clinicalclin‧i‧cal /ˈklɪnɪkəl/ ●○○ adjective 
The drug has undergone extensive clinical trials (=tests to see if it is effective in treating people).clinical medicine/experience/training etc (=medicine etc that deals directly with people, rather than with research or ideas) The therapy has helped people with clinical depression (=a strong feeling of sadness, for which you need medical help).2relating to a hospital or clinic: The program gives the students experience in a clinical setting.3considering only the facts and not influenced by personal feelings: A formal marriage agreement sounds clinical, but it can be a good idea.4a clinical building or room is very plain and clean, but not attractive or comfortable: The walls were painted a clinical white.—clinically /-kli/ adverb: clinically tested drugs
EXAMPLES FROM OTHER DICTIONARIES
- a cold, clinical view of homelessness
- His words were harsh and clinical -- "I don't love you any more. It is over. I am leaving you.''
- Klinsmann was absolutely clinical in scoring that goal.
- Sound systems are now used in clinical settings, especially in psychiatrists' and dentists' offices.
- The drug has undergone a number of clinical trials.
- However, this study has been criticized on both clinical and laboratory grounds.
- Important differences existed between the clinical and rehabilitation members in their approach to patient management.
- In a well publicised case a patient recently committed suicide while under the care of a clinical ecologist.
- In our clinical age, we call it the subconscious.
- Perfection is cold and clinical, every angle precise, every edge razor sharp and according to plan.
- The department has a strong research base reflecting commitment to clinical nursing and the utilisation of research.
- This will mostly be used in clinical trials, although some is expected to go to those with official medical approval.
- While these symptoms impart a conformity to the clinical presentation, the underlying psychodynamic psychopathology is varied.
Longman Language Activatornot showing your feelings
not showing your feelings: · Police were shocked at the unemotional way the murderer described the killings.· Pat's father was a distant, unemotional man who couldn't really talk to his children.
not showing any feelings and especially not showing friendliness, humour, or pleasure: · She accused me of being cold and uncaring towards her.· The officers were cold and aloof in their dealings with other ranks.· The English are often unfairly stereotyped as cold, reserved people.
not showing the feelings that people usually show in an upsetting situation, because you have to do a job or because you really have no feelings about the situation: · His words were harsh and clinical -- "I don't love you any more. It is over. I am leaving you.''
showing no emotion when you are talking about something that is very frightening, embarrassing etc: · We were surprised at the matter-of-fact way Judith described her husband's death.· A spokesman listed the casualties in a detached, matter-of-fact tone of voice.· The condom advertising campaign is going to be very straightforward and as matter-of-fact as possible.
trying not to react in an emotional way, so that you can do your job properly or make the correct decisions about something: · You'll never be a good lawyer until you learn to be more detached.· Witnessing all the pain and suffering, it is sometimes difficult for relief workers to remain detached.
not allowing your feelings to show on your face, so that it is very difficult for people to guess how you feel: · Mr Deacon remained impassive throughout the performance.· Her impassive face showed no sign of reaction to the verdict.
feeling no pity, sadness, or sympathy, in a situation where most people would feel this: · The defendant's claims of self-defense left the jury unmoved.· How can anyone remain unmoved by pictures of starving children on our TV screens?unmoved by: · Unmoved by his pleas, Lucy strolled out of the room.
