criminal1 adjectivecriminal2 noun
criminalcrim‧i‧nal1 /ˈkrɪmɪnəl/ ●●● S3 W2 adjective 
WORD ORIGINcriminal1
Origin:
1400-1500 French criminel, from Late Latin criminalis, from Latin crimen; ➔ CRIMEEXAMPLES FROM OTHER DICTIONARIES
- Cruelty to animals is a criminal offence.
- Gleason denied any involvement in criminal activity and was released.
- Having such beautiful paintings and not letting the public see them is a criminal waste of the nation's art treasures.
- I think keeping animals locked up in cages is criminal.
- It's criminal to charge so much for popcorn at the movies!
- It was estimated that Walker had made around £100, 000 from his criminal activities.
- Lawyers are not allowed to comment on current criminal cases.
- the criminal justice system
- After she sued, Harvard said it would file criminal trespass charges against Garzilli if she sets foot in the department.
- Call has an interesting vision of the possibilities of criminal justice.
- I organized political protests, but also got two appointments from federal criminal courts.
- In Britain today we have different criminal laws and hence a different range of crime from those which once existed.
- The criminal case against Mr Sole is still pending.
- The reason, several people said, is that nobody saw a political benefit in further pursuit of criminal charges against Clinton.
- Unlike applications for interception in other criminal cases there was no procedure for judicial authorization in the case of security applications.
Longman Language Activatora situation that you think is wrong or immoral
· It's very bad that tons of food are going to waste while people are starving.· What's really bad is the way the government promises new housing and never provides it.
morally unacceptable, unfair, and against accepted ideas about what should be allowed to happen: · I was taught that abortion is wrong, even though it's not illegal.· It's wrong the way they treat that poor animal.
something that is disgusting makes people feel shocked and angry, because it is completely immoral, evil, or unfair: · The attitude toward immigrants and racial minorities in this country is disgusting.· It's disgusting the way politicians use their position to their personal advantage.
very immoral, unfair, or cruel, in a way that people think is unnecessary and unacceptable: · The state of the country's health system is scandalous.· a shocking waste of human life· The amount of money spent on nuclear weapons is shocking.· It's scandalous that a lawyer who holds a position of trust would be involved in this kind of embezzlement.
a situation that is outrageous is extremely bad and unfair in a way that makes people very angry: · I've always thought it outrageous that the poor have to pay for tax cuts for the rich.· The President accused the writer of an outrageous personal attack on his wife.
if you say something is a disgrace , you think it should not be allowed to happen, because it is very unfair or unkind: · The way they treat their workers is a disgrace.it's a disgrace (that): · It's a disgrace that the only hospital in the town has been closed.
you say that a situation is a crime or is a sin when you mean it is very bad, especially because it is not fair and could easily be prevented: · No one should be in such a bad way that they have to beg. It's a sin.· The condition of the inner cities in this country is nothing short of a crime.it's a crime/sin to do something: · Mrs Clark said it would be a sin to evict them just because they hadn't paid their rent.· It would be a crime not to take this opportunity to reconstruct our educational system.
a situation that is criminal is morally wrong, but not illegal: · I think keeping animals locked up in cages is criminal.· Having such beautiful paintings and not letting the public see them is a criminal waste of the nation's art treasures.
formal a situation that is deplorable is very bad, especially when it is unnecessary and could easily be prevented: · Something must be done about the deplorable state of our roads.· In addition to their harsh sentences, the prisoners have been exposed to deplorable prison conditions.
to do something that is a crime: commit a crime/offence/murder etc do something that is a crime, especially a serious or violent crime: · Brady committed a series of brutal murders.· Women commit far fewer crimes than men.· It now seems likely that Mason was sent to prison for an offence he never committed.
to do something that is illegal: · I didn't realize that I was breaking the law.· Hamer acknowledges that what he did was wrong, but denies breaking the law.· Should journalists ever break the law in order to get a story?
to get into a situation in which you are blamed or punished for doing something illegal: · Logue got into trouble for drug violations.get into trouble with: · When he was a teenager, Wayne got into a lot of trouble with the police.
to begin a way of life that involves crime: · He claims that when he could not find work, he was forced to turn to crime.· Kramer said that he turned to crime in a bid to pay off his debts.
if someone has a criminal record, they have been found guilty of a crime in the past, and this information is officially recorded by the police or the courts: · A background check confirmed that he had a criminal record.· Loman has a lengthy criminal record.
illegal forbidden by law: · Scott was arrested for being in possession of illegal drugs.· In those days, abortion was illegal.· Large numbers of illegal immigrants crossed the border at night.it is illegal (for somebody) to do something: · It is illegal to sell tobacco to children under 16.· Since 1990, it has been illegal for the US to develop or possess biological weapons.make something illegal: · Gorbachev wanted to make all strikes illegal, but the Soviet parliament refused to accept such a ban.
to be illegal: · Driving a car without insurance is against the law.it is against the law (for somebody) to do something: · In Britain, it's against the law to own a gun without having a licence.· Nowadays it is against the law for a teacher to hit a child in any circumstances.
if something is a crime it is illegal and you can be punished for it: · Violence in the home is a crime, just as much as violence from a stranger.it is a crime (for somebody) to do something: · It should not be a crime for people to criticize their own government.
illegal - use this especially about something that could be legal if the situation in which it was done was different: · The court ruled that the raid had been unlawful.· unlawful employment practicesunlawful arrest/killing/imprisonment etc (=the illegal arrest, killing etc of someone): · Anyone who has been the victim of unlawful arrest is entitled to compensation.
: criminal activities/behaviour/offence etc activities, behaviour etc that can be severely punished by law: · Cruelty to animals is a criminal offence.· It was estimated that Walker had made around £100,000 from his criminal activities.
illicit activities or goods are illegal and usually kept secret: · Illicit diamond exports are said to be worth over $200 million.· Marijuana remains the most commonly used illicit drug in the United States.
if a type of behaviour or an activity is against the rules , it is not allowed by the rules of an organization, game etc: · Smoking in the school building is strictly against the rules.it's against the rules to do something: · It's against the rules to touch the ball with your hand.
