subsidysub‧si‧dy /ˈsʌbsədi/ ●○○ AWL noun (plural subsidies) [countable] 
international disagreement over trade subsidies
WORD ORIGINsubsidy
Origin:
1300-1400 Latin subsidium ‘soldiers kept in reserve, support, help’, from sub- ‘near’ + sedere ‘to sit’EXAMPLES FROM OTHER DICTIONARIES
- Congress may cut some subsidies to farmers.
- Farm subsidies totaled $53 billion last year.
- Federal subsidies would be available to help employers pay the insurance premiums.
- Lacking the generous subsidies that European orchestras receive, modern American groups are under increasing pressure to play popular pieces.
- The taskforce has recommended some kind of subsidy to help businesses get their Internet start-ups off the ground.
- They built and financed a whole new suburb, and they did it without a public subsidy.
- US farmers are having trouble coping with the reductions in agricultural subsidies.
- Without state subsidies, the railways couldn't survive.
- And for two days officials from the General Council discussed with the Government the possibility of extending the subsidy.
- But donations to help elect or defeat political candidates have been denied such a subsidy since 1954.
- Government subsidies in the form of legal notices shrank while circulation and advertising income rose dramatically.
- Housing subsidies, food supplements, and health care will decline to levels that no longer can alleviate the pain.
- One delegate likened Mr Gummer's motion to abolish subsidies on agricultural production to turkeys voting for Christmas.
- Still, it amounted to a massive subsidy to Wall Street from Congress.
- The Commission official insisted these loans were repayable with interest, and did not constitute a subsidy.
- The devaluation and the cuts in subsidies resulted in price rises of between 100 and 120 percent.
Longman Language Activatormoney for starting a new business or other activity
British /financing American British money that you borrow or receive in order to pay for something important and expensive, for example for starting a business: · We can't continue our research unless we get more finance.· The business plan is strong, but without financing, it will never work.finance for: · Scottish Homes is the nation's biggest source of finance for house building. obtain/raise finance: · The next step was to obtain finance to develop the project.· You'll have to explain to them how you intend to raise the financing you need.provide finance: · The European Investment Bank will provide finance for a variety of regional initiatives.
a large amount of money that you can use to start a business or to pay for something that will later produce more money: · There is a shortage of capital for building new aircraft.· Our return on capital has more than doubled since 1980.investment capital: · The plan is expected to create vast amounts of investment capital.raise capital: · Since the stockmarket crash, companies have been trying to raise capital by selling new stock.
money that a government provides to pay for education, theatre, music etc, not for business activities: · The President has yet to approve the additional funding needed to implement the program. · If the funding were increased by just 12%, we could be close to a cure for the disease in five years.funding of: · A special body advises the government on the funding of research.funding for: · Cuts in funding for the arts has lead to the closure of several theatres.government/federal/state/public funding (=funding provided by the government): · Congress banned federal funding of embryo research in 1995.· The church is seeking an extra $300,000 in government funding.lack of funding (=not enough funding): · School facilities have deteriorated over the past six years because of a lack of funding.provide funding: · The Center will also provide funding to improve data collection and research.
the money that people or organizations give to a company, business, or bank, because they expect that they will get back more money than they gave: · In ten years' time, your investment should be worth four times what it is now.· Once we have seen an improvement in the company's performance, we will think about further investment.· exciting investment opportunitiesinvestment in: · We have the largest investment in microelectronics technology of any company in the world.make an investment: · The Postal Service has made an extremely large investment in automated technology.foreign investment (=investment in a country that is not your own country): · Foreign investment peaked in November, when overseas investors took advantage of low prices.sound investment (=an investment that is not likely to lose money): · Buying shares in blue-chip companies is always a sound investment.
money that is provided by a company or by the government to pay for someone to do something or pay for something such as a sports event, art show etc: · We are looking for sponsorship from local businesses.· Companies can help projects by providing financial sponsorship, office space, or printing facilities.sponsorship of: · a ban on tobacco company sponsorship of sports eventsgovernment/state sponsorship: · The exhibition received £50,000 in government sponsorship.corporate sponsorship (=sponsorship from a private company): · Corporate sponsorship ensures that far more money finds its way into sport than would otherwise be the case.
