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单词 duty
释义
dutydu‧ty /ˈdjuːti $ ˈduː-/ ●●● S2 W1 noun (plural duties) Entry menu
MENU FOR dutyduty1 something you must do2 work3 be on/off duty4 tax5 do duty as something
Word Origin
WORD ORIGINduty
Origin:
1200-1300 Anglo-French dueté, from Old French deu; ➔ DUE1
Examples
EXAMPLES FROM OTHER DICTIONARIES
  • And now I have a very pleasant duty to perform. I am going to present the prizes to the winning competitors.
  • clerical and secretarial duties
  • For the most part, there was not much to do, other than cleanup duty around the prison camp.
  • He recently completed a tour of duty in Seoul as assistant to the US ambassador there.
  • Part of a park ranger's official duties is to ensure public safety.
  • Teachers have a duty to ensure that students are not injured whilst they are in their care.
  • The customs duty on luxury cars went up last month.
  • You have to pay a duty on the value of goods worth over $500 that you bring into the country.
  • Your duties will also include answering the phone and typing letters.
EXAMPLES FROM THE CORPUS
  • As he got nearer to No. 22 he decided that Mrs Brocklebank had been neglecting her duties here as well.
  • Conversely, those to whom citizens accord deference have been characterized by having an in-bred sense of duty.
  • He became a navy pilot, fought his way back on duty.
  • However, unconsciously I must have been riddled with remorse for so neglecting my duties.
  • Most of them mix their part time police duties with a full day's work.
  • She didn't want to be the one to do that although she knew it was her duty.
  • So David had been on duty this morning, had he?
  • This proves expensive for the police, who receive no subsidy from soccer sources for officers on duty outside the stadium.
Thesaurus
THESAURUS
money that you must pay to the government, especially from the money you earn, or as an additional payment when you buy something: · How much income tax do you pay each month?· The Republicans promised to reduce taxes before the last election.· Consumers are angry that the tax on petrol has gone up yet again.
a tax you pay on something you buy: · The budget also sharply raised the duty on alcohol and tobacco.· customs duty (=tax you pay on goods you buy and bring into the country)
a tax on goods coming into a country or going out of a country, especially to protect a country’s industry from cheap goods from other countries: · the import tariffs on hi-tech equipment· The government’s tariff and trade policies came under fierce attack.
an extra amount of money that you have to pay the government, usually as a tax, often in order to encourage people not to use or do something: · A new levy on fuel inefficient vehicles has been proposed.
an amount of money that you have to pay in addition to the agreed or stated price of something: · British Airways will increase its fuel surcharge on all airline tickets from June 3.· When you get cash at some machines, you have to pay an ATM surcharge.
Longman Language Activatormoney that you pay to the government
money that you have to pay to the government, especially from the money you earn or as an additional payment when you buy something: · Although the tax on cigarettes has doubled in the past two years, sales are still going up.· proposals for an increase in taxes to pay for medical caretax on: · Consumers are angry that the tax on petrol has gone up yet again.cut/reduce tax: · The Republicans promised to reduce taxes before the last election.· The Chancellor said he would cut income tax by 2 pence in the pound.income tax (=tax that you pay according to how much money you earn): · He failed to report and pay income tax on a portion of his income.sales tax (=tax you pay on things that you buy): · Sales tax in the state is 8%.after tax (=after you have paid income tax): · I made over $600 a week, which was around $450 after tax.tax avoidance/evasion (=when someone tries to avoid paying tax, especially income tax): · He pleaded guilty to charges of fraud and tax evasion.
a tax you pay on something you buy, especially goods you have bought in another country: · You have to pay a duty on the value of goods worth over $500 that you bring into the country.customs duty: · The customs duty on luxury cars went up last month.
a tax on goods coming into a country or going out of a country: · The aim of the organization is to reduce tariffs and promote free trade.
someone who pays tax: · Are you a higher rate taxpayer, or do you pay the basic rate?taxpayers' money (=money the government gets from taxes): · This defence project is simply a waste of taxpayers' money.the taxpayer (=all the people in a country who pay tax): · Bonus payments to top officials cost the taxpayer millions of pounds each year.· Unemployment is up, and the poor old taxpayer has to foot the bill, as usual.· I think these bureaucrats have a jolly good time at the taxpayer's expense.
something that is your job or your duty to do
something that you have to do because it is your job or your duty, for example dealing with something or looking after someone: · The house is my responsibility, and I can't just let it fall apart.· Having children is a big responsibility and I'm not sure I'm ready for that yet.responsibility to do something: · It is a manager's responsibility to set clear expectations for his or her employees.take on a responsibility (=accept a responsibility): · I have a bad habit of taking on more responsibilities than I can handle.
spoken something that someone is responsible for doing: · I'm not doing the shopping - that's your job.· Agency employees must enforce regulations once they're approved. That's their job. it's somebody's job to do something: · It's my job to make sure all the guests are comfortable.
something that someone is officially, morally, or legally responsible for doing: · I don't give out parking tickets because I like to - it's my duty.it is somebody's duty to do something: · I think it's your duty to tell her what you know.· My duty as a police officer is to find out the facts and communicate them to the proper people.do your duty: · As the families wept openly, the prosecutor urged the jury to do its duty and convict Ballenger.
something difficult or worrying that you are responsible for: · Running the business on my own can be a burden at times.burden of doing something: · The minister has the burden of explaining why he must raise taxes.heavy burden (=a very difficult burden): · She has three children and heavy financial burdens at home.carry a burden (=have that responsibility): · Carrying the burdens of leadership is never an easy task.
