单词 | country |
释义 | country1 nouncountry2 adjective countrycoun‧try1 /ˈkʌntri/ ●●● S1 W1 noun (plural countries) Word OriginWORD ORIGINcountry1 ExamplesOrigin: 1200-1300 Old French contrée, from Medieval Latin contrata ‘(land) which lies opposite’, from Latin contra; ➔ CONTRA-EXAMPLES FROM OTHER DICTIONARIES Thesaurus
THESAURUS► country Collocations an area of land controlled by its own government, president, king etc: · Thailand is a beautiful country.· Which country would you most like to visit? ► nation a country, considered especially in relation to its people and its political and economic structure: · The events shocked the whole nation.· The US is the most powerful nation in the world.· Leaders of the world’s major industrialized nations attended the meeting. ► state a country considered as a political organization with its own government: · They believe that Scotland should be an independent sovereign state.· Most European states joined the Council of Europe. ► power a country that is very strong and important: · a meeting of the great powers· Britain is still a world power. ► superpower one of the most powerful countries in the world: · During the Cuban Missile Crisis there was a real danger of conflict between the two world superpowers. ► land literary a country – used in stories: · He told them about his journeys to foreign lands.· a traveller from a far-off land Longman Language Activatora country► country a separate independent area of land whose people have their own government, president, king etc: · Brazil is one of the biggest countries in the world.· The northeast of the country will experience heavy rainfall and high winds.· Most people in this country are worried about the economy.all over/all around the country: · Riots and demonstrations broke out all over the country after the assassination of Martin Luther King. ► nation a country considered especially in relation to its people and its social and economic conditions and structures: · Japan has become one of the richest nations in the world.· Representatives from the world's leading industrial nations will meet in Geneva.nation of: · We are a nation of both great wealth and terrible poverty. ► state a country considered especially as a political unit that has a particular type of political organization: · In 1830, Greece became an independent state.· The state of Israel was created in 1948.a democratic/one-party etc state (=with that type of government): · For more than 70 years, the former Soviet Union was a one-party state.member state (=a country belonging to an international organization): · the member states of the European Union ► power a strong country that is able to influence other countries politically or economically: · The western powers hardly knew how to react to this threat.· France was the only European power not to sign the treaty.world power (=having influence all over the world): · Germany's strong industrial base has helped maintain its status as a major world power. ► superpower a nation that has very great military and political power: · The book traces the emergence of China as a superpower in the 21st century. ► land country - use this especially in stories and in formal speeches: · His travels in foreign lands provided him with the inspiration for many of his poems and songs.· Our story takes place in a far-off land, long, long ago. a country that is partly or completely controlled by another► colony a country that has no independent government of its own and is controlled by another, more powerful country: · The United States was once a colony of Great Britain.· In 1980, the former British colony of Rhodesia gained independence as the Republic of Zimbabwe. land that belongs to a particular country► territory · Colombian guerrillas had reportedly been operating in Venezuelan territory.· Ecevit campaigned in May 1991 to have foreign troops removed from Turkish territory. ► soil: on British/French/US etc soil on land that belongs to Britain, France, the US etc - use this to talk especially about important events: · The treaty will be signed on US soil.· This was the first time that the Pope had set foot on Cuban soil. all the people who live in a particular country► the people all the people of a country: · It was a fair election, the people have made their decision, and we must all accept it.the American/British/Thai etc people : · UK Prime Minister Tony Blair said the British should stand shoulder to shoulder with the American people.my/our people : · "Millions of our people are still victims of poverty," said Mandela.the people of : · To what extent did the people of Italy support the new government? ► the nation/the country all the people of a country, considered together as a group - use this especially to talk about important events that affect everyone in the country: · The President will make a radio broadcast to the nation this evening.· When Churchill died, the whole nation went into mourning.· The president seems to no longer care what the country thinks.· People think our country has lost its sense of purpose and direction. ► population the total number of people who live in a particular country or the total number of a particular group of people: · In many Western European countries the population is no longer increasing.population of : · The population of Germany is about 80 million.the Jewish/Russian/Asian etc population : · The country's Jewish population was angered by the prime minister's remarks. someone from a particular country► citizen someone from a particular country, especially someone who has rights in that country, such as the right to vote and the right to live there permanently: · Noriko's a Japanese citizen, but her parents are originally from South Korea.· Fahd became a British citizen after living there for several years.citizen of: · Claire is now a citizen of the US. ► national someone who is a citizen of a particular country - use this about someone who is living in another country: Polish/American etc national: · There are many Russian nationals living in Frankfurt.foreign national : · During the war, foreign nationals were forced to leave the country. ► a native of formal someone who was born in a particular country, used especially to talk about the life of a famous person who moved to another country: a native of Spain/France/Scotland etc: · Picasso was a native of Spain, although he spent much of his life in France. the legal right to live in a particular country► nationality · The application form asks you to state your name, age, and nationality.French/German/British etc nationality · Despite being born in Germany, these children do not have an automatic right to German nationality.dual nationality (=nationality of two countries) · Jeanne has dual nationality because her mother is French and her father is English.nationality of · The nationalities of the plane crash victims have not yet been released. ► citizenship the legal right to live in a country, use this especially when this right is given to someone who comes from another country: · After five years in the US, foreign nationals can apply for full US citizenship.grant somebody citizenship (=officially give someone citizenship): · Krebs was granted French citizenship in 1992. the country where you were born► home country · Many of the refugees are keen to return to their home countries now that the fighting has stopped.· Jesper Parnevik became the first Swedish golfer to win a European Tour event in his home country.