单词	constrain
释义	constraincon‧strain /kənˈstreɪn/ ●○○ AWL verb [transitive] Word Origin WORD ORIGINconstrain Origin: 1300-1400 Old French constraindre, from Latin constringere ‘to constrict, constrain’, from com- ( ➔ COM-) + stringere ‘to pull tight’ Verb Table VERB TABLE constrain Simple Form Present I, you, we, they constrain he, she, it constrains Past I, you, he, she, it, we, they constrained Present perfect I, you, we, they have constrained he, she, it has constrained Past perfect I, you, he, she, it, we, they had constrained Future I, you, he, she, it, we, they will constrain Future perfect I, you, he, she, it, we, they will have constrained Continuous Form Present I am constraining he, she, it is constraining you, we, they are constraining Past I, he, she, it was constraining you, we, they were constraining Present perfect I, you, we, they have been constraining he, she, it has been constraining Past perfect I, you, he, she, it, we, they had been constraining Future I, you, he, she, it, we, they will be constraining Future perfect I, you, he, she, it, we, they will have been constraining Examples EXAMPLES FROM OTHER DICTIONARIES Poor economies abroad may constrain demand for U.S. exports. The bill actually constrains the legislature from doing what they are elected to do. EXAMPLES FROM THE CORPUS However, a real plant will be constrained by the amount of already existing plant material and its needs. In the boiler overhaul, for example, Taylor found that a worker lost much time because of his constrained position. Nature abhors the superfluous, yet is constrained to produce the seemingly extravagant. They assume, that is, that the principles of analogy and local interpretation constrain their experience. They have also been constrained by Britain's geographic location and limited resources. Third, as a government becomes less committed to democracy, the freedom and independence of the media are increasingly constrained. Wealth, however, is not similarly constrained. Collocations COLLOCATIONS FROM THE CORPUSADVERB► less · Finally, these books are less constrained and more cynical in their criticism of science than those written by nonscientists.· They enjoyed sophisticated pleasures, less constrained than elsewhere, which seemed to purists appallingly perverse.· For the late fifth and early sixth centuries, however, he was less constrained.· Fundholding practitioners would be less constrained in their clinical decision making and patients could anticipate more choice and improvements in services. ► more · The detailed are more constrained and continuous with the plot.· But affirmative action is clearly going to be a more constrained remedy in future years than in past decades.· The more constrained the grammar the greater the reduction in the number of incorrect partial solutions.· The factor price equalization set is now, however, more constrained.· But workers' influence has been more constrained than these provisions might suggest. ► severely · It is also interesting to note that often they are severely constrained.· But they are severely constrained by the time-table of forty-minute periods. NOUN► action · Now what is constraining my action here?· Other sorts of things can constrain my actions too, of course. ► activity · Sixthly, the role of prudence in constraining the activities of states especially when there was a perceived balance of power. VERB► feel · You could take Richard anywhere too but you would feel constrained to keep explaining he was a genius.· Because they are unsure of their male identities, they feel constrained to prove them continually.· Black feels constrained by the threat of xe8 to capture the white rook which has been en prise for nine consecutive moves. Word family WORD FAMILYnounconstraintverbconstrain 1to stop someone from doing what they want to do SYN  restrictconstrain somebody from doing something Financial factors should not constrain doctors from prescribing the best treatment for patients.2to limit something SYN  restrict:  Poor soil has constrained the level of crop production. Women’s employment opportunities are often severely constrained by family commitments.
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