WORD SETSanabolic steroid, nounanaesthetic, nounantacid, nounantibiotic, nounantidepressant, nounantidote, nounantihistamine, nounanti-inflammatory, adjectiveantitoxin, nounaspirin, nounbalm, nounbalsam, nounbandage, nounbandage, verbBand-Aid, nounbarbiturate, nounbatch, nounBCG, nounbelladonna, nounbeta-blocker, nounbismuth, nounbooster, nouncaffeine, nouncapsule, nouncastor oil, nounchemotherapy, nounclinical, adjectivecodeine, nouncondom, nouncortisone, nouncough mixture, noundepressant, noundisinfect, verbdisinfectant, noundispensary, noundispense, verbdispensing chemist, noundiuretic, noundosage, noundose, noundose, verbdraught, noundrip, noundrug, noundrug, verbdruggist, noundrugstore, nounear drops, nounemetic, nounemollient, adjectiveEpsom salts, nouneucalyptus, nounexpectorant, nounfluoridate, verbfluoride, nounfolic acid, noungripe water, nounhallucinogen, nounhemlock, nounherbal, adjectiveherbal medicine, nounhypnotic, nounimmunize, verbinfusion, nouninhalant, nouninhaler, nouninject, verbinjection, nouninoculate, verbintravenous, adjectiveiodine, nounlaxative, nounlotion, nounlozenge, nounmagnesia, nounmedicament, nounmedicated, adjectivemedication, nounmedicinal, adjectivemedicine, nounmelatonin, nounmethadone, nounmilk of magnesia, nounmorning-after pill, nounmorphia, nounmorphine, nounnarcotic, nounnarcotic, adjectiveneedle, nounniacin, nounnicotine patch, nounobstetrician, nounointment, nounopiate, nounopium, nounoral contraceptive, nounoverdose, nounover-the-counter, adjectivepack, nounpainkiller, nounparacetamol, nounpastille, nounpatch, nounpatent medicine, nounpenicillin, nounpharmaceutical, adjectivepharmaceuticals, nounpharmacist, nounpharmacology, nounpharmacopoeia, nounpharmacy, nounplacebo, nounprescribe, verbprescription, nounpurgative, nounquinine, nounRDA, nounreaction, nounremedy, nounrubbing alcohol, nounsalve, nounsedation, nounsedative, nounsenna, nounserum, nounside effect, nounsleeping pill, nounspecific, nounsteroid, nounstimulant, nounstrychnine, nounsuppository, nounsurgical spirit, nounsyringe, nountablet, nountake, verbThalidomide, nountherapist, nountincture, nountonic, nountranquillizer, nountruth drug, nounvaccinate, verbvaccine, nounValium, nounVaseline, nounwitch-hazel, noun
COLLOCATIONS FROM THE ENTRY The drug has undergone extensive clinical trials (=tests to see if it is effective in treating people).
1[only before noun] relating to treating or testing people who are sick: The drug has undergone extensive clinical trials (=tests to see if it is effective in treating people). (=medicine etc that deals directly with people, rather than with research or ideas)
COLLOCATIONS FROM OTHER ENTRIES (=given as the result of tests)· Pneumonia was the most common clinical diagnosis with these symptoms.
(=by a doctor)· The clinical examination may not reveal anything abnormal.
COLLOCATIONS FROM THE CORPUSNOUN· The clinical application of devices or materials which contact blood is of major importance in modern medicine.· The work, if confirmed, could eventually lead to clinical application in the treatment of aplastic anaemia and malignancy.· Many other substances were screened for antiviral activity and a few drugs with limited clinical application were found.· Skeletal bone fillers Not all clinical applications demand the high mechanical strengths that are needed in dental crowns.· The study of gastric mucosal proliferation may have important clinical applications.
· The invited speakers are either themselves practising in the clinical area or currently speaking or writing about childbirth matters.· Clinical managers have more narrowly defined responsibilities than generalists and have training and / or experience in a specific clinical area.· It helps if you can limit your first list to those skills you will require in one clinical area.· But in the clinical area it is possible to teach concepts by observation and experiences supported by language.· However, in the clinical area this is not always easy to apply.· Ward learning resources During her training, a student is assigned to various clinical areas for periods of six to twelve weeks.· My period of training took place as I was practising in the clinical area.
· Examination by written papers, oral clinical assessment and thesis.· All patients routinely underwent clinical assessment of continence before operation.· This is currently undergoing clinical assessment in Britain, and if all goes well will be commercially available within a few years.· A standard, detailed clinical assessment was also carried out on a subsample of these children.
· This improvement in outcome implies economic as well as clinical benefit.