· After spending seven years in Japan, Claude returned to his home country of France. ► native land formal or written the country where you were born: · Connery is a nationalist and fiercely proud of his native land.· Thousands of Irish families left their native land and went to America in search of a better life. having a great love of your country► patriotic · At Llewellyn's funeral service, she was remembered as a patriotic American who had served her country well.patriotic duty (=something you must do if you love your country) · Voting is part of your patriotic duty. ► nationalistic someone who is nationalistic is very proud of their own country, but often has no respect for people from other countries because they believe that their own country is much better: · The senator's strong nationalistic views are frightening to many liberals.· As nationalistic feelings grew, life became increasingly difficult for immigrants. people who want their country or area to be independent► nationalist · His father was a nationalist during the civil war.· Indian nationalists finally won independence for their country in 1947. happening in, or relating to a particular country► national happening in or relating to all of a particular country, not just part of it: · The national news comes on at 18:30.· Winners of the regional competitions compete in the national finals. ► domestic happening in or relating to your own country, not other countries: domestic issue: · The President's speech covered a range of foreign and domestic issues.domestic market (=when a company sells goods in the country where it is based): · Volkswagen produce cars both for the domestic market and for export.domestic flight (=within a country): · Security on domestic flights in the US has been stepped up considerably. ► internal: internal affairs/problems/matters things that concern a particular country - use this especially to say that foreign countries should not become involved in them: · Each country has the right to control its own internal affairs.· Western countries have been accused of interfering in Brazil's internal problems. ► at home events that happen at home happen within your own country and do not involve any other countries, used especially when you are comparing what is happening in your country with what is happening in foreign countries: · Sales of electrical goods have increased, both at home and abroad.· Shocked by the events at home, the president cut short his trip to Europe. belonging to, provided by, or involving a particular country► national · Alitalia is the national airline of Italy.· a national policy for energy· the National Museum of Film and Photography in Bradford ► federal controlled by or involving the central government, rather than the governments of the separate states that make up a large country: · Medicaid is a large federal health care program for the poor.· Several federal officials have been charged with corruption.· Most people want to see new federal gun laws introduced. happening in or involving a lot of countries► international · This is CNN, bringing you all the latest international news.· an international agreement on the disposal of toxic waste · The goal of the program is to increase international understanding and good will. ► multinational: multinational company/firm/corporation etc a big company that trades and employs people in several different countries: · The government is attempting to stimulate the economy by attracting multinational corporations.· Multinational companies have often been accused of employing cheap labour in developing countries. ► multilateral: multilateral agreement/treaty/negotiations etc involving or done by the governments of several different countries: · EU ministers proposed a multilateral agreement on arms control. the area away from towns and cities► the country · They've gone to the country for the weekend.in the country · Clarisa didn't care for New York, she wanted to live in the country.· We've found a lovely little cottage in the country.· Living in the country, you feel much closer to nature. ► countryside use this especially when you are talking about the beauty or good qualities of this kind of area: · Somerset is famous for its rolling hills and beautiful countryside.the countryside: · She went to an expensive girls' school situated deep in the heart of the countryside.countryside of: · The countryside of Tuscany is a wonderful landscape of fields and valleys, with many historic monuments.the French/Sussex/German etc countryside : · The Provençal countryside provided the inspiration for many artists. in or from the area away from towns or cities► country · It took us an hour to reach the farm house, driving along winding country roads.· Old country churches are a big tourist attraction.· Brattleboro offers all the pleasures of a small country town.· Umbria is a wonderful region where life is simple and the people are decent country folk. ► rural use this especially to talk about social problems or conditions that exist in the country: · a rural development program · There continues to be a shortage of jobs for young people in many rural areas.· The committee will investigate ways of recruiting doctors and nurses for rural communities.· At that time, much of rural Ireland was desperately poor. ► rustic use this especially to talk about things or people in the countryside that are interesting, attractive, or old-fashioned: rustic charm/beauty/simplicity: · American tourists are fascinated by the village's rustic charm.· The rustic beauty of the countryside attracted many prominent citizens to Marin County.rustic scene: · The picture showed a typical rustic scene. an area of the world or a country► area an area of land that is part of the world or part of a country: · Police think the crime was committed by someone from outside the area.area of: · There is a shortage of water in many areas of the world.· Hannah grew up in a beautiful area of Ireland.somebody's area (=the area where someone lives): · The cost of electricity has risen in our area. ► region a large area that is part of a country or of the world: · There have been reports of fighting in the region.region of: · For several years they lived in a remote region of Kenya.· Severe winter weather is expected in the northeast region of the country. ► zone an area that is in some way special or different from the areas around it, for example because it has a particular type of problem: · San Francisco and Tokyo are both located in earthquake zones.· Half of the community lies in a flood zone.war/battle zone: · UN troops are unwilling to enter the battle zone. ► country an area of land that is of a particular type or that is used for a particular activity, lived in by particular people etc: · The Midwest is largely farming country.· Not many people live in the hill country any more. ► locality formal a small area of a country: · In some localities the price of housing has risen by more than fifty percent in the last decade.· The city council is responsible for providing police protection in each locality. a poor country► developing country/nation a country that is not rich and does not have much industry or business activity: · Bellamy called on the United States to increase aid to developing nations.