英语词汇“custom”的英英意思、用法、释义、翻译、读音、例句、短语、词组-英语词典

单词

custom

释义

custom¹ nouncustom² adjective

customcus‧tom1 /ˈkʌstəm/ W3 noun

WORD ORIGINcustom1

Origin:

1100-1200 Old French custume, from Latin consuetudo, from consuescere ‘to make someone used to something’

EXAMPLES FROM OTHER DICTIONARIES

In those days it was the custom for farmers to give part of their crop to the lord of the manor.
It is the custom in Japan to take your shoes off when you go into someone's house.
It was his custom to attend Mass every Sunday.
Sadly, a lot of the old customs are now dying out.
The custom of sending birthday cards began in the 19th century.
The service was not very good, so I've decided to take my custom elsewhere.

EXAMPLES FROM THE CORPUS

After the death of Grandfather Palichuk, the custom arose of frequently leaving him at home.
He sat down gloomily behind his desk to await custom.
High customs tariffs and turnover taxes were introduced to prevent a large-scale inflow of consumer goods.
Is there a single frame or context of explanation which will unify the diversities of belief and custom?
It was in fact made without protest and in the ordinary course of customs business.
On the other hand, it was no great sum and Hope's custom had given him publicity.

THESAURUS► habit

something you do regularly, often without thinking about it: · Biting your nails is a bad habit.· I always go to the same supermarket, out of habit.

► mannerism

a way of speaking or a small movement of your face or body that is part of your usual behaviour: · Even her mannerisms are the same as her sister’s.

► custom

something that people in a particular society do because it is traditional or the accepted thing to do: · In Japan, it is the custom to take off your shoes when you enter a house.

► tradition

a belief, custom, or way of doing something that has existed for a long time: · The tradition of giving Easter eggs goes back hundreds of years.· In many countries, it’s a tradition for the bride to wear white.· It was a family tradition to go for a walk on Christmas Day.

► practice

something that people often do, especially as part of their work or daily life: · The hotel has ended the practice of leaving chocolates in guests’ rooms.

Longman Language Activatora tradition► tradition

a belief, custom, or way of doing something that has existed for a very long time in a particular country or among a particular group of people: · A lot of the old traditions are dying out.· Every village has its own traditions.tradition of: · The region has a tradition of winemaking which goes back to Roman times.tradition that: · It's still the tradition here that the eldest son inherits all the family's money and land.family tradition: · We always go for a long walk on Christmas morning - it's a family tradition.

► traditional

belonging to the traditions of a country or group of people - use this about music, food, clothes, customs etc: · A group of children will perform traditional dances.traditional African/French/English etc: · The dancers were wearing traditional African costume.· The restaurant offers a wide range of traditional French food.it is traditional to do something: · In the US it is traditional to dress up in costumes on Halloween.

► custom

a way of behaving that has existed for a long time among a group of people, and is considered normal or polite - use this especially to talk about other countries or other times: · Sadly, a lot of the old customs are now dying out.custom of: · The custom of sending birthday cards began in the 19th century.it is the custom (for somebody) to do something: · It is the custom in Japan to take your shoes off when you go into someone's house.· In those days it was the custom for farmers to give part of their crop to the lord of the manor.

► customary

something that is customary is considered normal or polite because it is the way it is usually done by a group of people: · The man at the hotel welcomed us with the customary greeting.it is customary (for somebody) to do something: · It is customary for the man to propose to the woman.

► institution

a custom, belief or way of doing something that has become established and accepted as part of normal life among a particular group of people: · Trading in ivory had become an institution in this part of Africa.institution of: · Church leaders are meeting this week to discuss ways of preserving the institution of marriage.