when you should do something because it is your duty or is right
if you should do something, it is your duty to do it, or it is the best thing to do because it is right, fair, or honest: · I don't feel like working late tonight but I suppose I should.should do something: · I think you should tell her the truth.· You really should go see him while he's in the hospital.· Should we contact Joe's parents and tell them what's happened?should not/shouldn't do something: · You shouldn't talk to your father like that.should have done something (=it was the right thing to do, but someone did not do it): · They should have given you your money back.shouldn't have done something (=it was the wrong thing to do, but someone did it): · I'm sorry. I shouldn't have shouted at you.
use this to say that someone should do something because you think that it is right or that it is the best thing to do: · "Do you think we should tell him?'' "Well, we ought to really.''ought to to do something: · You ought to go to church more often.· Do you think we ought to call the police?· The Government ought to spend more on education.ought not to do something: · I think animals have rights, and we ought not to use them for experiments.
especially spoken use this to say that you think someone should do something because it would be the correct, polite, or fair thing to do: · I had better phone Alan and tell him I'm going to be late.· You'd better apologize to your mother for forgetting her birthday.had better not do something: · We'd better not tell anyone about this just yet.had better: · "Do you think we ought to tell Jane about the money?" "Yes, I think we'd better."
use this to say that someone should do something because there is a rule that says they should, because they have been told to do it, or because it is part of their job: · You're supposed to knock before you come in.· Put that cigarette out! You're not supposed to smoke in here.· What time are we supposed to meet?· I don't know why they're blaming him -- he only did what he was supposed to.
use this to say that people think someone should do something because of their position, age etc: · In many societies women are expected to stay at home.· The employees are well-paid but they're also expected to work long hours.
spoken use this to say that someone is responsible for doing something, because it is officially part of their job, or because they have agreed to do it: · It's my job to check that the equipment is in good working order.· I thought we'd agreed it was Mike's job to send out all the invitations.
spoken say this to emphasize that a particular person is responsible for doing something: · It's up to parents to teach their children the difference between right and wrong.it's up to somebody (=a particular person is responsible for making a decision): · I really don't think we should have to work on Saturday but it's not up to me.
use this to say that someone should do something because it is their legal or moral duty: · It is the judge's duty to give a fair summary of both sides of the case.· The government has a duty to provide education for every child.
a piece of work that you have to do
a specific piece of work that you have to do, often one that you are not paid for: · Repairing the roof -- that's going to be the biggest job.· Cleaning the car's one of my least favorite jobs.do a job: · Well, I must go now. I've lots of jobs to do around the house.do a good/nice/beautiful etc job (=do a job well): · I always take my car to York Street garage. They're expensive, but they do a good job.· Irene did a nice job on those clothes didn't she?get on with a job (=continue doing a job): · He didn't complain or criticize, he just got on with the job.odd jobs (=jobs of different kinds that are not regular): · He does odd jobs for people in his spare time.the job in/at hand (=the job you have to do at the moment): · Let's just concentrate on the job in hand, shall we?· She was upset, and found it difficult to keep her mind on the job at hand.
formal a piece of work that you have to do - use this especially about a difficult or unpleasant job, or about a specific part of your work: · One of the first tasks Eva set herself was learning the local language.impossible/difficult/arduous etc task: · The UN Peacekeeping Force faces an almost impossible task.· We knew what had to be done, but it wasn't an easy task.task of: · Recovery crews continued the grim task of retrieving bodies from the wreckage. face/begin/continue a task: · By 2001, we had begun the task of collecting the materials and information needed for the study.· This is one of the most difficult and complex tasks we face.perform a task/carry out a task: · Most of the workers did not have the skills required to perform the most basic tasks.· The massacre was never fully investigated because the police were incapable of carrying out the task.thankless task (=one that no one wants to do because they will get no satisfaction from it): · Who on earth would volunteer for such a thankless task?
a job that you have to do, either for your work or for yourself, especially things that you have to leave your office or house to do: · I'll pick the laundry up on Saturday -- I have some shopping to do anyway.· I've got some work to do this evening.
something that you have to do, especially something that involves writing or drawing and a lot of thinking: do/hand in/submit a piece of work: · Do you actually fail the year if you don't hand in a piece of work?· I've got a merit for every piece of work I've done.good/excellent etc piece of work: · I think this is a very fine piece of work and it deserves a first class mark.· Look at that piece of work and ask yourself the question -- 'Is this the best I can do?'
a piece of work that someone gives you to do, as part of your job or as part of your studies: · Bart's first assignment for the newspaper was to report on the French elections.· This is a really tough assignment, and I believe you're the only person who can handle it.finish/complete an assignment: · She stayed late to complete a class assignment.history/homework/school/military etc assignment: · Robin spent many lunch hours poring over her math assignments.· I eventually got a teaching assignment at Xibei.one-year/two week etc assignment: · 'I figure this will either make or break us,' Cheyne said of the 1-year assignment to get the camp up and running.
an unpleasant or boring job, especially one that you have to do regularly in your home: · Washing the kitchen floor was a daily chore, and it was the one I hated most.· When we opened the store, our ambition was to make shopping less of a chore, more of a pleasure.· When I got old enough I started to have chores around the house.do the/your chores (=do all the cleaning etc that needs doing in a home): · Michael, come on. Do your chores, bud.household chores (=chores in the home, such as cleaning or cooking): · Husbands should be prepared to do their share of the household chores.
a small job that you need to do or that someone has asked you to do, such as buying something, posting something, taking somebody to a place etc: do/run an errand (for somebody): · Before you disappear, I want you to do an errand for me.· Peter cleaned equipment, ran errands, answered the phone -- it was all routine.· I used to pick up her dry cleaning and run errands for her.
