英语词汇“digestive”的英英意思、用法、释义、翻译、读音、例句、短语、词组-英语词典

EXAMPLES FROM THE CORPUS

As the churning mass swelled within him his resilient Goblin digestive system got to work on the over-abundance of raw material.
Because it dissolves easily in water, it is rapidly absorbed from the digestive tract and mixes easily with blood.
Is that Troy Aikman or a koala with lower digestive difficulties looking so uncomfortable on the Dallas sideline?
Miss Devenish, obviously used to these interruptions, offered Dougal another digestive biscuit.
The mouth and digestive system are remarkably well defended against bacteria and other disease-causing, agents.
The water acts as a solvent for the digestive enzymes secreted into the gut.
Their actual digestive system is that of a carnivore and so bamboo is an unlikely foodstuff to choose.
Theresa began to talk about moderation, and how too much laughing upset the digestive process, but that was funny too.

WORD SETS► Biology

aerobic, adjectiveafterbirth, nounalgae, nounalimentary canal, nounamber, nounameba, nounamino acid, nounamoeba, nounanaconda, nounanaerobic, adjectiveandrogynous, adjectiveantibody, nounantigen, nounantitoxin, nounappendage, nounarm, nounarmour, nounasexual, adjectiveassimilation, nounatrophy, verbaviary, nounbacteria, nounbacteriology, nounbarnacle, nounbile, nounbinocular vision, nounbio-, prefixbiochemistry, nounbiodegradable, adjectivebiodiversity, nounbiohazard, nounbiological, adjectivebiological clock, nounbiology, nounbiomass, nounbiome, nounbiosphere, nounblind, nounbrain, nounbreathe, verbbreed, verbbreed, nounbreeding, nounbristle, nounbulb, nouncapsule, nouncarbohydrate, nouncarbon dioxide, nouncarnivore, nouncell, nouncellular, adjectivecellulose, nouncentral nervous system, nouncervical, adjectivecholesterol, nounchromosome, nouncirculation, nouncirculatory, adjectiveclass, nounclone, nouncold-blooded, adjectiveconceive, verbconch, nounconnective tissue, nouncopulate, verbcoral reef, nouncornea, nouncoronary, adjectivecorpuscle, nouncortex, nouncortisone, nouncowrie, nouncrab, nouncrawfish, nouncrayfish, nouncreature, nouncross, verbcrossbreed, nounculture, nouncytoplasm, noundecay, verbdecay, noundecompose, verbdefecate, verbdenizen, noundextrose, noundiaphragm, noundigest, verbdigestion, noundigestive, adjectiveDNA, noundorsal, adjectivedry rot, nounduct, noundwarf, noundwarf, adjectiveecological, adjectiveecology, nounecosystem, nounegg, nounejaculate, verbembryo, nounembryonic, adjectiveenzyme, nounepidermis, nounevolution, nounevolutionary, adjectiveexcrement, nounexcrescence, nounexcrete, verbexcretion, nounexhale, verbexoskeleton, nounextinction, nounfaeces, nounfamily, nounfang, nounfat, nounfatty acid, nounfauna, nounfeces, nounfeed, verbfemale, adjectivefemale, nounferment, verbferment, nounfertile, adjectivefertility, nounfertilize, verbfission, nounflank, nounflatulence, nounflesh, nounfleshy, adjectiveflightless, adjectiveflora, nounfoetal, adjectivefoetus, nounfoliage, nounfossil, nounfreak, nounfreshwater, adjectivefructose, noungamete, nounganglion, noungene, noungene pool, noungenera, genetic, adjectivegenetic code, noungenetic engineering, noungenetic fingerprinting, noungenetics, noungenome, noungenus, noungestation, noungland, nounglandular, adjectiveglucose, noungluten, noungonad, noungrass snake, noungrow, verbgrowth, nounhabitat, nounhaemoglobin, nounhearing, nounheart, nounhemisphere, nounherbivore, nounhereditary, adjectiveheredity, nounhermaphrodite, nounhibernate, verbhistamine, nounhoming, adjectivehormone, nounhost, nounimpregnate, verbimpulse, nounincubate, verbindigenous, adjectiveinfected, adjectiveinfertile, adjectiveinfest, verbingest, verbinhale, verbinseminate, verbinsensate, adjectiveinsulin, nounintegument, nounintercourse, nouninterferon, nounintestine, nouninvertebrate, nouninvoluntary, adjectiveiris, nounjaw, nounjelly, nounkidney, nounkrill, nounlactate, verblactation, nounlactic