive comparative study in this work. The comparative study of institutions is not new in political science. The comparative study of kinship terminologies is one of the longest established traditions in academic anthropology. Thus, the comparative analysis of achievable stopping patterns by bus, light rail and suburban rail is well done. ► cost-benefit analysis/study/approach Any careful cost-benefit analysis will show that every social practice and institution has limitations and presents difficulties as well as opportunities. Does this enable the court to take into account the comparative social utility of the product and apply a cost-benefit analysis? Easing actions were subject to an instant cost-benefit analysis. Economists have long been calling for safety regulations to be subject to cost-benefit analysis. Environmental intangibles have been built into the cost-benefit analysis in the same way as they are for road schemes. Few laws require cost-benefit analysis for new rules and many actively prohibit it. The port should have the results of a cost-benefit analysis within 120 days, Bowman said. The third approach to merger policy is the cost-benefit approach. ► independent study/learning Councillors will discuss the possibility of funding an independent study into the mine's viability. In the spring semester Gordon taught two seminars and took on more than a dozen students for independent study projects. It will make provision for mixed-ability groups much easier to organise, and encourage independent study. Other recent examples of comparative studies are those of Lowe - independent study modules and lecture tours, in 1981. The course manual can be used for independent study. The increased use of independent learning at higher levels within the pathway is reflected in the assessment pattern within the modules. Two independent studies since the 1968 election confirm the trend. Would you like to do this as an independent study? ► pilot study/project/scheme etc A pilot study is being carried out with Manchester University. Olmsted saw Niagara as a pilot project for a larger and more ambitious campaign. Schools are being invited to put forward their brightest pupils to do the tests as part of the pilot scheme. The pilot scheme bid backed in principle by the committee yesterday is proposed for Darlington and Durham. The colours were roughly matched for salience in pilot studies with healthy observers. The Environmental Defense Fund brokered a series of pilot projects in Juarez, including one to test vehicle emissions. Under a pilot scheme multinationals have been allowed to issue their own work permits to foreign staff. With modest resources, the Agriculture Department is introducing the new technologies to growers in a handful of pilot projects nationwide. Word family WORD FAMILYnounstudentstudystudiousnessadjectivestudiousstudiedverbstudyadverbstudiously 1[intransitive, transitive] to learn about a subject at school, university etc:  I’ve been studying English for six years. I can’t study with that music playing all the time.study law/business/history etc (=study a subject at a school or university) Anna is studying French literature.study at a university/school etc Stephen is currently studying at Exeter University.study to be a doctor/lawyer etc My brother’s studying to be an accountant.study for an exam/diploma etc I’ve only got three weeks left to study for my exams.study under somebody (=be trained by a famous teacher) a psychologist who studied under Jung in Zurich► see thesaurus at learn2[transitive] to try to find out more about a subject or problem, using scientific methods:  Goodall was studying the behavior of chimpanzees in the wild. The scientists were studying the action of a protein called ubiquitin.study how/what/why etc They’re studying how stress affects body chemistry.► see thesaurus at examine3[transitive] to look at something carefully SYN  look at:  She studied his face. They got out of the car and studied the map. I haven’t had time to study the proposals yet.THESAURUSstudy verb [intransitive, transitive] to learn about a subject at school, university etc: · If you study hard, you’ll get a good job.· He studied law at Harvard University.take verb [transitive] to study a subject that you have chosen at school, college etc: · What classes are you taking next semester?· In my final year, I decided to take English and economics.do verb [transitive] British English informal to study a particular subject at school or university: · I can’t decide whether to do German or Spanish next year.· Did you do computing at school?major in something phrasal verb American English to study something as your main subject at a college or university: · Diane majored in psychology at the University of Washington.revise verb [intransitive] British English to study to prepare for an examination: · It’s best to start revising early.· He’s revising for his final exams.cram verb [intransitive] informal to study very hard and try to learn a lot of information just before an examination: · Everyone’s cramming for their final exams.do research to study something in a very detailed way, especially in order to discover new information about it: · He does research at Oxford University.· I’m doing research into second language learning.· It’s difficult to do research on humans.
随便看	psychiatry psychic psychically Psycho psycho- psycho psychoactive psychoanalysis psychoanalyst psychoanalytic psychoanalytical psychoanalytically psychoanalyze psychobabble psychobiology psychodrama psychokinesis psychokinetic psychokinetically psychological psychologically psychologist psychology psychometric psychopath

英语词典包含52748条英英释义在线翻译词条，基本涵盖了全部常用单词的英英翻译及用法，是英语学习的有利工具。