something that you have a responsibility to do, especially as a regular part of your job: · For the most part, there was not much to do, other than cleanup duty around the prison camp.· Part of a park ranger's official duties is to ensure public safety.· clerical and secretarial dutieshave a duty to do something formal: · Teachers have a duty to ensure that students are not injured whilst they are in their care.perform a duty: · And now I have a very pleasant duty to perform. I am going to present the prizes to the winning competitors.tour of duty (=a period of time that a soldier or other member of the armed forces spends in a particular place): · He recently completed a tour of duty in Seoul as assistant to the US ambassador there.
to be at the place where you work
to be doing your job at the place where you work, especially at a factory, office etc owned by your employer: · I'm afraid Fran's not here at the moment -- he's at work.· What time do you have to be at work?· I'll tell you, I wish I had these DAT machines at work.
to be at work in a job where there must always be someone working, for example if you are a nurse or a police officer: · You can't drink while you're on duty.on duty 24 hours/from 6.00 p.m./on Mondays etc: · I'm on duty from 8 a.m. on Monday till 12 midday on Thursday.· We're on duty tonight at half past ten.
if someone goes somewhere on business , they go somewhere as part of their job, especially to another city or country: · She drives to Tijuana several times a month on business.· The family was living in the Palace Hotel in Japan because my father was there on business.· Do you travel abroad on business more than three times a year?be away on business: · With her husband frequently away on business, Berenice turns to a close friend for help and support.
if someone such as a doctor, lawyer, or engineer is on call , they can be telephoned and will work if they are needed: · Doctor Lalor won't be at the surgery this afternoon, but she's on call until midnight.· If the machine breaks down at any time, there's always a technician on call.· Construction managers must be on call to deal with emergencies. be on call 24 hours a day/3 days a week etc: · Resident managers live in hotels and are on call 24 hours a day.
work that someone does as part of their job
the things that you have to do in your job, which need time and effort: · What kind of work are you looking for?· He liked the work, and he was good at it too.do some/more etc work: · Scott's doing some work for me at the moment, as it happens.· I didn't get much work done today.· Being in the police isn't all action. Administration is a large part of the work we do.personnel/secretarial/bar etc work: · Have you ever done bar work before?· He's doing construction work these days.· It's clerical work mainly -- pretty boring.voluntary/charity work (=work that you do not get paid for): · She does two afternoons voluntary work at the playgroup. · Are you still involved in charity work?extra/more/additional work: · The last thing I want is extra work.
work that you do in your job, especially work that involves buying and selling, travelling to different places, or discussing things such as contracts with people: · I was in London last month because I had some business there.· Gerald left, saying he had some important business to attend to.· Some insurance companies offer lower rates for drivers who do not use their cars for business.· "Is this trip for business or pleasure?" "Business, I'm afraid."do business: · The paper claims to provide proof that some drug lords are doing business from their jail cells.business trip/meeting/traveller etc: · "Where's Michael?" "He's at a business meeting."· This is strictly a business trip.· Our main market is the business traveler looking for cheap overnight accommodation. on business (=for business, not pleasure): · I have to go to Tokyo next month on business.
the various things that you have to do as part of your job - used especially in contracts or other official documents: somebody's duties: · In addition to secretarial and general office work, your duties will include providing the directors with refreshments.· As soon as she returned home from her honeymoon, she resumed her medical duties at the clinic.go about/perform/fulfil duties: · A teacher can be dismissed for not performing his or her contractual duties.· She is a member of staff, and like all of us, she has duties to fulfil.· I admired him, especially because of the way he went about his duties efficiently.suspend somebody/relieve somebody from duties (=to stop them doing their job for a period of time): · Three instructors have been suspended from duties while sexual harassment charges are investigated.· Nine officers were relieved of their duties after McDuffie's death.
WORD SETS
ad valorem tax, allowance, nounanti-dumping, adjectivebasic rate, bonded factory, bonded warehouse, nounbusiness gift, cabinet bid, capital allowance, capital gain, capital gains tax, nouncapital levy, nouncapitation, nouncarryback, nouncarryforward, nouncar tax, nouncash shell, nouncertificate of tax deducted, nounCGT, chargeable, adjectiveCTT, death duties, noundeclare, verbdeficiency notice, delinquent tax certificate, depreciable life, direct tax, noundutiable, adjectiveduty, nounduty-free, adjectiveduty-free, nounenrolled agent, estate tax, nounexcise, nounexemption, nounfiscal year, nounflat-rate, adjectivefree pay, imputed value, income tax, nounincome tax deduction, indirect tax, nouninheritance tax, nouninspector of taxes, nounInternal Revenue Service, nouninvestment tax credit, levy, verblevy, nounmarginal rate, net income, net interest, NIC, nounovertax, verbpay and file, nounpayroll tax, nounpersonal allowance, nounpoll tax, nounpollution credit, port of registry, progressive tax, nounratable, adjectiveratepayer, nounrebate, nounregressive tax, nounrepayment supplement, return, nounrevenue, nounsales tax, nounshell company, short-term gain, stamp, nounstamp duty, nounstandard deduction, surtax, nountariff, nountaxable income, taxation, nountax avoidance, nountax bracket, nountax break, nountax credit, tax-deductible, adjectivetax-deferred, adjectivetax disc, nountax dodge, nountax evasion, nountax exempt, adjectivetax-exempt income, tax exile, nountax haven, nountax inspector, nountaxman, nountaxpayer, nountax relief, nountax return, nountax shelter, nountax year, nountithe, noununderreport, verbunreported income, user fee, nounvalue-added tax, nounVAT, nounwithholding tax, nounzero-rated, adjective
Collocations
COLLOCATIONS FROM THE ENTRY Meaning 1verbs
· Parents have a duty to make sure that their children receive an education.