WORD SETS► Trade

after-sales service, agro-industry, nounarcade, nounB2B exchange, nounB2C, adjectivebakery, nounbar code, nounbargain, nounbarrier to trade, nounbarrow, nounbazaar, nounbid, nounbid, verbbidding, nounbid-rigging, nounboard of directors, nounBOL, bonded factory, bookshop, nounbookstall, nounbookstore, nounbook token, nounboom, nounboom, verbboot sale, nounboutique, nounboxed, adjectivebreakdown clause, B/S, business agent, business interruption insurance, business liability insurance, buyback, nounbuyer, nounbuying power, C&F, callback, nouncarrying charge, cash and carry, nouncash basis, nouncash desk, nouncash discount, nouncash generation, cash price, cash register, nouncasualty insurance, CFI, CFR, chain store, nounchamber of trade, nouncheckout, nounCIF, CIP, clearance sale, nounclosed-door policy, nounComdex, nouncommercial agent, common ownership, comparative advantage, competitive advantage, competitive strategy, completion date, concessionaire, nounconsign, verbconsignee, nounconsignment, nounconsignor, nounconsolidator, nounconsumer, nounconsumer confidence, nounconsumerism, nounconsumer society, nouncontinuous improvement, conversion rate, corn exchange, nouncorporate investment, cost, nouncost price, nouncreative brief, credit, nouncredit account, nouncredit control, credit note, nouncreditor turnover rate, nouncredit terms, credit voucher, nouncustom, nouncustomer, nouncustomer capital, cutover, nouncut-price, adjectivedealership, noundebit account, declaration insurance, deliverable, noundelivery date, delivery receipt, deputy chairman, dime store, noundirect investment, disability insurance, discount, noundiscounting, noundispenser, noundistribute, verbdistributive, adjectivedocket, noundocumentary credit, domestic investment, draft terms, draper, noundrive-in, noundrive-in store, -driven, suffixdrop-shipping, nounDutch auction, nounearnings, nounEFQM Excellence Model, electronic point of sale, embargo, verbemporium, nounescalator clause, escape clause, executive chairman, expiration date, export, nounexport, verbexport credit, exporter, nounexport insurance, extended credit, external competitiveness, EXW, factory shop, fair dealing, financial investment, first-tier supplier, flat, adjectiveflea market, nounfleet terms, florist, nounfor-profit, adjectivefree market, nounfree port, nounfreight, nounfreight, verbfront end, nounfutures market, noungift certificate, noungift token, noungift-wrap, verbgiveaway, nounglut, noungoodwill, noungrandfather clause, greengrocer, noungross margin, noungross national product, noungross profit, nounguaranteed price, halo effect, handle, verbhandling charge, nounhigh street, nounhome product, hookup, nounHP, nounindent, nounindirect sale, industrial estate, nouninstallment plan, nouninstalment, nounInternet Service Provider, inventory, nouninvestment goods, invoice, nouninvoice, verbjob order, kanban system, layaway, nounleasing, nounliability insurance, license, verbline, nounlist price, nounlong-term credit, loss leader, nounlot, nounlumberyard, nounmail order, nounmarkdown, nounmarket, nounmarket-driven, adjectivemarket economy, nounmarket forces, nounmarketing, nounmarket leader, nounmarket-led, adjectivemarket price, nounmarket research, nounmarket value, nounmark-up, nounmedium-term credit, mercantile, adjectivemerchandise, nounmerchandiser, nounmerchant, nounMNC, MNE, move, verbmultiple, nounmultiple store, nounoff, adverboffer, nounoff-the-shelf, adjectiveo.n.o., open, adjectiveopen, verbopening hours, nounorder, nounorder, verbOTC, out, adverboutbid, verboutpost, nounoutsell, verboverbid, verboverbook, verboversubscribed, adjectiveovertrade, verbown brand, adjectiveown label, adjectivepackage, verbpackage deal, nounpackager, nounpackaging, nounpacket, nounparade, nounpart exchange, nounpass-along, nounpass-through, nounpeddle, verbpedlar, nounperformance guarantee, perfumery, nounpetty cash, nounpitch, nounplaza, nounpoint of sale, nounprice, nounprice, verbprice fixing, nounprice-fixing, nounprice list, nounprice tag, nounprice war, nounprivate company, private investment, problem child, nounproducer, nounproduction control, profit, nounprofit margin, nounpro forma invoice, nounpro-forma invoice, property and liability insurance, proprietary, adjectivepunter, nounpurchase, verbpurchase, nounpurveyor, nounpyramid selling, nounquotation, nounrake-off, nounready-to-wear, adjectivereal estate, nounreceipt, nounrefund, verbregular, nounrelaunch, nounremnant, nounrent, verbrent, nounrental, nounreorder, verbresell, verbreserve, nounretail, nounretail, verbretail, adverbretailer, nounretailing, nounretail park, nounrevolving credit, sale, nounsales channel, sales slip, nounsecond-tier supplier, secured credit, self-service, adjectivesell-by date, nounseller, nounseller's market, nounselling, nounselling price, nounserve, verbservice, nounservice agreement, service bureau, nounsettlement date, sex shop, nounshelf life, nounship, verbshopfitting, nounshopping centre, nounshopping mall, nounshopping precinct, nounshop-soiled, adjectiveshopworn, adjectiveshort-term credit, showcase, nounshowroom, nounshrink-wrapped, adjectivesister company, soft sell, nounsolicit, verbsouk, nounspecial, nounSRP, stand, nounstand-alone, adjectivestaple, nounstartup, nounstationer, nounstock, nounstockist, nounstockroom, nounstocktaking, nounstoppage in transit, nounstore brand, nounstorefront, nounstreet price, strip mall, nounstructural analysis, supermarket, nounsuperstore, nounsurcharge, nounsurcharge, verbtake-up, nountakings, nountelesales, nountender, verbthrift shop, nounthroughput, nounticket, nounticket, verbtill, nountout, verbtrade discount, nountrade fair, nountrade-in, nountrademark, nountradename, nountrade name, nountrade price, nountrader, nountrade route, nountrade secret, nountradesman, nountrading estate, nountrading post, nountraffic, nountrafficker, nountrigger point, uneconomic, adjectiveunit price, noununsecured credit, upfront fee, wares, nounwarranty, nounwholesale, nounwholesale, adjectivewholesaler, nounwinding up, noun

COLLOCATIONS FROM THE ENTRYADJECTIVES/NOUN + custom► a local custom

· We were unfamiliar with the local customs.

