单词 | electoral |
释义 | electorale‧lec‧to‧ral /ɪˈlektərəl/ ●○○ adjective [only before noun] Examples EXAMPLES FROM OTHER DICTIONARIES Thesaurus
Longman Language Activatoran occasion when people vote► election Collocations when people vote to choose a government or leader: · It will be interesting to see what happens at the next election.hold an election: · South Africa held its first multi-racial elections in 1994.call an election (=to say officially that there will be an election): · The government may decide to call an election early.presidential/gubernatorial election (=an election to choose a president or governor): · America is preparing for the presidential elections, which will take place in two weeks' time.general election British (=an election to choose a government): · Taxation will be one of the major issues at the next general election. ► electoral relating to an election: · Support for electoral reform is growing.· This was the first of her many electoral successes.· Electoral systems vary from country to country. ► referendum when everyone in a country votes on a particular important political subject: · How will you be voting in the referendum?hold a referendum: · The government has promised to hold a referendum and let the people choose.referendum on: · The Irish people voted 'no' in a referendum on divorce in 1986. ► ballot when the members of an organization vote on something by marking what they want on a piece of paper, especially in order to make sure that it is secret: · The result of the ballot showed that nurses were not in favour of a strike.ballot of: · He was elected by a ballot of all the teaching staff in the college.hold a ballot: · It was decided to hold a ballot of all party members.secret ballot (=when no-one knows what you voted for): · Voting will be by secret ballot. ► polls a political election - used especially in news reports: · The party is still trying to recover from the losses it suffered at last year's polls.at the polls: · Richards won a huge victory at the polls.the polls: · Voters have been flocking to the polls to elect a new president. ► polling the process of voting in a political election: · Polling has been going on since 9 am.· The announcement of her resignation came just two days before polling was to begin.polling day British (=the day when an election is held): · Polling day is 30 May.polling booth/station (=a place where people vote): · Security was tight at the polling stations. ► show of hands when the people in a group are asked to vote informally by raising their hands: · A show of hands suggested that Martins had little support.· She was elected by a show of hands. WORD SETS► Votingabstain, verbabstention, nounadopt, verbballot, nounballot box, nounballot paper, nounblackball, verbby-election, nouncasting vote, nouncloture, nounconstituency, nounconstituent, noundeliver, verbdeposit, noundeselect, verbdisenfranchise, verbdisfranchise, verbdivision, noundoorstep, verbdream ticket, nounelect, verbelection, nounelectioneering, nounelective, adjectiveelector, nounelectoral, adjectiveelectoral register, nounelectorate, nounenfranchise, verbexit poll, nounfloating voter, nounfranchise, noungeneral election, nounhung parliament, nounlobby, nounmajority, nounmotion, nounno, nounoff-year, nounopen primary, nounoutvote, verboverall majority, nounplebiscite, nounplurality, nounpocket veto, nounpoint of order, nounpoll, nounpolling, nounpolling booth, nounpolling day, nounpolling station, nounpollster, nounPR, nounprimary, nounprimary election, nounproportional representation, nounpsephology, nounrecount, nounre-elect, verbreferendum, nounresolution, nounresolve, verbreturn, verbreturning officer, nounrig, verbrun, verbrun-off, nounscrutineer, nounshow of hands, nounslate, nounsplit ticket, nounspoil, verbsponsor, nounsponsor, verbstalking horse, nounstraight ticket, nounstraw poll, nounstronghold, nounsuffrage, nountactical voting, nounteller, nounthree-line whip, nounvote, verbvote of censure, nounvote of confidence, nounvote of no confidence, nounvoter, nounvoting machine, nounward, nounwrite-in, nounX, nounyea, nounyes, noun COLLOCATIONS FROM THE ENTRY► electoral system Word family Our electoral system strongly favours two-party government. ► electoral reform a campaign for electoral reform COLLOCATIONS FROM OTHER ENTRIES► an electoral alliance (=made between parties before an election)· The weaker Liberal Democratic party was now considering an electoral alliance with Labour. ► an election/electoral campaign· He was a candidate in the 2008 election campaign. ► an electoral/election contest· What will be the outcome of the electoral contest? ► an election/electoral defeat· It was their worst general election defeat since 1982. ► electoral fraud electoral fraud ► an electoral mandate (=gained by winning an election)· Ford took over when Nixon resigned, and thus did not have an electoral mandate of his own. ► the electoral register (=official list of voters) ► the electoral roll British English, the (voter) rolls American English (=a list of the people who are allowed to vote) ► electoral success (=success in elections)· The electoral success of the far right understandably fills many people in Europe with alarm. ► an election/electoral victory· The Democrats were celebrating their election victory. COLLOCATIONS FROM THE CORPUSNOUN► advantage· At least he states his beliefs as they really are, and does not mould them to electoral advantage.