· I felt I had done my duty by voting.
British English, fulfill your duty American English formal (=do what is needed)· The school has failed to fulfil its legal duty towards students.
· A tenant owes a duty to the landlord to keep the house in reasonable condition.
(=not do something that you should do)· I would be failing in my duty if I didn't warn you of the dangers.
adjectives
· She felt it was her moral duty to treat everyone equally.
· Employers have a legal duty to ensure the safety of their workforce.
(=required by law)· Local authorities have a statutory duty to ensure that parks are clean.
(=relating to the people of a country)· The media has a public duty to report the truth.
(=done because you live in a place)· It is your civic duty to vote.
phrases
· He was caring for his parents out of a sense of duty rather than love.
formal (=have a duty to do something)· Soldiers are here to do a job and are duty-bound to complete it.
 Meaning 2verbs
(also perform/discharge your duties formal) (=do your job)· She has always carried out her duties efficiently.
(=start doing a new job)· Neale has agreed a three-year contract and takes up his duties on March 1.
(=start doing your job again)· She hopes to be well enough to resume her duties next week.
(=arrive and be ready to start work)· You must report for duty at 8:30 tomorrow morning.
(=not do your job properly)· No soldier can be allowed to neglect his duties.
ADJECTIVES/NOUN + duty
· The new president will take up his official duties next month.
(=duties that go with being a president, member of a royal family, a minister etc)· The prince is now old enough to carry out royal duties.
(=jobs you have to do around the house)· My husband and I share most of the household duties.
(=not involving hard physical work)· He'd been wounded, sent home and put on light duties.
(=job of guarding a place)· There were two soldiers on guard duty outside the embassy.
phrases
(=failing to do your job properly)· Six police officers were fired for neglect of duty.
(=period of working in another country as a soldier, government officer etc)· He became a General, and his tours of duty included Korea and Vietnam.
(=more than you have to do as part of your job)· She's a doctor who has gone beyond the call of duty in her care for her patients.
(=while doing your job, especially for your country)· Stewart received a medal for outstanding bravery in the course of duty.
COLLOCATIONS FROM OTHER ENTRIES
 the administrative costs of health care systems an administrative assistant staff who provide technical and administrative support to the college
 A son is duty bound to look after his mother.
· She carried out her duties very efficiently.
· She carried out her duties very efficiently.
 It is your civic duty to vote in the local elections.
 the soldier’s courage and devotion to duty
 The trustees failed to discharge their duties properly.
(=the money paid as excise) excise duty on tobacco
 The government are failing in their duty to protect people.
 tax-free earnings an opportunity to buy duty-free goods
 A good police officer is not fulfilling his role if he neglects this vital aspect.
 People are wondering if they will ever see the fulfillment of the government’s campaign pledges.
(=that you do not pay tax on when you bring them into a country)· What is the permitted amount of duty-free goods?
· The US imposed huge import duties on products from Europe.
(=something you must do for moral reasons)· If you have a pet, you have a moral obligation to take care of it.
(=the things someone does as part of their job or position)· the royal family's official duties.
· What skills do you need to perform this task?
 He’s on picket duty tonight.
 All soldiers were required to report for duty (=arrive and be ready for work) on Friday.
(=a feeling that you must do something because it is right)· Parents try to give their children a sense of responsibility.
 parents who shirk their responsibilities towards their children
 The headteacher takes up her duties in August.
(=do things as part of your job)· I’m rarely asked to undertake teaching duties these days.
COLLOCATIONS FROM THE CORPUSADJECTIVE
· Scores of existing officers will be released for active duty by the creation of a police civil service.· About 10 were interviewed, and nine remain on active duty.· On Capitol Hill the number of policemen on active duty was doubled.· He is the first commander-in-chief without active duty military experience since Franklin D.. Roosevelt.· During its time in Oxfordshire it's seen active duty most recently in the Gulf War.· He was an active-duty Marine for 21 years and was in the Reserves for 11 years.· Lawyers said a general on active duty, Herna n Rami rez, was also indicted.· They retired from active duty early in 1942.
· The Council also had powers as a criminal court in matters arising out of its administrative duties.· Mead was bumped off major cases and firm committees, then given only administrative duties, the lawsuit alleges.· By contrast a municipal corporation was a public governmental authority with administrative duties owed to all the inhabitants of its area.· Precontest administrative duties were shared by several county superintendents in pre tion for the state spelling bee.· She performed her share of administrative duties efficiently.· The Department of Public Instruction provided a guideline of administrative duties, advice and judges for the state meet.· This must be seen as a specialist task, on a par with other administrative duties and research commitments.· Other clerical and administrative duties as required by the Acquisitions Librarian and the Chief Librarian.
· Well, that's my civic duty done.· You have to work, perform your civic duty.· If banks choose not to be tempted in this way then an appeal to their civic duty is misplaced.· And the couple are now taking an early-break break from their civic duties to patch up their differences.
