单词	competence
释义	competencecom‧pe‧tence /ˈkɒmpətəns $ ˈkɑːm-/ ●●○ noun Examples EXAMPLES FROM OTHER DICTIONARIES Players are judged by their competence on the field. The level of competence among hospital staff was not as high as expected. Understanding the instructions requires a ninth grade reading competence. EXAMPLES FROM THE CORPUS All however, share the aim of developing professional competence. But we act in these matters not by authority of our competence but by force of our commissions. It is the competence to recognize and enact the rules, procedures and forms of understanding of a particular cultural environment. It is this which enables language competence and thus also language performance. Mastery, absolute competence, is mandatory for a leader. There was never any question about his competence. Whom you see depends sometimes on professional competence and journalistic ability. Thesaurus Longman Language Activatorthe ability to do something► ability the physical or mental skill or knowledge that makes you able to do something: · The course material depends on the level of ability of the student.ability to do something: · Our ability to think and speak makes us different from other animals.· Luckily, she had innate ability to judge people quickly and accurately.somebody's abilities as a teacher/doctor etc: · Harmon decided to create a business out of his abilities as a speaker. ► capability the ability of a person, machine etc to do something, especially something difficult that needs a lot of knowledge, skill, advanced equipment etc: · Man Ray explored the capabilities of the camera to their fullest extent.capability to do something: · It is unclear whether the country has the capability to produce nuclear weapons.capability of doing something: · This computer system gives the user the capability of accessing huge amounts of data. ► capacity use this especially about a very great ability to do something or to behave in a particular way: capacity for: · He has an enormous capacity for hard work.· Cheryl's capacity for understanding and compassion is impressive.capacity to do something: · Children have a remarkable capacity to learn language. ► skill a special ability that you need to learn in order to do a particular job or activity: · These exercises develop the student's reading and writing skills.· You need computer skills for most office jobs.· Being a good manager requires a number of highly specialized skills. ► competence the ability and skill to do what is needed: · The level of competence among hospital staff was not as high as expected.· Understanding the instructions requires a ninth grade reading competence. ► power a natural ability to do something, especially to see, hear, speak etc: the power of sight/speech/hearing etc: · She was so surprised that for a few seconds she lost the power of speech.· The ostrich is a bird that no longer has the power of flight.power to do something: · Doctors cannot explain why some people lack the power to fight off the disease. ► powers : powers of judgement/reasoning/persuasion etc the ability to do something that involves mental effort or skill, such as persuading, forming an opinion, thinking etc: · This problem is designed to test your powers of observation.· Teachers have the responsibility to develop students' powers of critical thinking.· She impressed us all with her dazzling intellectual powers. ► faculties the natural abilities that everyone normally has, for example the ability to think, see, hear, and speak: · As we age we begin to lose some of our faculties.in full possession of your faculties: · Although he was dying, he remained in full possession of his faculties. ► resources qualities such as courage and a strong mind that you need in order to deal with a difficult situation: · She's tough - I'm sure she has the emotional resources to handle it.· The new work stretches the physical resources of the company's dancers. ► aptitude the natural ability that someone has to learn a new subject or activity and become good at it: · A trainee with normal aptitude can learn these techniques in a few months.aptitude for: · At an early age Susan showed an aptitude for languages.aptitude test: · All applicants are given aptitude tests before being invited for interview. WORD SETS► Employment absenteeism, nounarticled clerk, black economy, nounbloodletting, nounblue-collar, adjectivebook-keeper, nounboss, nounbusiness agent, career path, nouncareer structure, nounCFO, Chartered Financial Consultant, nounCIO, co-manager, nouncommercial agent, company car, nouncompany doctor, company officer, competence, nouncompliance officer, co-worker, nouncreative director, curriculum vitae, nounCV, noundeputy chairman, deskill, verbdismiss, verbdowngrade, verbdownsize, verbearn, verbearner, nounemploy, verbemployable, adjectiveemployee, nounemployer, nounemployment agency, nounengage, verbenrolled agent, escrow agent, executive chairman, filing clerk, fill-in, nounfull-time, adjectiveheadhunter, nounhealth and safety, nounhuman resources, nounjob application, job centre, nounjobless, adjectivelabour