WORD SETSabet, verbaccusation, nounaccuse, verbaffray, nounarson, nounassault, nounassault and battery, nounbackhander, nounbattery, nounbigamy, nounblack market, nounblack marketeer, nounbreak-in, nounbreaking and entering, nouncaper, nouncapital, adjectivecarjacking, nouncat burglar, nouncontract, nouncosh, nouncounterfeit, adjectivecounterfeit, verbcover, nouncrack, verbcriminal, adjectivecriminal, nouncriminal law, nouncriminal record, nouncriminology, nouncrook, nounculpable, adjectiveculprit, noundefamation, noundefraud, verbdelinquency, noundelinquent, adjectivedelinquent, noundesperado, noundisorderly, adjectivedrug baron, noundrug runner, nounDUI, nounembezzle, verbexpropriate, verbextort, verbeyewitness, nounfelon, nounfelony, nounfence, nounfiddle, nounfiddle, verbfiddler, nounfilch, verbfinger, verbfire-raising, nounfirst offender, nounflash, verbflasher, nounforge, verbforger, nounforgery, nounfoul play, nounframe, verbframe-up, nounfratricide, nounfraud, nounfreebooter, noungang, noungang-bang, noungang rape, noungangster, nounGBH, noungenocide, noungetaway, noungodfather, noungrand larceny, noungrass, noungrievous bodily harm, nounheist, nounhijack, verbhijack, nounhijacking, nounhit, nounhit-and-run, adjectivehit man, nounincriminate, verbindecent assault, nounindecent exposure, nouninfanticide, nounjob, nounjoyriding, nounjuvenile delinquent, nounkidnap, verblarceny, nounlibel, nounlibel, verblibellous, adjectivelow life, nounmafioso, nounmalpractice, nounmanslaughter, nounmassacre, nounmassacre, verbmatricide, nounmisappropriate, verbmisconduct, nounmisdeed, nounmisdemeanour, nounmobster, nounmoll, nounmug, verbmugshot, nounmurder, nounmurder, verbmurderer, nounmurderess, nounmuscleman, nounnark, nounnefarious, adjectiveneighbourhood watch, nounnick, verbno-go area, nounoffence, nounoffend, verboffender, nounold lag, nounorganized crime, nounoutlaw, nounparricide, nounpatricide, nounpetty larceny, nounPhotofit, nounpiracy, nounplant, verbpoach, verbpoacher, nounpossession, nounprivateer, nounprotection, nounprowl, verbprowler, nounpublic nuisance, nounpull, verbpunk, nounpurloin, verbraid, nounram-raiding, nounrape, verbrape, nounrapist, nounravish, verbreceiver, nounreceiving, nounrecidivist, nounregicide, nounring, nounringleader, nounriotous, adjectiverob, verbrobber, nounrobbery, nounroll, verbrustler, nounscheme, nounscheme, verbshady, adjectiveshoplift, verbshoplifting, nounslander, nounsmuggle, verbsnout, nounspeeding, nounstabbing, nounstalking, nounstatutory offence, nounstatutory rape, nounsteal, verbstoolpigeon, nounsupergrass, nounsuspect, nounswag, nountheft, nounthief, nounthievish, adjectivetorch, verbtraffic, nountrafficker, nountriad, noununder-the-counter, adjectiveunderworld, nounundesirable, nounvagrancy, nounvandal, nounvandalism, nounvandalize, verbvice, nounvigilante, nounvillainy, nounviolate, verbviolation, nounwanted, adjective
COLLOCATIONS FROM THE ENTRY Meaning 1nouns
He already had a criminal record. a criminal investigation a book on the criminal justice system
· There was no evidence of any criminal activity.
(=a crime)· Cruelty to animals is a criminal offence.
· Is it possible that the tendency to criminal behaviour is inherited?
American English (=actions that are illegal)· The investigation cleared him of any criminal wrongdoing.
British English (=damaging someone's property illegally)· He was charged with criminal damage to his boss's car.
(=not taking enough care to protect people you are responsible for)· Charges of criminal negligence were brought against senior staff.
(=when a possible crime is investigated)· The FBI is conducting a criminal investigation into the bombing.
Meaning 2nouns· How effective is our criminal justice system?
· I’m more interested in criminal law than civil law.
(=an official accusation that someone has committed a crime)· He’s been arrested on a very serious criminal charge.
(=a record, kept by the police, of the crimes someone has committed)· It can be hard for someone with a criminal record to find work.
· The crown court usually deals with criminal cases.
· His year-long criminal trial ended in October.
(=actions to deal with criminals, such as charging people with crimes or bringing them to trial)· Criminal proceedings have been started against the officers connected with the events.
· The trial will take place in an international criminal court.
(=who deals with criminal cases)
COLLOCATIONS FROM OTHER ENTRIES· Starting the fire was a highly irresponsible criminal act.
· The bar was being used for illegal activities.
· There are many theories as to what causes criminal behaviour.
· It was the longest and most expensive criminal case in US history.
· The investigation resulted in criminal charges against three police officers.
(=relating to the punishment of criminals)· At that time the penal code allowed the death penalty.
· In some cases of bullying, pupils may be guilty of criminal conduct.
· His crimes were illegal possession of arms and criminal conspiracy.
· Jason already had a criminal conviction for theft.
(=for cases about crime)· Two French magistrates ruled that he should stand trial in a criminal court.
He already had a criminal record. (=caused by someone committing a crime)· The boy was charged with criminal damage after setting fire to his girlfriend’s house.
· He had links with drug smuggling and criminal gangs.
a criminal investigation a book on the criminal justice system (=laws concerning crimes)· Criminal law contains definitions of such crimes as murder, rape, and robbery.
· She is one of the country’s leading criminal lawyers.
(=responsiblity for injury or damage covered by criminal law)· A child under the age of ten cannot face criminal liability for its acts.
· It is a criminal offence to sell alcohol to someone under the age of 18.
· One of the businessmen is facing criminal proceedings.
· Failure to hand over the documents could result in criminal prosecution.
· How should we deal with young people who have criminal tendencies?