· Secondly, control through the imposition of this fiduciary duty operates in an asymmetrical fashion.· The suit against Western accused the firm of negligence and breach of fiduciary duty at the thrift.· This they had failed to do, and, as a result, damages were awarded for breach of fiduciary duty.· Pension funds have a fiduciary duty to their clients, not to the rest of the market.· It was in the nineteenth century that fiduciary duties were extended to company directors.· The extent to which fiduciary duties are modified will depend on what precisely is disclosed and to what the beneficiary has consented.· They would also risk breach of their fiduciary duties to act in the best interests of the company rather than in their own.· Today, the better view would appear to be that directors owe shareholders fiduciary duties in special circumstances.
· Note that there is a general duty to provide family centres for all children and not just children in need.· The historical origins of the rule that there is no general duty to provide reasons are obscure.· This was in my earlier days when carrying out general duties ashore.· As in other situations, the general duty not to act arbitrarily or capriciously will apply.· In the case of exchanges it usually translates into a general contractual duty to act fairly.· On the one hand, it reinforces the argument that officials should have a general duty to provide reasons for decisions.· This is a general duty to make sure that there are sufficient day care facilities available within the area.· And the unit's highly-trained staff were on general duties in the hospital.
· Perhaps the most impressive beast of all, is the Current Trends Lion with a heavy duty bicycle chain for its mane.· Cut four sheets of heavy duty aluminum foil into 8-inch squares.· Soon came the freezer bag, the heavy duty bag, the sandwich bag and the Hefty Bag.· These benefits have been realised despite heavy excise duty discrimination against spirits in favour of beers and wines, both at home and abroad.· They were all into loon pants or being heavy duty skinheads.· Many won't, but some have heavy duty machine.· The heavy duty generators, ex-Army mobile field units, roared into life when Lawton cranked the handle.
· Appointed, in theory, by shareholders, they have a legal duty to report managers' wrongdoings.· To be more free of legal duties, he concentrated on his skills as a tailor.· As Chapter 3 will discuss, the legal duties imposed on management are directed towards shareholder benefit.· The school board has the same legal duty to bargain in good faith as the union does.· A legal duty should in civil law be the counterpart of a legal right.· Carmen claimed he and his group owed no legal duty to Roy Peck-that was their defense, in part.· This paper is devoted primarily to harmonization of legal rights and duties arising under international transactions.· Citizens thus had a legal duty to reveal felonies known to them.
· The duty to compensate the defamed person is itself a moral duty.· Though not under a legal liability to maintain his illegitimate child, the father is under a moral duty to do so.· One person might consider it his moral duty to fight and another to desist from fighting.· No violation of moral duty is involved.· And the same may be said of most other merely moral duties.· It manipulates the environment, and it is able to enforce moral duties on those who are inclined to disregard them.· In their view serving the state was the highest moral duty and no state had external obligations.
· My first official duty was to help launch the Water 4 Life campaign.· Most of his official duties had entailed preparations for the annual fish fry.· Moreover, 87% think that the Royals should be protected from photographers when not on official duty.· The privileges are supposed to cover mail sent as part of official duties.· What characterises bureaucracy is the rational and systematic way in which official duties are defined and distributed.· Thus school officials are protected for good-faith actions taken to fulfill their official duties.· It was Potrovsky's first day of official duty.· Most senators complain that their perpetual race for money distracts them from official duties.
· He continued to serve in this role, in addition to his other duties, until he retired in 1959.· Ory and his deputy, Gen. Gustave Houphouët Koassi, were assigned to other unspecified duties.· The tasks of a sales representative, except in the routine order-taking role, include other duties than making sales.· Once this began all other farm duties would take second place.· It does not extend to the delivery of goods or the performance of work or any other duty.· To undertake other such relevant duties as the Director may determine.· The guardian must continue to perform his other duties but can not give instructions to the child's solicitor.· And the same may be said of most other merely moral duties.
· They said it was their public duty to help.· Reporters and producers have a public duty to speak out if their vision of truth is suppressed by government appointees.· Fees become more important than public duty or public contribution.· If daily life was difficult, public duties were a nightmare.· This public duty must not be influenced by private and personal interests.· Normally, a body is subject to judicial review if it is the creation of statute and performs public law duties.· But the public interest duty is singularly missing.· Love is public duty or a political donation and the compensation is a pension or maybe an embassy.
· Because that would be contrary to our statutory duty.· Brian would have an action for breach of statutory duty against Alan.· The action for breach of statutory duty is advantageous to the plaintiff when the statutory duty is strict or absolute.· However, statutory duties have a limited sphere of operation.· The plaintiff claimed for breach of statutory duty.· They took over the statutory duties and provisions of the old mental health departments.· Introduction Not all breaches of statutory duty will give rise to an action for damages by a person injured as a result.· A person who is subject to a statutory duty can not discharge that duty by entrusting responsibility for its performance to some one else.
NOUN
· After this date, and until 18 March 1986, a form of death duty called capital transfer tax applied.· The current form of death duty is called inheritance tax.· A tax on inherited estates began in 1894, though death duties can be traced back much further.· The modern form of death duties is the inheritance tax.· Some members of the ruling class have transferred property to relatives and friends to avoid death duties.· By 1900 about half of government revenue was raised from income tax and from death duties.· The new Earl also inherited a 2.25 million bill for death duties as well as 80,000 a year running costs.· In addition, most information comes from official statistics, especially from the Inland Revenue, deriving from tax returns and death duties.
· Excise duty revenue from alcoholic drinks is much less buoyant than total excise duty.· These prices excluded additional excise duties.· The 0.8 p.c. rise in the index between the two months was largely due to changes in excise duty in the Budget.· Mr Major resisted the temptation to leave some excise duties unchanged in order to hold down the inflation rate.· For all Member States the excise duty for spirits is above that for both wines and beers.· Lorry owners will get an immediate rebate on vehicle excise duty worth £265m this year.