· Leaders of developing countries from around the world met in Indonesia to devise ways to improve their economies. ► Third World a Third World country or nation is poor and does not have much industry. Third World is used especially in a negative sense when talking about the problems that these countries face: the Third World (=these countries in general): · Most of the population in the Third World is concentrated in large cities.Third World country/nation: · Sometimes I think that England is becoming a Third World country. WORD SETS► Geographyabyss, nounalluvial, adjectivealluvium, nounalpine, adjectiveAmerican, adjectiveAntarctica, anticyclone, nounarchipelago, nounArctic, adjectivearid, adjectiveAsia, atlas, nounatoll, nounAustralasia, Australasian, adjectiveAustralia, avalanche, nounaxis, nounbank, nounbarometer, nounbarrier reef, nounbasin, nounbay, nounbayou, nounbeach, nounbearing, nounbed, nounbight, nounbluff, nounborder, nounborder, verbborderland, nounborderline, nounborough, nounbox canyon, nounBritish, adjectivebutte, nouncanyon, nouncape, nouncapital, nouncardinal point, nounCaribbean, adjectivecartography, nouncay, nounchain, nounchaparral, nounchart, nounchasm, nounchimney, nounChinese, adjectivecirrus, nounCIS, nouncliff, nounclimate, nounclimatic, adjectivecoastal, adjectivecoastline, nouncockney, nouncol, nouncold front, nouncommuter belt, nouncompass, nounconfluence, nouncontinent, nouncontinental, adjectivecontinental shelf, nouncontour, nounconurbation, nouncoordinate, nouncorridor, nouncorrie, nouncoterminous, adjectivecouncil estate, nouncountry, nouncounty, nouncounty town, nouncourse, nouncove, nouncrag, nouncraggy, adjectivecreek, nouncrevasse, nouncrevice, nouncumulus, nouncyclone, noundateline, noundelta, noundesert, noundesert island, noundevelopment, noundistrict, noundivide, noundown, adverbdune, noundust bowl, nouneast, nouneast, adjectiveeast, adverbeastbound, adjectiveeasterly, adjectiveeasterly, nouneastern, adjectiveEasterner, nouneasternmost, adjectiveeastwards, adverbelevation, nouneminence, nounenvirons, nounequatorial, adjectiveerode, verberosion, nounescarpment, nounestuary, nounEurope, nounextraterritorial, adjectiveeyot, nounface, nounfarmland, nounfeeder, nounfiord, nounfirth, nounfjord, nounflood plain, nounfluvial, adjectivefrontier, nounfrontiersman, noungale force, adjectivegap, noungeo-, prefixgeography, noungeophysics, noungeopolitics, noungeyser, nounglacial, adjectiveglaciation, nounglacier, nounglobe, noungoldfield, noungorge, noungrassland, nounGrecian, adjectivegreen belt, noungrid, noungrotto, noungroundwater, noungulch, noungulf, noungully, nounhead, nounheadland, nounheadwaters, nounheartland, nounhemisphere, nounhighland, adjectivehighlands, nounhigh water mark, nounhinterland, nounHome Counties, the, homeland, nounhurricane, noun-i, suffixIberian, adjectiveiceberg, nounice cap, nounice floe, nounice pack, nounice sheet, nouninhabitant, nouninland, adjectiveinland, adverbinlet, nouninner city, nouninshore, adverbinsular, adjectiveintercontinental, adjectiveInternational Date Line, nounisland, nounisle, nounislet, nounisobar, nounIsraeli, adjectiveIsraeli, nounisthmus, nounItalian, adjectiveItalianate, adjectiveItalo-, prefixJapanese, adjectivekey, nounknoll, nounlagoon, nounlake, nounlandlocked, adjectivelandmass, nounlandslide, nounlandslip, nounlat., Latin, adjectiveLatin America, nounLatin American, adjectivelatitude, nounlevee, nounlittoral, nounlong., longitude, nounlongitudinal, adjectivelough, nounlowlands, nounlow-lying, adjectivelow water mark, nounmagnetic north, nounmagnetic pole, nounmarsh, nounmarshland, nounmeander, verbMediterranean, adjectiveMercator projection, nounmeridian, nounmesa, nounMiddle America, nounmidtown, adjectivemonsoon, nounmoorland, nounmorass, nounmountain, nounmountainside, nounmountaintop, nounmouth, nounmudslide, nounmull, nounnarrows, nounnavigation, nounNE, neck, nounnor'-, prefixnorth, nounnorth, adjectivenorth, adverbNorth America, nounnortheast, nounnortheast, adjectivenortheasterly, adjectivenortheastern, adjectivenortheastwards, adverbnortherly, adjectivenorthern, adjectivenortherner, nounnorthernmost, adjectivenorthwards, adverbnorthwest, nounnorthwest, adjectivenorthwesterly, adjectivenorthwestern, adjectivenorthwestwards, adverbnotch, nounNW, NZ, oasis, nounoccidental, nounocean, nounonshore, adjectiveopenness, nounOrdnance Survey map, nounoriental, adjectiveoutcrop, nounoverspill, nounpack ice, nounpaddy, nounpalisade, nounpan-, prefixpanhandle, nounparallel, nounpeak, nounpeninsula, nounPersian, adjectivephysical geography, nounplain, nounplateau, nounpoint, nounpolar, adjectivepole, nounpolitical geography, nounpollutant, nounpop., populate, verbpopulation, nounprairie, nounprecipice, nounprecipitation, nounPrime Meridian, principality, nounprojection, nounpromontory, nounprovince, nounprovincial, adjectivepueblo, nounR, rainfall, nounrain forest, nounrain gauge, nounrainstorm, nounrange, nounravine, nounreef, nounreference, nounregion, nounregional, adjectiverelief map, nounreservoir, nounresettle, verbresidential, adjectiveresource, nounridge, nounrift valley, nounrise, verbriver, nounriver basin, nounriver bed, nounRoman, adjectiverotation, nounrugged, adjectiverun-off, nounrural, adjectivesand, nounsand bar, nounsandstorm, nounsandy, adjectivesavanna, nounScandinavian, nounscar, nounscarp, nounscree, nounscrubland, nounSE, seaboard, nounsea breeze, nounseafront, nounsea level, nounseaport, nounseaward, adjectivesection, nounsemitropical, adjectiveshelf, nounslough, nounsmog, nounsnowfield, nounsource, nounsouth, nounsouth, adjectivesouth, adverbSouth America, adjectivesoutheast, nounsoutheast, adjectivesoutheasterly, adjectivesoutheastern, adjectivesoutheastwards, adverbsoutherly, adjectivesouthern, adjectivesouthernmost, adjectivesouthwards, adverbsouthwest, nounsouthwest, adjectivesouthwesterly, adjectivesouthwestern, adjectivesouthwestwards, adverbspeleology, nounspit, nounspur, nounstrait, nounsubcontinent, nounsubtropical, adjectivesuburb, nounsuburban, adjectivesummit, nounsurvey, nounsurvey, verbSW, swamp, nountableland, nounterrain, nounterritory, nountidal, adjectivetidal wave, nountidewater, nountime zone, nountop, nountopography, nountor, nountornado, nountown, nountown centre, nountowpath, nountrack, nountract, nountrade route, nountrail, nountransatlantic, adjectivetranscontinental, adjectivetributary, nountropic, nountropical, adjectivetundra, nountyphoon, nounUK, the, uncharted, adjectiveup, adverbup-country, adjectiveuplands, nounupper, adjectiveupriver, adverbupstate, adjectiveupstream, adverbuptown, adverburban, adjectiveurbanized, adjectiveurban renewal, nounurban sprawl, nounUS, the, adjectivevalley, nounW, warm front, nounwaste, adjectivewasteland, nounwater, verbwatercourse, nounwaterfall, nounwaterfront, nounwaterhole, nounwatering place, nounwater meadow, nounwatershed, nounwater table, nounwaterway, nounweather vane, nounwest, nounwest, adjectiveWest, nounwestern, adjectiveWesterner, nounwesternmost, adjectivewestward, adverbwilderness, nounwolds, nounzoning, noun COLLOCATIONS FROM THE ENTRY Meaning 1ADJECTIVES/NOUN + country► a foreign country Phrases (=not your own country)· Have you ever worked in a foreign country? ► a strange country (=not your own country)· She was in a strange country, with no friends and no family. ► a European/African/Asian etc country· The president will be visiting four European countries. ► a democratic/capitalist/communist etc country· the former socialist countries of Eastern Europe ► your home/native country (=where you were born or live permanently)· After five years in America, she