(=for cases involving a crime)· In a criminal trial, guilt has to be proven beyond reasonable doubt.
(=someone who behaves very cruelly in a war, in a way that is against international law)· the arrest of two suspected Nazi war criminals
COLLOCATIONS FROM THE CORPUSADVERB· Cicourel suggests that certain groups are selected, processed and labelled as criminal.· Even countries with broadly similar cultures can differ in what they define as criminal.· One important issue we have not considered is what happens to the individual once he or she is labelled as criminal.· Unlike most societies, the social profile of persons treated as criminal was not weighted towards the poor and otherwise disadvantaged.· Interactionism stresses the arbitrariness of this labelling of some one, or of some action, as criminal.· Faults which we might see as trivial would create the same scandal and outrage as criminal behaviour does in our society.· They reflect the fact that some groups in society can create laws, and can determine what behaviour is seen as criminal.· Of course, self-report studies have limitations, just as criminal statistics do.
NOUN· They chose to attract public attention and demonstrate contradictions in justice and the law by criminal acts.· I am ashamed to think that you believe me capable of such a shameful and criminal act.· A further difficulty is the impossibility of including all criminal acts in a questionnaire or interview.· The show uses video surveillance footage, interviews and re-enactments to focus on lamebrain criminal acts.· Which means that you witnessed a criminal act however willing she was.· The studies are being carried out with reference to explanations for criminal acts and educational outcomes and are being explored in an inter-group context.· Nevertheless, they do occur and occasional assaults and other criminal acts are committed.· The prosecution said the demonstrators had committed a criminal act.
· They had no powers in relation to criminal actions against the police and no powers of investigation.· Mr Caserta, who left Spectrum in 1994, is already the subject of a similar criminal action brought by federal prosecutors.· Many criminal actions appear to offer little threat to the capitalist class system.· What Clark needed was a criminal action.· The advantages of the postclassical approach apply wherever the motivations towards particular criminal actions are vastly more prevalent than the actions.· Section 1 gives absolute protection against any civil or criminal action to anyone publishing papers printed by order of Parliament.· The civil and criminal actions are inextricably entwined.· Guppy later told him to close the account because of worries about possible criminal action.
· It is the criminal activity surrounding the supply of illegal drugs that we should really worry about.· On the one hand, people in communities hard hit by criminal activity need to be protected.· Nor was he investigated on suspicion of criminal activity.· Thus recorded crime can only be seen as an indication of criminal activity.· These are corporations deliberately set up, taken over, or controlled for the explicit and sole purpose of executing criminal activity.· There may, for example, be changes in public opinion towards the police and the reporting of criminal activity.· Thomas had a mission, to destroy the missile and prevent the shapechanger from carrying out his criminal activities.· Older people spend less time out of the house, on the street where the bulk of criminal activity occurs.
· They chose to attract public attention and demonstrate contradictions in justice and the law by criminal acts.· The show uses video surveillance footage, interviews and re-enactments to focus on lamebrain criminal acts.· A further difficulty is the impossibility of including all criminal acts in a questionnaire or interview.· The studies are being carried out with reference to explanations for criminal acts and educational outcomes and are being explored in an inter-group context.· Nevertheless, they do occur and occasional assaults and other criminal acts are committed.· His views were dismissed by the government, which portrayed the riots as merely criminal acts.
· Thus, some policemen are urged by their tough-minded colleagues to treat marginal incidents as criminal behaviour and are encouraged into action.· He maintains that there is a link between characteristics such as extroversion and criminal behaviour.· Eysenck then argues that extroversion is the inherited basis of criminal behaviour.· Most laws against corporate criminal behaviour require that intention be proved before guilt can be established.· These involved marital, loss or separation, social relations or isolation, and criminal behaviour problems.· While such notions may all contains some elements of truth, they are by no means complete explanations of criminal behaviour.· Then, once located, the subjects have to be convinced that they can safely discuss their criminal behaviour.· Merton's model or theory does not adequately explain all types of criminal behaviour.
· A criminal case that resulted in four convictions at London's Southwark Crown Court last month illustrates why this reputation survives.· Yet even in the criminal case, modern juries are placed under the severest restraints by judges.· Ninety-eight percent of all criminal cases are heard in the latter courts.· But a judge dismissed the criminal case a few months later, because the statute of limitations had expired.· The criminal case against Mr Sole is still pending.· He did not testify in the criminal case.· An appeal to Athens against capital sentences in criminal cases was also imposed in some treaties.· Most criminal cases are therefore settled without trial by the process of plea bargaining between the prosecutor and the defense attorney.
· This publication contained detailed descriptions of persons who failed to appear at court to answer a criminal charge.· Ultimately, no criminal charges were ever filed against Gospel Missions or any of its officials.· He may now face the criminal charge of assault.· Gillece said he did not know whether the state will pursue criminal charges against Bailey.· If accepted by the jury, the allegations could lead to the first criminal charges against the industry relating to smuggling.· David Holton and Hughes already have entered into an agreement with the local state attorney to settle criminal charges.· During his detention, 153 criminal charges were brought against him.· The reason, several people said, is that nobody saw a political benefit in further pursuit of criminal charges against Clinton.
· Some of the doormen had criminal convictions and a history of violence.· Thirty-five criminal convictions and 18 civil judgments have been obtained since March 1995, and many more are expected.· The result: 11 criminal convictions.· For that $ 110 million, the taxpayers have gotten little in return in terms of lasting criminal convictions.· Last year, 114 cases with 236 victims and more than $ 18 million in estimated rip-offs led to 11 criminal convictions.· Another was Lloyd Carlo Douglas, whom prosecutors allowed to falsely testify that he had no criminal convictions.
· The functions of the judge were curtailed and his quasi-criminal jurisdiction transferred to a criminal court.· I organized political protests, but also got two appointments from federal criminal courts.· Thus he may decide that although the investigation discloses a criminal offence, no action should be taken in the criminal courts.· Since then, Pepper has focused his efforts on gaining a trial in criminal court.· Here are some of the most recent criminal court cases.· The answer is that a few big city criminal courts did become clogged with drug cases in the seventies and eighties.· A criminal court which admitted such a defence would never hear the end of it.· The dock of a criminal court was a long way from the line ups Guppy is used to.