· The final blow for many firms was the government's abolition of import duties which resulted in a flood of cheap imports.· At the time, the country hiked import duties, imposed exchange-rate controls and nationalized the banks.· Business is also booming in the Far East, though Hong Kong suffered from higher costs and increased import duties.· In addition, import duties were levied on wines.· Other import duties fell on sugar, tobacco, timber, silk, iron bars and, in some years, grain.· Part of the reason for this recovery has been the reduction of import duties on foreign paper.· But a family planning a wedding reception would be able to claim exemption from import duty.
· One girl who turned up for night duty wearing plimsolls received a proper rocket.· After my first spell of night duty I collapsed into bed and slept for nineteen hours.· Henry Bergson, an experienced field officer, was assigned to be 3d Brigade night duty officer.· No night duty was included in the study.· In practice, the student will necessarily miss some continuity because of days off and night duty.· On night duty, there's always plenty of deep doorways.· Men were sometimes on the beat twenty-one out of twenty-four hours during the transition between day and night duty.
· The duty officer at the Cabinet Office Briefing Room was at the centre of a web of information technology.· Henry Bergson, an experienced field officer, was assigned to be 3d Brigade night duty officer.· Many referrals will be dealt with by the duty officer and never allocated to a social worker.· My job as duty officer involves keeping Teesside Airport running smoothly at all times.· Looking around I could see the duty Officer approaching from the direction of the farm.· Some retired generals have voiced doubts, as have active-duty officers.· The duty officer promised to get in touch but nothing happened for two days.· They were later released after their commanders promised there would be no further incidents, said duty officer Paulino Cardoso.
· Mr Surkov would get the chance of seeing the duty solicitor.· There will also be no court duty solicitor today and throughout the week.· The scramble to redistribute existing resources and clients provides the conditions for the development of schemes such as the duty solicitor.· Best to let Mr Surkov see the duty solicitor on legal aid.· The position is different in so far as it affects the duty solicitor scheme.· Given that these defendants are unlikely to know the names of solicitors the responsibility for acting quickly settles on the duty solicitor.· It also took over all aspects of the duty solicitor scheme.· At least before the duty solicitor people were directed to lawyers who had qualifications in advocacy.
· No stamp duty should be payable because of these reliefs but the Regulations do not provide for a hybrid certificate.· This means that stamp duty is assessed by reference to the highest ascertainable rent which might become payable under the lease.· This will reduce Newco's stamp duty bill.· Had the limit not been stated, the rent would have been unascertainable, and the stamp duty would have been £2.· Whichever buy-in regime applies, stamp duty is payable by Target at one-half percent on the return of the cancelled shares.· Therefore the stamp duty on a house worth £70,000 is £700.· Much of the cost goes to the Government in stamp duties and Land Registry fees.· A multiple transfer of assets may be time consuming if consents are required and may give rise to unnecessary stamp duty.
VERB
· Valenzuela himself was promoted from guard duty to acting as a back-up in kidnapping operations.· They would also risk breach of their fiduciary duties to act in the best interests of the company rather than in their own.· Yet it is normally said that it is a breach of an agent's duty to act for competing principals.· In performing this duty the directors usually act on the advice of the issuing house and the lawyers acting.· In the case of exchanges it usually translates into a general contractual duty to act fairly.· This means that directors are under a duty to act in the best interests of the shareholders.· Although they were under a duty to act fairly, they had not broken this duty.· Following this there was some suggestion that in administrative decisions there was a lower duty to act fairly.
· The man he left in charge did not carry out the duties expected of him.· Finding that the superintendent was carrying out an official duty when making these comments, the court dismissed the suit against him.· This was in my earlier days when carrying out general duties ashore.· All that Anselm demanded was that the essential basis for carrying out his duties as archbishop should remain inviolate.· The member States of the Commission could not carry out the duties entrusted to the Commission.· The trouble was that although he carried out his duties perfectly adequately, such employment was neither satisfying nor lasting.· And they agreed to forget their differ ences and carry out their duties as planned.· I have rarely met two Ministers who take more trouble to carry out the duties of their ministerial office.
· With technical work, the appointment of a competent contractor may be sufficient to discharge the duty.· He has been twice a Member of Congress, and in that office discharged his duty with ability and faithfulness.· First, as a warning discharging the duty of care.· New agencies and new officials were created to discharge political and economic duties formerly assigned to the sovereign courts.· In doing so they had discharged their duty of care.· The wound healed well, and the patient was discharged to duty.· But trust in the authority is trust that the authority is likely to discharge its duties properly.· Whether such a warning will discharge the duty of care will depend on the age of the entrant.
· I would be failing in my duty if I allowed him such undeserved relief.· You failed to do your duty as a soldier and succeeded in overthrowing the most legitimate government the nation has ever had.· Where the unions fail in their duties to black workers they must be challenged to stand up for their rights.· Phipps also performed well, but spoiled his record by failing to report for duty on two occasions.· Greenpeace claim that the Authority is failing in its statutory duty to gather the necessary evidence to enforce the law.· The Board dismissed him for allegedly failing in his duties to teach junior doctors.· Lap Karen McCafferty, 17, was punished when she failed to memorise duty procedures.· He had certainly been failing in his duty towards Dimity.
