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单词 evidence
释义
evidence1 nounevidence2 verb
evidenceev‧i‧dence1 /ˈevɪdəns/ ●●● S2 W1 AWL noun Examples
EXAMPLES FROM OTHER DICTIONARIES
  • evidence of life on other planets
  • His former girlfriend was called to give evidence.
  • Husbands and wives cannot be forced to give evidence against each other.
  • People have been looking for evidence of life on other planets for years.
  • Prosecutors believe they have enough evidence to convict Smith.
  • The evidence proves clearly and beyond a reasonable doubt that the defendant is guilty.
  • The defense presented some new evidence from the victim's next-door neighbor.
  • The government's case was based on evidence gathered over a two-year investigation.
  • The most important piece of evidence, the murder weapon, has not been found.
  • The police did not have enough evidence to charge anybody with the murder.
  • There is no scientific evidence to support this theory.
  • There is not a shred of evidence to support such a theory.
  • There is some evidence that a small amount of alcohol is good for you.
  • There is strong evidence to suggest that the Great Barrier Reef will have disappeared in 20 years time.
  • There was no visible evidence that humans had ever lived in this valley.
  • We can find no evidence that he ever worked for the company.
  • Without any evidence we cannot prove that she was involved in murder.
EXAMPLES FROM THE CORPUS
  • After examining such evidence, the Oregon court agreed with the teacher that the contract was not divisible into two parts.
  • And there appears to be little evidence that that will occur soon.
  • Final evidence that rhynchosaurs were herbivorous is that they occurred in large numbers; in general we expect the herbivores to outnumber carnivores.
  • He must draw deductions about what he thinks took place from the evidence that is presented to him.
  • I have suggested elsewhere that their presentation of their evidence benefits from closer examination.
  • In this case we must reconstitute ourselves into a court of appeal and go through all the evidence afresh.
  • One need not go to Budhist sociology to find evidence of self benefits.
Thesaurus
THESAURUS
[countable] an event, fact etc that shows that something is happening or that something is true or exists: · The curtains were still drawn and there was no sign of activity.· A score of 80 or more is a sign that you are doing very well.
[countable] a sign. Indication is more formal than sign: · Recently there have been several indications of improving relations.· There was no indication the killings were related to the drug trade.
[uncountable] facts or signs that show clearly that something exists or is true, especially something that you are trying to prove: · Scientists are hoping to find evidence that there was once life on Mars.· There was not enough evidence to convict him of the murder.
[countable] a sign that someone has an illness or that a serious problem exists: · The first symptoms are tiredness and loss of weight.· Is this a symptom of the decay of Western civilization?
[countable] a sign that shows you what is happening or what is true – used about a process, or about the state or level of something: · There are a number of indicators of economic slowdown.· The tests are considered a good indicator of intelligence.
[countable] a sign that shows that you should do something, or that you have a particular attitude: · Severe chest pain is a warning signal that cannot be ignored.· Legalizing drugs could send the wrong signal to young people.
[countable] a sign, especially that you respect or honour someone: · People stood in silence as a mark of respect.· It was a mark of her popularity that so many colleagues and friends attended the presentation.
Longman Language Activatorthe parts of the legal process
a legal process in a court, in which people try out find out whether or not someone is guilty of a crime: · The trial is due to take place next month at Wood Green Crown Court.be on trial (for something) (=to be judged in a court): · A man from Seattle is on trial for the murder.go on trial (=to begin being judged in a court): · A man was due to go on trial at Liverpool Crown Court later today accused of murdering his wife.awaiting trial (=to be waiting for your trial to start): · Drake is in a federal prison in Houston, awaiting trial on charges of cocaine trafficking.face trial (=wait for your trial to start): · Perelli faces trial later in the year on corruption and perjury charges.murder/rape/robbery etc trial: · On Tuesday, a judge rejected requests to televise the murder trial of Robert Caine.
a particular crime or legal problem that is judged in court: · They lost their case in the High Court and had to pay damages.murder/robbery/rape etc case: · Mathers called it the worst multiple murder case in the city's history.