· The 31-year-old man, suspected of causing criminal damage, had been arrested at Sheerness, Kent.· One might well ask how important the element of criminal damage is to the rationale of the aggravated offence.· The official was convicted of criminal damage for ramming the craft with a motorboat, then whacking it with a shovel.· He's admitted shoplifting, theft and criminal damage but denies two alleged assaults on police.· I was in a bad way at that time, I felt really depressed, so I went round causing criminal damage.· Are the miscreants aware that they are guilty of trespass and criminal damage?
· The island is also the traditional recruiting ground for criminal gangs along the Riviera.· Behind the glitzy shopping arcades, ethnic criminal gangs fight for territory.· Interestingly neither of these two people were sociologists, though sociologists have carried out participant studies amongst homosexuals and criminal gangs.· Mr Samra said both men were wanted for involvement with criminal gangs in Bombay.· The police have also taken on the football hooligans, the hippies, and the criminal gangs.· The reason for the affray is unclear, though a police spokesman played down any suggestion of feuding between criminal gangs.· Like all criminal gangs, Famlio specializes in profiting from human weaknesses such as pleasure, greed and fear.
· The court should have regard to the gravity of the offences under consideration and the offender's criminal history.· Knight has a lengthy criminal history and is currently being detained in a California prison.· At Stanford on Wednesday, a few scouts said they expected certain teams to look past Phillips' criminal history.· His criminal history was unknown to the Kanka family.
· Harlequin has a range of tailored data presentation applications such as Watson - for criminal investigations - and a crew rostering system.· If witnesses and suspects are interviewed by state workers and evidence is handled, a criminal investigation would be hampered.· There are also indications that the current criminal investigation into Barlow Clowes may prevent the most sensitive parts from being released.· Mirretti had pleaded guilty to fraud, bribery, theft and conspiracy to obstruct a criminal investigation.· This was counter-productive in alienating those sectors of the community whose co-operation was essential to criminal investigation.· The failure to order a criminal investigation drew immediate criticism from several policyholders' lawyers.· It is true that warrants to the police in criminal investigations may be renewed only for one month.· At first he was told that he was not the target of a criminal investigation.
· Read in studio A senior police officer has criticised the way the criminal justice system handles young offenders.· Violanti, a former state trooper, is a professor of criminal justice at Rochester Institute of Technology.· Why is there no such urgency about demonstrable, multiplying failures in the criminal justice system?· Several factors are involved in the process of black youth through the criminal justice system.· Lemert's concept of secondary deviance perhaps represented the most thorough resurrection of the criminological concern with the criminal justice system.· One could not maintain the criminal justice system otherwise.· His court was not only one of civil law but dealt sometimes with criminal justice.
· However, the criminal law is not fixed and static, it varies over time and from area to area.· If a teacher is charged with a violation of a criminal law, he or she will also need a lawyer.· Those offences which are considered are those most likely to be reviewed on a criminal law course.· None of the committee members in these crucial years specialized in criminal law or family law.· Juxtaposing criminal law and legal theory offers a number of intellectual enquiries.· In criminal law, heat of passion refers to a violent and uncontrollable rage.· It was argued in Chapter 2 that the criminal law ought to spread its net wider where the potential harm is greater.· As a starting point, crime is defined as actions which are contrary to criminal law.
· They are intimidating towards criminal lawyers.· Tom Nash was a ward leader and a prosperous criminal lawyer who defended Capone and other gangsters.· The scheme certainly helped me right at the beginning when I was starting up as a criminal lawyer.· L., or Abraham L., when he was a young criminal lawyer and a state senator.· Particularly challenging to the criminal lawyer is the role played by consent in the medical-legal context.· Consequently the complete criminal lawyer is no narrow expositor of black-letter legal rules and exhaustive conceptual analyses.· Like did she know a good criminal lawyer.
· The question of criminal liability can not be relegated to a matter of medical consensus.· The expressed intent of immunity legislation is to encourage reporting without fear of civil or criminal liability.· Statutes of 1859,1871 and 1875 were designed to relieve trade unions of criminal liability, especially for conspiracy.· One reason for this may be a desire to protect from criminal liability men whose conduct is not universally regarded as criminal.· Both civil and criminal liability are incurred by the corrupt giving or receiving of such commission.· So, keep detailed records of drivers of all company vehicles: otherwise this personal criminal liability may arise.· If a hotel receptionist double-books a room does this give rise to criminal liability?· Meeting the minimum requirements of safety legislation or standards is a complete defence to criminal liability.
· Its extraordinary jurisdiction in civil matters was compared with the extraordinary jurisdiction of the now defunct Star Chamber in criminal matters.· We will only use the evidence in relation to criminal matters.· Conveyancing, divorce, probate and criminal matters concerning adults were all in this category.· Not every person who presents himself as the duty solicitor is competent to handle criminal matters.
· Quicksons has since been cleared of criminal negligence, but the Masons are determined that Ryan is compensated for his injuries.· The accused, however, remains charged with criminal negligence causing bodily harm and the trial continues.· Pilot William Stewart was later fined £2,000 for criminal negligence.
· Eviction without a court order is a criminal offence.· Also, falsely describing goods can amount to a criminal offence under the Trades Description Act 1968.· It's not a criminal offence, is it, sending information to the police?· Failure to comply with this requirement is also a criminal offence.· Contravention of one of these orders is a criminal offence of the same type as those in the Trade Descriptions Act.· He warned Evans that they were both guilty of a criminal offence, and advised him to leave London.· Walking on a footpath has become a criminal offence, with fines of up to £5,000.· That is a statutory offence or, more bluntly put, a criminal offence.