· Eighteen months on, some head teachers are complaining that inspectors are fulfilling their duties with a zeal which smacks of prejudice.· In this capacity he conscientiously fulfilled his duties for thirty-one years in a perfect apostolic spirit.· Voice over Question: Do you feel you have fulfilled your duties towards him?· It gives considerable scope to NGOs, community organisations and others to put pressure on the state to fulfil its duties.· We know that both Charles and Diana are anxious to fulfil their duties to the Crown and do so conscientiously.· By doing this, they could fulfil their special duty as intellectuals, making an important contribution to the nation.· Greater Glasgow Health Board denied liability and said that the anaesthetist had fulfilled all his duties.· Local authorities must fulfil this duty by providing a range and level of services appropriate to the need within the locality.
· Section 47 imposes a duty to investigate on local authorities in certain specified circumstances.· The Transfer Regulations do not impose a duty to consult employees in general if there is no recognised trade union.· The statute may impose a duty on an employer to provide safety equipment and ensure that it is used.· Given this reality, the law imposes duties upon the doctor which exist independently of agreement.· They would have denied that the conscription law imposed a completely new duty.· In the morning they will journey together to G.Q.G. Meanwhile the night imposes its own duties.· Each of the three non-contractual areas of law imposing duties and liabilities is considered below.
· However, unconsciously I must have been riddled with remorse for so neglecting my duties.· He has neglected his duties writing that damned family history and leaving Tim Skerritt to manage the estate.· As he got nearer to No. 22 he decided that Mrs Brocklebank had been neglecting her duties here as well.· Will the doctor be neglecting his duty if he respect this patient's expression of will?· Other companies are happy to invest, with the proviso that the government does not neglect its duty.· Ned would never neglect a duty, however tiresome, never put his own comfort first.· You women are neglecting your duty.
· A relator owes no duty to the public to initiate any law enforcement action.· Solicitors owe a duty of confidentiality to their clients.· But to whom does he owe his duties?· The cost of remedying the defect is economic loss and neither party owes a duty of care to P2 in that respect.· Consequently they ought to owe the same duties as traditional insiders.· Today, the better view would appear to be that directors owe shareholders fiduciary duties in special circumstances.· In return his subjects owed him the duty of honouring that peace.· Directors are usually agents of the company, and owe it duties both of a fiduciary nature and of care and skill.
· Brewers pay tax - excise duty - on the gravity.· Denise Adolphi offered to pay the duty.· By executing and keeping such documents outside the United Kingdom the purchaser can significantly reduce the stamp duty it must pay.· Car users pay heavy duties on petrol and must pay licence fees for running a car.· They themselves raised that question and they paid the duties.· If you go over the limit you have to pay duty on the excess when you go through customs.· The purchaser of assets will pay stamp duty at double this rate but on only part of the consideration.· On a house costing £60,100 you pay £601 in duty.
· Remember that it is not only a refusal to perform your normal duties which can amount to gross misconduct.· Oh, the usual. Perform ecclesiastical duties.· Headmen were relied upon to perform police duties in the countryside.· These officials are responsible to the people for the way they perform their duties.· It is not clear whether mandamus is available in respect of any failure by a statutory authority to perform a statutory duty.· Officials in rural districts covering a large area may drive long distances to perform their regular duties.· In performing this duty the directors usually act on the advice of the issuing house and the lawyers acting.· You have to work, perform your civic duty.
· A duty to provide accommodation at the inn without prior contract to any traveller seeking accommodation.· The Court of Appeal held that the accused had a duty to provide information as to the status of his patients.· Nevertheless, there are circumstances in which an employer may be under a contractual duty to provide work.· Note that there is a general duty to provide family centres for all children and not just children in need.· But only that the community as a whole has a duty to provide adequate protection in some way.· Andrew will try to do his duty By providing some continuity.· Charlie's case raises the question of the employer's personal duty of care and the duty to provide adequate equipment.
· Yith Kim Seng, Minister of Health, was also relieved of his duties.· All three asked to be relieved of this duty.· Friends of the family discovered their coupons returned or were relieved of the duty of delivering them.· Of the first 126 soldiers relieved from duty in an army recruiting scandal, only three were officers.· He was relieved from duty by the end of the week.· The day was too much, and the battalion commander requested to be relieved of his duty.· In the spring of 1993, Li suffered a heart attack and was relieved of more duties.
· Pilots are not permitted alcohol in the eight hours before they report for duty, or while on duty.· Red Men who failed to report for bedside duty with their stricken brother were fined a dollar for dereliction.· A queue of men were standing outside, soberly reporting for duty.· Phipps also performed well, but spoiled his record by failing to report for duty on two occasions.· You will not report for duty again until you have apologised for your insolence.· The Kanyosha administrator, who confirmed the action, said that the victims were reporting on duty.· Bill said he reports for duty July 1, and the first official shooting matches start July 20.
Phrases
PHRASES FROM THE ENTRY
  • Boncoeur was on duty at the switchboard.
  • The night shift goes off duty at six a.m.
  • A skeleton staff was on duty to keep the world-wide operations of Royalbion ticking over.
  • Although she loved her work, never before had she wished to be on duty on a day off.
  • But it is believed he was off duty when the telex was sent.
  • Chapman, Detective Steve Kring was on duty that day.
  • He was on duty when his wife-to-be left her military hospital and was put on a troopship for home.
  • It makes no difference which girl is on duty.
  • She was off duty and I didn't call her.
  • The night security man would be on duty.
► do duty as somethingPHRASES FROM OTHER ENTRIES► your bounden duty
  • The officer in charge was cleared of dereliction of duty.
  • Agit-poppers constantly castigate pop for its dereliction of duty and its straying from being aligned.
  • He should have been put up against a wall and shot, if you ask me, for dereliction of duty.
  • Historians note that the Royal Family has survived scandals, an abdication and dereliction of duty before.
