单词	supplement
释义	supplement1 nounsupplement2 verb supplementsup‧ple‧ment1 /ˈsʌpləmənt/ ●○○ AWL noun [countable] Word Origin WORD ORIGINsupplement1 Origin: 1300-1400 Latin supplementum, from supplere; ➔ SUPPLY2 Examples EXAMPLES FROM OTHER DICTIONARIES a Sunday supplement Doctors believe that vitamin supplements are largely unnecessary. He sometimes eats fish as a supplement to his vegetarian diet. The current supplement to the encyclopedia 'Growing Up with Science' has a new section on cycles in nature. vitamin E supplements EXAMPLES FROM THE CORPUS After a workout, he has a carbohydrate replacement drink, a diet fuel bar and 12 more supplements. Daulaire calculated that one death was prevented for every 55 children given supplements. Dietary supplements may also be important to ensure adequate vitamins and minerals are being absorbed. If you use a powder supplement, damp the feed to prevent the horse from blowing it away! The vitamins and supplements are nearly all there. Thesaurus Longman Language Activatorsomething that is added► addition · Additions are made to the list from time to time.addition to · There has been a last minute addition to the programme for the President's visit.a new addition (=a new person or thing in a group or list) · In the last three months there has been a new addition to the family - our daughter, Rachel. ► additive something added to food in order to make it last longer, taste better, or look more attractive: · This product contains no artificial additives.· Foods sold under this label are guaranteed to be free from additives and preservatives. ► supplement something that is added to something else in order to improve it or make it complete: · Doctors believe that vitamin supplements are largely unnecessary.supplement to: · He sometimes eats fish as a supplement to his vegetarian diet.· The current supplement to the encyclopedia 'Growing Up with Science' has a new section on cycles in nature. ► extra something which is added to a basic product or service which improves it and also costs more: · A wide range of extras are also available.optional extra British: · Tinted windows and a sunroof are optional extras. ► add-on as a piece of equipment that can be added or connected to a computer, car etc to make it do more things or make it more useful: · Add-ons such as modems and DVD drives can easily cost you hundreds of dollars. ► extension also addition American another room or rooms that are added to a building: · The Simpsons built a big addition onto the back of their house.· You'll find the Picasso collection in the extension to the museum. WORD SETS► Newspapers/Printing/Publishing abstract, nounagony aunt, nounagony column, nounannual, nounanthology, nounantiquarian, adjectiveappendix, nounarticle, nounauthor, nounautobiography, nounback, nounbackslash, nounbackspace, nounballoon, nounbanner headline, nounbestiary, nounbest-seller, nounbibliography, nounbibliophile, nounbind, verbbinder, nounbinding, nounbiographer, nounbiography, nounblackout, nounbold, adjectiveboldface, nounbook, nounbookbinding, nounbooklet, nounbookmark, nounbookmobile, nounbookplate, nounbookseller, nounbookshop, nounbookstall, nounbookstore, nounbound, adjectivebox, nounbraille, nounbroadsheet, nounbrochure, nounbubble, nounbulletin, nounby-line, nouncalendar, nouncaption, nouncarry, verbcatalogue, nouncentrefold, nounchain letter, nounchapbook, nounchapter, nounchequebook journalism, nouncircular, nouncirculation, nouncity desk, nouncity editor, nounclassified ad, nounclip, nounclipping, nouncodex, nouncol, collection, nouncolour supplement, nouncolumn, nouncolumnist, nouncomic, nouncomic strip, nouncommentary, nouncommentator, nouncompanion, nouncompendium, nouncomposition, nouncompositor, nouncontribute, verbcontributor, nouncopy, nouncopy editor, nouncopyist, nouncorrespondent, nouncoursebook, nouncover girl, nouncover story, nouncross-refer, verbcross-reference, nouncutting, noundaily, noundesk, noundiarist, noundiary, noundictionary, noundime novel, noundirectory, noundog-eared, adjectivedoorstep, verbdotted line, noundraft, noundraft, verbDTP, noundust jacket, nouned., edit, verbedition, nouneditor, nouneditorial, nouneditorship, nounemend, verbencyclopedia, nounentry, nounerratum, nounet al, adverbet cetera, adverbexclusive, nounexposure, nounexpurgated, adjectivefeature, nounff, figure, nounfiller, nounfinancial supermarket, Fleet Street, fly leaf, nounfolio, nounfollow-up, nounfont, nounfootnote, nounforeword, nounformat, nounformat, verbfrontispiece, nounfull-page, adjectivefull stop, nounfunny papers, noungagging