单词 | supply | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
释义 | supply1 nounsupply2 verb supplysup‧ply1 /səˈplaɪ/ ●●● S2 W2 noun (plural supplies) Entry menuMENU FOR supplysupply1 amount available2 necessary things3 gas/electricity/water etc supply4 act of supplying5 supply ship/convoy/route etc ExamplesEXAMPLES FROM OTHER DICTIONARIES Thesaurus
Longman Language Activatorto provide something that is needed► provide Collocations if a person or organization provides something, they make it available for someone who needs it or wants it: · Your bank should be able to provide financial advice.provide something for somebody: · Free parking is provided for hotel guests.· The university should provide more facilities for disabled students.provide somebody with something: · The money will be used to provide the school with new computer equipment. ► supply to provide things for people, especially regularly and over a long period of time: supply something to somebody: · The company supplies fish to local shops and restaurants.supply somebody with something: · The US government was accused of supplying the rebels with arms and equipment. ► fund to provide money for a person or organization so that they can do something: · The museum is funded by the local authority.· They suspect that the rebels are being funded by Western governments. ► offer make something available to people if they want or need it, especially something that will be good for them, such as help, advice, or a chance to do something: offer something to somebody: · The booklet offers practical advice to new parents.offer somebody something: · The prison now offers inmates the chance to study and take exams.offer something: · The shelter offers some protection from the icy winds.· Sending goods by road offers greater speed and flexibility. ► equip to provide a person, group, or organization with the things they need for a particular kind of activity or work: equip somebody with something: · Police officers have been equipped with batons and riot shields in preparation for tonight's match.· We try to equip our students with the skills they will need in the world of work. ► issue if an organization or someone in an official position issues equipment, clothes, weapons etc, they provide these things because people need them: issue somebody with something: · Police in Britain are not usually issued with guns.· Visitors are issued with identity cards to wear inside the factory.issue something to somebody: · Blankets and warm clothes will be issued to those who need them. ► lay on British to provide things such as food or entertainment, so that they are available when people want them: lay on something: · I've asked the catering manager to lay on refreshments at the meeting.be laid on: · Games and entertainment were laid on in the afternoon. ► fix somebody up with informal to provide someone with something that they need, especially in an unexpected situation: · Can you fix me up with a bed for the night?· I took the car to a nearby garage, and they managed to fix me up with a new tyre. to provide a service for a particular group of people► cater for also cater to to provide services to a group of people, especially a group that has particular problems or particular needs: · The hostel caters for single people who are unable to find affordable accommodation.· The market now caters mainly to tourists.be well catered for: · Children are well catered for at the Hotel Paradiso.cater to somebody's every need: · Cabin staff will cater to your every need. ► serve to provide a service for a very large group of people, especially those living in a particular area: · He served the community for over thirty years as a head teacher.· The new bus route will serve the villages to the west of York.serve the needs of somebody: · The center was opened four months ago to serve the health needs of a low-income neighborhood. ► provide for to provide a service for a particular group of people, especially one that they really need: · The nursing home provides for all the needs of the elderly.· Local authorities must provide for the education of all children with learning difficulties. something that is provided► supply a system of supplying things that people need, such as food or medicine: supply of: · We need to improve the supply of food to the area affected by the floods.· The steel industry depends on a regular supply of raw materials.water/blood/electricity etc supply: · The patient suffered a sudden decrease in the blood supply to part of her brain.· The drought is threatening the water supply in some areas. ► flow a continuous supply of something, especially from one place to another: · the flow of oil from the Middle East· The civil war has severely disrupted the flow of humanitarian aid to the region. ► service an organization or system that provides something for people, or the product or help it provides: · A private car service is available from the airport.· Electrical service was cut off for up to five hours in some parts of the country yesterday.provide/perform a service: · The business, if properly regulated, performs a useful service for lottery winners. a company or country that supplies things to people► supplier a company or country that supplies things to people: supplier of: · one of the world's biggest suppliers of defense equipmentthe main/major supplier: · The company is now the main supplier of educational software to schools. ► provider a company or organization that provides a service for customers: education/health/healthcare provider: · schools, colleges and other education providersservice provider: · The company is now one of the regions main Internet service providers.provider of: · a leading provider of personal financial services an amount of something that you have available to use► supply · More donors are needed as blood supplies run low.supply of · The supermarket donated a year's supply of groceries to one needy family. ► stock an amount of something that you keep and can use when you need to: · The government has said it has no need for chemical weapons and will destroy its stocks entirely.stock of: · Jodie always had a large stock of brandy in her cupboard. ► reserves an amount of money, goods etc that a country or organization has available to be used if they are needed: · The government has exhausted almost all its foreign currency reserves.reserves of: · Kuwait has large reserves of oil. ► pool an amount or number of workers, cars, money etc that can be shared or used by a number of people: · Most countries have a pool of surplus labour.· There is a much smaller pool of houses to rent than there used to be. not enough► not enough also insufficient not enough for what you need. insufficient is much more formal than not enough: · You're not getting enough sleep.not enough (something) to do something: · We didn't win enough games to get to the championship.· No matter how much money they offer me, it wouldn't be enough to make me like the job.· There was insufficient evidence to prove their allegations.not enough (something) for something: · There weren't enough apples for a pie, but they're good for eating.· Officials were worried that supplies would be insufficient for the long winter that was being predicted. not nearly enough/nowhere near enough (=much less than enough): · £1 million is not nearly enough to clean up the water in the bay.· The time they've given us is nowhere near enough. ► too little/few less than you need or fewer than you need - use this especially when you are criticizing or complaining about something: · Some churches are in danger of closing because there are too few priests.· There is too little cooperation between the opposing parties to get anything done in government.too little/few to do something: · There's too little time to do everything.