acid, nounleech, nounleg, nounlesser, adjectivelichen, nounlife, nounlife cycle, nounlife form, nounligament, nounlimb, nounlimpet, nounlipid, nounliver, nounliving fossil, nounlocomotion, nounlymph, nounlymph node, nounmale, adjectivemale, nounmammal, nounmandible, nounmate, nounmate, verbmembrane, nounmetabolism, nounmetabolize, verbmetamorphosis, nounmicrobe, nounmicrobiology, nounmicroorganism, nounmicroscopic, adjectivemigrate, verbmigratory, adjectivemiscarriage, nounmolar, nounmorphology, nounmotor, adjectivemould, nounmouth, nounmucous membrane, nounmucus, nounmulticellular, adjectivemuscle, nounmuscular, adjectivemutant, nounmutate, verbmutation, nounnatural history, nounnatural selection, nounnature, nounneck, nounnectar, nounnerve, nounnervous, adjectivenervous system, nounneural, adjectiveneuro-, prefixneurology, nounnode, nounnose, nounnostril, nounnucleic acid, nounnucleus, nounnutrient, nounnutriment, nounoesophagus, nounoestrogen, nounolfactory, adjectiveoptic, adjectiveorgan, nounorganic, adjectiveorganic chemistry, nounorganism, nounorifice, nounossify, verbosteo-, prefixoutgrowth, nounova, ovary, nounoverwinter, verboviduct, nounoviparous, adjectiveovulate, verbovum, nounparasite, nounpathogen, nounpedigree, nounpelvic, adjectivepelvis, nounpenile, adjectivepenis, nounpepsin, nounperiod, nounperspiration, nounperspire, verbphotosynthesis, nounphylum, nounpigment, nounpigmentation, nounplankton, nounplasma, nounpollinate, verbpostnatal, adjectivepregnancy, nounpregnant, adjectivepremature, adjectiveprenatal, adjectiveproduct, nounproliferation, nounpropagate, verbprotein, nounprotoplasm, nounprotozoan, nounpuberty, nounpulmonary, adjectivepulp, nounpulsation, nounputrefy, verbputrid, adjectivered blood cell, nounregurgitate, verbrenal, adjectivereproduce, verbreproduction, nounreproductive, adjectiverespiration, nounrespiratory, adjectiverespire, verbretina, nounroot, nounrot, verbrot, nounruff, nounsac, nounsaliva, nounsalivary gland, nounsalivate, verbsaltwater, adjectivescale, nounscallop, nounscaly, adjectivesebaceous, adjectivesecrete, verbsecretion, nounsemen, nounsense organ, nounsensory, adjectiveserum, nounsex, nounsex, verbsexless, adjectivesexual intercourse, nounsheath, nounshell, nounsibling, nounskeletal, adjectiveskeleton, nounskin, nounskull, nounspasm, nounspasmodic, adjectivespecies, nounspecimen, nounsperm, nounspiderweb, nounspinal cord, nounspine, nounspineless, adjectivestarch, nounstem cell, nounstimulate, verbstimulus, nounstrain, nounsubject, nounsubspecies, nounsucker, nounsucrose, nounsweat, verbsweat, nounsweat gland, nounsymbiosis, nounsystemic, adjectivetail, nountaxonomy, nounteeth, testosterone, nountest-tube baby, nountissue, nountrachea, nountube, noununicellular, adjectiveurethra, nounuric, adjectiveurinate, verburine, nounvariety, nounvector, nounvein, nounvenom, nounvenomous, adjectiveventricle, nounvertebra, nounvertebrate, nounvivisection, nounwarm-blooded, adjectivewean, verbwildlife, nounwindpipe, nounyolk, noun

COLLOCATIONS FROM THE ENTRY► digestive system/organs/juices etc

COLLOCATIONS FROM OTHER ENTRIES► digestive organs

(=the stomach, intestines etc, used to digest food)· a disorder of the digestive organs

► somebody’s digestive/reproductive/nervous system

(=in someone’s body)· These vitamins are essential for a healthy nervous system.