an amount of money that a government or other organization gives to someone to help pay for something good or useful, such as their education: · These grants will help communities address the problems faced by young people.grant from: · You can get a grant from the council to pay for the repairs.a grant of $400/£30 etc: · She received a grant of £20,000 from the Arts Council to set up the Centre.government/state/federal grant: · Researchers at the University of San Francisco will receive a $6.7 million federal grant for research on ovarian cancer.block grant (=money that the central government gives to local government to help pay for roads, police, schools etc): · Our role is to decide how the block grant should be allocated.development grant (=money that a government gives to a country or a city to help pay for economic development in a particular area): · The building was converted into flats with the aid of an urban development grant.· Most regions in Spain and Portugal qualify for sizeable development grants from the EU.research grant (=a grant given to someone to do research in a particular subject): · Research grants are plentiful in science and engineering subjects, but much harder to get in the humanities.award/give somebody a grant: · He was awarded a $25,000 grant by the Rockefeller Foundation, which enabled him to finish the work.apply for a grant: · To apply for a loan or grant, call 1-800-323-4140.· We're applying for a grant of £500 for equipment.grant proposal (=a special form that you fill in when you ask for a grant): · Jen was up all night writing her grant proposal.
money that the government provides to help a business or industry which might not be able to operate without this additional money: · The taskforce has recommended some kind of subsidy to help businesses get their Internet start-ups off the ground.· Lacking the generous subsidies that European orchestras receive, modern American groups are under increasing pressure to play popular pieces.state/federal/government/public subsidy : · Without state subsidies, the railways couldn't survive.· Federal subsidies would be available to help employers pay the insurance premiums.· They built and financed a whole new suburb, and they did it without a public subsidy.agricultural/farm subsidy: · US farmers are having trouble coping with the reductions in agricultural subsidies.· Farm subsidies totaled $53 billion last year.
WORD SETSabsolute advantage, active population, additionality, nounadjustable peg, nounannual earnings, anti-dumping, adjectiveanti-inflation, adjectiveausterity, nounbad debt, nounbalance of payments, nounbalance of trade, nounbalance sheet, nounbank money, bank rate, nounbankrupt, adjectivebankrupt, verbbankrupt, nounbarrier to trade, nounbilateralism, nounblack market, nounboom, nounbroad money, brown goods, nounbudget, nounCACM, capital accumulation, nouncapital formation, nouncapitalism, nouncapitalist, adjectivecapital surplus, cartel, nouncentral government borrowing requirement, CGBR, Chicago School, nounclosed economy, nouncommerce clause, commodity, nouncommodity product, comparative advantage, consumer, nounconsumer confidence, nounconsumer durables, nounconsumer goods, nounconsumer price index, nounconsumer surplus, consumption, nounconsumption function, nounCost of Production Theory of Value, nouncreditor turnover rate, nouncredit rationing, noundebt ratio, deflate, verbdemand, noundemand and supply, noundemand price, demonstration effect, deregulate, verbdeveloped, adjectivedirigisme, noundiscretionary spending, dishoarding, noundisinflation, noundisposable income, noundis-saving, noundisutility, noundiversify, verbdivision of labour, noundole queue, dollars-and-cents, adjectivedowntick, noundownturn, noundrawdown, nouneconomic, adjectiveeconomic goods, economic paradigm, economist, nouneconomy, nounefficient market, elasticity of demand, nounelasticity of substitution, nounembargo, verbemployment theory, euro-zone, exchange, nounExchange equalization account, exchange rate mechanism, nounexpectations, nounexpenditure, nounexternal account, external competitiveness, externality, nounfactor cost, factor of production, nounFederal funds, fiscal, adjectivefloor, nounflow of funds, nounforced saving, for-profit, adjectivefree enterprise, nounfree marketeer, nounfree movement, nounfree trade, nounGDP, nounGNP, nounGoldilocks economy, goods, noungoods and services, noungross domestic product, noungross national