returned to her home country, Japan. ► a developing/Third World country (=poor and trying to increase its industry and trade)· Many developing countries receive some foreign aid. ► a developed country (=rich and where most people have a comfortable life)· Developed countries are responsible for most emissions of carbon dioxide. ► an underdeveloped country (=poor and developing more slowly than others)· The disease still exists, mainly in underdeveloped countries. ► an industrialized country· America and other industrialized countries ► an advanced country· technologically advanced countries such as Japan ► a Christian/Muslim/Catholic etc country· England became a Christian country in the seventh century. ► your adopted country (=that you have chosen to live in permanently)· I felt proud of my adopted country, America. ► a great country (=important, with many past achievements)· the great countries of Europe ► an independent country (=not controlled by another country)· Malaysia has been an independent country since 1963. ► an occupied country (=controlled by an army from another country)· For many years, Egypt was an occupied country. ► a free country (=where people’s actions are not too restricted)· You can go where you like – it’s a free country. ► a member country (=belonging to a particular international organization)· the member countries of the European Community ► the host country (=where an event is held)· Which is the host country for the next Olympic Games? verbs► run/govern the country (=officially control a country)· The government has the job of running the country. ► rule a country (=have complete control of a country)· For a long time the country was ruled by military dictators. ► leave the country· The journalists were given 24 hours to leave the country. ► flee the country (=leave it very quickly to avoid trouble)· At the outbreak of the war, many people fled the country. ► serve your country (=work for your country in an official way)· Remember those who are serving our country as soldiers, sailors, and airmen. ► lead the country· She became the first woman to lead the country. ► represent your country· It’s a great honour to be chosen to represent your country in a sport. ► betray your country (=be disloyal, especially by giving secrets to other countries)· He betrayed his country for the sake of communism. phrases► somebody’s/something’s country of origin (=where you were born or live permanently, or where something was produced)· Please give your name, age, and country of origin. Meaning 3ADJECTIVES/NOUN + country► open country (=away from towns, and with few buildings, walls, trees etc)· We left the city and headed towards the open country in the north. ► wild country (=not used or farmed by people)· I love the wild country of the Scottish Highlands. ► rough country (=difficult to travel over)· a vehicle especially designed for rough country ► walking/riding/farming etc country· To the east is an area of rich farming country. ► mountain/mountainous country· a vast stretch of mountain country ► hill/hilly country· He grew up in Texas hill country. ► wooded country (=with a lot of trees)· They escaped through hilly, wooded country. ► desert country· Not much grows in this desert country. COLLOCATIONS FROM OTHER ENTRIES► the sea/mountain/country air· the salty smell of the sea air ► somebody’s place/country of birth· I wanted to find out my father’s place of birth. ► a country/town church· an attractive country church surrounded by trees ► a country club (=a sports and social club, usually in the countryside)· Ted was a member of an exclusive country club. ► what is the world/the country etc coming to? (=used to say that the world etc is in a bad situation) ► communist country a communist country ► a country cottage (=in the countryside)· A lot of people dream of living in a country cottage. ► a rural/country craft (=done in the countryside)· The museum contains exhibits of old rural crafts. ► desert country/land· Large parts of Oman are desert country. ► developed countries/nations► developing countries/nations aid to developing countries ► even in rich countries· Poverty exists even in rich countries. ► a far-off land/country/place etc visitors from a far-off land far-off galaxies ► fleeing ... country Masaari spent six months in prison before fleeing the country. ► Francophone countries/nations/communities► country gentleman an English country gentleman ► hill country (=a rural area where there are a lot of hills)· the rough hill country on the Welsh border ► host country/government/city etc the host city for the next Olympic Games ► hot countries people who live in hot countries (=where the weather is usually hot) ► industrial countries/nations/states a meeting of the world’s major industrial nations ► country lane a quiet country lane ► lead the country Some people say she is too old to lead the country (=be in charge of its government). ► leave a job/country/Spain etc Many missionaries were forced to leave the country. It seems that Tony has left the band for good (=permanently). ► a member state/country/nation (=a country that belongs to an international organization)· the member states of the European Union ► non-member state/country imports from non-member countries ► open countryside/country At weekends people want to leave the town for open countryside. ► at opposite ends of the country They work at opposite ends of the country (=a long distance apart), so only see each other at weekends. ► the country/place of origin (=the country or place where something is made or produced)· The rugs are somewhat cheaper in their country of origin. ► parts of the country· He sometimes went to visit friends in other parts of the country. ► a country road· He was driving along a quiet country road when a tyre suddenly burst. ► served ... country the women who served their country in the war ► cross-country/downhill skiing► Baroque-/Swedish-/country- etc style Cuban-style black beans and rice a Colonial-style house ► a subjugated people/nation/country► sweep the country/nation/state etc a wave of nationalism sweeping the country ► travel the world/country· They travelled the world together. ► the whole school/country/village etc (=all the people in a school, country etc) The whole town came out for the parade. COLLOCATIONS FROM THE CORPUSADJECTIVE► communist· It also looks at the problems of mounting an anti- dumping action against a Communist country.· Take any Communist country and it will be better educated than its neighbors.· Persons leaving a Communist country were normally presumed to be fleeing persecution.· In Communist countries, firms can only deal with state trading organisations and the only customer is the government. ► developed· Other developed countries as a group showed growths of 8 percent in exports by volume and of 9 percent in imports.· Threshing machines spread where grain was harvested in developed countries.· Millions of jobs are likely to be lost in the developed countries while Third World nations slump deeper into poverty.· In the developed western countries private resources and the capital market were quite adequate.· Life expectation at birth is about 45 years in developing countries and more than 70 years in developed countries.· There are considerable differences between the problems of so-called developed and developing countries.· In other words, there have been more military coups in underdeveloped than in developed countries.