COLLOCATIONS FROM THE CORPUSNOUN► biscuit

· Miss Devenish, obviously used to these interruptions, offered Dougal another digestive biscuit.

► disorder

· Stomach ulcers and other digestive disorders are rife and there is a high mortality rate amongst veal calves despite their brief lifetime.· This means that the horse won't get the full benefit from his feed and it may also lead to digestive disorders.

► enzyme

· The water acts as a solvent for the digestive enzymes secreted into the gut.· The release of the digestive enzymes leads to cell death.· This implies that the antibody is recognising an epitope that is cleaved by one of the digestive enzymes pepsin or trypsin.· The pancreas is vital for digesting food, because it produces digestive enzymes as well as the hormone insulin.· This, in turn, explodes to release a cocktail of digestive enzymes into the cell.

► juice

· Soon the mere noise of the bell would start their digestive juices running.· They crush their victim in their pincers, but feed by injecting digestive juices and sucking the prey dry.

► organ

· This model has been used to evaluate the effects of chronic hypergastrinaemia on digestive organs, including the pancreas.

► problem

· He acquired a lasting scientific interest in mucus, possibly augmented by digestive problems of his own.

► process

· A good diet helps the digestive processes.· Theresa began to talk about moderation, and how too much laughing upset the digestive process, but that was funny too.· Unfortunately, apart from the papers quoted above, little has been done to distinguish immature from adult digestive processes.· Coffee has been blamed for increasing the pulse rate and for interfering with the efficiency of the digestive process.· The latter are more slowly converted into blood sugar, mainly because of the digestive processes described in the previous chapter.· At the other end of the digestive process is the sewage question.· It was almost certainly going through the final stages of the digestive process.

► system

· Their actual digestive system is that of a carnivore and so bamboo is an unlikely foodstuff to choose.· His sandwich had turned to a rock in his digestive system.· As the churning mass swelled within him his resilient Goblin digestive system got to work on the over-abundance of raw material.· The mouth and digestive system are remarkably well defended against bacteria and other disease-causing, agents.· Your mouth becomes dry as your digestive system slows.· The carnivorous digestive system would be useless without the means of catching prey.· The little creatures have an endless appetite, and a digestive system that turns almost anything into perfect compost.· Olestra is just something that travels through your digestive system for the sake of the ride.

► tract

· But for all the insufficiency of Rheinberger's digestive tract, this is an enjoyable disc.· Because it dissolves easily in water, it is rapidly absorbed from the digestive tract and mixes easily with blood.· Or it could simply be activity in the digestive tract.· What seems to happen is that the calcium in your food combines with oxalic acid right in your digestive tract.· This is a cleansing agent of the digestive tract and it also aids digestion.· Dinosaurs also had a larger digestive tract that seemed to have co-evolved with the changes in Earth's flora and fauna.· Towards the end of his life he overdosed on dry adrenalin, and scorched his digestive tract.

PHRASES FROM OTHER ENTRIES► gastric/digestive juice(s)

A positive correlation was observed between the gastric juice ammonium and severity of gastritis.
Can gastric juice ascorbic acid secretion be restored by eradication of H pylori?
Peptic ulcers are produced by the self-destruction of the gut wall by pepsin and hydrochloric acid in gastric juice.
Soon the mere noise of the bell would start their digestive juices running.
The gastric juice was collected by gentle manual aspiration during 135 minutes.
The stomach is mostly empty-the whisky is lying in a shallow pool where it is now mixed with highly acidic gastric juices.
They crush their victim in their pincers, but feed by injecting digestive juices and sucking the prey dry.
This is expressed as concentration of tyrosine, and it occurs by dilution of the gastric juices by the food.

► the digestive/reproductive/urinary etc tract

Because it dissolves easily in water, it is rapidly absorbed from the digestive tract and mixes easily with blood.
It is rare, however, for the urinary tract to be affected.
Obstruction covered all mechanical obstruction to the urinary tract, excluding prostatic disease.
Or it could simply be activity in the digestive tract.
There may be much urging to urinate, smarting, stinging, burning along the urinary tract.
This can have devastating consequences, and may cause long-term damage to the urinary tract.
This is a cleansing agent of the digestive tract and it also aids digestion.