product, noungross product, nounguaranteed price, hyperinflation, nounIMF, the, IMF quota, imperfect competition, imperfect market, import, nounimport, verbimportation, nounimporter, nounincome effect, industrial output index, Industrial Sentiment index, inelastic, adjectiveinflate, verbinflation, nouninflationary, adjectiveintermediate goods, International Monetary Fund, nouninvestment goods, J-curve, nounknowledge economy, labour-intensive, adjectivelabour market, nounLaffer curve, nounlaissez-faire, nounliving standard, nounMaastricht Treaty, nounmacroeconomics, nounmarginal revenue, market-driven, adjectivemarket economy, nounmarket failure, market forces, nounmarket-led, adjectivemarket-oriented, adjectivemarket value, nounmixed economy, nounmonetarism, nounmonetary, adjectivemoney income, monopsony, nounmultilateralism, nounNAIRU, nounnational debt, nounnational income, nationalize, verbnational wealth, neocolonialism, nounnet output, NIC, nounnominal price, non-durable goods, open-market, adjectiveoutflow, nounoverheated, adjectivepass-along, nounpass-through, nounpeg, verbper-capita income, perfect competition, perfect market, personal saving, political economy, nounpost-industrial, adjectivePPI, price control, nounprice effect, price fixing, nounprice-fixing, nounprice index, nounprice-insensitive, adjectiveprice-sensitive, adjectiveprice support, nounprice theory, primary production, private enterprise, nounprivately-owned, adjectiveprivatization, nounprivatize, verbproducer price index, production control, protect, verbprotectionism, nounprotective, adjectivepublic enterprise, public ownership, nounpublic sector borrowing requirement, public service, nounPurchasing Managers' index, real, adjectivereal income, recession, nounreflation, nounrefund, nounRetail Price Index, scarcity value, nounshakeout, nounSingle European Market, slump, nounsocial accounting, socioeconomic, adjectivesqueeze, verbsqueeze, nounstagflation, nounstandard of living, nounstandard spending assessment, staple, nounstringent, adjectivesubsidy, nounsubstitution effect, surplus, nounsystematic risk, trade deficit, nountrade dispute, trade gap, nountrade surplus, nountrade-weighted index, trickle-down effect, nountrough, nountrust, noununder-investment, noununit of account, noununsystematic risk, uptick, nounvoodoo economics, noun
COLLOCATIONS FROM THE ENTRY international disagreement over trade subsidiesCOLLOCATIONS FROM THE CORPUSADJECTIVE
international disagreement over trade subsidies· In 1989 direct government expenditure on agricultural and industrial subsidies fell, in dollar terms, by 56% compared with 1988.· This may be the only way of escaping from the temptation of continuing perpetual agricultural subsidy in one guise or another.· State monopolies in the ports, telecommunications and fuel sectors would be abolished and agricultural and industrial subsidies ended.
· Further cuts in two stages were substantially to reduce the overall annual business subsidies, which totalled 51,000 million Marks.
· A second form of state intervention to promote rural industrialization is the use of direct subsidies to change manufacturers' relative costs.· Even in the prosperous South-East there are demands for direct subsidy and state assistance.· The Minister refused a direct subsidy, but brought pressure on the Central Authority to do something.
· They prop up prices for growers by controlling production rather than through federal subsidies.· By me, by others. Federal subsidies are still given to tobacco farmers.· The vote came on an amendment to a sweeping farm bill aimed at weaning farmers from federal subsidies.· They include federal subsidies for the arts, pioneered in New Deal programs for unemployed artists.· States and agencies that violate the new law would risk losing federal subsidies.· Most beneficiaries of federal housing subsidies are wealthy or at least upper middle class.· The price of domestic peanuts is protected through manipulation of the total quota rather than through federal subsidies.
· These higher totals were obtained through more generous subsidies and a stimulus to private building.
· In 1922 it received a shot in the arm through a large subsidy from the Central Committee.
· Nevertheless, the balance between central and local government subsidy for sport changed markedly in the late 1980s and early 1990s.· In the mid-1980s local authorities' subsidies to sport were more than twice the amount given by central government.