  • It would be a dereliction of duty to talk to students only about firms, cheques, and the price of wheat.
  • Many parents, irrespective of class, must also stand condemned for similar dereliction of duty.
  • Retirement at a time when the opposition was strong was seen by many among them as a dereliction of duty.
  • That is a gross dereliction of duty.
  • This was a disgraceful dereliction of duty.
  • Choose a sofa that will do double duty as a guest bed.
► England expects that every man will do his duty
  • Officer Choi was killed in the line of duty.
  • Dave Weatherley strips off in the line of duty to put seven seriously warm bags to the test.
  • However, none of the disciplined officers was authorized to use the guns in the line of duty.
  • It was the fourth time in five years she had been injured in the line of duty.
  • Ron Brown was on a trade mission to the Balkans when he died in the line of duty.
  • Since then, only one officer has died in the line of duty.
  • They ruled that officers were expected to cope with traumatic events in the line of duty.
  • Vice-Admiral Hawkins, of course, is acting in the line of duty.
  • When one of the fiercely loyal team is gunned down in the line of duty, the unit seems ready to collapse.
► relieve somebody of their post/duties/command etc
  • After the publicists, casting directors began to shoulder the burden.
  • He failed to shoulder the responsibility, which Government should shoulder, for imposing the tax in the first place.
  • I think everyone has got to shoulder the responsibility for defeat, not just Graham.
  • It does indeed make those who require nursing care through no fault of their own shoulder the cost.
  • Voice over Swindon is one of the eighties boom towns which has had to shoulder the burden of recession.
  • Why, he asked, should the taxpayer shoulder the burden of expropriation?
1something you must do [countable, uncountable] something that you have to do because it is morally or legally right SYN  obligation:  I promise I will do my duty. We feel it is our duty to help her. Local authorities have a duty to keep the streets clean. You have a duty to your husband and to your children. She has a strong sense of moral duty. The unions have failed in their duty to female workers. In the traditional Hindu family, the son is duty-bound to look after his mother.2work [countable usually plural, uncountable] something you have to do as part of your jobduties Martin’s duties included cleaning the cars. She works for her father doing part-time secretarial duties. He will soon be fit enough to carry out his duties (=do his job). He can only do light duties. When Juliet reported for duty (=arrived and said she was ready to start work) she was sent to check on a new patient. A teacher may be fired for neglect of duty (=failing to do their job properly). He did three tours of duty in Vietnam (=three periods working in a foreign country as a soldier, government officer etc).3be on/off duty to be working or not working at a particular time, especially when you are doing a job which people take turns to do, so that someone is always doing it:  He’s on night duty. Mary goes on duty (=starts working) tonight at half past ten. What time do you go off duty (=finish work)?4tax [countable, uncountable] a tax you pay on something you buyduty on the duty on cigarettescustoms duty (=tax paid on goods coming into the country) → death duties, stamp duty5do duty as something to be used as something SYN  serve as something:  The living room also does duty as a home office. → double duty, heavy-duty, → jury duty at jury service, → on active duty at active serviceCOLLOCATIONS– Meaning 1verbshave a duty to do something· Parents have a duty to make sure that their children receive an education.do your duty· I felt I had done my duty by voting.fulfil your duty British English, fulfill your duty American English formal (=do what is needed)· The school has failed to fulfil its legal duty towards students.have/owe a duty to somebody· A tenant owes a duty to the landlord to keep the house in reasonable condition.fail in your duty (=not do something that you should do)· I would be failing in my duty if I didn't warn you of the dangers.adjectivesa moral duty· She felt it was her moral duty to treat everyone equally.a legal duty· Employers have a legal duty to ensure the safety of their workforce.a statutory duty (=required by law)· Local authorities have a statutory duty to ensure that parks are clean.a public duty (=relating to the people of a country)· The media has a public duty to report the truth.a civic duty (=done because you live in a place)· It is your civic duty to vote.phrasesa sense of duty· He was caring for his parents out of a sense of duty rather than love.be duty-bound to do something formal (=have a duty to do something)· Soldiers are here to do a job and are duty-bound to complete it.COLLOCATIONS– Meaning 2verbscarry out your duties (also perform/discharge your duties formal) (=do your job)· She has always carried out her duties efficiently.take up your duties (=start doing a new job)· Neale has agreed a three-year contract and takes up his duties on March 1.resume your duties (=start doing your job again)· She hopes to be well enough to resume her duties next week.report for duty (=arrive and be ready to start work)· You must report for duty at 8:30 tomorrow morning.neglect/shirk your duties (=not do your job properly)· No soldier can be allowed to neglect his duties.ADJECTIVES/NOUN + dutyofficial duties· The new president will take up his official duties next month.presidential/royal/ministerial etc duties (=duties that go with being a president, member of a royal family, a minister etc)· The prince is now old enough to carry out royal duties.household/domestic duties (=jobs you have to do around the house)· My husband and I share most of the household duties.light duties (=not involving hard physical work)· He'd been wounded, sent home and put on light duties.guard duty (=job of guarding a place)· There were two soldiers on guard duty outside the embassy.phrasesneglect of duty (=failing to do your job properly)· Six police officers were fired for neglect of duty.a tour of duty (=period of working in another country as a soldier, government officer etc)· He became a General, and his tours of duty included Korea and Vietnam.beyond the call of duty (=more than you have to do as part of your job)· She's a doctor who has gone beyond the call of duty in her care for her patients.in the course of duty (=while doing your job, especially for your country)· Stewart received a medal for outstanding bravery in the course of duty.
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更新时间：2025/2/5 16:20:57