· Such measures, exploited for electoral advantage, were within the capabilities of the government to provide. ► alliance· Discussions took place between the two parties over a possible electoral alliance, but broke down in April.· A further provision would have the effect of banning electoral alliances and coalitions. ► behaviour· The rules that used to cover electoral behaviour no longer apply.· With this knowledge, electoral behaviour may be related to local area social and economic characterisation. ► boundary· Municipal elections in the province were postponed from November until next May, mainly because of unresolved disputes over electoral boundaries.· It had previously been notorious in some areas for the manipulation of electoral boundaries and for the practice of religious discrimination.· A boundary extension would require new electoral boundaries and these could not easily be adjusted soas to retain Unionist minority control. ► campaign· Barak's electoral campaign Even though this was an election that Netanyahu lost, it also required Barak to win.· In all more than 1,000 people were arrested during the electoral campaign.· The courts and tribunals were made responsible for ensuring the smooth running of electoral campaigns and equal treatment of candidates.· The issue of the republics' future within the Yugoslav federation dominated the electoral campaigns.· The exchanges between Bhutto and Ishaq Khan had grown sharper in the few last days of the electoral campaign. ► college· Outdated voting mechanisms, a decentralised, idiosyncratic procedure, and the archaic electoral college have received comment.· Florida, with 25 votes in the electoral college that formally picks the next president, is pivotal to the outcome.· This leaves 143 electoral college votes in 14 swing states undecided.· Since the trade union votes count for 40 percent of the local electoral college, Mr Davies was declared the nominee.· This electoral college system must be scrapped.· That would deliver almost half of the trade union votes - 40 percent of the electoral college.· The outcome, in the electoral college, is likely to be quite close. ► commission· Results were cancelled by the electoral commission in both places, where new elections were expected to be organized during December.· But spokesmen said the electoral commission could probably only offer preliminary results Wednesday.· In January 1877, Congress set up an electoral commission to decide the dispute.· To this end it announced that the electoral commission was to be reconstituted in order to free it from political influence and manipulation.· He praised the electoral commission for having had the courage to register him.· The poll was organized by an electoral commission under a Kurdish judge, Amir Hawsizi and international monitors. ► competition· These expectations were nurtured by the adversarial nature of electoral competition and they pressed hard on to government.· The particular method associated with democracy is electoral competition. ► contest· Tibbu further complicated electoral contests there.· Yeltsin has entered an electoral contest that may be less bloody but even harder for him to win.· He is both sharply divided from his party opponents and emotionally involved in electoral contests. ► defeat· Members of congress increasingly came to believe that they could insulate themselves against electoral defeat by assiduous attention to constituency casework.· Carter suffered the worse electoral defeat of any incumbent President ever, including Herbert Hoover in 1932. ► district· Yeltsin won majorities in more than 80 of the 88 electoral districts.· State electoral districts must be apportioned according to population. 43. ► fraud· Mr Berisha's Democratic party alleged widespread electoral fraud by the government and intimidation of polling station officials by the police.· Milosevic promised the students he would investigate their allegations and punish any officials found responsible for electoral fraud.· Widespread electoral fraud and intimidation already have been reported.· Mr Milosevic is fighting for his political survival after a vicious campaign tainted by intimidation and haunted by fears of electoral fraud.· For a start, they are likely to face charges of corruption and electoral fraud.· The complicated ballot sheet was also relatively easily altered for the purposes of electoral fraud. ► law· The incumbent President, Alan García Pérez, was barred by electoral law from seeking re-election.· Congress may pass measures of constitutional significance, for example, certain stipulations of electoral law or the War Powers Act.· The opposition parties had also criticized other aspects of the electoral law.· Under the current electoral law, parliament could have dissolved itself immediately and carried on until the election in a caretaker role.· Happily, before the vote of no confidence, parliament set it right by passing a new electoral law.