· There were some police officers there, but too few to control the crowd.far too little/few (=much too little or few): · Most of the students explained far too little about their research methods. ► scarce if something is scarce , there is not enough of it, so it is very difficult to get or buy: · During the war, things like clothes and shoes were scarce.· Cheap, clean hotel rooms are scarce in this city, especially in the summer. ► inadequate an amount of something that is inadequate is not enough for a particular purpose: · The state pension is wholly inadequate -- no one can live on £50 a week.· Inadequate lighting made it difficult to continue the work after dinner.inadequate to do something: · The amount of fertilizer used was inadequate to ensure a good harvest. ► insufficient formal not enough: · The bank charged me for having insufficient funds in my account.· There has been insufficient rainfall over the past two years, and farmers are having trouble.insufficient to do something: · The data we have is insufficient to draw any conclusions. ► be in short supply if a product is in short supply people cannot buy or get enough of it: · Health workers reported that medicines and basic equipment were in short supply.· The unemployment rate was at 2.5%, and talented job seekers were in short supply. ► lack of something if there is a lack of something there is not enough of it, or none at all: · Fernando's eyes were red through lack of sleep.· It's lack of confidence, not lack of ability, that makes most people fail.· They threw the case out of court because of a lack of evidence. ► be short if time or money is short , there is not as much of it as you would like: · Money's a little short this month -- we'd better be careful about spending.· The military authorities considered that the need for action was great, and time was short. something that is never all used► inexhaustible an inexhaustible supply etc is never all used or seems impossible to use all of: · The enemy seemed to have an inexhaustible supply of ammunition.· What is the source of Armstrong's seemingly inexhaustible wealth?· Scientists are working to create a fuel that would be cheap, clean, and inexhaustible. ► endless supply a supply of something that seems as if it will never all be used - use this especially when you know that it could all be used up soon: · A seemingly endless supply of fireworks lit up the clear night sky.· We don't have an endless supply of oil.· He seems to think I have an endless supply of cash. things of the same type that you store► supply a large quantity of something that you keep, and that you replace regularly because you use it often: · Food supplies in the camp were already running out.supply of: · The hospital keeps a large supply of blood for use in emergencies.· First prize was a year's supply of baby food. ► stock the amount of a particular product that a shop keeps to be sold: · Buy now while stocks last!stock of: · Someone came in half an hour ago and bought up our entire stock of Italian wine.· The new video store has a huge stock of movies to rent. ► reserve something such as money, food, or water that you keep because you might need it in the future: · The country has foreign currency reserves of $83 billion.reserve of: · We had to rely on our emergency reserve of food while we were snowed in.keep/hold something in reserve: · They sold half the wood and kept the rest in reserve for winter. ► cache things, especially illegal drugs or weapons, that are kept hidden because they are illegal or secret: · The drug cache that the men were found in possession of was worth roughly $1 million.cache of: · Police have found a cache of automatic weapons in a house in the city centre. ► hoard a large number of things of the same type that someone keeps secretly, so that they can use them if they need them - use this when you think the person who keeps these things worries too much about keeping things for the future: hoard of: · I kept my own secret hoard of chocolate cookies in a big tin under the sink. when a lot of people can see you or know about what is happening► services things or systems that are provided by the government or other organizations for people to use, for example hospitals, public transport, or banks: · The 1980s saw a decline in manufacturing but a growth in services such as banking and retailing.public services: · Will the use of private contractors improve public services?financial/health/support etc services: · Regulation of banking and financial services was in need of an overhaul.· A national strike paralyzed postal services everywhere.essential services: · Over the last twenty years, industrial action has affected a whole range of essential services.the service sector (=the part of industry that provides services): · Many women get jobs in the service sector. ► facilities things that are provided in a place in order to make particular services or activities available: · The facilities at the hotel were excellent -- tennis courts, swimming pool, several bars and a good restaurant.sports/ leisure/childcare etc facilities: · The company does not yet have childcare facilities on the premises.facilities for: · Facilities for washing and drying clothes are hopelessly inadequate in many hostels for the homeless. ► amenities things such as shops, parks, or restaurants that make living or working in a place more pleasant: · I prefer this part of the city because there are plenty of good amenities.· The town has grown, and offers many more amenities -- a new shopping mall, play areas and a variety of restaurants.basic amenities: · The main problems in the refugee camp are overcrowding and a lack of basic amenities. ► utilities organizations that supply necessary things such as electricity, water, and gas: · Government ownership of utilities should mean that gas and electricity costs are kept to a minimum.public utilities (=ones owned by the government): · Public utilities almost always make huge profits. ► supply: electricity/water/gas supply the system by which electricity, water, or gas is supplied to houses, factories etc: · The electricity supply is less reliable in mountainous areas of the country.cut off a supply (=stop the supply): · During the drought some households had their water supply cut off. COLLOCATIONS FROM THE ENTRYadjectives► a good supply Phrases· In hot countries, always carry a good supply of water. ► a plentiful/abundant supply formal:· There was a plentiful supply of books and magazines to read. ► an adequate supply· The larger cities usually have more modern health facilities and an adequate supply of medicines. ► a constant/steady/regular supply· For dairy farming, a constant supply of lush grass is essential. ► an endless/inexhaustible supply (=one that does not end, or seems not to end)· He has an endless supply of jokes. ► a ready supply (=one that is easily available)· The early settlers also found a ready supply of flints in the chalk cliffs. ► a small/limited supply· There is a limited supply of land for building. ► a dwindling supply (=one that is getting smaller)· We cannot rely on the dwindling supplies of crude oil and natural gas. ► a fresh supply· A fresh supply of fuel was needed. verbs► use up/exhaust a supply· The diver had nearly used up his supply of oxygen. COLLOCATIONS FROM OTHER ENTRIES► the blood supply (=the blood that flows to a part of the body)· the blood supply to the brain ► contaminated food/blood/water supplies etc The infection was traced to contaminated food. ► supply outstrips/exceeds demand (=more is available than people need or want)· In the 1980s, the supply of grain far exceeded the demand. ► provide/supply details· Hotels that join the scheme provide details of their accommodation and facilities. ► provide/supply electricity (=produce electricity and make it available to people)· The dam will provide water and electricity for 30 million people. ► the electricity supply (=electricity provided to homes and businesses)· The storms