· Colonoscopic surveillance in colitis should reduce cancer related death compared with routine clinical care, by detecting early curable cancer.· That means a high standard of clinical care and a personal service.· This may be in terms of amenities in hospital wards, or in the actual clinical care provided.· This knowledge was rapidly applied to clinical care by responsible physicians.· The standard of clinical care reported is less than acceptable.· Purchasers may buy clinical care but will not want to pay the extra costs attributable to research.
· Invasion and metastasis largely determine the clinical course of colorectal carcinomas.· From these findings and from the clinical course, we concluded that the fragments had passed spontaneously into the duodenum.· When she was seen there seemed to be no good reason for this strange reversal in her clinical course.· His older sister had died at the age of 6 months after an identical clinical course.· Their clinical features were compared, as was the extent of disease, the clinical course, and prognosis.· Table I summarises their subsequent clinical course.· Secondly, transport of such critically ill patients to regional referral centres should be considered and discussed early in the clinical course.· Therefore the relation between the ICAM-1 expression and the clinical course seems to be of diagnostic interest for colonic carcinoma.
· The triple computer system contained confidential clinical data including details of how long patients had to live.· If I answer no I simply return the questionnaire without any clinical data.· The table summarises the clinical data and results.· Table I shows the clinical data on admission.· Results Table I shows clinical data for all 23 patients.· No clinical data regarding the aetiology of superficial gastritis in these patients are given.· These plants, unlike the earlier tonics, have the backing of a large amount of experimental and clinical data.· If these data were combined with clinical data then large subgroups with low mortality could be identified.
· We believe that in future clinical computer systems will provide support for making detailed clinical decisions.· This report offered a useful opportunity to discuss the extent to which the age factor might influence clinical decision making.· Whether a patient needs to be admitted immediately is a clinical decision.· Whether this has resulted in better clinical decision making, patient satisfaction, or use of resources is as yet unknown.· Fundholding practitioners would be less constrained in their clinical decision making and patients could anticipate more choice and improvements in services.· Sobel and Collen suggested that clinical decisions on intravenous heparin should await the outcome of unfinished trials.· Systematic reviews: synthesis of best evidence for clinical decisions.
· Similar definitions apply to osteoporosis or clinical depression.· Of those who commit suicide, 60 percent suffer from clinical depression, Quinnett claims.· Another important symptom of clinical depression is loss of the capacity to love.· Four of five people with clinical depression can improve and resume daily activity, usually within weeks.· There is, however, abundant evidence that many patients vulnerable to clinical depression have a constitutional deficit of serotonin.· One assumes other factors were at work, perhaps clinical depression, so that the medal controversy precipitated his decision.· Darlington magistrates were told Mr Siddle had been suffering from clinical depression triggered by business problems.· I can give you clinical depression.
· Delayed gastric emptying after surgery was confirmed in only 20% of patients referred with this clinical diagnosis.· The results are often at variance with the clinical diagnosis.· Patients who fail to respond to these regimens or whose symptoms do not allow an accurate clinical diagnosis should be referred.· It is a safe, clinical diagnosis requiring no investigation.
· This could be a dilemma for both the clinical director and other consultants within the directorate.· Such concerns can create new and significant demands upon the staff management skills of new clinical directors.
· It contributes to the syndrome of parasitic gastroenteritis and only occasionally occurs in sufficient numbers to cause clinical disease on its own.· Young calves, added to such a grazing herd in July, may develop clinical disease within 2-3 weeks.
· A report by the Royal College of Physicians of London concluded that studies of clinical ecologists were seriously flawed.· In a well publicised case a patient recently committed suicide while under the care of a clinical ecologist.· The question of validity of the methods of clinical ecologists is essentially what constitutes good science.· Papers written by clinical ecologists for clinical ecologists in clinical ecology journals have little scientific impact.
· We find much of concern in the current vituperative condemnation of clinical ecology.· No such authoritative review of clinical ecology can occur without the active participation of proponents of the approach.· Papers written by clinical ecologists for clinical ecologists in clinical ecology journals have little scientific impact.