► an old/ancient/age-old custom

· Here on the island, many of the old customs have survived.

► an established custom

· He had criticized some of the school’s established customs.

► a traditional custom

· The children learn about traditional customs, crafts, music, and dance.

► a social custom

· Our people do not want to imitate western social customs.

► a French/Greek etc custom

· The Spanish custom is to add the mother’s surname after the father’s.

► a tribal custom

· He spoke four African languages and knew most of the tribal customs.

► burial customs

(=things done when someone dies and is buried)· the diversity of burial customs in different parts of the world

verbs► follow/observe a custom

(=do something that is part of a custom)· Following a Chinese custom, Deng changed his given name to mark the occasion.

► respect a custom

· Strangers should respect the customs of the country they are in.

► a custom survives

(=continues to be followed)· The custom of slaughtering an animal to welcome guests still survives in some areas.

► a custom dies out/disappears

(=gradually stops being done)· Sometimes the streets are decorated with flower petals, although this custom is dying out.

COLLOCATIONS FROM OTHER ENTRIES► an age-old tradition/practice/custom etc

British English

age-old customs

► custom/tradition dictates something

· On the island, custom still dictates the roles of men and women.

► pitch for business/contracts/custom etc

Booksellers are keen to pitch for school business.

► tout for business/custom

British English (=look for customers)

Minicab drivers are not allowed to tout for business.

COLLOCATIONS FROM THE CORPUSADJECTIVE► ancient

· Killing has now become more of a sport, or an adherence to an ancient custom.· It too Superimposed itself on a whole series of ancient beliefs and customs.· And in the village of Marlott, following ancient custom, the young women gathered to dance every holiday.· Indubitable evidences of an ancient custom of ritual regicide have been found over a great portion of the globe.· She sounded really respectful and seemed to have the greatest reverence for that ancient custom.· According to ancient custom it would be possible for Sarah as wife to claim the child as her own.

► local

· The ideal scenarios is to buy duty free, and have it arrive untaxed by local customs.· One advantage the United States has is a large core of VietnameseAmericans capable of speaking the language and knowledgeable about local customs.· Imperials both, they did not follow the local custom of farming him out to a neighbour.· It is important that expatriates be fully aware of local customs and their effects on life style.· Before leaving for Brixton, Inspectors should brief their men on local customs and traditions.· Supreme Court judges often had little experience in Sri Lanka, and were unfamiliar with local customs and culture.· Still, better than Patrick Leigh Fermor, endless garbage about local customs, ravishing scenery, enchanting cranky locals.· He resolutely refused to conform to local customs and made not the slightest effort to understand the people.

► old

· The growth of industrialisation and Nonconformism resulted in the collapse of the old traditionally supported customs and public charities.· According to an old custom the reliquary of St Genevieve is never exposed without that of St Marcel.· That morning he'd revived an old custom.· I will tell you of my people and of their old customs.· Perhaps because it's an island old customs die hard here.· As is increasingly true everywhere, many of the old customs in Madeira are dying out.· It was an old world custom he adhered to.

► social

· For women, the social customs do not seem to permit such a clear distinction between work and leisure.· The myths and rites will be given different interpretations, different rational applications, different social customs to validate and enforce.· Land fragmentation, as a result of inheritance laws and social custom, compounds the widespread problem of small farm size.· In this paper we explicitly consider sociological factors, namely social custom, and the notion of individual commitment.· They had invented a new social custom but they had also annexed a significant part of the working-class experience.· It is social custom as well as genetics.· It also encompasses fashions of clothes and social custom.

► traditional

· Any culture, because it has to retain traditional customs and beliefs, has to be in a sense a conservative institution.· Secondly the traditional dances and customs of a particular country that can give local colour and atmosphere to a plot or theme.· At least Mandru did not expect his Ixmaritians to perform naked, as was the traditional custom.

NOUN► duty

· Mary restored the value of the customs duties.· At that time, all Andean Pact countries are expected to adopt zero customs duties on all imports from other members.· In particular, major tax breaks are planned, including removing customs duties on transport of works of art for exchange exhibitions.· It also announced that it was reducing customs duty on sales from such zones to the domestic market.· More dramatic still was the rise in customs duties.· The Lancastrian monarchy had depended heavily upon the customs duties for its normal revenue.· Taxes and customs duties were raised sharply, but were later scaled down after protests and because of fears of rising inflation.· New customs rates On July 1 new customs duties for Soviet citizens bringing goods into the country came into force.