· It was alleged that police officers over- reacted or committed breaches of discipline and even criminal offences.· Much depends on the social function of labelling criminal offences, and on the particular labels chosen.· There followed a succession of minor criminal offences, mostly against youngsters with whom he shared lodgings.· Will people admit to having committed criminal offences, even if they are guaranteed confidentiality?· Only those convicted of criminal offences and President Ibrahim Babangida himself remain banned from standing in the elections.· He says success is judged on the number of people we manage to charge with criminal offences.· Usually this didn't matter because the Parquet confined itself to criminal offences and there was no religious dimension involved.· It seems that the procedure, just outlined, for the creation of new criminal offences has fallen into disuse.
· Remedies for infringement are as for copyright but there are no criminal penalties for secondary infringements.· It also would increase criminal penalties for possession of methamphetamine-related chemicals or equipment with the intent to manufacture the drug.· However it only makes provision for criminal penalties, and not civil remedies.· The criminal penalties are also severe.· The enforcement method for the regulations was a criminal penalty.· He also proposes to toughen civil and criminal penalties for willful child labor violations.· There are criminal penalties, including fines and imprisonment, for violations.· It is arguable that the opportunity should have been taken to deal with this matter by way of criminal penalties.
· What it would require is a reassessment of certain aspects of our criminal procedure.· The police did not only employ the law of criminal procedure in their tactical battle against the striking miners.· On August 13 parliament passed an amendment to the code of criminal procedure restricting the rights of those remanded in custody.· Beccaria's blueprint called for clarity in the law and due process in criminal procedure combined with certainty and regularity of punishment.· Legislation was passed on tax, foreign investment, criminal procedure, maritime law and trade unions.
· There is no statutory limitation period for criminal proceedings such as those in the instant case.· Such cases could be met by adopting for civil cases a procedure similar to the Attorney-General's reference in criminal proceedings.· However it is quite proper to reject a request if the evidence is really being sought with a view to its use in criminal proceedings.· Supervision orders, but not care orders, may also be made in criminal proceedings and are then subject to different legal requirements.· However, with certain crimes, an affected member of the public may commence criminal proceedings.· He further held that in any event the public interest did not require the institution of criminal proceedings.· Dorset Police said its investigation into the tragedy would look at whether there were any grounds for criminal proceedings.· He becomes the subject of criminal proceedings.
· And, apart from extradition, States were unwilling for the most part to contemplate co-operation in criminal prosecutions.· Without access to specific facts a criminal prosecution may be totally frustrated.· This leaves criminal prosecution as the only viable option.· However, there are no reported cases of a criminal prosecution for failure to report a case of child abuse or neglect.· The fact that a parent is at risk of criminal prosecution for an offence against the child will not justify exclusion.· The President asked for opinions as to the likelihood of criminal prosecution of Poindexter and North.· Six parliamentary deputies faced criminal prosecution once their parliamentary immunity had been removed.· The couple held hands, the hearing officer remembered, and seemed intent on resolving the issue short of a criminal prosecution.
· Have their parents got any sort of criminal record?· McWilliams said a background check would have revealed little because the man had no criminal record.· Had William Day, a man with a long criminal record, just happened along inadvertently?· He has an extensive criminal record.· The jury were entitled to know the witness's criminal record.· The papers seemed to be more interested in trying to find out if I had a criminal record.· It is obviously important to know whether the car has been stolen or whether the driver has a criminal record.· Police said he had a history of mental illness and a criminal record that they would not disclose last night.
· To answer these questions people invariably turn to the official criminal statistics which are collected and published by the Home Office.· One traditionally impoverished group - women - have become more represented in this offence than elsewhere in criminal statistics.· It is a liberal questioning of criminal statistics collected and collated by the police themselves.· The rest of the extract then examines how changes in the style of policing and law enforcement affect criminal statistics.· But it finds agreement with more sober, weighty judgements on the period provided by various studies of the official criminal statistics.· The official criminal statistics present a picture of crime as being predominantly a working-class phenomenon.· Secondly, and linked with this point, criminal statistics reflect the intensity of law enforcement itself.
· Learning theories have been much more important in positivist theorising about the acquisition of criminal tendencies.
· The criminal trial system would be placed in jeopardy.· Charges against Louima were later dropped, and he testified about his ordeal in three criminal trials.· The extradition will add a further complication to the Guinness criminal trial.· He was judged innocent in his criminal trial.· It is well established that the judge in a criminal trial has power to call a witness.· That statement contradicts testimony at his criminal trial.· Apparently, they learned a lesson from the O. J. Simpson criminal trial by avoiding boring and time-consuming chronological presentations.· But what his involvement in a criminal trial of political and business associates says to the electorate at large is another matter.
PHRASES FROM OTHER ENTRIES► the teaching/scientific/criminal etc fraternity► hardened criminal/police officer etc
- Amongst them were pickpockets, alcoholics, pimps, drug peddlers and other petty criminals.
- Before they met me, Steve and Paul were just petty criminals, didn't know nothing about nothing.
- Habitual petty thieves and drug addicts dumped on top of their already bulging caseload become their newest clients.
- Most burglaries are the work of petty thieves on the look our for an easy opportunity.
- Over the years several have been the victim of petty criminals.
- The Home Secretary was not about to be seen as going soft on the petty criminal.
- In Phoenix any aggressive tendencies were dampened by the location of these agencies within a government structure that frowned on federal aid.
- Its sedative effects were valued, but sometimes progressed to pathological depression with suicidal tendencies, so its use was limited.
- Learning theories have been much more important in positivist theorising about the acquisition of criminal tendencies.
- Most probably, if had not been articulated in times of war these artistic tendencies would have simply been considered marginal.
- The Asiaticus does not appear to have any aggressive tendencies and appears to be equally active during the day and night.
- The rumbling row with the unions over ending the block vote is a classic example of its suicidal tendencies.
- Through a series of flashbacks, Judith's past is gradually explored, and you begin to take her suicidal tendencies seriously.