have disrupted the electricity supply to some areas. ► supply/provide energy· The wind farm will provide enough energy for 100,000 homes. ► energy supplies· We must secure the country’s future energy supplies. ► provide/supply equipment· a contract to supply drilling equipment to the mine ► exhausting ... supply We are in danger of exhausting the world’s oil supply. ► a firm supplies something· The firm supplies office furniture to local businesses. ► a food supply· The government must ensure an adequate food supply. ► a gas supply (=a system for supplying gas to someone's house)· The engineers had quite a challenge to install the new gas supply. ► supply goods· On 3 September he supplied goods to the hotel valued at £350.00. ► inexhaustible supply She has an inexhaustible supply of funny stories. ► provide/supply instructions (=give someone instructions)· Detailed instructions are supplied with the software. ► the labour supply (=all the people available to work)· What was the effect of the war on the labour supply? ► supply lines They knew they needed to block their enemy’s supply lines (=the direction used for carrying supplies of food etc). ► ready supply a ready supply of drink ► relief supplies/aid· US troops had helped distribute relief supplies to Kurdish refugees in northern Iraq. ► was in short supply Gasoline was in short supply (=not enough of it was available) after the war. ► a steady supply· They need a steady supply of educated workers. ► law of supply and demand the law of supply and demand ► the water supply (=water and the lakes, reservoirs etc where it is stored)· A dam was built to improve the water supply. COLLOCATIONS FROM THE CORPUSADJECTIVE► abundant· Within a week, one and a half million men, with abundant supplies, were in position for a massed attack.· This was due to an abundant supply and thus relatively low costs for pork.· One thing becomes clear about large animal size: such creatures must have an abundant supply of food.· In contrast with serum, the ratios of 5-ASA to Ac-5-ASA are higher than 1, reflecting the abundant supply of 5-ASA.· Nevertheless, sustained horticulture needs an abundant supply of organic waste to maintain soil structure and fertility.· Although growth hormone is in abundant supply, other factors are limiting growth. ► adequate· But, as disappointed abolitionists in the country reported, adequate supply remained crucial.· It also is working to ensure an adequate supply of modems too, from Motorola and others.· Basically, if you follow the suggestions we have made earlier, you will obtain adequate supplies of vitamins and minerals.· Each family was perennially engaged in securing an adequate food supply for its members.· Encouragement and real results are the essential ingredients required to nurture adequate supplies of willpower and to keep it growing.· While saying this I do not want to exaggerate the lack of adequate supplies of goodwill.· Others represented yet more heroes and champions, of which the disc had a more than adequate supply.· The restrictions in outdoor water use were approved last week to help maintain adequate supplies during the shutdown. ► essential· The team want to load this vehicle with medical, food and other essential supplies.· Apart from taking on essential supplies, the trip is non-stop.· Many local industrialists rely on credit from international loan agencies, others import essential supplies and the majority import essential equipment. ► excess· Similarly, if the price level should fall, the real wage would rise, creating an excess supply of labour.· Traders said intensifying worries about falling prices and excess supply have sent investors scurrying from the semiconductor sector.· It must be stressed that this equilibrium involves no excess demand or supply of any investment asset.· The result in this case is a 10, 000-bushel surplus or excess supply of corn in the market.· Initially we assume that there is excess supply in both markets.· However, a surplus or excess supply still exists and competition among sellers will once again bid down the price of corn.· On the other hand, if the initial state is one of excess supply money-wages will fall at a rate.· Inflation was caused by excess money supply and too low interest rates in 1987-8. ► medical· They have been able to keep up stocks of medical supplies, largely due to gifts of money.· He said other money from his group was used to buy medical supplies and to pay for the logistics of the trip.· Cartons of medical supplies were stacked on the dirt floor.· In that time they carried two and a half thousand tonnes of food and medical supplies saving countless lives.· The claims were for non-existent medical supplies.· Sure enough, doctors ditched the other parties thrown by rival medical supply companies. ► plentiful· The liquid is burnt in a plentiful supply of air and the temperature rise in the surrounding water bath is measured.· Buy fresh foods when they are in plentiful supply, that is, in season. 12.· A plentiful supply of anything is a recipe for disaster.· A plentiful supply of food is particularly important for hedgehogs after hibernation and prior to breeding.· As soon as the eggs hatch you will need to provide a plentiful supply of the plant that the caterpillar feeds on.· For years we have taken its plentiful, unadulterated supply for granted.· That night they simply marched on to the airfield and set their bombs on a plentiful supply of aircraft.· There was a plentiful supply of cheap labour that could be easily employed in tiny sweatshops. ► ready· So they always have a ready supply of air in their lungs with which to generate clicks and sing songs.· This ensures a ready supply for a few weeks without having to repeat the process.· He has a ready supply, and despite the heavy atmosphere and flat light it carries us out to Langdale.· Dozens of national ticket brokers have a ready supply to pass on, albeit for a profit.· It means I've always got a ready supply of paint stirring or glue sticks.· A ready supply of meat that makes weekly shopping for meats unnecessary. 2. ► short· Here items in short supply are sold at inflated prices - but still generally lower than on the black market.· Certainly fresh, new ideas were in short supply during the sessions I attended.· We could only use candles it night if we were working, because they were in very short supply.· The automaker was particularly vulnerable because it keeps only a short supply of extra parts to save costs.· Here, where clean drinking water is in short supply, expensive drugs are beyond ordinary people's reach.· For the consumer, the shrunken harvest means shorter supplies and higher prices at the supermarket.· And that's really the story for this afternoon, with sunshine in short supply.· With basic needs in increasingly short supply, the social fabric of Cairo is showing signs of fraying. ► vital· One man could not be found, several others were slightly injured, but worst of all vital supplies were missing.· Container ships with vital supplies are stranded on the high seas.· Surrounded by crossfire the Hercules, carrying vital supplies of food and medicines, descends steeply to avoid the crossfire.· Sacha Bull was born with a heart defect which meant vital blood supplies were being channelled to other parts of the body.· Some vital supplies were lost when natives attacked pack-horse trains. NOUN► blood· In Raynaud's disease, the blood supply to the fingers is faulty, leading to attacks of numbness and discomfort.· Teeth usually become less sensitive as their nerve and blood supply decreases.· Dead surface epithelial cells are normally rapidly replaced and the health of the tissue is maintained by a good blood supply.· There are at least a dozen other restrictions aimed at preserving blood supply safety.· Large doses can result in blockages in blood supply to vital organs and breathing problems.