order, galley, noungazette, noungazetteer, nounghost, verbghost writer, noungloss, noungloss, verbglossary, nounglossy, noungonzo journalism, noungossip column, noungraphic design, nounguide, nounguillotine, nounhack, nounhagiography, nounhalftone, nounhandbill, nounhandbook, nounhardback, nounhardcover, nounheading, nounheadline, nounheadline, verbheadword, nounhistory, nounhumorist, nounillustrate, verbillustration, nounimpression, nounimprimatur, nounimprint, nounindent, verbindentation, nounindex, nounindex, verbinsert, nouninset, nouninset, verbinstalment, nouninterpolate, verbISBN, nounissue, nounitalicize, verbitalics, nounjacket, nounjournal, nounjournalese, nounjournalism, nounjournalist, nounjourno, nounl, landscape, nounlayout, nounleader, nounleading article, nounleaf, nounletter-size, adjectivelibrary, nounlimited edition, nounlined, adjectiveLinotype, nounliterature, nounlocal paper, nounlocal rag, nounloose-leaf, adjectivelower case, nounmag, nounmagazine, nounmanuscript, nounmargin, nounmasthead, nounmezzotint, nounmicrofiche, nounmisprint, nounmonograph, nounmonthly, nounmorocco, nounmuckraking, nounN/A, N.B., news, nounnews agency, nounnewshound, nounnewsletter, nounnewspaper, nounnewsprint, nounnews release, nounnon-fiction, nounnote, nounnotebook, nounnotice, nounnumber, nounobituary, nounoffprint, nounoffset, adjectiveomnibus, nounop. cit., open letter, nounorgan, nounoverleaf, adverboverprint, verbp., pagination, nounpamphlet, nounpamphleteer, nounpap, nounpaparazzi, nounpaper, nounpaperback, nounpaperboy, nounpaper girl, nounpaper round, nounpaper shop, nounpara, passage, nounpaste-up, nounperiodical, nounpersonal ad, nounpersonal column, nounphrasebook, nounpicture book, nounpiece, nounplate, nounpocketbook, nounpp., prequel, nounpress, nounpress baron, nounpress box, nounpress conference, nounpress corps, nounpress cutting, nounpress gallery, nounpressman, nounpress office, nounpress release, nounprint, verbprint, nounprinted matter, nounprinter, nounprinting, nounprinting ink, nounprinting press, nounproblem page, nounproof, nounproofread, verbpublication, nounpublish, verbpublisher, nounpublishing, nounpull-out, nounquarterly, adjectivequarterly, nounquarto, nounquire, nounquotation, nounquote, verbrag, nounreader, nounreadership, nounreading, nounream, nounred ink, nounreference, nounreference book, nounreference library, nounrelease, verbreprint, verbreproduce, verbreproduction, nounreproductive, adjectivereview, nounreview, verbreviewer, nounrevise, verbrevision, nounrider, nounroman, nounsans serif, nounsaturation, nounscare story, nounscoop, nounscoop, verbsection, nounserif, nounset, verbsilk screen, adjectivesketch, nounslipcase, nounsmall ad, nounsoft porn, nounsource, nounspace, nounspine, nounsplash, verbspoiler, nounstay of execution, nounstop press, nounstory, nounstorybook, nounstringer, nounstrip, nounstrip cartoon, nounsub, nounsub, verbsubedit, verbsub-editor, nounsubheading, nounsubscribe, verbsubscriber, nounsubscription, nounsuperscript, adjectivesupplement, nounsymposium, nounsyndicate, verbtable, nountabloid, nountext, nounthumb index, nountitle page, nountome, nountract, nountreatise, nountrot, nountype, nountypeface, nountypescript, nountypesetting, nountypographer, nountypography, nounvanity press, nounvellum, nounvignette, nounvol., volume, nounweekly, nounwell-thumbed, adjectivewoodblock, nounwrite-up, noun Collocations COLLOCATIONS FROM THE ENTRY► dietary supplements  vitamins and other dietary supplements COLLOCATIONS FROM OTHER ENTRIES► supplement/add to your income (=increase your income, for example by doing an extra job)· Ted supplemented his income by doing part-time work in the evenings. COLLOCATIONS FROM THE CORPUSADJECTIVE► available · Scheduled flights are also available at a supplement.· Air-conditioning is available at a supplement payable locally.· Sea view rooms available at a supplement.· Three-bedded rooms with terrace and twins with sea view and terrace are available at a supplement.· Some twin bedrooms which will have a balcony and sea view are available at a supplement. ► dietary · But as the burgeoning health food stores testify, there is a lot more to the dietary supplements market than this.· It's largely for this reason that most researchers are not enthusiastic about all the eye care dietary supplements currently available.· The blubber was probably considered to be a valuable dietary supplement to help counter the effects of the cold weather.