electrone‧lec‧tron /ɪˈlektrɒn $ -trɑːn/ noun [countable] 
Word Origin
Word OriginWORD ORIGINelectron
ExamplesOrigin:
1800-1900 electro- + -on (as in ion)EXAMPLES FROM THE CORPUS
word sets- Although small, these single crystals can be studied using an electron microscope.
- Crystal cleanliness and crystallinity were checked by Auger electron spectroscopy and low energy electron diffraction, respectively.
- How near depends on the electron energy.
- In electron sharing, a shared electron can not be considered to have been gained or lost.
- Screen-printed silver metal contacts on the surface of the wafer collect the streams of electrons and produce an electric current.
- The valency of an atom in a covalent molecule is the number of electrons shared by the atom in forming the bond.
- The world it presents is populated by entities such as electrons and quarks.
- This leaves one electron on each carbon atom unaccounted for.
WORD SETS► Physics
Collocationsaether, nounamplitude, nounantimatter, nounantiparticle, nounastrophysics, nounatom, nounatomic, adjectiveattract, verbattraction, nounballistics, nounbeam, nounblack hole, nounbuoyancy, nouncalorie, nouncalorific, adjectivecapillary action, nouncathode ray tube, nouncentre of gravity, nouncentrifugal force, nouncentrifuge, nouncentripetal force, nounchain reaction, nouncondensation, nounconduct, verbconduction, nounconductive, adjectiveconductor, nounconvect, verbconvection, nouncore, nouncritical mass, noundemagnetize, verbdense, adjectivedensity, noundisplacement, noundynamic, adjectiveelectron, nounelementary particle, nounfallout, nounfissile, adjectivefission, nounfocus, verbfrequency, nounfriction, nounfusion, noungamma ray, noungravitation, noungravitational, adjectivegravity, nounhalf-life, nounhertz, nounhydraulic, adjectiveHz, imaging, nounimpetus, nouninertia, nouninvariable, adjectiveion, nounionize, verbkinetic, adjectivelaser, nounlift, nounliquefaction, nounliquefy, verblodestone, nounmagnet, nounmagnetic, adjectivemagnetic field, nounmagnetism, nounmagnetize, verbmass, nounmechanical, adjectivemedium, nounmeltdown, nounmomentum, nounmotive, adjectivemushroom cloud, nounnatural philosophy, nounneutron, nounNewtonian, adjectivenuclear, adjectivenuclear fission, nounnuclear fusion, nounnuclear physics, nounnuclear reactor, nounnucleus, nounoptical fibre, nounparticle accelerator, nounparticle physics, nounphonic, adjectivephosphorescence, nounphosphorescent, adjectivephoto-, prefixphoton, nounphotosensitive, adjectivephotosensitize, verbphysical, adjectivephysicist, nounphysics, nounpivot, nounpolar, adjectivepole, nounpotential energy, nounpower, nounpressure, nounpropulsion, nounproton, nounpull, nounquantum mechanics, nounquantum theory, nounquark, nounradiate, verbradiation, nounradio wave, nounray, nounreaction, nounreactor, nounreflect, verbreflector, nounrefract, verbrelativity, nounrepel, verbrepulsion, nounrepulsive, adjectiveresilience, nounresilient, adjectiveresistance, nounresonance, nounretention, nounsolid-state, adjectivesonic, adjectivesonic boom, nounsound wave, nounspace, nounspecific gravity, nounspectral, adjectivespectroscope, nounspectrum, nounstatics, nounsteady state theory, nounstrain, nounstress, nounsurface tension, nountension, nounthermodynamics, nounthrust, nountraction, nountrajectory, nountransmit, verbultrasonic, adjectiveultrasound, nounvacuum, nounvaporize, verbvapour, nounvector, nounwave, nounwavelength, nounwork, noun
COLLOCATIONS FROM THE CORPUSADJECTIVE► free
a very small piece of matter with a negative electrical charge that moves around the nucleus (=central part) of an atom → proton, neutron· The alternating transverse force makes the free electrons move sinusoidally, radiating photons in the forward direction.· Maybe under pressure free electrons do it.
► scanning· Fig. 1. Scanning electron micrograph showing the distribution of the angular grains of alumina in Inceram.· The school's equipment includes a scanning electron microscope.· Fig. 5. Scanning electron micrograph of a diatom.· For scanning electron microscopy, the tissues were left in the fixative for 3 hours at room temperature.
► single· The UA1 team has found five occasions on which a single electron with all the right characteristics was produced.· Summerlee had found an electric probe so sensitive it could detect the passage of a single electron.· But there is no such thing as a single atom, or single electron, that is superconducting.· The single electron then occupies the lower orbital, d z 2, and the overall energy of the system is reduced.
NOUN► acceptor· This process involves the addition of microorganisms, nutrients and an electron acceptor into the saturation zone of a contaminated aquifer.