· Not surprisingly, these developments have been most widely exploited among the developed countries where the barriers to integration have been least. ► developing· They would be the envy of most developing countries.· Meanwhile, what does a developing country look like?· It report points out that, in many developing countries, women are primarily responsible for subsistence farming.· New committees were established on commodities, poverty alleviation, service sectors and economic co-operation among developing countries.· It has also been suggested that testing for HIV-1 antibodies in these specimens is cost-effective and suitable for screening in developing countries.· If developing countries tap existing sources for money to improve communications, then there may be less cash for other projects.· The application of geochemical mapping to environmental studies in developing countries is being investigated.· There is a large literature on technology transfer, though not much of it is from the perspective of the developing countries. ► different· Activities i. Establish mechanisms for timely and systematic information exchange between public health agencies of different countries about emerging infectious diseases.· A number of examples of positive action in different countries are noted.· Details and procedures change, of course, with alterations in the law, and different countries have different systems.· Was there ever any evidence that juvenile crime rates were significantly different in these countries?· Other keyboard types need different country key mappings and some don't even have a pounds sign!· Today the company boasts 150 titles in 49 different countries, each dealing with a slightly different aspect of the computer trade.· To refine the final video an early version of the cartoon was screened for children from five different countries. ► foreign· For example, one may owe the duty to the just government of foreign countries.· They agreed they were quite lucky to escape the fire and set off for a foreign country.· The war, which broke out in August 1998, involves a number of foreign countries and several rebel groups.· That undertaking seemed to be developing into a commitment to conduct a private murder investigation in a foreign country.· Results: Fifty-six percent of Internet requests came from 46 states, and 44 % from 8 foreign countries.· We have no reason to give it to some foreign country. ► industrial· Also, we should not forget that the period 1945-73 was a special catching up period for most industrial countries.· The consequence is to be seen in a rise of mass discontent in the main industrial countries.· Many of the major industrial countries have seen unemployment increase - Interruption Mr. Speaker Order.· Citizens in both industrial countries and developing countries watch greater amounts of television each year.· Recent legislation in most industrial countries has helped to turn this into reality.· Workers reaped benefits far beyond those in nearly every other industrial country.· By comparison, the woodland areas of industrial countries appear to be growing slightly in size. ► other· In many other countries the initiating steps will be taken by an officer attached to the court.· The tendency to achieve planned targets by whatever means is well known in other Eastern block countries.· These larger companies often own plants in different regions of Britain, as well as in other countries.· The lessons learnt should be of great value to the analysis of other countries in the process of transition.· Despite all this, very little attention has been given to the issue in Great Britain as compared with other countries.· Remarkably similar results have been obtained by studies in the United Kingdom and other countries.· Wealthy people can usually take their money elsewhere, for the benefit of other countries.· That has to be encouraged if our game is to produce the skills which are found in other countries. ► poor· It is a proposal which would still leave small countries, and especially poor countries, with a requirement to export wastes.· When it comes to investment, there are today no rich or poor countries.· Many poor countries neglect their national parks.· Today most of the women in poor countries work the land.· They committed themselves to giving 0.7 % of their national wealth to poor countries.· We are fighting this battle community by community in the poorest countries in the world...· Objective: Funding of rural development programmes, mainly for the poorest Third-World countries.· The geographical distribution of internet hosts further illustrates the wide differences in connectivity between rich and poor countries. ► rich· The rich in hot countries made for the mountains.· To just be rich in this country is no longer any novelty.· As we become richer as a country we shall be able to do all these things.· When it comes to investment, there are today no rich or poor countries.· Thus, it leaves room for poor countries with well-distributed resources and rich countries with concentrated resource distributions.· High wages no longer come automatically for the unskilled who live in rich countries.· Investment is often portrayed as a cure-all for the economic ills of rich countries.· I felt angry that this kind of suffering could go on right here in the richest country in the world. ► western· Yet, despite the mushrooming of coffee bars in the high streets of western countries, supply still exceeds demand.· The Arab states allocate a higher percentage of their gross domestic product to military expenditures than do the Western countries.· Today, however, especially among the younger generation, we see a very different set of attitudes in western countries.· In western countries, in modern times, economic growth and expanding public activity have, with rare exceptions, gone together.· The community health movement in western countries presents a similar challenge to the medical dominance we have described.· The 1980s witnessed a significant shifting of the boundary between the public and the private sectors in many Western countries.· In the developed western countries private resources and the capital market were quite adequate.· Instead, Britain and other Western countries took the easy path of leaving it to Washington. ► whole· They are recent arrivals, for the whole country was covered by ice until a few thousand years ago.· The whole country wanted more dams.· Half a century ago, the whole country was alive with rumours of invasion.· Advertising has become an $ 88-billion industry-more than the whole country spends on higher education annually.· The work was to be completed over the whole country in fifteen years.· The Monterey Coast Guard is the worst in the whole country.· Recently when a gang stole some large buddha images from the temple complex at Pagan, the whole country was outraged.· Residents and environmentalists are concerned that Plymouth is becoming a nuclear dumping ground for the whole country. NOUN► member· However it was reported that member countries considered oil and energy problems less urgent than in the past.· They have no qualms about forcing member countries to spend money on water they might think could be better spent elsewhere. ► music· Any blend of black and country music would have powerful precedents.· Given the monochromatic melodrama of modern country music, versatility may not be the correct answer.· I switch from Limbaugh to a country music station.