WORD FAMILYnouncrimecriminalcriminologistcriminologyadjectivecriminalincriminatingverbincriminatecriminalize ≠ decriminalizeadverbcriminally
1relating to crime: Experts cannot agree on the causes of criminal behaviour. I was sure he was involved in some kind of criminal activity. She has not committed a criminal offence (=a crime). He was arrested and charged with criminal damage (=damaging someone’s property illegally). The doctor was found guilty of criminal negligence (=not taking enough care to protect people you are responsible for).2relating to the part of the legal system that is concerned with crime: The case will be tried in a criminal court. We have no faith in the criminal justice system. The police are investigating the matter, and he may face criminal charges (=be officially accused of a crime). She usually deals with serious criminal cases. a criminal lawyer3wrong, dishonest, and unacceptable SYN wicked: It seems criminal that teachers are paid so little money.—criminally adverb: a hospital for the criminally insane—criminality /ˌkrɪməˈnæləti/ noun [uncountable]COLLOCATIONS– Meaning 1nounscriminal activity· There was no evidence of any criminal activity.a criminal offence/act (=a crime)· Cruelty to animals is a criminal offence.criminal behaviour· Is it possible that the tendency to criminal behaviour is inherited?criminal wrongdoing American English (=actions that are illegal)· The investigation cleared him of any criminal wrongdoing.criminal damage British English (=damaging someone's property illegally)· He was charged with criminal damage to his boss's car.criminal negligence (=not taking enough care to protect people you are responsible for)· Charges of criminal negligence were brought against senior staff.a criminal investigation (=when a possible crime is investigated)· The FBI is conducting a criminal investigation into the bombing.COLLOCATIONS– Meaning 2nounsthe criminal justice system· How effective is our criminal justice system?criminal law· I’m more interested in criminal law than civil law.a criminal charge (=an official accusation that someone has committed a crime)· He’s been arrested on a very serious criminal charge.a criminal record (=a record, kept by the police, of the crimes someone has committed)· It can be hard for someone with a criminal record to find work.a criminal case· The crown court usually deals with criminal cases.a criminal trial· His year-long criminal trial ended in October.criminal proceedings (=actions to deal with criminals, such as charging people with crimes or bringing them to trial)· Criminal proceedings have been started against the officers connected with the events.a criminal court· The trial will take place in an international criminal court.a criminal lawyer (=who deals with criminal cases)criminal1 adjectivecriminal2 noun
criminalcriminal2 ●●● W3 noun [countable] EXAMPLES FROM OTHER DICTIONARIES
- Grimes is considered to be one of the most dangerous criminals in the US.
- Sending children to adult prisons just means they learn to be 'better' criminals from the adult inmates.
- The British government maintains that Donavan is a common criminal who should be brought to justice.
- Besides, a successful professional criminal with a Legal Aid lawyer is like a billionaire collecting Social Security.
- He had never been inside a police station, had never met a private detective, had never spoken to a criminal.
- If the police arm themselves, the criminals will stay a step ahead by obtaining bigger and better weapons.
- It is alleged that criminals have targeted the smaller, idyllic islands.
- They liked him when he was disgusting and filthy and a criminal, and he acted it up.
- Unfortunately the innocents get hurt, never the criminals behind the scenes.
THESAURUS
someone who is involved in illegal activities or has been proved guilty of a crime. Criminal is used especially about someone who often does things that are illegal: · Criminals are stealing people's credit card details off the Internet.· He is one of the most wanted criminals in the United States.
someone who breaks the law: · The courts should impose tougher punishments on offenders.· a special prison for young offenders
informal a dishonest person, especially one who steals money and who you cannot trust: · Some politicians are crooks, but not all of them.· They're just a bunch of crooks.
law especially American English someone who has committed a serious crime: · Convicted felons should not be allowed to profit from their crimes.
the person who has done something wrong or illegal: · The culprits were never found.· If I ever catch the culprit, he or she is in big trouble.· The culprits were just six years old.
a young person who behaves badly and is likely to commit crimes – used especially in the phrase juvenile delinquent: · He later worked with juvenile delinquents in a Florida youth services program.
someone who helps a criminal to do something illegal: · Police believe the murderer must have had an accomplice.
different types of criminal someone who steals things: · Car thieves have been working in the area.· The thieves stole over £5,000 worth of jewellery.
someone who steals money or valuable things from a bank, shop etc – used especially when someone sees the person who is stealing: · a masked robber armed with a shotgun· They were the most successful bank robbers in US history.
someone who goes into people’s homes in order to steal: · The burglars broke in through a window.
someone who takes things from shops without paying for them: · The cameras have helped the store catch several shoplifters.
someone who steals things from people’s pockets, especially in a crowd: · A sign warned that pickpockets were active in the station.
someone who deceives people in order to get money or things: · Conmen tricked the woman into giving them her savings, as an ‘investment’.
someone who illegally copies official documents, money, artworks etc: · a forger who fooled museum curators
someone who illegally copies money, official documents, or goods: · Counterfeiters in Colombia are printing almost perfect dollar bills.
someone who illegally copies and sells another person’s work: · DVD pirates
someone who attacks and robs people in public places: · Muggers took his money and mobile phone.
someone who deliberately kills someone else: · His murderer was sentenced to life imprisonment.· the murderer of civil rights activist Medgar Evers· He is a mass murderer (=someone who kills a large number of people).
someone who kills several people, one after the other over a period of time, in a similar way: · Shipman was a trusted family doctor who became Britain's worst serial killer.
someone who forces someone else to have sex: · Some rapists drug their victims so that they become unconscious.
someone who is guilty of a crime related to sex: · Too many sex offenders are released from prison early.
someone who deliberately damages public property: · Vandals broke most of the school’s windows.
someone who deliberately sets fire to a building: · The warehouse fire may have been the work of an arsonist.