an official statement made by the police, saying someone has done something illegal: criminal charges (=official statements saying that someone has done something illegal): · Criminal charges were filed in October against Sorvino by the District Attorney's office.file charges (against somebody) (=start a legal process against someone): · On Tuesday, the police officially filed charges against Jeffers.murder/burglary/rape etc charges: · San Francisco police have arrested a 39-year-old man on murder charges.
the information, objects, documents etc that are used in a court to help to prove what really happened in a legal case: · Prosecutors believe they have enough evidence to convict Smith.· The government's case was based on evidence gathered over a two-year investigation.· The evidence proves clearly and beyond a reasonable doubt that the defendant is guilty.piece of evidence: · The most important piece of evidence, the murder weapon, has not been found.give evidence (=tell a court what you know about a crime): · His former girlfriend was called to give evidence.give evidence against somebody (=tell the court things that help to prove someone is guilty): · Husbands and wives cannot be forced to give evidence against each other.
the decision that a judge or jury makes about whether someone is guilty of a crime or not: guilty/not guilty verdict: · The jury's not guilty verdict was criticized all over the country.reach a verdict (=finally decide whether someone is guilty or not): · Jurors were unable to reach a verdict after deliberating two hours Friday afternoon.return/hand down a verdict (=officially say whether someone is guilty or not): · The judge will hand down a verdict in January, the newspaper reported.
the official punishment that someone is given by a judge when a court decides that they are guilty of a crime, especially a period of time in prison: a 7 year/6 month etc sentence (=when someone has to go to prison for 7 years, 6 months etc): · Neale is finishing a three-month sentence for petty theft.maximum/minimum sentence (=the longest or shortest time that someone can be sent to prison for a crime): · If convicted of the charges against him, Blackburn could receive a maximum sentence of 30 years.pass sentence (=officially say what a criminal's punishment will be): · Judge Evans will pass sentence on the three men tomorrow.life sentence (=when someone is sent to prison for a very long time or for the rest of their life): · Croy is currently serving a life sentence for the 1992 rape and murder of an Iowa woman.death sentence (=when the punishment is death): · Richardson was convicted of murder and given a death sentence.
something that proves something is true
information or facts that prove that something is true: · He was the only person in the room when the money disappeared - what more proof do you want?· The police knew she was guilty, but they had no proof.proof of: · You can't drink in bars without some proof of your age.proof (that): · There is no proof that he did it.conclusive proof (=something that definitely proves something is true): · It was alleged that he was stealing money from the till, but we never had any conclusive proof.
information that helps to prove whether something is true or not: · The police did not have enough evidence to charge anybody with the murder.evidence that: · There is some evidence that a small amount of alcohol is good for you.evidence of/for: · evidence of life on other planetsmedical/scientific/forensic etc evidence: · There is no scientific evidence to support this theory.evidence to suggest/indicate/show etc something: · There is strong evidence to suggest that the Great Barrier Reef will have disappeared in 20 years time.not a shred of evidence (=no evidence at all): · There is not a shred of evidence to support such a theory.
official documents that are used to prove that a claim or statement is true or correct: · Can you produce documentation to support your claim?· As there is no formal documentation of your business partnership, it has no legal status.
a person, group, or place that proves that something is true or possible: living proof of: · The team is living proof of the old saying that it's not whom you play that counts, but when you play them.· We know that English and French speakers can live together in Canada - Montreal is living proof of that.living proof that: · Jordan is living proof that you don't have to conform to the music industry's standards in order to be accepted.
a way of finding out whether something is as good as people say it is, whether it works, or when it is true: · The acid test of a good leader is the extent to which they select a style to suit the circumstances.
when something shows that something else is true
to prove that something is true: · Her nervousness is shown by a tendency to laugh a lot in public.show (somebody) how/what/why etc: · It cost $5000 to repair the car -- that shows how bad the damage was!· It shows you what they think of their customers, if they can't even be bothered to answer your letter!show something/somebody to do something: · Caffeine has been shown to have a good effect on mental performance.show (that): · The evidence shows that this area was probably the site of a Roman settlement.· The polls clearly show that the voters are dissatisfied with the present government.it (just) goes to show (=use to emphasize that something proves that what you are saying is true): · It just goes to show that we can all learn from experience, whether we're 8 or 80.