· If Dallas wins, country music will take over.· That was the great thing about country music, it did not mince words.· On the radio, country music.· The real point is, country music is back - like it or not.· No wonder country music sounds the way it does. VERB► flee· One gentleman has fled the country of his own volition, using yet another identity.· Major Rabwoni fled the country a few days later.· He was overthrown in a coup in 1991 and forced to flee the country, but that only fed his popularity.· Many of the 21 had reportedly fled the country.· With that, more than 1. 5 million Hutus fled to neighboring countries.· In order to escape payment Beamish fled the country and he only returned to Britain at irregular intervals from then on.· Prosecutors suspected from the outset that Stoner had fled the country. ► leave· Four months later she left the country and travelled constantly, following her lover wherever he wanted to go.· Is there no sense of outrage left in this country?· It was to tell the head of state to whom he was accredited that he ought to leave the country.· This is one of the few cities left in the country where a penny still buys time on a meter.· Short of them suddenly having to leave the country, there really isn't any excuse.· Persons leaving a Communist country were normally presumed to be fleeing persecution.· They were left unmolested in inhospitable country.· Many writers and intellectuals, particularly in recent days, have left the country altogether. PHRASES FROM THE ENTRY► the country 1[countable] an area of land that is controlled by its own government, president, king etc → nation: the Scandinavian countries developing countries travelling to a foreign country → mother country2the country a)land that is outside towns and cities, including land used for farming SYN the countrysidein the country I’ve always wanted to live in the country. b)all the people who live in a particular country: The president has the support of the country.3[uncountable] an area of land that is suitable for a particular activity, has particular features, or is connected with a particular person or people: The Peak District is good walking country. mountainous country the rugged moors of Brontë country4[uncountable] country and western music: I’m a big fan of country.5go to the country British English if a prime minister goes to the country, they ask for a general election to be heldCOLLOCATIONS– Meaning 1ADJECTIVES/NOUN + countrya foreign country (=not your own country)· Have you ever worked in a foreign country?a strange country (=not your own country)· She was in a strange country, with no friends and no family.a European/African/Asian etc country· The president will be visiting four European countries.a democratic/capitalist/communist etc country· the former socialist countries of Eastern Europeyour home/native country (=where you were born or live permanently)· After five years in America, she returned to her home country, Japan.a developing/Third World country (=poor and trying to increase its industry and trade)· Many developing countries receive some foreign aid.a developed country (=rich and where most people have a comfortable life)· Developed countries are responsible for most emissions of carbon dioxide.an underdeveloped country (=poor and developing more slowly than others)· The disease still exists, mainly in underdeveloped countries.an industrialized country· America and other industrialized countriesan advanced country· technologically advanced countries such as Japana Christian/Muslim/Catholic etc country· England became a Christian country in the seventh century.your adopted country (=that you have chosen to live in permanently)· I felt proud of my adopted country, America.a great country (=important, with many past achievements)· the great countries of European independent country (=not controlled by another country)· Malaysia has been an independent country since 1963.an occupied country (=controlled by an army from another country)· For many years, Egypt was an occupied country.a free country (=where people’s actions are not too restricted)· You can go where you like – it’s a free country.a member country (=belonging to a particular international organization)· the member countries of the European Communitythe host country (=where an event is held)· Which is the host country for the next Olympic Games?verbsrun/govern the country (=officially control a country)· The government has the job of running the country.rule a country (=have complete control of a country)· For a long time the country was ruled by military dictators.leave the country· The journalists were given 24 hours to leave the country.flee the country (=leave it very quickly to avoid trouble)· At the outbreak of the war, many people fled the country.serve your country (=work for your country in an official way)· Remember those who are serving our country as soldiers, sailors, and airmen.lead the country· She became the first woman to lead the country.represent your country· It’s a great honour to be chosen to represent your country in a sport.betray your country (=be disloyal, especially by giving secrets to other countries)· He betrayed his country for the sake of communism.phrasessomebody’s/something’s country of origin (=where you were born or live permanently, or where something was produced)· Please give your name, age, and country of origin.COLLOCATIONS– Meaning 3ADJECTIVES/NOUN + countryopen country (=away from towns, and with few buildings, walls, trees etc)· We left the city and headed towards the open country in the north.wild country (=not used or farmed by people)· I love the wild country of the Scottish Highlands.rough country (=difficult to travel over)· a vehicle especially designed for rough countrywalking/riding/farming etc country· To the east is an area of rich farming country.mountain/mountainous country· a vast stretch of mountain countryhill/hilly country· He grew up in Texas hill country.wooded country (=with a lot of trees)· They escaped through hilly, wooded country.desert country· Not much grows in this desert country.THESAURUScountry an area of land controlled by its own government, president, king etc: · Thailand is a beautiful country.· Which country would you most like to visit?nation a country, considered especially in relation to its people and its political and economic structure: · The events shocked the whole nation.· The US is the most powerful nation in the world.· Leaders of the world’s major industrialized nations attended the meeting.state a country considered as a political organization with its own government: · They believe that Scotland should be an independent sovereign state.· Most European states joined the Council of Europe.power a country that is very strong and important: · a meeting of the great powers· Britain is still a world power.superpower one of the most powerful countries in the world: · During the Cuban Missile Crisis there was a real danger of conflict between the two world superpowers.land literary a country – used in stories: · He told them about his journeys to foreign lands.· a traveller from a far-off land
country1 nouncountry2 adjective countrycountry2 adjective [only before noun] ExamplesEXAMPLES FROM OTHER DICTIONARIES Thesaurus