· At 4 a. m., he drinks a protein shake with four more dietary supplements and six amino acids. ► nutritional · During the early phase of reintroductions patients continued with elemental diet as a nutritional supplement.· These could include anything from acupuncture, herbal remedies and nutritional supplements to, yes, a petition to a higher power.· Going overboard on nutritional supplements wouldn't necessarily help.· Supplemental Help: A new device to help consumers choose nutritional supplements may be coming to a drugstore near you.· Any patient who has been unable to eat or who has lost weight may therefore require extra nutritional supplements before surgery.· Despite the devastating loss June 28 that killed one worker, the Richmans decided to rebuild its nutritional supplements plant.· Current treatment includes exercise training and nutritional supplements to maintain muscle mass. ► single · Each tour is limited to 16 persons. Single supplement is $ 750.· Airfare is extra. Single supplement is $ 415.· A single room supplement of £8 per person per night applies at hotels indicated.· Supplements per person per night: No single room supplement. ► special · Full details of our performance figures and highlights of the past year are contained in a special four-page supplement inside.· The practical and hard-hitting report was summarised as a special supplement in Building magazine.· A special supplement of Town and Country Planning was published in October 1998 to mark the report. NOUN► calcium · It is made from a solution of calcium hydroxide, and, as this implies, it is a calcium supplement.· On the other hand, calcium supplements are recommended to prevent osteoporosis after menopause.· Eat extra protein from other sources and take a calcium supplement, which your doctor can prescribe.· The Nurses' Health Study also found that women who took calcium supplements had the highest risks for kidney stones.· If grain is fed to a horse it is essential to add a calcium supplement.· A shortcut quickly comes to mind: Just take a calcium supplement. ► colour · Another advertisement appears in the colour supplements aimed at recruiting people to mental health nursing.· A colour supplement had published one of her stories in a series by new authors.· Nobody could ever have thought that joining a cricket club was like opening a Sunday paper colour supplement.· Monday On this particular Monday morning, Adrian had the feeling that he had woken up in a colour supplement.· Without you the Sunday Times colour supplement would come out black-and-white.· Torn Sunday colour supplements made eyes at her from the railings. ► food · Culturing microorganisms offers a highly efficient means of producing high-protein food supplements for a hungry world of the future.· Housing subsidies, food supplements, and health care will decline to levels that no longer can alleviate the pain.· By contrast, no training is needed for the people who sell products designated as health-food supplements rather than medicines. ► income · We did not get family support or family income supplement or one-parent family income.· This benefit is, rather, an income supplement to buffer the drops in income that the self-employed are prone to.· A new family credit system was introduced in 1988 to replace the old family income supplement.· Thus supplementary benefit and family income supplement are more likely to benefit manual than non-manual groups.· The former refers to payments such as pensions, supplementary benefit, family income supplement, child benefit, and so on. ► room · Single room supplement: £13 per person per night.· A single room supplement of £8 per person per night applies at hotels indicated.· Supplements per person per night: No single room supplement.· Single room supplement per person per night: £32. ► vitamin · The Consumers' Association says vitamin supplements aren't worth buying.· A large segment of the population surveyed was regularly taking vitamin supplements.· Both B15 and B17 are sold as a vitamin supplement to the diet.· All patients received fat and water soluble vitamin supplements and none were taking taurine supplementation.· In the case of most vitamin supplements which are available in tablet form, excess amounts are simply excreted by the body. VERB► pay · Windsurfing and non-sailing clients pay a supplement of £18 per week per child.· David paid a supplement for the sea view and he revelled in it. ► take · Eat extra protein from other sources and take a calcium supplement, which your doctor can prescribe.· Should you and your wife continue to take beta-carotene supplements?· If you are only going to take one form of supplement then desiccated liver should be your choice.