单词	digestive
释义	digestivedi‧ges‧tive /daɪˈdʒestɪv, də-/ adjective [only before noun] Examples EXAMPLES FROM THE CORPUS As the churning mass swelled within him his resilient Goblin digestive system got to work on the over-abundance of raw material. Because it dissolves easily in water, it is rapidly absorbed from the digestive tract and mixes easily with blood. Is that Troy Aikman or a koala with lower digestive difficulties looking so uncomfortable on the Dallas sideline? Miss Devenish, obviously used to these interruptions, offered Dougal another digestive biscuit. The mouth and digestive system are remarkably well defended against bacteria and other disease-causing, agents. The water acts as a solvent for the digestive enzymes secreted into the gut. Their actual digestive system is that of a carnivore and so bamboo is an unlikely foodstuff to choose. Theresa began to talk about moderation, and how too much laughing upset the digestive process, but that was funny too. word sets WORD SETS► Biology aerobic, adjectiveafterbirth, nounalgae, nounalimentary canal, nounamber, nounameba, nounamino acid, nounamoeba, nounanaconda, nounanaerobic, adjectiveandrogynous, adjectiveantibody, nounantigen, nounantitoxin, nounappendage, nounarm, nounarmour, nounasexual, adjectiveassimilation, nounatrophy, verbaviary, nounbacteria, nounbacteriology, nounbarnacle, nounbile, nounbinocular vision, nounbio-, prefixbiochemistry, nounbiodegradable, adjectivebiodiversity, nounbiohazard, nounbiological, adjectivebiological clock, nounbiology, nounbiomass, nounbiome, nounbiosphere, nounblind, nounbrain, nounbreathe, verbbreed, verbbreed, nounbreeding, nounbristle, nounbulb, nouncapsule, nouncarbohydrate, nouncarbon dioxide, nouncarnivore, nouncell, nouncellular, adjectivecellulose, nouncentral nervous system, nouncervical, adjectivecholesterol, nounchromosome, nouncirculation, nouncirculatory, adjectiveclass, nounclone, nouncold-blooded, adjectiveconceive, verbconch, nounconnective tissue, nouncopulate, verbcoral reef, nouncornea, nouncoronary, adjectivecorpuscle, nouncortex, nouncortisone, nouncowrie, nouncrab, nouncrawfish, nouncrayfish, nouncreature, nouncross, verbcrossbreed, nounculture, nouncytoplasm, noundecay, verbdecay, noundecompose, verbdefecate, verbdenizen, noundextrose, noundiaphragm, noundigest, verbdigestion, noundigestive, adjectiveDNA, noundorsal, adjectivedry rot, nounduct, noundwarf, noundwarf, adjectiveecological, adjectiveecology, nounecosystem, nounegg, nounejaculate, verbembryo, nounembryonic, adjectiveenzyme, nounepidermis, nounevolution, nounevolutionary, adjectiveexcrement, nounexcrescence, nounexcrete, verbexcretion, nounexhale, verbexoskeleton, nounextinction, nounfaeces, nounfamily, nounfang, nounfat, nounfatty acid, nounfauna, nounfeces, nounfeed, verbfemale, adjectivefemale, nounferment, verbferment, nounfertile, adjectivefertility, nounfertilize, verbfission, nounflank, nounflatulence, nounflesh, nounfleshy, adjectiveflightless, adjectiveflora, nounfoetal, adjectivefoetus, nounfoliage, nounfossil, nounfreak, nounfreshwater, adjectivefructose, noungamete, nounganglion, noungene, noungene pool, noungenera, genetic, adjectivegenetic code, noungenetic engineering, noungenetic fingerprinting, noungenetics, noungenome, noungenus, noungestation, noungland, nounglandular, adjectiveglucose, noungluten, noungonad, noungrass snake, noungrow, verbgrowth, nounhabitat, nounhaemoglobin, nounhearing, nounheart, nounhemisphere, nounherbivore, nounhereditary, adjectiveheredity, nounhermaphrodite, nounhibernate, verbhistamine, nounhoming, adjectivehormone, nounhost, nounimpregnate, verbimpulse, nounincubate, verbindigenous, adjectiveinfected, adjectiveinfertile, adjectiveinfest, verbingest, verbinhale, verbinseminate, verbinsensate, adjectiveinsulin, nounintegument, nounintercourse, nouninterferon, nounintestine, nouninvertebrate, nouninvoluntary, adjectiveiris, nounjaw, nounjelly, nounkidney, nounkrill, nounlactate, verblactation, nounlactic acid, nounleech, nounleg, nounlesser, adjectivelichen, nounlife, nounlife cycle, nounlife form, nounligament, nounlimb, nounlimpet, nounlipid, nounliver, nounliving fossil, nounlocomotion, nounlymph, nounlymph