· Nuclear power still attracts massive subsidies while coal mining is expected to compete in a harsh world market.· Still, it amounted to a massive subsidy to Wall Street from Congress.· Elbing s shipyards were kept going after the war only as a result of massive subsidy from the Reich.· They claim foreign governments pay massive subsidies to their aerospace industries and the unequal competition threatens the Jetstream factory's future.
· That is not true today in many areas that previously had public subsidies.· Many of these projects are now losing massive amounts of money and only survive with public subsidies.· During the 1980s, legislation and public subsidies were directed at an increase in owner-occupation and an attack on council housing.· In the past, of course, no public subsidy was needed for the poor to purchase television sets.· And they did it without a public subsidy.· Or are public subsidies being given to support unspecified claims about cultural maintenance, diversity, and development?· The Government has cut public transport subsidies.· It might require public subsidies to political parties to finance their own newspapers and television stations.
NOUN· In order to compensate firms for the loss of their retention rights, the federal government set up a scheme of export subsidies.· Changes in tariffs and export subsidies might be used. 3.
· We hear about farm subsidies and the social wage.· Federal farm subsidies are riddled with hypocrisies.· Republicans would put a first-ever annual limit on farm subsidies.· Moreover, farm subsidies undermine the efforts of developing countries to follow Washington's economic prescriptions.· The price rises wiped out the need for farm subsidies.
· It was growing from the twin roots of controlled food prices and food subsidies.· Perhaps you have forgotten about the food subsidies?· Extra funds were given to agricultural production, food subsidies, and housing for armed forces personnel.· The unions threatened a further general strike on Aug. 22-23 if basic food subsidies and wages were not increased.
· He also took government subsidies for agriculture, applying them to his catch-cropping enterprise.· The only educational investment most banks are willing to make without government subsidies or guarantees is for medical students.· But Robert Brown, Bombardier's chief executive, told analysts yesterday the SkyWest deal involved no government subsidies.· The banks receive a government subsidy to cover the differential between market interest rates and the loan's fixed interest rate.· It relied on government subsidy and was closed at the end of 1958.· The farmers are also helped by a Government subsidy for the number of livestock they keep on the uplands.· Their experts wasted no time in cutting trade barriers, limiting government subsidies and selling off state industries.· Perhaps a government subsidy, sourced from entertainment tax, should have been applied in the interests of mass circulation.
· The proposed budget cuts would have affected housing subsidies, pensions, family payments and civil service pay.· Insulation, incredibly enough in our climate, did not get housing subsidy and so is primitive or non-existent.
· The cost of the compensation was being met out of the money saved by cutting price subsidies.· The cost transfer necessary would be far greater than the cost of the price subsidy.· A price subsidy causes the budget line to change to 13.· In this way the price subsidy scheme is a less efficient instrument for redistribution.
· Eleven ministries run 18 different subsidy schemes for everything from school lunches to milk.· In this way the price subsidy scheme is a less efficient instrument for redistribution.· Funding and subsidy schemes were only to be allowed provided they were open to all artists in the Community.
· This literature is very substantial and far more sophisticated than the state subsidy theory of strikes.· The school gets a $ 10. 3 million state subsidy, a third of its yearly budget.· The whole post-war attempt to democratise culture through State subsidy has failed.· Traditionally, the city has relied on federal and state subsidies to build affordable housing.· Expensive state subsidies cushioned but could not reverse Yucatan's long decline.· This is the state subsidy theory of strikes.· The second approach to verifying the state subsidy theory is through interviews with strikers.· In less fertile and inaccessible regions, introducing free market forces and removing state subsidies brought poverty instead of wealth.
· Anderson's proposal is for the tax subsidy to be limited to a five-year duration.· This raises an open question: What will these tax subsidies actually subsidize?· Paradoxically, the tax subsidy cushions the borrower from the full effects of a restrictive monetary policy.· It would eliminate some of the tax subsidies that benefit corporations.· Together they fought to keep the tax subsidy for churches in Connecticut and Massachusetts.· Without those tax subsidies, buyers will not be willing to pay the same prices for homes.
