单词	contaminated
释义	contaminatedcon‧tam‧i‧nat‧ed /kənˈtæmɪneɪtɪd/ adjective Examples EXAMPLES FROM OTHER DICTIONARIES contaminated drinking water Contaminated water leaked from the nuclear reactor. Several people became ill after eating hamburger meat contaminated with the E.coli bacteria. The soil around the plant is heavily contaminated. EXAMPLES FROM THE CORPUS Bioremediation appears to be a very attractive, and in many cases a cost-effective way of cleaning up many contaminated sites. But it later emerged that the first of three contaminated cargoes arrived on October 5. He foresees truck-mounted accelerator X-ray units being driven to contaminated sites. It arises when an immune animal is suddenly exposed to a massive larval challenge, usually from a heavily contaminated field. No one knows whether the area is contaminated or not. Surely she accepts that the Government were right to provide compensation for haemophiliacs who became infected through contaminated blood factor 8. The virus is spread through contact with contaminated food and water. When whales eat contaminated prey, organochlorines go first to the digestive system, and are then deposited in fatty tissues. Thesaurus THESAURUS► dirty not clean: · His clothes were untidy and he had dirty hands. ► filthy very dirty: · Each year filthy water causes millions of cases of illness. ► muddy covered with mud: · It had been raining hard and the path was muddy. ► dusty covered with dust: · the dusty shelves in the attic ► greasy covered with oil or grease: · Greasy food is bad for your health. ► grubby (also mucky British English) informal fairly dirty and needing to be cleaned or washed: · He was wearing a grubby white T-shirt.· mucky fingers ► grimy covered with thick dirt or dirt that has been there a long time: · I couldn’t see much out of the grimy windows of the train. ► dingy looking dark, dirty, and unpleasant. Used about rooms, houses, and buildings: · We worked in a dingy little office behind the station. ► polluted used about land, water, or air that has been made dirty: · 85% of city dwellers breathe heavily polluted air. ► contaminated made dirty by a dangerous substance or bacteria: · The virus is mainly spread through contaminated food. ► squalid formal extremely dirty and unpleasant. Used about the place or conditions in which someone lives: · People are living in squalid conditions, with little water and no sanitation. ► unhygienic formal used about dirty conditions that are likely to cause disease, especially conditions in kitchens, restaurants, and hospitals: · The food was prepared under unhygienic conditions. ► unsanitary (also insanitary British English) formal used about dirty conditions that are likely to cause disease, especially because there is not a good system for getting rid of waste: · People’s health is being threatened by overcrowded and insanitary homes.· They work for long hours in unsanitary conditions. ► soiled formal made dirty, especially by waste from your body: · Soiled nappies should be changed as quickly as possible. Longman Language Activatordirty and bad for your health► unhygienic likely to cause disease - use this about dirty conditions in kitchens, restaurants, and hospitals: · It is unhygienic to store raw meat at that temperature.· Hospital cleaners were criticized for the unhygienic conditions of the central kitchens. ► polluted water or air that is polluted has a lot of harmful waste or poisonous chemicals in it: · Sayers said that if he's elected his administration will make a priority of cleaning up the region's polluted rivers.· Central London is the most polluted spot in Britain.polluted with/by: · Large parts of the Mediterranean are still polluted with toxic waste.heavily polluted (=very badly polluted): · The air was heavily polluted with exhaust fumes. ► contaminated food, water, or land that is contaminated is not safe to use or be in because dangerous chemicals or bacteria have come into it: · contaminated drinking watercontaminated with/by: · Several people became ill after eating hamburger meat contaminated with the E.coli bacteria.heavily contaminated (=very badly contaminated): · The soil around the plant is heavily contaminated. ► insanitary insanitary conditions are dirty and likely to cause disease, especially because there is no effective way of getting rid of waste: · Amnesty claims the prisoners are being kept in overcrowded and insanitary conditions. WORD SETS► Chemistry acetate, nounacid, nounacidic, adjectiveacidify, verbactive, adjectiveadditive, nounagent, nounalchemy, nounalcohol, nounalkali, nounalkaline, adjectiveamalgam, nounantioxidant, noun-ate, suffixatomic number, nounbase, nounbauxite, nounbeaker, nounbenzene, nounbiochemistry, nounbitumen, nounbleach, nounbond, nounbonding, nouncalcify, verbcarbohydrate, nouncarbonate, nouncarbon dioxide, nouncarbonize, verbcatalyst, nouncaustic, adjectivechain reaction, nounchemical, nounchemical, adjectivechemical reaction, nounchemist, nounchemistry, nounchlorinate, verbcitric acid, nouncombustion, nounconcentration, nouncondense, verbcontaminant, nouncontaminate, verbcontaminated, adjectivecorrode, verbcorrosion, nouncorrosive, adjectivecrucible, nouncrystal, nouncrystallize, verbcyanide, nounDDT, noundecay, verbdecay, noundecompose, verbdegrade, verbderive, verbdetoxification, noundextrose, noundioxin, noundispersion, noundissolve, verbdistill, verbeffervesce, verbeffervescent, adjectiveelectrolysis, nounelectrolyte, nounelectroplate, verbemulsify, verbemulsion, nounenzyme, nounexpand, verbfatty