· These early studies were performed in diabetics with and without clinical evidence of vascular disease.· However, accumulating clinical evidence suggests that the single worst action a victim can take is to submit to an abusive partner.· This hypothesis is not widely accepted as the clinical evidence generally is not supportive.· Although platelet thromboxane generation was elevated in diabetics without clinical evidence of vascular disease, the difference did not reach statistical significance.· Final microbiological diagnosis was made by two infectious disease specialists who weighed all available clinical evidence.· More recent studies have attempted to overcome this problem by electively studying diabetics free from clinical evidence of vascular disease.· Historically, clinical evidence has been the greatest source of research into differences between the hemispheres.
· A health check, in my opinion, involves a clinical examination and intervention, where appropriate, based on the findings.· Usually, the clinical presentation is not subtle, and the presence of a malignancy becomes obvious after a thorough clinical examination.· No abnormalities were found on clinical examination.· A further clinical examination is time consuming since it entails preparing another feed and watching or palpating the abdomen throughout a feed.· These results suggest that medication is often prescribed without clinical examination and probably without a diagnosis being made.
· Lack of support during previous clinical experience may have sapped the confidence of the learner.· It has been studied the most extensively and there is a very large clinical experience with the drug.· Tutorials Tutorials should be arranged during a ward allocation so that the learner covers specific subjects relevant to her clinical experience.· Would that we had had a bit more clinical experience, but that is part of their program today.· This is obviously not conducive to ward learning, and valuable clinical experience is wasted.· This has not been a problem in practical clinical experience.· His clinical experiences taken together provided the basis for, as well as continuing opportunity to re-evaluate, his theory of early emotional development.· This has not been the usual clinical experience, and these results have not been replicated.
· The high standard of diagnostic imaging skills at our hospital has led to a decreased reliance on clinical findings.· She was referred back to the medical clinic after a few months with the same clinical findings.· Tumour staging was dependant upon the histological features and the clinical findings at the time of resection.· Our clinical findings suggest that the neuronal disorder may be compensated to some degree because the intestines are richly innervated.
· This is what clinical judgment is all about.
· To minimise potential bias, the study investigators set up the ventilators but were not involved in the clinical management of patients.· Specific ethical approval was not obtained for physiological recordings, which were considered part of clinical management.· Though the numbers affected are small colonoscopic biopsy and histological examination for dysplasia seems to hold no advantage over routine clinical management.· Closer examination of these studies shows a number of features that may help in the clinical management of these patients.
· Although we used a pragmatic primary outcome, we carefully investigated all clinical manifestations.· Thus, it seems most reasonable to PostPone drug therapy of primary hyperuricemia until clinical manifestations occur.· They may thus account for observable clinical manifestations.· The clinical manifestations will reflect the location of the epileptogenic focus.· Some of the clinical manifestations in the coeliac disease patient may be a result of carnitine deficiency.
· Differences between clinical medicine and public health in their views on quality assurance are also illustrated.· Some of them are potent ganglion blocking agents and were introduced into clinical medicine, but they had grave disadvantages.· The reports illustrate the tensions between clinical medicine and public health in the formulation of health policy.· The objective is to provide the student with a basic knowledge of normal human biology with aspects relevant to clinical medicine.
· This situation has enormous implications for all patients who require an extra contractual referral based on clinical need.· I think clinical need is often influenced by the thickness of somebody's big wallet.· The practice reiterated its concern about having the freedom to refer patients according to clinical need.· The clinical need for a non-traumatic method of exploration was stated by Oldendorf in the 1960s.
· Is clinical practice supervised and formally assessed before course completion?· How much control of clinical practice should be included in the monitoring schemes?· Measurement of the albumin excretion rate requires an accurately timed collection of urine, which is difficult in routine clinical practice.· The latest findings may not make much difference to clinical practice in this country.· Isotope gastric emptying studies may be useful in clinical practice.· In clinical practice grommet insertion may be performed for a number of different indications apart from hearing loss.· This is essential for the translation of research findings into clinical practice and should be mandatory in reports in clinical journals.