exchange, nounledger clerk, moonlight, verbnatural wastage, nounnepotism, nounnetworking, nounnine to five, adverbnumber-cruncher, nounoccupational, adjectiveoff, adverboff-duty, adjectiveoperative, nounoutwork, nounoverseer, nounoverstaffed, adjectivepenalty clause, nounpension fund, nounpension plan, nounpersonnel, nounpiecework, nounpositive discrimination, nounpost, nounpreferment, nounproject engineer, qualification, nounqualify, verbquit, verbrecommendation, nounrecruit, verbredeploy, verbredundancy, nounredundant, adjectivereferee, nounreference, nounreinstate, verbresearch manager, resign, verbresignation, nounresume, nounretired, adjectiveretiree, nounretirement, nounself-employed, adjectivesharecropper, nounshift, nounskilled, adjectivetechnical analyst, testimonial, nountime and motion study, nountrainee, nountransfer agent, underemployed, adjectiveundermanned, adjectiveunderstaffed, adjectiveunemployable, adjectiveunemployed, adjectiveunemployment, noununemployment benefit, noununskilled, adjectivevacancy, nounvacant, adjectivewhite-collar, adjectiveworkday, nounwork experience, nounworkforce, nounworking papers, nounworkweek, noun Collocations COLLOCATIONS FROM THE ENTRYverbs► have competence · Older people often feel that they don't have any competence with computers. ► demonstrate/show competence · Students have to demonstrate competence in maths and science. ► acquire/achieve/gain/develop competence · First you have to acquire competence in methods of research. ► lack competence · Some staff members lacked the competence to deal with technical problems. adjectives► professional competence · The courses will improve the skills and professional competence of the staff. ► technical/linguistic/managerial etc competence · There are many careers that require a high degree of linguistic competence. ► social competence · The first years of life are very important in a child's growth toward social competence. phrases► a level/standard/degree of competence · The trainees are expected to acquire a basic level of competence. COLLOCATIONS FROM THE CORPUSADJECTIVE► communicative · Being a communicator, having what Hymes calls communicative competence, involves much more.· Which of the questions below will reveal most about the reader's communicative competence? ► high · The possibility of progression to modules requiring higher levels of competence should also be borne in mind when designing programmes.· Mary achieved a high degree of competence in all projects.· The tapes and scores which they produce come across with real sincerity, and display surprisingly high levels of competence.· Not surprisingly, therefore, they appear to be reaching a higher level of competence.· Adults are at least able to acquire, even though this may not be at a sufficiently high level of competence.· Secondly, instruments tend to dwell on deficits in performance rather than levels of higher competence. ► linguistic · The second solution is to regard linguistic knowledge or competence as a characteristic of the individual child.· In order to construct an integrated theory of linguistic competence, it is essential to discover the logical ordering of components or levels.· We are concerned, then, with more than simply linguistic competence.· Fewer assumptions are made in such dictionaries about the linguistic competence of the user.· Work should start from the pupils' own linguistic competence.· This represents a very great pool of linguistic competence.· Despite extensive research, how humans achieve their linguistic competence has still to be fully explained.· Only if this latter requirement is met can we begin to talk of linguistic competence. ► national · At first sight, this would appear to be a Community instrument instructing Member States as to how to exercise their national competence.· Local competence and national competence are, as one would expect, fairly closely related.· To argue this point is to speculate beyond our data on national and local competence. ► professional · Licentiateship, Graduateship, Membership and Fellowship awards are available as a means of recognising professional competence to the highest levels.· They need to provide better information and more evidence of courtesy, caring and professional competence, researchers concluded.· For example, in professional education, professional competence is equally important, if not more so.· Whom you see depends sometimes on professional competence and journalistic ability.· All however, share the aim of developing professional competence.· Voluntary certification can attest to professional competence in a specialized field of accounting and auditing.· When the pressure is on to respond to an event after it happens, the client will then judge your professional competence.· Less formally educated people can acquire professional competence. ► technical · The traditional approach to the training and selection of headteachers has been on the basis of technical competence reinforced by practical experience.· Still, they had been promoted primarily for their technical competence, not their management or interpersonal skill.