· Brett spoke out firmly on the question of discrimination in housing, electoral laws and public employment.· This rump has been ordered to draft a new electoral law within two months so that new elections can be held. ► pact· One problem remained to be settled, which was the working out of the electoral pact.· Following Bartlett's victory at Bridgewater, he launched a grass roots campaign for an electoral pact with Liberals and Communists. ► politics· This is the new electoral politics.· S policy hostage to electoral politics.· Regional bodies of this sort encourage the representation of interests as interests, rather than their fragmentation through electoral politics.· The 1992 political process demonstrated the impact of this dramatic episode on the electoral politics.· Ideas as such are not central in electoral politics.· Freed from electoral politics, she became an oracle of sorts.· That success led the Newmanites further into electoral politics, where they finally emerged in 1979 as the neutral-sounding New Alliance Party.· But focusing on electoral politics and economic development distracts us from the truly ugly side of our southern neighbor. ► procedure· In February 1990 the organization left Belgrade's Socialist Alliance, citing the shortcomings in the alliance's electoral procedure.· The law laid down qualifications for Congressmen and electoral procedures to be followed.· Secondly, normal time limits for electoral procedures such as submission of nominations were reduced because of the special circumstances of the December elections.· It would require them to conform to stricter accounting and electoral procedures, and suggests scrutiny by the National Audit Office.· They called into question various electoral procedures including the drawing up of electoral lists and the issuing of ballot papers. ► process· But how was this pluralism to be embodied in the electoral process?· This electoral process provides both the president and the legislature with independent mandates to represent the citizens in the governing process.· They broadcast a statement reaffirming the army's support for the process of democratization and denouncing the delays in the electoral process.· But in fact they may actually have presaged that the contemporary presidency and electoral process were beginning to disintegrate.· Observers had feared that violence would seriously disrupt the electoral process.· Spoiled ballots accounted for 32 %, indicating the widespread dissatisfaction at the electoral process.· Elite convergence progresses until the subordinate group of elites learns to beat the dominant group through the electoral process.· The electoral process stopped abruptly with the death of the man most likely to be prime minister. ► purpose· Further, in a currency union no government of a member country can manipulate the money supply growth rate for electoral purposes.· Similarly, a photograph of the congressman with the president at his side may be invaluable for electoral purposes.· The attitude of employers is one of annoyance at what they see as government interference for electoral purposes.· The most controversial elements of the new law were its provisions defining recognizable and legitimate political parties and groups for electoral purposes.· It was deliberately smashed by people who used it cynically for their own electoral purposes. ► reform· Under a Labour government, this committee would become an official inquiry into electoral reform.· Calls for consideration of electoral reform and a new form of black representation are both expected to be defeated.· The case for electoral reform is best discussed in terms of the question: what kind of political system do we want?· But his proposals for electoral reform, now moving ahead in fits and starts, contain no such provision.· Yesterday's debate about electoral reform could provide the model.· Reform, a friend to, i.e. a supporter of the electoral Reform Bill passed in 1832.· Mandelson is probably right when he argues that the sudden salience of electoral reform hurt. ► register· The commission estimates the population on the basis of the electoral register - but is working with the artificially low 1991 registers.· Go to the reference library and look up the electoral register for the last ten years or so.· The other method for collecting facts about potential purchasers is through published lists - like the telephone directory or the electoral register.· Is this one of the reasons why 1 million people are missing off the electoral register?· This register is not identical to the electoral register and includes foreigners resident in this country and others not entitled to vote.· Mr Alton said that the poll tax meant many people had dodged electoral registers in a bid to avoid payment.· The poll tax registers, unlike the electoral registers, are updated monthly. ► registration· Mr Alton said official electoral registration surveys were inadequate, missing many people actually eligible to vote.· Only 0.3 percent. of the advertising budget is spent on electoral registration.· Each year every household receives an electoral registration form. ► roll· If you are not on the electoral roll you may get turned down for credit.