· While these symptoms impart a conformity to the clinical presentation, the underlying psychodynamic psychopathology is varied.· Trismus may be very prominent, resulting in a clinical presentation mimicking tetanus.· There have been few controlled prospective studies of the effect of transferring to human insulin on the clinical presentation of hypoglycaemia.· A presumptive diagnosis of gout can often be made on the basis of hyperuricemia and the clinical presentation.· Firstly, he or she will have an understanding of primary care, especially clinical presentations in general practice.· Usually, the clinical presentation is not subtle, and the presence of a malignancy becomes obvious after a thorough clinical examination.· The clinical presentation of complex partial seizures is diverse and includes psychiatric, motor, and somatic signs and symptoms.· It is a nonspecific test and must be interpreted in the context of the total clinical presentation. 4.
· More commonly, larval numbers increase on pasture in summer and autumn giving rise to clinical problems during these seasons.· The organism was not believed to be a clinical problem.· This real clinical problem presents a therapeutic dilemma.· The main, unsolved clinical problem is chronic duodenal ulcer.· This may help in the investigation of conditions where gastroparesis is a clinical problem.· Although this complication is unlikely to cause overt clinical problems it may result in diagnostic confusion particularly with peritoneal malignancy.
· School and clinical psychologists may offer more information about the intelligence and personality of school-age children than any other professional.· The team now consists of 5 social workers, 5 community mental handicap nurses and 3 clinical psychologists.· Interviews conducted by school or clinical psychologists with parents and teachers may rule out the existence of an attention-deficit disorder.· Ninety percent of all applicants are interviewed by a clinical psychologist.· Spring is a Westport, Conn., clinical psychologist who specializes in treating issues of infidelity.
· Day hospital places have also continued to increase, but in many districts clinical psychology services are underresourced.· Keeping the contract Martin Herbert, a professor of clinical psychology, has written an excellent book, Living with Teenagers.
· Also, treatment was considered unsuccessful when clinical remission was not achieved after four weeks.· He was referred in 1984 and had a full clinical remission with elemental diet and began single food reintroductions.· All patients with ulcerative colitis were in clinical remission and had normal levels of haemoglobin, C-reactive protein, and serum orosomucoid.· Almost all affected twins were in clinical remission.· They were otherwise in clinical remission.
· Nurses as researchers Nurses are admirably placed to carry out clinical research.· If you were doing clinical research with a spiritual or religious factor, you were considered fringe.· Other programs are based on clinical research and used in professional practices.· If Britain is to maintain its tradition of excellent clinical research adequate support must be provided for the clinical costs of research.· The company invests heavily in clinical research, beyond what is needed to get its drugs past the regulators.· Britain's clinical research is widely acknowledged to be in very bad shape.· There has then little clinical research in this field, although a recent paper from appeared in Aviation and Space Medicine.
· How do we pay for clinical services which we are purchasing?· That is, it may be easier to agree a price for a contract for clinical services than to assess cost or cost-effectiveness.
· The principal clinical signs in heavy infections are rapid weight loss and diarrhoea.· When laboratory findings confirm clinical signs of nutrition problems, an interview with a nutritionist is essential.· In severe infections, diarrhoea is the most prominent clinical sign.· Mass emergence of these larvae results in the severe clinical signs described previously.· This is based on the grazing history and clinical signs of loss of condition and anaemia.· Otherwise, clinical signs are absent except in the occasional case of intestinal or biliary obstruction.· A group of specific clinical signs seem useful in predicting hypoxaemia.· This is based on clinical signs, seasonal occurrence of disease and, if possible, lesions at post-mortem examination.
· Reserpine became the focus of further clinical studies.· Many clinical studies initially reported excellent results with the drug.· These pathological findings are in agreement with clinical studies, the most convincing evidence coming from the prospective community study in Framingham.· All the government wanted was a statutory vehicle such as these clinical studies to prove whether this works or not.· Dougherty has been doing the basic research and clinical studies for the past five years.· Pre-emptive analgesia has, indeed, been said to have been shown to occur in several clinical studies.· For example, the distinction between pre-clinical and clinical studies has been eroded in some medical courses.