► officer

· Working on what in effect was virgin territory for customs officers our crews produced fantastic results in the earlier days.· Lucinda works a version of her Kotex custom officer trick.· Some 4,000 police and customs officers took part and stolen cars, cash and weapons were also seized.· Here, a border guard and two customs officers, all in uniform, came aboard to inspect our documents.· A police officers' strike on May 21 was followed by similar action by firemen and customs officers.· As usual none of the customs officers was armed.· The customs officers run their eyes over us as if we weren't there.· The popular 48 year-old customs officer from Belfast, was found dead in his hotel room.

► official

· The customs officials take their jobs very seriously.· Stamping his passport, the customs official had revealed that he was also a registered opponent of the Hinkley C plan.

► union

· Until then, only the customs union had been completed.· The document on the formation of a customs union was not unanimously agreed.· States which did not consider a customs union to be necessary could conclude agreements with the customs union on a free-trade zone.

VERB► clear

· It landed in a land then untouched by Bergerac via Derbyshire and Birmingham to clear customs.

► follow

· Imperials both, they did not follow the local custom of farming him out to a neighbour.· Without following this Hindu custom, it would be difficult to get the girls married.· And in the village of Marlott, following ancient custom, the young women gathered to dance every holiday.· People often still follow the rather dangerous custom of jumping over these bonfires, especially on the feast of São João.

PHRASES FROM THE ENTRY► customs

All bags must be inspected by customs officers.

PHRASES FROM OTHER ENTRIES► clear (something through) customs

They were clear of Customs by 14.30 with twenty miles to go to Ramsgate.

► custom-made/custom-built/custom-designed etc► old habits/traditions/customs die hard

But old habits die hard, and Apple has shown a proclivity to chase market share while hand-wringing over shrinking gross margins.
It was probably unnecessary, she thought, but old habits died hard.
Perhaps because it's an island old customs die hard here.
Things were going well, but old habits die hard.
This is an area where old customs die hard.

► border/military/customs/police post

Administrative offices and on-campus police posts were damaged by stones and petrol bombs in three Tunis University faculties.
But yesterday at the Hendaye border post, near Bayonne, lorries were passing freely without any form of control.
Deng was made senior deputy premier and soon added party and military posts.
However, he formally accepted the appointment on April 7 after resigning his military posts.
In reality guerrilla action was largely indiscriminate with sporadic attacks on the occasional landlord, local official, or police post.
The border post formalities are quickly completed.
This commemorates the creation in 1829 of a political and military post to govern the islands.
When she first arrived, she had thought the place as orderly as a military post.

WORD FAMILYadjectivecustomarycustomcustomizableaccustomednouncustomcustomercustomsverbaccustomcustomizeadverbcustomarily

1[countable, uncountable] something that is done by people in a particular society because it is traditional → traditionlocal/ancient/French etc custom

The guide offers information on local customs.it is the custom (for somebody) to do something

It’s the custom for the bride’s father to pay for the wedding.the custom of doing something

The custom of naming women after flowers is becoming less common.► see thesaurus at habit2[singular] formal something that you usually do every day, or in a particular situation SYN habit:

He awoke early, as was his custom.3customs [plural] a)the place where your bags are checked for illegal goods when you go into a country → immigration:

She was stopped at customs and questioned.

It took ages to clear customs (=be allowed through customs) but then we were out of the airport quite quickly.

You won’t be able to take that through customs. b)the government department that checks goods coming into a country and collects any taxes on them:

customs officers

the US customs service4[uncountable] formal the practice of regularly using a particular shop or business:

an advertisement to attract more custom

Smaller shops lose a lot of custom when supermarkets open nearby.COLLOCATIONSADJECTIVES/NOUN + customa local custom· We were unfamiliar with the local customs.an old/ancient/age-old custom· Here on the island, many of the old customs have survived.an established custom· He had criticized some of the school’s established customs.a traditional custom· The children learn about traditional customs, crafts, music, and dance.a social custom· Our people do not want to imitate western social customs.a French/Greek etc custom· The Spanish custom is to add the mother’s surname after the father’s.a tribal custom· He spoke four African languages and knew most of the tribal customs.burial customs (=things done when someone dies and is buried)· the diversity of burial customs in different parts of the worldverbsfollow/observe a custom (=do something that is part of a custom)· Following a Chinese custom, Deng changed his given name to mark the occasion.respect a custom· Strangers should respect the customs of the country they are in.a custom survives (=continues to be followed)· The custom of slaughtering an animal to welcome guests still survives in some areas.a custom dies out/disappears (=gradually stops being done)· Sometimes the streets are decorated with flower petals, although this custom is dying out.