· They can not have their names on the electoral roll and, as a result, can not vote.· Voluntary patients can register on the electoral roll and can have postal votes.· Addresses don't have to be mentioned, they can easily be looked up in the electoral roll just from a name.· Hoyte had twice extended the parliamentary session in 1991, ostensibly in order to allow new electoral rolls to be drawn up.· Official funding would be made available for party political broadcasts and electoral rolls were to be updated.· An estimated 40,000 names on a revised electoral roll were reported to be suspect.· I am interested in whether the police national computer is linked with poll tax registers, electoral rolls and telephone numbers. ► rolls· Hoyte had twice extended the parliamentary session in 1991, ostensibly in order to allow new electoral rolls to be drawn up.· Official funding would be made available for party political broadcasts and electoral rolls were to be updated.· I am interested in whether the police national computer is linked with poll tax registers, electoral rolls and telephone numbers.· A period of three years was thought to be necessary for census-taking and drawing up electoral rolls.· Authorities will be able to examine electoral rolls. ► success· Despite the recovery of the Labour Party after 1931, its electoral successes were unspectacular.· To achieve electoral success, pragmatic parties might shift their position or expand the range of viewpoints they encompass.· Its legitimacy was not based on electoral success but on its revolutionary principles and antecedents.· Low local taxes are not always a recipe for electoral success.· Such opinions have commendable moral tone but they are perhaps not a recipe for electoral success.· Sometimes disagreement, in spite of attempts to conceal it, will become so public as to prejudice a party's hopes of electoral success.· It also saw the first major electoral success for Labour: twenty-nine Labour and Lib-Lab members were returned. ► support· So after both of these elections a government was formed which had less electoral support than the opposition.· In 1979 and in 1983 there was clear electoral support for several Conservative policies, even among many Labour voters.· As a result, Shas's power base and electoral support have been garnered from the traditional strongholds of the Likud.· It certainly owes nothing to any rational assessment of electoral support.· Thus economic models of bureaucratic behaviour usually involve a theory of legislative behaviour in which politicians aim to maximize their electoral support.· In the recessionary 1970s, most governments were turned out at elections or saw their share of electoral support fall. ► system· Plurality electoral systems tend to produce two identifiable blocs while majority run-off elections tend to produce more fragmented support.· Will our major parties allow the electoral system to be changed?· The electoral system would not be changed before the National Assembly elections due in March 1993.· Changes in the electoral system recently brought in a new commission with six Hispanics, four blacks and three whites.· He also told them to stop complaining about the electoral system.· He also sees the need to reform the electoral system to clean up the political system.· New Zealand's electoral system, a form of proportional representation, is a key difference.· And they are treated harshly by the form of the electoral system. ► victory· This acceptance of the democratic rules of the game and the eventual sharing of electoral victories leads to democratic consolidation.· Bolstered by his landslide electoral victory in 1972, the President moved to take on the legislature.· This was undoubtedly the factor that led to the movement's overwhelming electoral victories in 1990 and 1991.· After Papandreou's electoral victory in 1981, Tritsis was appointed environment minister.· With the electoral victory of the Concertacion, the socialists felt a special mission to prove their loyalty to the ruling class.· Equally, an electoral victory by Mr Tekere would have presented no particular problems to an administration whose members dominate Parliament. ► vote· The final result of electoral votes was: Clinton 370, Bush 168, Perot 0.· Florida alone provided nearly one-tenth of the 270 electoral votes required for victory, while Ohio commands 21 votes.· Hayes's election depended on contested electoral votes in Louisiana, South Carolina, and Florida.· He noted that Wisconsin controls only 11 of the 270 electoral votes needed to win the presidency.· The final electoral vote was 185 to 184.· It takes 270 electoral votes to win.· At 3.15 this morning Clinton had passed the magical 270 electoral votes he required to win the presidency.· Clinton carried Ohio and its 21 electoral votes by barely 90, 000 votes in the three-way race in 1992. WORD FAMILYnounelectionre-electionelectorelectorateelectioneeringadjectiveelected ≠ unelectedelectoralelectverbelectre-electadverbelectorally relating to elections and voting: Our electoral system strongly favours two-party government. a campaign for electoral reform—electorally adverb |
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