node, nounmale, adjectivemale, nounmammal, nounmandible, nounmate, nounmate, verbmembrane, nounmetabolism, nounmetabolize, verbmetamorphosis, nounmicrobe, nounmicrobiology, nounmicroorganism, nounmicroscopic, adjectivemigrate, verbmigratory, adjectivemiscarriage, nounmolar, nounmorphology, nounmotor, adjectivemould, nounmouth, nounmucous membrane, nounmucus, nounmulticellular, adjectivemuscle, nounmuscular, adjectivemutant, nounmutate, verbmutation, nounnatural history, nounnatural selection, nounnature, nounneck, nounnectar, nounnerve, nounnervous, adjectivenervous system, nounneural, adjectiveneuro-, prefixneurology, nounnode, nounnose, nounnostril, nounnucleic acid, nounnucleus, nounnutrient, nounnutriment, nounoesophagus, nounoestrogen, nounolfactory, adjectiveoptic, adjectiveorgan, nounorganic, adjectiveorganic chemistry, nounorganism, nounorifice, nounossify, verbosteo-, prefixoutgrowth, nounova, ovary, nounoverwinter, verboviduct, nounoviparous, adjectiveovulate, verbovum, nounparasite, nounpathogen, nounpedigree, nounpelvic, adjectivepelvis, nounpenile, adjectivepenis, nounpepsin, nounperiod, nounperspiration, nounperspire, verbphotosynthesis, nounphylum, nounpigment, nounpigmentation, nounplankton, nounplasma, nounpollinate, verbpostnatal, adjectivepregnancy, nounpregnant, adjectivepremature, adjectiveprenatal, adjectiveproduct, nounproliferation, nounpropagate, verbprotein, nounprotoplasm, nounprotozoan, nounpuberty, nounpulmonary, adjectivepulp, nounpulsation, nounputrefy, verbputrid, adjectivered blood cell, nounregurgitate, verbrenal, adjectivereproduce, verbreproduction, nounreproductive, adjectiverespiration, nounrespiratory, adjectiverespire, verbretina, nounroot, nounrot, verbrot, nounruff, nounsac, nounsaliva, nounsalivary gland, nounsalivate, verbsaltwater, adjectivescale, nounscallop, nounscaly, adjectivesebaceous, adjectivesecrete, verbsecretion, nounsemen, nounsense organ, nounsensory, adjectiveserum, nounsex, nounsex, verbsexless, adjectivesexual intercourse, nounsheath, nounshell, nounsibling, nounskeletal, adjectiveskeleton, nounskin, nounskull, nounspasm, nounspasmodic, adjectivespecies, nounspecimen, nounsperm, nounspiderweb, nounspinal cord, nounspine, nounspineless, adjectivestarch, nounstem cell, nounstimulate, verbstimulus, nounstrain, nounsubject, nounsubspecies, nounsucker, nounsucrose, nounsweat, verbsweat, nounsweat gland, nounsymbiosis, nounsystemic, adjectivetail, nountaxonomy, nounteeth, testosterone, nountest-tube baby, nountissue, nountrachea, nountube, noununicellular, adjectiveurethra, nounuric, adjectiveurinate, verburine, nounvariety, nounvector, nounvein, nounvenom, nounvenomous, adjectiveventricle, nounvertebra, nounvertebrate, nounvivisection, nounwarm-blooded, adjectivewean, verbwildlife, nounwindpipe, nounyolk, noun Collocations COLLOCATIONS FROM THE ENTRY► digestive system/organs/juices etc COLLOCATIONS FROM OTHER ENTRIES► digestive organs (=the stomach, intestines etc, used to digest food)· a disorder of the digestive organs ► somebody’s digestive/reproductive/nervous system (=in someone’s body)· These vitamins are essential for a healthy nervous system. COLLOCATIONS FROM THE CORPUSNOUN► biscuit · Miss Devenish, obviously used to these interruptions, offered Dougal another digestive biscuit. ► disorder · Stomach ulcers and other digestive disorders are rife and there is a high mortality rate amongst veal calves despite their brief lifetime.· This means that the horse won't get the full benefit from his feed and it may also lead to digestive disorders. ► enzyme · The water acts as a solvent for the digestive enzymes secreted into the gut.· The release of the digestive enzymes leads to cell death.· This implies that the antibody is recognising an epitope that is cleaved by one of the digestive enzymes pepsin or trypsin.· The pancreas is vital for digesting food, because it produces digestive enzymes as well as the hormone insulin.· This, in turn, explodes to release a cocktail of digestive enzymes into the cell. ► juice · Soon the mere noise of the bell would start their digestive juices running.