· The blood supply in major Western countries is now safer than it has ever been.· Its superb massaging fingers will tone up problem areas such as hips and thighs and also help to stimulate your blood supply.· A day later, the tissue was inserted between stomach muscles, just above the bellybutton, where blood supply is plentiful. ► contract· A procurement-policy board, for example, has at last begun to scrutinise all supply contracts for incompetent spending, or worse.· The most important of these relate to the quality and fitness of goods under supply contracts.· In product markets characterised by complex production processes long-term supply contracts or sub-contracts are commonly used to try and lower these costs.· Dealers may also wish to consider including appropriate and reasonable exemption clauses in their supply contracts with respect to advice-giving computer systems.· There shall be a strong emphasis on sale in this work because it provides the model for other supply contracts. ► curve· In the extreme case where the aggregate supply curve is vertical, the increased money supply will simply lead to higher prices.· Why does the supply curve slope upward?· If, however, the authorities were to control interest rates, the supply curve might become downward sloping.· What happens to the supply curve when each of these determinants changes?· Banks will merely supply whatever is demanded: in this case the supply curve is the same as the demand curve.· Graphically, the intersection of the supply curve and the demand curve for the product will indicate the equilibrium point.· With the upward-sloping supply curve, higher demand leads to higher interest rates and higher supply.· By polluting, that is, by creating spillover costs, the firm enjoys lower production costs and the supply curve 5. ► electricity· The companies plan to apply the concept to gas and electricity supplies as well as security systems.· After all, what were a theorist's research results worth compared with a lifetime of experience in electricity supply?· Is there an electricity supply? 7.· It is dreadful. Electricity supplies are patchy.· The electricity supply industry is to be broken up and sold.· Band A, intended for the use of the electricity supply industry, does not exist.· The company was also legally bound to promote competition in the industry and ensure electricity supplies met standards of supply and quality.· The electricity supply had not been cut off and nor had the telephone. ► energy· On days when your toddler's energy supply seems endless, you really need to get him out of the house.· Millions of informed people are concerned about future energy supplies for Earth.· Reddy disagrees with the assumption that such expensive energy supply is necessary.· Perata said his figure was a fraction of the amount the state is now spending on emergency energy supplies.· They use solar collectors and windmills for energy supply and each region aims at self-sufficiency in proteins.· The renewable energy sources must eventually dominate world energy supply.· Wouldn't it be nice not to have to worry about your energy supply? ► food· So everything seemed okay: the barn was secure, the food supply was better than good and the terrain near perfect.· To protect the food supply, the government ordered the slaughter of affected cattle.· Unemployment is at 38 %, and thousands are being denied access to humanitarian aid, food supplies and work.· When population had caught up with these new areas, population would again press upon the food supply.· They import about 80% of their liquid milk, and much of the rest of their food supply.· They munch native marine life, mow down food supplies and occupy territory, Carlton said.· The lack of fish remains and the presence of bones of domestic animals suggests that food supply was no problem.· Each family was perennially engaged in securing an adequate food supply for its members. ► gas· Some estimates suggest that up to 11 percent of total gas supply in Britain is being lost.· Now, with temperatures warming and demand easing, greater gas supply and pipeline space are becoming available.· Alarms sound if gas supplies break down, and automatically connect reserve tanks.· The gas supply situation is, however, the subject of some controversy with substantial differences appearing in estimates by authoritative groups.· A simple change in the weather can make significant changes in demand on the gas supply system.· Interruptible gas supplies undercut the cost of fuel oil considerably.· But neither at school nor at home was there a gas supply.· Wave charts show breathing pattern, and alarms sound if breathing falters or gas supplies are affected. ► labour· Training and Education Inner-city policy has, on the whole, not related to questions of labour supply.· Concern for the welfare of the workers, or labour supply, changed.· Under a system of progressive income taxation, there are few apriori sustainable generalizations about the labour supply consequences of taxation.· The quality of the labour supply in the cities might also be another important factor for high unemployment.· In contrast, this ratio does not seem to have played much of a direct role in explaining rising aggregate labour supply.· It all depends on the elasticity of labour supply.· Because households do not realize their desired labour supply, they will not be able to achieve their desired demand for goods.· The more inelastic the labour supply, the lower is the distortion introduced by any particular income tax rate. ► money· Any increase in the money supply, they argue, will simply lead to higher prices and a lower exchange rate.· Bundesbank officials have predicated another cut in the discount rate on the pace of money supply growth.· To talk about controlling the money supply is too vague.· Likewise, the Fed can shrink the money supply by selling the public a bond.· The sum involved represented more than half of the federal government's planned increase in the money supply for 1991.· But sometimes unscrupulous leaders added coins to the money supply by minting new coins that contained less gold and silver.· In February every measure of the money supply slowed.· Incidentally, these money supply figures have nothing to do with gold. ► power· Uninterrupted power supply is a vital support for the modern way of life.· A power supply is provided, and a central supply of heating, air conditioning, and ventilation.· AccuCard and its ilk sit between the power supply and the motherboard. so they're too far downstream to help.· So far we have concentrated on the use of helium-3 as a power supply for planet-bound civilization.· This would effectively reduce the power supply to a simple half wave rectified type.· Unlike other memory chips, flash does not lose the stored contents when the computer is disconnected from a power supply.· Estates Dept. Power supply work - Computer operations.· Your power supply can handle normal fluctuations in house current. ► route· Mr Mobutu had cut the supply route after a dispute with Mr Savimbi.· The bases and the well-traveled supply routes that kept them run-ning were as obvious as Nui Ba Den.· From the summit there is a view of the Roman supply route, Dere Street.· None of the supply routes go close to the point where Sunderby's aircraft ditched.· At other times, they waged an incessant guerrilla war, attacking isolated Roman garrisons, ambushing caravans, cutting supply routes. ► ship· This time Dennis claimed hits on a destroyer while Osborne inflicted damage on a supply ship. ► side· On the supply side we can identify long- and short-term influences.· We have to change both the demand side and the supply side of the equation.· On the supply side, there are two main sources of market failure.· The other side of the poverty story is the supply side of the labor market, which is the focus here.