Longman Language Activatorsomeone who is guilty of a crime someone who is guilty of a serious crime or of several crimes: · Grimes is considered to be one of the most dangerous criminals in the US.· Sending children to adult prisons just means they learn to be 'better' criminals from the adult inmates.common criminal (=not someone who commits crimes for political reasons or because of their principles): · The British government maintains that Donavan is a common criminal who should be brought to justice.
someone who has broken the law and is punished for doing this: · The courts should impose tougher punishments on offenders.young offenderBritish /juvenile offender American (=under 18 years old): · The committee will investigate more effective ways of dealing with young offenders.
someone, especially a young person, who is guilty of criminal behaviour such as fighting or destroying things: · He blames most of the town's problems on local delinquents.juvenile delinquent (=one who is still a child): · More than half of all juvenile delinquents currently in state institutions have disturbed family backgrounds.
someone who does something illegal - used especially in newspapers or on television: · The penalties must be severe enough to deter lawbreakers.· Police say lawbreakers are encouraged by the slowness of the judicial system.
someone who is guilty of a serious crime - used especially in the legal system in the US: · Oakdale Prison holds over 600 dangerous felons.· Stevens said his plan would keep guns out of felons' hands.
someone who is wanted is being looked for by the police because they are thought to be guilty of a crime: wanted for: · Richards is wanted for the murder of a security guard at the City Bank in December of last year.most wanted man/criminal/fugitive etc: · The mass murderer known as the "Yorkshire Ripper" was for a long time the most wanted man in Britain.
WORD SETSabet, verbaccusation, nounaccuse, verbaffray, nounarson, nounassault, nounassault and battery, nounbackhander, nounbattery, nounbigamy, nounblack market, nounblack marketeer, nounbreak-in, nounbreaking and entering, nouncaper, nouncapital, adjectivecarjacking, nouncat burglar, nouncontract, nouncosh, nouncounterfeit, adjectivecounterfeit, verbcover, nouncrack, verbcriminal, adjectivecriminal, nouncriminal law, nouncriminal record, nouncriminology, nouncrook, nounculpable, adjectiveculprit, noundefamation, noundefraud, verbdelinquency, noundelinquent, adjectivedelinquent, noundesperado, noundisorderly, adjectivedrug baron, noundrug runner, nounDUI, nounembezzle, verbexpropriate, verbextort, verbeyewitness, nounfelon, nounfelony, nounfence, nounfiddle, nounfiddle, verbfiddler, nounfilch, verbfinger, verbfire-raising, nounfirst offender, nounflash, verbflasher, nounforge, verbforger, nounforgery, nounfoul play, nounframe, verbframe-up, nounfratricide, nounfraud, nounfreebooter, noungang, noungang-bang, noungang rape, noungangster, nounGBH, noungenocide, noungetaway, noungodfather, noungrand larceny, noungrass, noungrievous bodily harm, nounheist, nounhijack, verbhijack, nounhijacking, nounhit, nounhit-and-run, adjectivehit man, nounincriminate, verbindecent assault, nounindecent exposure, nouninfanticide, nounjob, nounjoyriding, nounjuvenile delinquent, nounkidnap, verblarceny, nounlibel, nounlibel, verblibellous, adjectivelow life, nounmafioso, nounmalpractice, nounmanslaughter, nounmassacre, nounmassacre, verbmatricide, nounmisappropriate, verbmisconduct, nounmisdeed, nounmisdemeanour, nounmobster, nounmoll, nounmug, verbmugshot, nounmurder, nounmurder, verbmurderer, nounmurderess, nounmuscleman, nounnark, nounnefarious, adjectiveneighbourhood watch, nounnick, verbno-go area, nounoffence, nounoffend, verboffender, nounold lag, nounorganized crime, nounoutlaw, nounparricide, nounpatricide, nounpetty larceny, nounPhotofit, nounpiracy, nounplant, verbpoach, verbpoacher, nounpossession, nounprivateer, nounprotection, nounprowl, verbprowler, nounpublic nuisance, nounpull, verbpunk, nounpurloin, verbraid, nounram-raiding, nounrape, verbrape, nounrapist, nounravish, verbreceiver, nounreceiving, nounrecidivist, nounregicide, nounring, nounringleader, nounriotous, adjectiverob, verbrobber, nounrobbery, nounroll, verbrustler, nounscheme, nounscheme, verbshady, adjectiveshoplift, verbshoplifting, nounslander, nounsmuggle, verbsnout, nounspeeding, nounstabbing, nounstalking, nounstatutory offence, nounstatutory rape, nounsteal, verbstoolpigeon, nounsupergrass, nounsuspect, nounswag, nountheft, nounthief, nounthievish, adjectivetorch, verbtraffic, nountrafficker, nountriad, noununder-the-counter, adjectiveunderworld, nounundesirable, nounvagrancy, nounvandal, nounvandalism, nounvandalize, verbvice, nounvigilante, nounvillainy, nounviolate, verbviolation, nounwanted, adjective
COLLOCATIONS FROM THE ENTRY a convicted criminal (=someone who has been found guilty of a crime) The new law will ensure that habitual criminals (=criminals who commit crimes repeatedly) receive tougher punishments than first-time offenders. Teenagers should not be sent to prison to mix with hardened criminals (=criminals who have committed and will continue to commit a lot of crimes).COLLOCATIONS FROM OTHER ENTRIES He already had a criminal record. a criminal investigation a book on the criminal justice system
a convicted criminal (=someone who has been found guilty of a crime) The new law will ensure that habitual criminals (=criminals who commit crimes repeatedly) receive tougher punishments than first-time offenders. Teenagers should not be sent to prison to mix with hardened criminals (=criminals who have committed and will continue to commit a lot of crimes).· Starting the fire was a highly irresponsible criminal act.
· The bar was being used for illegal activities.
· There are many theories as to what causes criminal behaviour.
· It was the longest and most expensive criminal case in US history.
· The investigation resulted in criminal charges against three police officers.
(=relating to the punishment of criminals)· At that time the penal code allowed the death penalty.
· In some cases of bullying, pupils may be guilty of criminal conduct.
· His crimes were illegal possession of arms and criminal conspiracy.
· Jason already had a criminal conviction for theft.
(=for cases about crime)· Two French magistrates ruled that he should stand trial in a criminal court.
He already had a criminal record. (=caused by someone committing a crime)· The boy was charged with criminal damage after setting fire to his girlfriend’s house.
· He had links with drug smuggling and criminal gangs.
a criminal investigation a book on the criminal justice system (=laws concerning crimes)· Criminal law contains definitions of such crimes as murder, rape, and robbery.
· She is one of the country’s leading criminal lawyers.
(=responsiblity for injury or damage covered by criminal law)· A child under the age of ten cannot face criminal liability for its acts.