► beam· Alternatively, electron beam machines are used.· Fire a high energy electron beam at a metal target and bremsstrahlung effect produces intense X-rays.· A basic example occurs in an electron beam - so important in television and radio.· The device is fabricated in Gallium Arsenide using electron beam lithography to define special side-gated channels.
► density· Computer simulated graphics of these species show electron density delocalised across three centres.· The 3Å map was noisier but showed improved definition of side-chain electron density.· The non-crystallographic symmetry was established from the electron density and heavy atom sites.· All maps show electron density contoured at 1 standard deviation, with the current model displayed for comparison.· The 2.8Å electron density map is of high quality.· Two phasing methods were used to obtain electron density maps.· The intensity of scattering is a function of the electron density and therefore of the refractive index.· The vertical bars show the region of H5 that has been built in the electron density map.
► microprobe· This is needed for electron microprobe or back-scattered Scanning Electron Microscope work where a perfect surface is required.· Activator and quencher ions may produce their effects at extremely low concentrations, below the detection limits of the electron microprobe.· In some ways it is therefore similar to electron microprobe analysis, but it is more sensitive than the latter.
► microscope· Mike Stewart's morphological methods, however, could go beyond those of light microscopy to that of the electron microscope.· Before a virus particle is prepared for the electron microscope it must be made static.· Although small, these single crystals can be studied using an electron microscope.· Richman then took the tissues to an electron microscope, which offers powers of magnification great enough to see viruses themselves.· Specialist image analysis equipment for light and electron microscope images also require interfacing with powerful computers.· Fantastic electron microscope images of objects looking very suggestively like fossilized living forms again captured the imagination of the world.· Baranowski and his team attribute this to a layered arrangement of atoms - visible in the electron microscope.· The technique has been extensively used to study vibrations associated with surfaces and thin film samples, usually in an electron microscope.
► microscopy· To evaluate our first impressions we examined transmission electron microscopy findings in 40 H pylori positive cases out of 94 randomised cases.· Over the past 10 years Philips Analytical has grown and diversified away from its core technologies of X-ray analysis and electron microscopy.· Using electron microscopy, Rubin etal showed that the tight junctions appeared morphologically unchanged in untreated coeliac disease patients.· The growth rate was established by flow cytometry and the morphological characteristics of the growing cells by electron microscopy.· Transmission electron microscopy was used to analyse the morphological features of the growing cells.· The small intestinal mucosa was studied by histology, morphometry, biochemistry, and electron microscopy.· Of considerable physiological importance are the membrane systems revealed by electron microscopy.· Miller separated photosynthesis membranes from the purple bacterium, Rhodopseudomonas viridis, and has now determined their 3-D structure by electron microscopy.
► spin· This is a consequence of electron spin.· Increasingly U-series dates are being used in conjunction with electron spin resonance dates using the same materials.· For the moment just note that electron spin provides a second example of a two-dimensional state vector space in quantum mechanics.· The rules can be divided into those concerned with electron spin and those related to orbital properties.
► transfer· Intervalence compounds have been classified according to the ease of electron transfer between the distinct sites.· In Class I compounds, electron transfer between the centers is slow, and the sites behave as if they were effectively independent.· The overall electron transfer from the anion is particularly high and has been calculated at approximately 0.8e.· Donor and acceptor compounds are differentiated by the direction of the electron transfer to or from the carbon layers.
► transmission· To evaluate our first impressions we examined transmission electron microscopy findings in 40 H pylori positive cases out of 94 randomised cases.· The second half of the chapter introduces electron diffraction with a focus on transmission electrons.
► volt· In Rutherford's experiment, the u-particles had energies of millions of electron volts.
VERB► contain· Helium, the next element in the periodic table, contains two electrons encircling a nucleus containing two protons.· For example, each side of the card may contain an embedded electron whose spin remains correlated with its twin.· The belt surrounds Jupiter and contains ions and electrons with comparatively large energies of motion.
► lose· Energy lost by electrons as they are evicted from their traps is emitted as light radiation and is termed thermoluminescence.· Sodium has a strong tendency to lose an electron and become the positively charged ion Na.
► remove· If we remove an electron from an anti-bonding orbital, the ion will be more tightly bound than the molecule was.· Since we have removed an anti-bonding electron the vibrational frequency of the ion is greater than that of the molecule.· If we remove an electron from a bonding orbital, the bond in the ion is weaker than that in the molecule.
► use· Although small, these single crystals can be studied using an electron microscope.· It uses a line electron source and so needs only one deflection component.· Increasingly U-series dates are being used in conjunction with electron spin resonance dates using the same materials.· Two phasing methods were used to obtain electron density maps.· We can therefore choose the depth to which we probe by using appropriate electron binding energies.· The device is fabricated in Gallium Arsenide using electron beam lithography to define special side-gated channels.· I strongly recommend the book to anyone in any field who is interested in using electron microscopy.