· Although changes in performance arise as a result of supply side factors, they manifest themselves as shifts in demand curve.· Simply put, the supply side of our economic security also requires a labor force.· The measures, designed to boost the supply side of the economy, were announced in this year's Budget.· The supply side of the labor market is primarily the family. ► water· In every case there is mains electricity & a good water supply.· That left municipal water supply as the sole conceivable justification.· The improving of the water supply.· If the valve has jammed shut, causing the feed-and-expansion tank to run dry, again turn off the water supply.· Engineers now realise that sewerage can not be technically viable without a large domestic water supply.· The Bill builds on that by introducing greater competition in gas and water supply services.· A more sinister development is the seepage of nitrate into aquifers which are used as sources of the domestic water supply. VERB► control· It had been found difficult to control money supply and to keep it within target ranges.· The Fed sets monetary policy by controlling short-term inter-est rates and by trying to control the supply of money.· It has been suggested that the methods of controlling the money supply were at fault.· She does not simply restore plant life, but teaches the secrets of agriculture, giving humans control over their food supply.· To talk about controlling the money supply is too vague.· What are the limitations on these methods of controlling the money supply?· Why does an unstable demand for money make it difficult to control the supply of money? ► cut· The state also plans to cut supplies to urban consumers by half.· In Maharashtra, for example, the government cuts off supplies to parts of the state once a week.· Mr Mobutu had cut the supply route after a dispute with Mr Savimbi.· Most main roads were cut, creating supply problems.· It said it would cut the power supply to the national grid if its demands were not met.· Sales agents acting on behalf of manufacturers, are vigilant in preventing retailers from selling at lower prices by threatening to cut future supplies.· Don't tread around bushes to firm them, this will cut off the oxygen supply to the roots.· It would help, he says, if the United States cut military supplies to those commanders making money out of heroin. ► ensure· Finally, the toughest problem will probably be to ensure the supply, preparation, and testing of top management people.· It also is working to ensure an adequate supply of modems too, from Motorola and others.· Second, ensure there is a supply teacher available and prepare a schedule of work for all your classes.· This ensures a ready supply for a few weeks without having to repeat the process.· When necessary, bacteria cheat to ensure a supply of new mutations.· The prison served as a means of ensuring a supply of labour.· In this respect, the learner exercises his own initiative to ensure the proper supply of comprehensible input.· In a few cases, investing enterprises may have hoped to ensure supplies of scarce raw materials or energy supplies. ► increase· This increases the money supply in the same way as does a balance of payments surplus.· Thus a higher wage rate increases the supply of hours of work, but reduces the demand for hours of work.· The demand could be met only by increasing and widening supplies.· Right now, we are increasing our sampling of supplies in the home to further ensure the quality of your drinking water.· The affordability problem is not simply a matter of increasing the supply of homes.· Cutting income tax will increase the supply of labour input, chiefly by attracting new workers into the labour force.· The signs are that other parishes in this region were equally active in increasing their supply of pastures and meadows. ► need· The heart needs a constant good supply of oxygen which it gets from the bloodstream.· Massie and the Sensable team realized early on that customers needed a ready-made supply of digital objects.· We need supplies but the seas are too heavy for the little Sea Adventure.· Neither source is by itself sufficient to provide the needed supply rate of NEAs.· The Garden Hosepipe Controller is mains-powered so needs a supply socket available nearby.· And after a week, people no longer needed supplies.· But they need constant supplies of food and even temperatures.· You know the brain needs its blood supply. ► provide· We already have compressed tablets that provide a daily supply of vitamins and minerals.· Neither source is by itself sufficient to provide the needed supply rate of NEAs.· We have to find ways of providing an equitable supply of food that does not depend upon crude market forces.· Water was and is brought to Los Angeles less to meet a necessary demand than to provide an infinite supply.· The small supplier firm will often be located near to the big firm, and will be expected to provide supplies on demand.· As soon as the eggs hatch you will need to provide a plentiful supply of the plant that the caterpillar feeds on.· The Contractor will be required to provide his own supply for drinking water etc.· They are connected to a transformer, which provides the 12 V supply to the lights. ► reduce· Later this month, federal authorities are expected to announce plans to reduce their supplies of water to farmers by three-quarters.· Therefore, an increase in, say, sales or property taxes will increase costs and reduce supply.· Both changes must eventually reduce the food supply, both animal and plant, available to birds in farmland habitats.· The mill closures will reduce lumber supplies, since lumber and wood chips are usually made at the same time.· This would effectively reduce the power supply to a simple half wave rectified type.· The pollution of lakes and rivers has reduced the supply of freshwater fish.· Open-market operations are more likely to be effective in reducing the money supply, therefore, when conducted in the bond market. PHRASES FROM THE ENTRY► supplies Word family
WORD FAMILYnounsuppliersuppliessupplyverbsupply 1amount available [countable] an amount of something that is available to be usedsupply of I’ve only got a week’s supply of tablets left.plentiful/abundant/adequate etc supply There was a plentiful supply of cheap labour. The nation’s fuel supplies will not last forever. To protect the food supply, the government ordered the slaughter of affected cattle. → money supply2necessary things supplies [plural] food, clothes, and things necessary for daily life or for a particular purpose, especially for a group of people over a period of time: Supplies were brought in by air.vital/essential/emergency supplies trucks loaded with emergency suppliesmedical/school/cleaning etc supplies foreign aid used to buy medical supplies3gas/electricity/water etc supply a system that is used to supply gas etc: the public water supply If you fail to pay your bill, you run the risk of having your electricity supply cut off (=stopped).4act of supplying [uncountable] when you supply somethingsupply of/to The military government is trying to stop the supply of guns to the rebels.5supply ship/convoy/route etc a ship etc used for bringing or storing supplies → in short supply at short1COLLOCATIONSadjectivesa good supply· In hot countries, always carry a good supply of water.a plentiful/abundant supply formal:· There was a plentiful supply of books and magazines to read.an adequate supply· The larger cities usually have more modern health facilities and an adequate supply of medicines.a constant/steady/regular supply· For dairy farming, a constant supply of lush grass is essential.an endless/inexhaustible supply (=one that does not end, or seems not to end)· He has an endless supply of jokes.a ready supply (=one that is easily available)· The early settlers also found a ready supply of flints in the chalk cliffs.a small/limited supply· There is a limited supply of land for building.a dwindling supply (=one that is getting smaller)· We cannot rely on the dwindling supplies of crude oil and natural gas.a fresh supply· A fresh supply of fuel was needed.verbsuse up/exhaust a supply· The diver had nearly used up his supply of oxygen.supply1 nounsupply2 verb supplysupply2 ●●● S3 W2 verb (past tense and past participle supplied, present participle supplying, third person singular supplies) [transitive] Word OriginWORD ORIGINsupply2 Verb TableOrigin: 1300-1400 Old French soupleier, from Latin supplere ‘to fill up, supplement, supply’, from sub- ‘up’ + plere ‘to fill’VERB TABLE supply