Longman Language Activatora country► country Collocations a separate independent area of land whose people have their own government, president, king etc: · Brazil is one of the biggest countries in the world.· The northeast of the country will experience heavy rainfall and high winds.· Most people in this country are worried about the economy.all over/all around the country: · Riots and demonstrations broke out all over the country after the assassination of Martin Luther King. ► nation a country considered especially in relation to its people and its social and economic conditions and structures: · Japan has become one of the richest nations in the world.· Representatives from the world's leading industrial nations will meet in Geneva.nation of: · We are a nation of both great wealth and terrible poverty. ► state a country considered especially as a political unit that has a particular type of political organization: · In 1830, Greece became an independent state.· The state of Israel was created in 1948.a democratic/one-party etc state (=with that type of government): · For more than 70 years, the former Soviet Union was a one-party state.member state (=a country belonging to an international organization): · the member states of the European Union ► power a strong country that is able to influence other countries politically or economically: · The western powers hardly knew how to react to this threat.· France was the only European power not to sign the treaty.world power (=having influence all over the world): · Germany's strong industrial base has helped maintain its status as a major world power. ► superpower a nation that has very great military and political power: · The book traces the emergence of China as a superpower in the 21st century. ► land country - use this especially in stories and in formal speeches: · His travels in foreign lands provided him with the inspiration for many of his poems and songs.· Our story takes place in a far-off land, long, long ago. a country that is partly or completely controlled by another► colony a country that has no independent government of its own and is controlled by another, more powerful country: · The United States was once a colony of Great Britain.· In 1980, the former British colony of Rhodesia gained independence as the Republic of Zimbabwe. land that belongs to a particular country► territory · Colombian guerrillas had reportedly been operating in Venezuelan territory.· Ecevit campaigned in May 1991 to have foreign troops removed from Turkish territory. ► soil: on British/French/US etc soil on land that belongs to Britain, France, the US etc - use this to talk especially about important events: · The treaty will be signed on US soil.· This was the first time that the Pope had set foot on Cuban soil. all the people who live in a particular country► the people all the people of a country: · It was a fair election, the people have made their decision, and we must all accept it.the American/British/Thai etc people : · UK Prime Minister Tony Blair said the British should stand shoulder to shoulder with the American people.my/our people : · "Millions of our people are still victims of poverty," said Mandela.the people of : · To what extent did the people of Italy support the new government? ► the nation/the country all the people of a country, considered together as a group - use this especially to talk about important events that affect everyone in the country: · The President will make a radio broadcast to the nation this evening.· When Churchill died, the whole nation went into mourning.· The president seems to no longer care what the country thinks.· People think our country has lost its sense of purpose and direction. ► population the total number of people who live in a particular country or the total number of a particular group of people: · In many Western European countries the population is no longer increasing.population of : · The population of Germany is about 80 million.the Jewish/Russian/Asian etc population : · The country's Jewish population was angered by the prime minister's remarks. someone from a particular country► citizen someone from a particular country, especially someone who has rights in that country, such as the right to vote and the right to live there permanently: · Noriko's a Japanese citizen, but her parents are originally from South Korea.· Fahd became a British citizen after living there for several years.citizen of: · Claire is now a citizen of the US. ► national someone who is a citizen of a particular country - use this about someone who is living in another country: Polish/American etc national: · There are many Russian nationals living in Frankfurt.foreign national : · During the war, foreign nationals were forced to leave the country. ► a native of formal someone who was born in a particular country, used especially to talk about the life of a famous person who moved to another country: a native of Spain/France/Scotland etc: · Picasso was a native of Spain, although he spent much of his life in France. the legal right to live in a particular country► nationality · The application form asks you to state your name, age, and nationality.French/German/British etc nationality · Despite being born in Germany, these children do not have an automatic right to German nationality.dual nationality (=nationality of two countries) · Jeanne has dual nationality because her mother is French and her father is English.nationality of · The nationalities of the plane crash victims have not yet been released. ► citizenship the legal right to live in a country, use this especially when this right is given to someone who comes from another country: · After five years in the US, foreign nationals can apply for full US citizenship.grant somebody citizenship (=officially give someone citizenship): · Krebs was granted French citizenship in 1992. the country where you were born► home country · Many of the refugees are keen to return to their home countries now that the fighting has stopped.· Jesper Parnevik became the first Swedish golfer to win a European Tour event in his home country.· After spending seven years in Japan, Claude returned to his home country of France. ► native land formal or written the country where you were born: · Connery is a nationalist and fiercely proud of his native land.· Thousands of Irish families left their native land and went to America in search of a better life. having a great love of your country► patriotic · At Llewellyn's funeral service, she was remembered as a patriotic American who had served her country well.patriotic duty (=something you must do if you love your country) · Voting is part of your patriotic duty. ► nationalistic someone who is nationalistic is very proud of their own country, but often has no respect for people from other countries because they believe that their own country is much better: · The senator's strong nationalistic views are frightening to many liberals.· As nationalistic feelings grew, life became increasingly difficult for immigrants. people who want their country or area to be independent► nationalist · His father was a nationalist during the civil war.· Indian nationalists finally won independence for their country in 1947. happening in, or relating to a particular country► national happening in or relating to all of a particular country, not just part of it: · The national news comes on at 18:30.