· They crush their victim in their pincers, but feed by injecting digestive juices and sucking the prey dry. ► organ · This model has been used to evaluate the effects of chronic hypergastrinaemia on digestive organs, including the pancreas. ► problem · He acquired a lasting scientific interest in mucus, possibly augmented by digestive problems of his own. ► process · A good diet helps the digestive processes.· Theresa began to talk about moderation, and how too much laughing upset the digestive process, but that was funny too.· Unfortunately, apart from the papers quoted above, little has been done to distinguish immature from adult digestive processes.· Coffee has been blamed for increasing the pulse rate and for interfering with the efficiency of the digestive process.· The latter are more slowly converted into blood sugar, mainly because of the digestive processes described in the previous chapter.· At the other end of the digestive process is the sewage question.· It was almost certainly going through the final stages of the digestive process. ► system · Their actual digestive system is that of a carnivore and so bamboo is an unlikely foodstuff to choose.· His sandwich had turned to a rock in his digestive system.· As the churning mass swelled within him his resilient Goblin digestive system got to work on the over-abundance of raw material.· The mouth and digestive system are remarkably well defended against bacteria and other disease-causing, agents.· Your mouth becomes dry as your digestive system slows.· The carnivorous digestive system would be useless without the means of catching prey.· The little creatures have an endless appetite, and a digestive system that turns almost anything into perfect compost.· Olestra is just something that travels through your digestive system for the sake of the ride. ► tract · But for all the insufficiency of Rheinberger's digestive tract, this is an enjoyable disc.· Because it dissolves easily in water, it is rapidly absorbed from the digestive tract and mixes easily with blood.· Or it could simply be activity in the digestive tract.· What seems to happen is that the calcium in your food combines with oxalic acid right in your digestive tract.· This is a cleansing agent of the digestive tract and it also aids digestion.· Dinosaurs also had a larger digestive tract that seemed to have co-evolved with the changes in Earth's flora and fauna.· Towards the end of his life he overdosed on dry adrenalin, and scorched his digestive tract. Phrases PHRASES FROM OTHER ENTRIES► gastric/digestive juice(s) A positive correlation was observed between the gastric juice ammonium and severity of gastritis. Can gastric juice ascorbic acid secretion be restored by eradication of H pylori? Peptic ulcers are produced by the self-destruction of the gut wall by pepsin and hydrochloric acid in gastric juice. Soon the mere noise of the bell would start their digestive juices running. The gastric juice was collected by gentle manual aspiration during 135 minutes. The stomach is mostly empty-the whisky is lying in a shallow pool where it is now mixed with highly acidic gastric juices. They crush their victim in their pincers, but feed by injecting digestive juices and sucking the prey dry. This is expressed as concentration of tyrosine, and it occurs by dilution of the gastric juices by the food. ► the digestive/reproductive/urinary etc tract Because it dissolves easily in water, it is rapidly absorbed from the digestive tract and mixes easily with blood. It is rare, however, for the urinary tract to be affected. Obstruction covered all mechanical obstruction to the urinary tract, excluding prostatic disease. Or it could simply be activity in the digestive tract. There may be much urging to urinate, smarting, stinging, burning along the urinary tract. This can have devastating consequences, and may cause long-term damage to the urinary tract. This is a cleansing agent of the digestive tract and it also aids digestion. connected with the process of digestiondigestive system/organs/juices etc
随便看	wishful thinking wishing well wish list wishy-washy wisp wispy wisteria wistful wistfully wistfulness wit witch witchcraft witch-doctor Witches' Sabbath witch-hazel witch-hunt witching hour with withdraw withdrawal withdrawal symptoms withdrawn wither withered