VERB· Further cuts in government subsidies on petrol, diesel, kerosene and fertilizer were announced.· The Government has cut public transport subsidies.· To raise the money, the government has increased taxes and cut subsidies.
· The Republicans' budget proposal for 1995 would have eliminated the subsidy students can get while in college.
· The government would end price controls and subsidies to industry, and impose tight budgets and curbs on welfare spending.· Would ending subsidies spell the end for small farms?
· The Good Parliament had refused to grant a subsidy, and accordingly another parliament was summoned for January 1377.
· Octavia Hill believed, with most other Victorians, that housing should pay its way to her, housing subsidies were unthinkable.· Most beneficiaries of federal housing subsidies are wealthy or at least upper middle class.· The young reformer has attacked previously untouchable sectors such as the energy monopolies and housing subsidies.· The plan provided for large-scale modernization and renovation of public housing and the continuation of some housing subsidies for new construction.
· The government remains committed to continuing to subsidise the industry, though not to increasing the subsidy.· It's because Middlesbrough Council can not afford to increase the subsidy for concessionary fares from £1.35m.· To raise the money, the government has increased taxes and cut subsidies.
· And national or local government may offer subsidies for businesses to set up in favoured areas.
· Rather than paying out subsidies, the Government now receives substantial annual taxation receipts.· It pays interest subsidies only to Ford Credit, not other finance houses.· Rather than do anything about it, the Council pay the farmers a subsidy to filter the water.· They claim foreign governments pay massive subsidies to their aerospace industries and the unequal competition threatens the Jetstream factory's future.· To pay for these subsidies the government must tax the rich.
· The central government decided to provide subsidies to local governments for the courses at the end of November.· Section 8 provides landlords with subsidies to maintain low-income housing for the poor and also gives financial assistance to tenants.· Ministers are considering providing subsidies to people in high-risk categories, as well as a legally enforce able moratorium.· Other activities, like job training, produce both private and collective benefits; hence governments often provide them a partial subsidy.· Intervention can be either negative for certain classes of asset holder or supportive by providing subsidies of varying magnitude.
· It received a subsidy of 6,000 acres per mile.· Those earning above that level would receive lesser subsidies.· The provincial authorities were to turn over more revenue to the state while receiving reduced subsidies, in order to centralize resources.· For those receiving subsidies, the federal aid would be enough to select up to the average-price plan.· The banks receive a government subsidy to cover the differential between market interest rates and the loan's fixed interest rate.· And a proposal that the city require companies receiving taxpayer subsidies to pay higher wages also went nowhere.· This proves expensive for the police, who receive no subsidy from soccer sources for officers on duty outside the stadium.· A growing number of clubs and societies such as the movie-makers, art appreciation and folk club, all receive Union subsidy.
· Routes may be closed, reducing accessibility, or subsidies may be removed, increasing fares for users at a stroke.· The privatisation of finance occurs when the government reduces subsidies or increases charges.· He anticipates that focusing management control will improve the efficiency of the operation and reduce the need for subsidies.· Council house rent levels have increasingly been influenced - if not determined - by central government order to reduce subsidies.
· It might require public subsidies to political parties to finance their own newspapers and television stations.· And a proposal that the city require companies receiving taxpayer subsidies to pay higher wages also went nowhere.· Secondly, marginal cost pricing in natural monopoly does not necessarily require a subsidy.· Cost-based prices would prevent such entry, but would probably require a subsidy.
WORD FAMILYnounsubsidysubsidizationadjectivesubsidizedverbsubsidize
money that is paid by a government or organization to make prices lower, reduce the cost of producing goods etctrade/agricultural etc subsidies international disagreement over trade subsidies- parenting
- parents-in-law
- parent-teacher association
- par excellence
- parfait
- pariah
- parimutuel
- parings
- Paris
- Paris-Dakar Rally
- parish
- parish church
- parish clerk
- parishioner
- parish pump
- parish register
- Parisian
- parity
- park
- parka
- park and ride
- Parker, Bonnie
- Parker-Bowles, Camilla
- Parker, Charlie
- Parker, Dorothy