· There are certain opportunities that only occur to organisations with the necessary technical competence, market position or trading relationships.· The managers did come to see that acquiring managerial competence actually meant sacrificing some of their technical competence.· As a result of increasing specialisations and technical competence, delegation of authority has increased.· A lack of technical competence shouted from the report, asserted Cook.· Appointments are rarely made on the basis of professional or technical competence alone. NOUN► language · In each case, the language competence acquired is additive: it does not replace earlier competencies.· It is clear, as Chomsky ceaselessly points out, that language competence enables almost infinite variations in language performance.· It is this which enables language competence and thus also language performance. VERB► achieve · The trainees will know that they have achieved this competence.· Those who are privileged achieve the competence with which to shape the future.· Despite extensive research, how humans achieve their linguistic competence has still to be fully explained.· Human survival is the final indispensable objective of all efforts to achieve a universal humane competence in 1985. ► acquire · Less formally educated people can acquire professional competence.· But as they acquired managerial competence, the balance began to shift.· The two main tasks of acquiring oral/aural competence and achieving basic literacy are dealt with in the course's two parallel streams.· The managers did come to see that acquiring managerial competence actually meant sacrificing some of their technical competence. ► demonstrate · The managers built up portfolios which enabled them to demonstrate competence in ten specific areas from their day to day work.· Students will be asked to demonstrate competence with a problem posed in this area. b. Abstract / Scientific Mathematics.· Few things were more demoralising than to stand uselessly by while other men demonstrated their professional competence.· Many have demonstrated that professional competence can be acquired quite simply and successfully by less educated people. ► develop · Classroom teaching is therefore important in helping the student to develop confidence and competence. ► extend · We will insist on more effective control over Community spending and will resist pressure to extend Community competence to new areas. ► require · The possibility of progression to modules requiring higher levels of competence should also be borne in mind when designing programmes.· This will require considerable competence on behalf of the teacher who will need to set the general framework.· Modern agriculture demands not only scientific and biological knowledge, it also requires managerial competence. ► show · Evidence to show competence is agreed in the personal learning contract.· This, when once achieved, will show a competence in the area being studied.· But babysitters who've completed the course can show a certificate of competence to the child's parents to reassure them.· Much evidence shows that interpersonal competence is a prerequisite for a successful managerial career.· Plentiful quotations from the Bible and from the Fathers show a competence but nothing more.· The country, too, needs a government which shows confidence, competence and a sense of purpose. 1[uncountable] (also compe·ten·cy /-tənsi/) the ability to do something well OPP  incompetencecompetence in Students will gain competence in a wide range of skills.competence of He questioned the competence of the government.professional/linguistic/technical etc competence Doctors have to constantly update their knowledge in order to maintain their professional competence.2[uncountable] law the legal power of a court of law to hear and judge something in court, or of a government to do somethingbe within the competence of something Many legal issues are within the competence of individual states rather than the federal government.3[countable] (also competency) formal a skill needed to do a particular job:  Typing is considered by most employers to be a basic competence.COLLOCATIONSverbshave competence· Older people often feel that they don't have any competence with computers.demonstrate/show competence· Students have to demonstrate competence in maths and science.acquire/achieve/gain/develop competence· First you have to acquire competence in methods of research.lack competence· Some staff members lacked the competence to deal with technical problems.adjectivesprofessional competence· The courses will improve the skills and professional competence of the staff.technical/linguistic/managerial etc competence· There are many careers that require a high degree of linguistic competence.social competence· The first years of life are very important in a child's growth toward social competence.phrasesa level/standard/degree of competence· The trainees are expected to acquire a basic level of competence.
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