· Pneumonia was the clinical symptom most strongly associated with seroconversion among drug users.· The clinical symptoms of magnesium excess or deficiency can be demonstrated to relate to this dependence.· None experienced side effects or clinical symptoms.· Patients with active colitis had clinical symptoms of urgency, loose stools, abdominal pain, and blood in the stool.· Epigastric pain was the main clinical symptom of duodenal ulcer disease: this was experienced by all patients before entering the study.· The commonest clinical symptom associated with V cholerae non-O1 infection is watery diarrhoea, mild to moderate in severity.
· Because this skill is vital to a nurse, it must be developed by clinical teachers, tutors and the ward team.· The clinical teacher should be part of the ward team, but must resist becoming an extra pair of hands.· The teacher may be a more experienced student, one of the ward's trained staff or the clinical teacher.· Formal departmental boundaries were lost, and clinical teachers were involved from the beginning of the course.· The student and the clinical teacher can work as a team, though not necessarily together.· The role of the clinical teacher has been discussed in the previous chapter.· Here, therefore, only the opportunities and problems in bedside nursing as they affect the clinical teacher will be mentioned.· The clinical teacher also has a responsibility to ensure that a high standard of nursing care is given to the patient.
· Some limited laboratory and clinical tests undertaken at Bayer led to the belief that it was slightly too toxic to be acceptable.· Approval is by no means certain, despite two rounds of late-stage clinical tests that appear to demonstrate the Serono drug works.
· The high cost of clinical trials and animal tests has forced Beecham to hold back products that looked promising in research.· Data from more than thirty clinical trials involving more than 10, 000 pain patients unequivocally support this conclusion.· New products currently under development and in clinical trials in our biomedical business offer exciting potential for future growth.· Agouron is counting on Viracept sales to finance development of several other products, including a cancer drug now in clinical trials.· Publication bias: the case for an international registry of clinical trials.· Insurers have everything to gain by supporting clinical trials.· If it is confirmed by longer and larger clinical trials, this will rightly be hailed as a scientific triumph.· These cancer surveillance programmes are now widely implemented despite not having been subjected to clinical trial.
· Six thrombolytic agents are either approved for clinical use or under clinical investigation in some patients with acute myocardial infarction.· Pronethalol had only just come into clinical use when it was found to produce tumours in mice.· Like the beta-blocking drugs which came into clinical use later, their effects were not predicted but were undoubtedly useful.· Whether these agents will be safe enough for clinical use in man remains unknown.· Although not yet in clinical use there is now some highly innovative potential in the treatment of disease.· A further restriction on the clinical use of alumina is the response of tissues to its implantation.· Similarly, despite widespread clinical use, evidence for sulphasalazine renal toxicity is scanty.· Examples of the clinical uses of bioceramics.
· During the three-year course for registration, the student nurse spends four-fifths of her time on clinical work.· Do they use that in making decisions about their clinical work?· The post was very interesting and involved a good blend of research, teaching and clinical work.· Supplementary income generating activities include clinical work and consultancies for donor agencies.· Good and less good students all need teaching and supervision in their clinical work.· His work on dreams and symbolism has proved valuable in clinical work.· The increased detail of these codes means that hospital coders are likely to have more difficulty in coding clinical work accurately.
The drug has undergone extensive clinical trials (=tests to see if it is effective in treating people).clinical medicine/experience/training etc (=medicine etc that deals directly with people, rather than with research or ideas) The therapy has helped people with clinical depression (=a strong feeling of sadness, for which you need medical help).2relating to a hospital or clinic: The program gives the students experience in a clinical setting.3considering only the facts and not influenced by personal feelings: A formal marriage agreement sounds clinical, but it can be a good idea.4a clinical building or room is very plain and clean, but not attractive or comfortable: The walls were painted a clinical white.—clinically /-kli/ adverb: clinically tested drugs