EXAMPLES FROM OTHER DICTIONARIES Thesaurus
Longman Language Activatorto provide something that is needed► provide Collocations if a person or organization provides something, they make it available for someone who needs it or wants it: · Your bank should be able to provide financial advice.provide something for somebody: · Free parking is provided for hotel guests.· The university should provide more facilities for disabled students.provide somebody with something: · The money will be used to provide the school with new computer equipment. ► supply to provide things for people, especially regularly and over a long period of time: supply something to somebody: · The company supplies fish to local shops and restaurants.supply somebody with something: · The US government was accused of supplying the rebels with arms and equipment. ► fund to provide money for a person or organization so that they can do something: · The museum is funded by the local authority.· They suspect that the rebels are being funded by Western governments. ► offer make something available to people if they want or need it, especially something that will be good for them, such as help, advice, or a chance to do something: offer something to somebody: · The booklet offers practical advice to new parents.offer somebody something: · The prison now offers inmates the chance to study and take exams.offer something: · The shelter offers some protection from the icy winds.· Sending goods by road offers greater speed and flexibility. ► equip to provide a person, group, or organization with the things they need for a particular kind of activity or work: equip somebody with something: · Police officers have been equipped with batons and riot shields in preparation for tonight's match.· We try to equip our students with the skills they will need in the world of work. ► issue if an organization or someone in an official position issues equipment, clothes, weapons etc, they provide these things because people need them: issue somebody with something: · Police in Britain are not usually issued with guns.· Visitors are issued with identity cards to wear inside the factory.issue something to somebody: · Blankets and warm clothes will be issued to those who need them. ► lay on British to provide things such as food or entertainment, so that they are available when people want them: lay on something: · I've asked the catering manager to lay on refreshments at the meeting.be laid on: · Games and entertainment were laid on in the afternoon. ► fix somebody up with informal to provide someone with something that they need, especially in an unexpected situation: · Can you fix me up with a bed for the night?· I took the car to a nearby garage, and they managed to fix me up with a new tyre. to provide a service for a particular group of people► cater for also cater to to provide services to a group of people, especially a group that has particular problems or particular needs: · The hostel caters for single people who are unable to find affordable accommodation.· The market now caters mainly to tourists.be well catered for: · Children are well catered for at the Hotel Paradiso.cater to somebody's every need: · Cabin staff will cater to your every need. ► serve to provide a service for a very large group of people, especially those living in a particular area: · He served the community for over thirty years as a head teacher.· The new bus route will serve the villages to the west of York.serve the needs of somebody: · The center was opened four months ago to serve the health needs of a low-income neighborhood. ► provide for to provide a service for a particular group of people, especially one that they really need: · The nursing home provides for all the needs of the elderly.· Local authorities must provide for the education of all children with learning difficulties. something that is provided► supply a system of supplying things that people need, such as food or medicine: supply of: · We need to improve the supply of food to the area affected by the floods.· The steel industry depends on a regular supply of raw materials.water/blood/electricity etc supply: · The patient suffered a sudden decrease in the blood supply to part of her brain.· The drought is threatening the water supply in some areas. ► flow a continuous supply of something, especially from one place to another: · the flow of oil from the Middle East· The civil war has severely disrupted the flow of humanitarian aid to the region. ► service an organization or system that provides something for people, or the product or help it provides: · A private car service is available from the airport.· Electrical service was cut off for up to five hours in some parts of the country yesterday.provide/perform a service: · The business, if properly regulated, performs a useful service for lottery winners. a company or country that supplies things to people► supplier a company or country that supplies things to people: supplier of: · one of the world's biggest suppliers of defense equipmentthe main/major supplier: · The company is now the main supplier of educational software to schools. ► provider a company or organization that provides a service for customers: education/health/healthcare provider: · schools, colleges and other education providersservice provider: · The company is now one of the regions main Internet service providers.provider of: · a leading provider of personal financial services COLLOCATIONS FROM OTHER ENTRIES► the blood supply Phrases (=the blood that flows to a part of the body)· the blood supply to the brain ► contaminated food/blood/water supplies etc The infection was traced to contaminated food. ► supply outstrips/exceeds demand (=more is available than people need or want)· In the 1980s, the supply of grain far exceeded the demand. ► provide/supply details· Hotels that join the scheme provide details of their accommodation and facilities. ► provide/supply electricity (=produce electricity and make it available to people)· The dam will provide water and electricity for 30 million people. ► the electricity supply (=electricity provided to homes and businesses)· The storms have disrupted the electricity supply to some areas. ► supply/provide energy· The wind farm will provide enough energy for 100,000 homes. ► energy supplies· We must secure the country’s future energy supplies. ► provide/supply equipment· a contract to supply drilling equipment to the mine ► exhausting ... supply We are in danger of exhausting the world’s oil supply. ► a firm supplies something· The firm supplies office furniture to local businesses. ► a food supply· The government must ensure an adequate food supply. ► a gas supply (=a system for supplying gas to someone's house)· The engineers had quite a challenge to install the new gas supply. ► supply goods· On 3 September he supplied goods to the hotel valued at £350.00. ► inexhaustible supply She has an inexhaustible supply of funny stories. ► provide/supply instructions (=give someone instructions)· Detailed instructions are supplied with the software. ► the labour supply (=all the people available to work)· What was the effect of the war on the labour supply? ► supply lines They knew they needed to block their enemy’s supply lines (=the direction used for carrying supplies of food etc). ► ready supply a ready supply of drink ► relief supplies/aid· US troops had helped distribute relief supplies to Kurdish refugees in northern Iraq. ► was in short supply Gasoline was in short supply (=not enough of it was available) after the war. ► a steady supply· They need a steady supply of educated workers. ► law of supply and demand the law of supply and demand ► the water supply (=water and the lakes, reservoirs etc where it is stored)· A dam was built to improve the water supply. COLLOCATIONS FROM THE CORPUSADVERB► please· Please supply a valid package name.