acid, nounferment, verbferment, nounflashback, nounflask, nounformaldehyde, nounformula, nounfructose, nounfungicide, nounfuse, verbgas, noungaseous, adjectiveglucose, noungranular, adjectivegraphite, nounhallucinogen, nounhelium, nounherbicide, nounhydrate, nouninert, adjectiveinsoluble, adjectiveinsulin, nounion, nounionize, verblactic acid, nounlimescale, nounlitmus, nounlitmus paper, nounlitmus test, nounmethane, nounmixture, nounmolecule, nounneon, nounnerve gas, nounneutralize, verbneutron, nounnitric acid, nounnucleic acid, nounnucleus, nounnutrient, nounorganic chemistry, nounosmosis, nounoxidize, verboxyacetylene, nounoxygenate, verbozone, nounpart, nounpectin, nounpesticide, nounpestle, nounpetrochemical, nounpH, nounphotosynthesis, nounplasma, nounpolyunsaturated, adjectivepotash, nounprecipitate, verbprecipitate, nounprecipitation, nounproduct, nounprussic acid, nounquicklime, nounradioactive, adjectiveradioactivity, nounradiology, nounreact, verbreaction, nounreactive, adjectivereagent, nounresidue, nounretort, nounriboflavin, nounsalt, nounsaltpetre, nounsaturate, verbsaturated, adjectivesaturation, nounsaturation point, nounsemiconductor, nounsoft, adjectivesolid, nounsolution, nounsolvent, nounstability, nounstabilizer, nounstable, adjectivestarch, nounsteam, nounsucrose, nounsulphate, nounsulphide, nounsulphur, nounsulphur dioxide, nounsulphuric acid, nounsulphurous, adjectivesurface tension, nounsuspension, nounsynthesize, verbsynthetic, adjectivetannin, nountartaric acid, nounTNT, noununstable, adjectivevalence, nounvitamin, nounvolatile, adjectivevulcanize, verbwater softener, nounwater-soluble, adjectivewater vapour, nounwetting agent, noun Collocations COLLOCATIONS FROM THE ENTRY► contaminated food/blood/water supplies etc  The infection was traced to contaminated food. COLLOCATIONS FROM OTHER ENTRIES► contaminated water (=water that has harmful substances in it)· They became ill from drinking contaminated water. COLLOCATIONS FROM THE CORPUSNOUN► blood · Surely she accepts that the Government were right to provide compensation for haemophiliacs who became infected through contaminated blood factor 8.· Does she agree that haemophiliacs and others who are given contaminated blood transfusions receive them from the national health service?· There are more than 1,000 haemophiliacs and nearly 100 others who received contaminated blood transfusions.· They were given contaminated blood before tests were introduced in 1985. ► food · The concern is that most contaminated food is caused by incorrect storage at home, where fridge temperatures may be too high.· The virus is spread through contact with contaminated food and water.· If you eat some contaminated food, you will not necessarily feel the ill-effects immediately.· There is no single agency responsible either for monitoring food safety or for prosecuting those who sell contaminated food.· Humans can be affected by pesticides through breathing in spray, brushing against treated plants and eating contaminated food.· Children pick up the eggs from contaminated food or pets, and the worms hatch out at night.· As a result, there has been a steady inflow of contaminated food since July 1986. ► land · Friends of the Earth accused the government of retreating from a firmly-stated commitment to identify contaminated land.· Registers of contaminated land would be available for public scrutiny from April 1993.· Other factors include two years of drought, acid rain, run-off from contaminated land and reduced governmental expenditure on sewage treatment.· For two decades therefore villagers lived near cyanide- contaminated land without even knowing. ► site · Bioremediation appears to be a very attractive, and in many cases a cost-effective way of cleaning up many contaminated sites.· He foresees truck-mounted accelerator X-ray units being driven to contaminated sites.· By last week, government and state officials had doubled their estimates of contaminated sites to about 100.· Most of the debate about cleaning contaminated sites has concentrated on the Superfund programme.· It would have obliged local authorities to draw up a register of contaminated sites in their area, and supervise their clean-up.· The Agency has also pledged to triple the number of cleanups of contaminated sites conducted under the Superfund programme by 1993. ► soil · The programme will involve stripping lead paint from housing, replacing lead water pipes and removing contaminated soil from Tehranmany areas.· There is also the question of whether it is better to treat on-site or to transport contaminated soil to a specialist plant.· Sometimes conventional biological reactors are used to clean-up groundwater and/or contaminated soils. ► water · It spread fast in the contaminated water of the great cities, killing in all four epidemics about 100,000 people.· The allegation was that the defendants had supplied contaminated water to the plaintiffs thereby causing them personal injury.· Or Pavitra, who drinks contaminated water in her Delhi slum.· Its hold is estimated to contain some 2,000 tons of contaminated water.· Many had no time to save their possessions as the filthy, sewage contaminated water surged into their homes.· This contaminated water eventually resurfaces as a spring, and effectively poisons the plants all around.· From 200 years on, risks are mainly from contaminated water infecting crops.· More than eight thousand gallons of contaminated water had to be pumped out of Cannop Brook. water, food etc that is contaminated has had a harmful substance added to it → taintedcontaminated food/blood/water supplies etc The infection was traced to contaminated food.► see thesaurus at dirty
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