· It is a criminal offence to sell alcohol to someone under the age of 18.
· One of the businessmen is facing criminal proceedings.
· Failure to hand over the documents could result in criminal prosecution.
· How should we deal with young people who have criminal tendencies?
(=for cases involving a crime)· In a criminal trial, guilt has to be proven beyond reasonable doubt.
(=someone who behaves very cruelly in a war, in a way that is against international law)· the arrest of two suspected Nazi war criminals
COLLOCATIONS FROM THE CORPUSADJECTIVE· In some cases homes were being run by convicted criminals.· Punishment of convicted war criminals is also problematic.· Many convicted white-collar criminals, being more literate, are more likely to write and sell their stories.
· Before they met me, Steve and Paul were just petty criminals, didn't know nothing about nothing.· Amongst them were pickpockets, alcoholics, pimps, drug peddlers and other petty criminals.· Over the years several have been the victim of petty criminals.
· This is the big stick treatment for violent criminals which is traditionally associated with an extreme Right-wing attitude.· President Clinton signed a law last year that requires states to make information on sexually violent criminals available to the public.
· New secure units to hold hardened young criminals would stop bail bandits in their tracks.· That is worrying enough, but we are talking about a category of young criminals up to the age of 21.
VERB· I also asked whether he would be giving his information to the police so that they could catch the criminals.
· But it's the right that has led this bitter crusade to doubly punish criminals.· When we fail to justly punish the criminal, the community sees justice aborted.
PHRASES FROM OTHER ENTRIES► the teaching/scientific/criminal etc fraternity► hardened criminal/police officer etc
- Amongst them were pickpockets, alcoholics, pimps, drug peddlers and other petty criminals.
- Before they met me, Steve and Paul were just petty criminals, didn't know nothing about nothing.
- Habitual petty thieves and drug addicts dumped on top of their already bulging caseload become their newest clients.
- Most burglaries are the work of petty thieves on the look our for an easy opportunity.
- Over the years several have been the victim of petty criminals.
- The Home Secretary was not about to be seen as going soft on the petty criminal.
- In Phoenix any aggressive tendencies were dampened by the location of these agencies within a government structure that frowned on federal aid.
- Its sedative effects were valued, but sometimes progressed to pathological depression with suicidal tendencies, so its use was limited.
- Learning theories have been much more important in positivist theorising about the acquisition of criminal tendencies.
- Most probably, if had not been articulated in times of war these artistic tendencies would have simply been considered marginal.
- The Asiaticus does not appear to have any aggressive tendencies and appears to be equally active during the day and night.
- The rumbling row with the unions over ending the block vote is a classic example of its suicidal tendencies.
- Through a series of flashbacks, Judith's past is gradually explored, and you begin to take her suicidal tendencies seriously.
WORD FAMILYnouncrimecriminalcriminologistcriminologyadjectivecriminalincriminatingverbincriminatecriminalize ≠ decriminalizeadverbcriminally
someone who is involved in illegal activities or has been proved guilty of a crime: Police have described the man as a violent and dangerous criminal. a convicted criminal (=someone who has been found guilty of a crime) The new law will ensure that habitual criminals (=criminals who commit crimes repeatedly) receive tougher punishments than first-time offenders. Teenagers should not be sent to prison to mix with hardened criminals (=criminals who have committed and will continue to commit a lot of crimes).THESAURUScriminal someone who is involved in illegal activities or has been proved guilty of a crime. Criminal is used especially about someone who often does things that are illegal: · Criminals are stealing people's credit card details off the Internet.· He is one of the most wanted criminals in the United States.offender someone who breaks the law: · The courts should impose tougher punishments on offenders.· a special prison for young offenderscrook informal a dishonest person, especially one who steals money and who you cannot trust: · Some politicians are crooks, but not all of them.· They're just a bunch of crooks.felon law especially American English someone who has committed a serious crime: · Convicted felons should not be allowed to profit from their crimes.the culprit the person who has done something wrong or illegal: · The culprits were never found.· If I ever catch the culprit, he or she is in big trouble.· The culprits were just six years old.delinquent a young person who behaves badly and is likely to commit crimes – used especially in the phrase juvenile delinquent: · He later worked with juvenile delinquents in a Florida youth services program.accomplice someone who helps a criminal to do something illegal: · Police believe the murderer must have had an accomplice.different types of criminalthief someone who steals things: · Car thieves have been working in the area.· The thieves stole over £5,000 worth of jewellery.robber someone who steals money or valuable things from a bank, shop etc – used especially when someone sees the person who is stealing: · a masked robber armed with a shotgun· They were the most successful bank robbers in US history.burglar someone who goes into people’s homes in order to steal: · The burglars broke in through a window.shoplifter someone who takes things from shops without paying for them: · The cameras have helped the store catch several shoplifters.pickpocket someone who steals things from people’s pockets, especially in a crowd: · A sign warned that pickpockets were active in the station.conman/fraudster someone who deceives people in order to get money or things: · Conmen tricked the woman into giving them her savings, as an ‘investment’.forger someone who illegally copies official documents, money, artworks etc: · a forger who fooled museum curatorscounterfeiter someone who illegally copies money, official documents, or goods: · Counterfeiters in Colombia are printing almost perfect dollar bills.pirate someone who illegally copies and sells another person’s work: · DVD piratesmugger someone who attacks and robs people in public places: · Muggers took his money and mobile phone.murderer someone who deliberately kills someone else: · His murderer was sentenced to life imprisonment.· the murderer of civil rights activist Medgar Evers· He is a mass murderer (=someone who kills a large number of people).serial killer someone who kills several people, one after the other over a period of time, in a similar way: · Shipman was a trusted family doctor who became Britain's worst serial killer.rapist someone who forces someone else to have sex: · Some rapists drug their victims so that they become unconscious.sex offender someone who is guilty of a crime related to sex: · Too many sex offenders are released from prison early.vandal someone who deliberately damages public property: · Vandals broke most of the school’s windows.arsonist someone who deliberately sets fire to a building: · The warehouse fire may have been the work of an arsonist.