· Please supply a valid existence string.· Please supply a valid charge code.· Please supply a new, unique name for the package and any sub-packages to be created.· Please supply a valid number of modules.· D and Maggie are waiting. 19+ please supply photo. NOUN► answer· No single method supplies all the answers to investment decisions.· No single characterisation or particular formulation of the rule enjoining judicial obedience to statute can supply answers in advance ... Questions 1.· She could supply them with a few answers.· The question of work discipline was often raised by the respondents but they supplied no easy answers.· Preliminary enquiries should be treated seriously and the seller's legal representatives should do their best to supply full answers. ► company· From a busy garden centre, the company supplies roses, shrubs, trees and bedding plants, all at competitive prices.· Rather like the steel deal, one company would supply the materials and another the labor for putting them in place.· The company also supplies beer etc. to another 197 free houses and clubs within the region.· The company also supplies the local fire department with certain equipment, including special nozzles and foam.· Self installation is allowed by some companies, who supply the meter and usually arrange a survey and inspection.· Could some company not supply the basic necessary resources to deliver the lesson adequately?· Usually, the company supplies the snacks. ► contract· The arrangement sprang out of Compaq winning a contract to supply hardware, which was used to manage the 1991 national elections.· In 1986, the employer signed the main contract to supply redesigned equipment based on the patented invention.· She landed at least two substantial contracts to supply stockings to the parliamentary army in Ireland.· An oral contract for supplying a haulage service is just as enforceable as a written one for this purpose.· A particular coup for the firm was the contract to supply the rapidly expanding Marks and Spencer chain.· Would there have been a contract to supply a record if the advertisement had asked only for three wrappers and no money? ► copy· Where a party fails to supply a copy of any document the court may make such order as it thinks fit.· Shuttleworth Collection have supplied a copy of the engine manual - who else can lend a hand?· Generally, you will be supplied with a third copy for your file.· Newcastle supplied copies of ten forms.· He was found not guilty of supplying a copy of an unclassified and uncut version of the sexually explicit film Caligula.· Editor Mike Magee is keen to supply afflicted users with copies of Clearaid.· Twenty copies of the form must be supplied along with between copies of supporting documentation. ► electricity· It will supply electricity to 25,000 homes in the Midlands.· Thousands of families live there without basic services because government agencies are barred from supplying electricity and water to disputed areas.· He will recharge it from his house mains-supplied by a specialist electricity company which generates its power from the wind.· In the Altamont Pass in California some 2000 microprocessor controlled windmills have been erected to supply commercial electricity.· He subsequently offered to supply free electricity to Czechoslovakia to compensate for the loss of generating capacity from the plant.· A small diesel generator supplies electricity for the hospital, which has no patients yet.· The government mandates the franchise holder to supply all the electricity required by all users in the franchise area.· The generators have to bid for the right to supply electricity to the National Grid, the central player in the system. ► energy· Like their aquatic counterparts they have to take in a great deal of substance to supply their energy needs.· Peripheral functions, like supplying your own energy, are quickly passed on to another company.· In order to split water into oxygen and hydrogen, we would have to supply energy.· Its sole nutritional function is to supply energy.· It feeds in order to supply itself with energy, but it does not grow. ► equipment· B asks C to supply equipment which is essential to the process.· Companies such as Cisco Systems already supply some equipment for the network.· In 1986, the employer signed the main contract to supply redesigned equipment based on the patented invention.· Approval will also be given to supply bomb disposal equipment and goods for civilian end-users. ► firm· It does not deter firms from supplying on credit, and there is always insurance cover to fall back on.· Numerous firms competed to supply markets at prices which none controlled.· Among the smaller firms supplying the larger ones, some may be operating independently and others as subcontractors.· Rapid expansion of firms supplying temporary help will be responsible for much of the growth in this occupation.· The filter was developed by the University of Salonika, with the Rhone-Poulenc chemicals firm supplying the additive.· Households supply labour and demand goods; firms supply goods and demand labour.· He is preparing to send inspectors into the company to investigate growing evidence that the London-based firm knowingly supplied smugglers.· Goods are provided in this way because of difficulties in defining their desired characteristics sufficiently for private, profit-seeking firms to supply them. ► food· Some were eating, and Ruth guessed that they had broken into the food supplies they had brought for the voyage.· Table 8-2 shows the seven food groups that supplied 78 % or more of sodium for both genders and all age-groups.· Because they are more slowly metabolised, unrefined foods supply a steady stream of energy throughout the day.· This is an important issue for impoverished countries with limited food supplies.· The turkey and black vultures at the park are well-fed and then scared into bringing up their food to supply the chicks.· Does your food supply you with enough calcium, iron, and vitamins?· But at that point hope is cruelly dashed, for the food he supplies is that terrible mound of quails.· The foods which supply you with fibre also supply you with calories. ► gas· Our ability to supply gas in outlying areas has been considerably improved in joint 26A co-operation with our P.E. manufacturers.· Three restaurants were being supplied with natural gas from trucks.· All are supplied in either gas or electric models.· Upstairs were four bedrooms and a bathroom, with hot water being supplied via a gas geyser.· Hides supplies gas for the generation of power to the nearby Porgera gold mine.· It also supplied and maintained the gas street lighting. ► goods· If the seller then supplies goods or services in response to that order, there is a contract on those terms.· They follow and brilliantly exploit technological progress, and supply high-quality goods at low prices.· This part of the enterprise was particularly successful and we are grateful to Len for supplying the goods and our Hon.· If the seller supplies goods or services in response, the supply may be regarded as an acceptance of those terms.· Households supply labour and demand goods; firms supply goods and demand labour.· They keep wanting to supply goods without going through the proper procedures.