· Winners of the regional competitions compete in the national finals. ► domestic happening in or relating to your own country, not other countries: domestic issue: · The President's speech covered a range of foreign and domestic issues.domestic market (=when a company sells goods in the country where it is based): · Volkswagen produce cars both for the domestic market and for export.domestic flight (=within a country): · Security on domestic flights in the US has been stepped up considerably. ► internal: internal affairs/problems/matters things that concern a particular country - use this especially to say that foreign countries should not become involved in them: · Each country has the right to control its own internal affairs.· Western countries have been accused of interfering in Brazil's internal problems. ► at home events that happen at home happen within your own country and do not involve any other countries, used especially when you are comparing what is happening in your country with what is happening in foreign countries: · Sales of electrical goods have increased, both at home and abroad.· Shocked by the events at home, the president cut short his trip to Europe. belonging to, provided by, or involving a particular country► national · Alitalia is the national airline of Italy.· a national policy for energy· the National Museum of Film and Photography in Bradford ► federal controlled by or involving the central government, rather than the governments of the separate states that make up a large country: · Medicaid is a large federal health care program for the poor.· Several federal officials have been charged with corruption.· Most people want to see new federal gun laws introduced. happening in or involving a lot of countries► international · This is CNN, bringing you all the latest international news.· an international agreement on the disposal of toxic waste · The goal of the program is to increase international understanding and good will. ► multinational: multinational company/firm/corporation etc a big company that trades and employs people in several different countries: · The government is attempting to stimulate the economy by attracting multinational corporations.· Multinational companies have often been accused of employing cheap labour in developing countries. ► multilateral: multilateral agreement/treaty/negotiations etc involving or done by the governments of several different countries: · EU ministers proposed a multilateral agreement on arms control. the area away from towns and cities► the country · They've gone to the country for the weekend.in the country · Clarisa didn't care for New York, she wanted to live in the country.· We've found a lovely little cottage in the country.· Living in the country, you feel much closer to nature. ► countryside use this especially when you are talking about the beauty or good qualities of this kind of area: · Somerset is famous for its rolling hills and beautiful countryside.the countryside: · She went to an expensive girls' school situated deep in the heart of the countryside.countryside of: · The countryside of Tuscany is a wonderful landscape of fields and valleys, with many historic monuments.the French/Sussex/German etc countryside : · The Provençal countryside provided the inspiration for many artists. in or from the area away from towns or cities► country · It took us an hour to reach the farm house, driving along winding country roads.· Old country churches are a big tourist attraction.· Brattleboro offers all the pleasures of a small country town.· Umbria is a wonderful region where life is simple and the people are decent country folk. ► rural use this especially to talk about social problems or conditions that exist in the country: · a rural development program · There continues to be a shortage of jobs for young people in many rural areas.· The committee will investigate ways of recruiting doctors and nurses for rural communities.· At that time, much of rural Ireland was desperately poor. ► rustic use this especially to talk about things or people in the countryside that are interesting, attractive, or old-fashioned: rustic charm/beauty/simplicity: · American tourists are fascinated by the village's rustic charm.· The rustic beauty of the countryside attracted many prominent citizens to Marin County.rustic scene: · The picture showed a typical rustic scene. COLLOCATIONS FROM OTHER ENTRIES► the sea/mountain/country air Phrases· the salty smell of the sea air ► somebody’s place/country of birth· I wanted to find out my father’s place of birth. ► a country/town church· an attractive country church surrounded by trees ► a country club (=a sports and social club, usually in the countryside)· Ted was a member of an exclusive country club. ► what is the world/the country etc coming to? (=used to say that the world etc is in a bad situation) ► communist country a communist country ► a country cottage (=in the countryside)· A lot of people dream of living in a country cottage. ► a rural/country craft (=done in the countryside)· The museum contains exhibits of old rural crafts. ► desert country/land· Large parts of Oman are desert country. ► developed countries/nations► developing countries/nations aid to developing countries ► even in rich countries· Poverty exists even in rich countries. ► a far-off land/country/place etc visitors from a far-off land far-off galaxies ► fleeing ... country Masaari spent six months in prison before fleeing the country. ► Francophone countries/nations/communities► country gentleman an English country gentleman ► hill country (=a rural area where there are a lot of hills)· the rough hill country on the Welsh border ► host country/government/city etc the host city for the next Olympic Games ► hot countries people who live in hot countries (=where the weather is usually hot) ► industrial countries/nations/states a meeting of the world’s major industrial nations ► country lane a quiet country lane ► lead the country Some people say she is too old to lead the country (=be in charge of its government). ► leave a job/country/Spain etc Many missionaries were forced to leave the country. It seems that Tony has left the band for good (=permanently). ► a member state/country/nation (=a country that belongs to an international organization)· the member states of the European Union ► non-member state/country imports from non-member countries ► open countryside/country At weekends people want to leave the town for open countryside. ► at opposite ends of the country They work at opposite ends of the country (=a long distance apart), so only see each other at weekends. ► the country/place of origin (=the country or place where something is made or produced)· The rugs are somewhat cheaper in their country of origin. ► parts of the country· He sometimes went to visit friends in other parts of the country. ► a country road· He was driving along a quiet country road when a tyre suddenly burst. ► served ... country the women who served their country in the war ► cross-country/downhill skiing► Baroque-/Swedish-/country- etc style Cuban-style black beans and rice a Colonial-style house ► a subjugated people/nation/country► sweep the country/nation/state etc a wave of nationalism sweeping the country ► travel the world/country· They travelled the world together. ► the whole school/country/village etc (=all the people in a school, country etc) The whole town came out for the parade. PHRASES FROM OTHER ENTRIES► city/local/country boy 1belonging to or connected with the countryside SYN rural OPP urban: They much preferred country life to life in the city.2relating to country and western music: a country singer
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