· The health entrepreneur is constantly discovering new products and, in fact, has taken all of his supplements.· There is no need to take supplements.· The participants have been notified they should stop taking the supplements.· It also claimed that taking too many supplements could be dangerous.· A large segment of the population surveyed was regularly taking vitamin supplements. ► use · If you use a powder supplement, damp the feed to prevent the horse from blowing it away!· These observations have led to efforts to use Prozac as a supplement to more traditional alcoholism treatment programs.· For many years ferrous sulphate was used as a supplement.· Why do we use supplements for horses? Phrases PHRASES FROM OTHER ENTRIES► performance-enhancing drug/product/supplement etc Seven of the 12 winners tested positive for performance-enhancing drugs. Word family WORD FAMILYnounsupplementsupplementationadjectivesupplementaryverbsupplement 1something that you add to something else to improve it or make it complete:  vitamins and other dietary supplementssupplement to The payments are a supplement to his usual salary.2an additional part at the end of a book, or a separate part of a newspaper, magazine etc:  the Sunday supplements3an amount of money that is added to the price of a service, hotel room etc:  Single rooms are available at a supplement. supplement1 nounsupplement2 verb supplementsup‧ple‧ment2 /ˈsʌpləment/ ●○○ AWL verb [transitive] Verb Table VERB TABLE supplement Simple Form Present I, you, we, they supplement he, she, it supplements Past I, you, he, she, it, we, they supplemented Present perfect I, you, we, they have supplemented he, she, it has supplemented Past perfect I, you, he, she, it, we, they had supplemented Future I, you, he, she, it, we, they will supplement Future perfect I, you, he, she, it, we, they will have supplemented Continuous Form Present I am supplementing he, she, it is supplementing you, we, they are supplementing Past I, he, she, it was supplementing you, we, they were supplementing Present perfect I, you, we, they have been supplementing he, she, it has been supplementing Past perfect I, you, he, she, it, we, they had been supplementing Future I, you, he, she, it, we, they will be supplementing Future perfect I, you, he, she, it, we, they will have been supplementing Examples EXAMPLES FROM OTHER DICTIONARIES Mary found it necessary to supplement her earnings by writing articles for magazines. Tracy gives her children vitamin pills to supplement their diet. EXAMPLES FROM THE CORPUS As with the development of all skills, the theoretical approach described in this chapter needs to be supplemented by practical experience. Confrontationalists advocate challenging Roman authority, experimenting with new liturgical forms and creating smaller new communities to replace or supplement traditional parishes. Few of them, however, go back as far as 1880, though historical reconstruction can often supplement them. In the new test, the patient drinks a specially prepared solution of urea supplemented with carbon-13. These are established through national joint councils, consisting of representatives of employers and employees, supplemented by local variations and agreements. This story was supplemented by wire service material. This was to he supplemented with one-third of the annual revenue. Thesaurus Longman Language Activatorto add more to an amount or cost► add · They seem to have added a 10% service charge.add something to something · New fire-safety equipment had to be installed, adding thousands of dollars to the cost of the repairs.add to something · Catherine won't mind if you add to her workload (=give her more work) -- she needs the extra money. ► put something on British to add an amount of money, especially a tax, to the cost of something: · There are rumours that the government plans to put 20p on the cost of a packet of cigarettes.· The new tax could put another ten cents on the price of gas. ► supplement to add more to something so that you have enough -- used especially about someone adding to an amount of money, or someone eating more of a particular type of food to make them healthy: · Tracy gives her children vitamin pills to supplement their diet.· Mary found it necessary to supplement her earnings by writing articles for magazines. Collocations COLLOCATIONS FROM OTHER ENTRIES► supplement/add to your income (=increase your income, for example by doing an extra job)· Ted supplemented his income by doing part-time work in the evenings. COLLOCATIONS FROM THE CORPUSNOUN► diet · He was still supplementing his diet with various pills from his health shop.