· Manning said he was told Mr McVeigh had been warned on four occasions not to supply goods to the security forces. ► information· Of the 34 universities contacted only 17 were able to supply the appropriate information requested.· Only movies are supplied with any additional information.· The teacher in the next example has supplied just enough information to start Jonathon on the road to discovery.· Couplet presumably for the Confucius Sinarum Philosophus, which supplied him with the information on which he based his discovery.· Since we spoke, I have met with our accounting vice president, who supplied the necessary information.· You should repeat supplying valid information for all mandatory fields.· C, said the federal government stands by its findings because states supply the information. ► market· Are socialist bureaucrats better at supplying a market than private traders?· Numerous firms competed to supply markets at prices which none controlled.· As well as increasing export earnings they also add to the pipeline network supplying the home market.· Firms can choose to supply an overseas market either by exporting to it or by locating production there.· The move was interpreted by some as a concession to Lloyd's brokers who supply the market with its business.· The object is to establish the change in hours supply to the labour market ta.· He supervised operations from a large warehouse at Greenwich on the Thames, whence he supplied the metropolitan market in particular.· Many other companies supply products to this market place with varying degrees of compatibility. ► material· Cost reports Occasionally contractors are unable or unwilling to supply a specified material or equipment.· Rather like the steel deal, one company would supply the materials and another the labor for putting them in place.· Amdega will build it from start to finish or supply the materials only.· Here, he was much better supplied with materials than for Elphege.· But in the give and take of biology the tubeworm has to supply raw materials to the bacteria.· The owner Harry Wills accepts, provided they supply the materials and start next Monday.· Explain whether this is a legally binding contract and whether or not Wilson Decorators must supply materials and receive £800. 4. ► need· On present trends, there will be serious problems in continuing to be able to supply that particular need.· The hand pump on the other hand supplies a basic human need required by all people, clean water.· It lives in small troops in defended home ranges that supply its needs.· An acre-foot is enough water to supply the needs of a family of four for a year.· Grazing herbivores can often be supplied with all their needs from the growths of various algae present in the aquarium.· As for drink, he drew endlessly to supply his need.· You supplied a deep-seated need in me to blot out what I'd seen.· It is unreasonable to look to the school to supply all the musical needs of the parish. ► power· Many of these boats had been supplied to foreign naval powers and had been proved able and fast in all sea conditions.· The designers decided to supply the cognitive power of this machine by giving it a human.· Monktonhall was opened in the 1960s to supply its power station at Cockenzie, East Lothian.· The case is supplied with the power supply already in place and the motherboard with its memory modules fitted.· A red light above the panel showed the equipment was on, supplied by automatic power, probably from batteries.· All you need is an interface from the car phone and an inverter from the battery to supply the power.· It supplies both light and power to the works.· The wheel was originally a large low breastshot type with wooden buckets, supplying the power for six sets of stones. ► product· A producer is not required to meet expectations of safety which arise after he has supplied the product.· At first, she required customers to supply the cleaning products she used.· Under the new agreement, Ericsson will now supply the Cisco products to end-users worldwide.· If the own-brander or importer is being sued, then the 10 years run from when he supplied the product.· Andersen has also become a Notes reseller, so it can supply the product as part of its own services.· The defendant did not supply the product, e.g. it was stolen from his premises. 3.· Many other companies supply products to this market place with varying degrees of compatibility. ► quantity· During the Second World War the whole economic effort centred on supplying and employing sufficient quantities of labour and materials.· At $ 3, quantity supplied and quantity demanded are in balance; that is, equilibrium quantity is 7000 bushels.· The charge to such consumers did, of course, reflect some of the higher cost of supplying small quantities of electricity.· If you use solid fuel many approved coal merchants provide budget schemes and supply small quantities. ► service· Geographical organisations would still operate the railway, but their role was to supply train services to the business sectors.· In return, he had to supply a series of services, including assistance in four cases. 1.· If the seller then supplies goods or services in response to that order, there is a contract on those terms.· If the seller supplies goods or services in response, the supply may be regarded as an acceptance of those terms.· Also if the accountant stops supplying such services to a client this does not apparently in itself fix the time of supply.· Elected representatives have poor information on the minimum costs needed to supply a public service.· Microsoft channel partners will supply other services to the reseller community and fee-based support will also be available directly from Microsoft Connect.· An oral contract for supplying a haulage service is just as enforceable as a written one for this purpose. ► software· After all, many countries can supply cheap software technicians.· The first 50 colleges that applied were supplied with software and digital cameras.· Some firms, such as Texas, already supply all their software in this form.· Cristie supplies its own software, and there seems no reason to use anything else.· Some dealers who supply design software are able to supply computers, while others can advise you where to go for help.· Initially Lotus will supply the software through its own channels, recently bolstered in a search for more sophisticated resellers. ► water· A direct system has only one water circuit which supplies both the taps and the radiators.· High levels of coliform bacteria may indicate more serious problems in a water supply, such as the infiltration of fecal material.· The water was supplied from an eight-wheeled tanker that had arrived in Heymouth only an hour before.· A profile of the area in which the facility is situated, including its proximity to population and water supplies 4.· The hot water cylinder supplies the domestic hot water to the taps.· Experts say it would take years of equally historic rainfall to get water supplies back to normal levels.· Upstairs were four bedrooms and a bathroom, with hot water being supplied via a gas geyser.· Clean drinking water is supplied and this is as important as a varied diet to encourage birds to the garden. PHRASES FROM THE ENTRY► be well/poorly/generously supplied with something Word family
WORD FAMILYnounsuppliersuppliessupplyverbsupply 1to provide people with something that they need or want, especially regularly over a long period of time: Paint for the project was supplied by the city.supply somebody with something An informer supplied the police with the names of those involved in the crime.supply something to somebody They were arrested for supplying drugs to street dealers.2 be well/poorly/generously supplied with something to have a lot of something, a little of something etc: The lounge was well supplied with ashtrays. |
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