if an event or action is a sign of something else, it is one of the things that shows that something is probably true: be a sign of: · The public opposition to the airport is a sign of how much people's attitudes have changed.· A cluttered desk is a sign of a creative mind.be a sign that: · When a dog wags his tail, it's a sign that he's happy.be a sure/clear sign: · My mother pursed her lips, a sure sign of displeasure.take/view/see something as a sign that (=decide that it shows something): · When she didn't return my calls, I took it as a sign that she just wasn't interested.
formal to show very clearly that something is true - use this especially in official or technical contexts: · His commitment to the company is demonstrated by his work on the project.demonstrate how/why/whether etc: · Here are some examples that demonstrate how badly some students write their resumés.· The assessment center gives each applicant the opportunity to demonstrate whether they are suited to the work.demonstrate that: · I'm afraid this whole episode demonstrates that we have become less compassionate as a society. demonstrate (something) to somebody: · You've got to be able to demonstrate to people that the union can help in these cases.
if an event or action means something, you can guess from it that something has happened or is true: · Cloudy water from the taps usually means problems with your storage tank.· A free economy does not mean the absence of any economic control. mean (that): · This sort of behaviour means that the child is definitely unhappy.· If A is false, does that also mean proposition B is false?must mean: · Her car's not there, so that must mean she's gone to pick him up.
to show very clearly that something is true: make it clear (that): · This new evidence makes it clear that Rourke was acting independently of the others.make it clear what/why/how etc: · The look in her eyes made it clear what she meant.make clear something: · The Unabomber's diary makes clear his loathing and contempt for society.
if something reflects a situation or fact, it is a result of that situation or fact and shows clearly that the situation or fact exists: · The three-year guarantee reflects the company's confidence in the quality of its products.· His fair, freckled skin and blue eyes reflect his Irish heritage.· This poll reflects what the Republicans of California are sensing. be reflected in: · The culture of a nation is always reflected in its language.
to be an example which shows that a fact is true or that a situation exists: · As this story illustrates, some stars have become as bored as audiences by Hollywood extravagance.· This point can be illustrated by two brief examples.illustrate how/why/what: · The experiment illustrates how careful you have to be when interpreting results.
if a situation, detail etc tells you something, it helps you to know, understand, or guess more about something: · What does this tell us about the experience of young immigrants to this country?tell somebody how many/much etc: · Unfortunately, the photographs can tell us very little about the potential for life on Mars.tell somebody that: · The research told us that many drug addicts were returning to heroin up to three years after the treatment.
if a situation, detail, fact is evidence of a general situation, attitude, type of behaviour etc, it shows that it exists: be evidence of: · Changes in sexual laws in recent years are evidence of a gradual movement towards greater tolerance.be evidence that: · Journalists argue that being attacked by both sides is evidence that their coverage is fair.· This is clear evidence that the crime figures do not represent the true situation.
to show something that most people did not know or realize is true: · The way he spoke in the bar afterwards revealed prejudice and bitterness that I had never suspected.· Separate holidays and weekends apart reveal more clearly than any words the state of their marriage.reveal how/why/what etc: · The President's refusal to meet the press reveals just how serious the crisis is.· Positive tests have revealed why some athletes were so reluctant to co-operate.reveal that: · The fact that there are no black officers in the entire regiment reveals that the army is not serious about its anti-discrimination policies.
something that shows what is true or what is happening
an event or fact that shows that something is true or that something is happening: · Therapy should begin when the first signs are noticed.sign of: · Stan has some of the early signs of heart disease.· Police searched the house thoroughly but found no signs of a break-in.sign (that): · A score of 80 or more is a sign that you are doing very well.be a sure sign (of/that) (=show that something is definitely true): · When Emma offers to help you it's a sure sign that she wants something from you!a good/hopeful/encouraging sign (=a sign that things are improving): · The rise in consumer spending is an encouraging sign that the economy may be recovering.