· More aggressive than their cousins, Caspians may supplement their fish diet with other birds' eggs and nestlings.· Algae should be provided to supplement the diet of Tangs and Angelfish.· A.. Results are available from four large trials examining the health effects of supplementing the diet with beta-carotene.· The police post is very remote and they often supplement their diet of maize and beans with game meat. ► income · His income was supplemented from the sale of musical instruments and small antiques.· Increasingly, within this context of immiseration, their market incomes needed to be supplemented by additional family resources.· The result is that they hang around the city and most family incomes are supplemented by crime of one sort or another.· The lowest incomes were generally supplemented by charity and in many households women and children were also wage-earners.· If you need savings or investment income to supplement your earnings or pension, finding decent yields is growing steadily more difficult. ► information · Specific, narrow-targeted services should be developed either to replace or supplement general-purpose business information services.· These factors are taken into account by supplementing the results with information provided by parents in questionnaires and interviews.· To supplement subject information found from other sources; 2.· Often this is supplemented by other information.· To supplement the above information, personal interviews are being conducted in a representative sample of 250 companies. ► interview · More coverage of more sports is supplemented by endless interviews and chat-show appearances.· The information was supplemented in interviews with principals or other officials at more than a dozen schools.· More detailed information will be sought from national surveys of higher education, employing organisations and former students, supplemented by interviews.· They also supplemented the personal interviews with over 500 postal questionnaires making a total of just over 600. ► study · Arrangements were made for a voluntary tutor to visit his home to supplement his studies. ► work · A consequence is that the salary often needs to be supplemented by other work, usually teaching. VERB► need · Eating less meat, which has a high salt content, meant that they needed to supplement their salt intake.· Picture: The purpose needs to be supplemented with a picture of the outcome that you are seeking.· But a full account will need to supplement the Woolf diagnosis, as we shall see.· Increasingly, within this context of immiseration, their market incomes needed to be supplemented by additional family resources.· As with the development of all skills, the theoretical approach described in this chapter needs to be supplemented by practical experience.· At the same time, our individual efforts will need to be supplemented by collective ones.· Occasional visits from medical and pharmaceutical advisers need to be supplemented by a readily available and local source of advice and information.· Skip Away is not nominated to the Breeders' Cup and would need to be supplemented for $ 480, 000. ► use · It may be used to supplement the action of the indicated remedy in such anaemic or malnourished people.· Fainstein says that 75 commonly used forms supplement Form 1040.· What other information should be used to supplement such forecasts?· She uses sail to supplement the engine, making a fine sight against an azure sky.· A sports stadium is being used to supplement overflowing police cells.· In addition to developing aspects of speech and comprehension, may be used to supplement other courses, and is suitable for independent study.· Elsewhere in this book, empirical evidence for commodity futures has been used to supplement that for index futures.· The various methods and media should be used to supplement each other in any given programme of education. Phrases PHRASES FROM OTHER ENTRIES► performance-enhancing drug/product/supplement etc Seven of the 12 winners tested positive for performance-enhancing drugs. Word family WORD FAMILYnounsupplementsupplementationadjectivesupplementaryverbsupplement to add something, especially to what you earn or eat, in order to increase it to an acceptable levelsupplement something by/with something Kia supplements her regular salary by tutoring in the evenings.—supplementation /ˌsʌpləmenˈteɪʃən/ noun [uncountable]
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