something, especially someone's behaviour or what they say, that makes you believe that something is probably happening or has probably happened: indication of: · There was no indication of forced entry to the building.indication (that): · There are indications that the Labour Party will win the next election.give no/any/a good indication of something: · If she knew what was going on outside, she gave no indication of it.· The daily pollen count can give a good indication of the amount of allergens in the air.give/show every indication of (doing) something: · The two parties have shown every indication of a willingness to compromise.
facts, objects etc that show that something exists or is true: · Without any evidence we cannot prove that she was involved in murder.evidence of: · People have been looking for evidence of life on other planets for years.evidence that: · We can find no evidence that he ever worked for the company.visible evidence: · There was no visible evidence that humans had ever lived in this valley.
a sign that someone has an illness or that a serious problem exists: · First the doctor asked me to describe my symptoms.symptom of: · The first symptoms of hepatitis are tiredness, vomiting, and loss of weight.· In his speech the Bishop labelled these crimes as a symptom of society's moral decline.
a very small sign that a particular situation exists or is true: trace of: · The thief was careful not to leave any trace of his activities.· Many local people were very eager to get rid of the last traces of their town's shameful past. with/without a trace of something: · Hans speaks English beautifully, without a trace of a foreign accent.
formal a very clear sign that a particular situation or feeling exists: manifestation of: · This latest outbreak of violence is a clear manifestation of discontent in the city.· Some men feel that showing their emotions is a manifestation of weakness.
something that happens which you think is a sign that something good or bad is going to happen in the future: · Do you think the rain is some kind of omen?bad omen: · George thought the car breaking down on the way to his wedding was a bad omen.good omen: · "Maybe this is a good omen," said Jill, seeing a blue sky for the first time in weeks.
: tell-tale signs/marks/symptoms etc signs that something is happening that are not very easy to notice, unless you know exactly what to look for : · In his face you could see the first tell-tale signs of alcoholism.· Teachers are encouraged to look for telltale signs of abuse among their students.
if you say that something is a giveaway , you mean it clearly shows you the real truth about something, rather than what someone would like you to believe: · Those fake beams are a giveaway - it isn't really an old pub.be a dead giveaway (=show very clearly): · That nervous twitching was always a dead giveaway that he'd done something wrong.
WORD SETS
access, nounacquit, verbacquittal, nounactionable, adjectiveact of God, nounadjourn, verbadminister, verbadmissible, adjectiveADR, nounadversarial, adjectiveadvocate, nounaffidavit, nounage, nounaggrieved, adjectiveagreement, nounannual return, anti-dumping, adjectiveantitrust, adjectiveAppeal Court, nounappear, verbappellate court, nounarraign, verbarticled clerk, articles of association, nounassignee, nounassizes, nounattachment, nounattest, verbattorney, nounattorney-at-law, nounattorney general, nounaverage clause, bailable, adjectivebailee, nounbailiff, nounbailment, nounban, nounbarrister, nounbeneficial owner, beneficiary, nounbequeath, verbbequest, nounbest efforts, adjectivebid-rigging, nounbill, nounbill of rights, nounblue law, nounbody corporate, bond, nounbook, verbbox, nounbreakdown clause, break fee, brief, nounbroker's lien, burden of proof, nounbusiness entity, buyer's risk, bylaw, nouncabotage, nouncadastre, nouncase, nouncase law, nouncash shell, nouncause, nouncause célèbre, nouncause of action, nouncaution, nouncaution, verbcertificate of incorporation, nouncertificate of protest, nouncertificate of search, nounchain of title, nounchallenge, nounchallenge, verbchancery, nounChapter 7, nouncharge, nouncharge, verbcharges register, chief justice, nouncircuit court, nouncite, verbcitizen's arrest, nouncivil, adjectivecivil law, nounclaim, nounclaimant, nounclass action, nounclause, nounclean, adjectivecloud on title, nouncollusion, nouncommerce clause, committal, nouncommon law, nouncommunity property, nounCommunity Reinvestment Act, nouncommutation, nounCompanies House, nouncompanies registry, company limited by guarantee, nouncompany limited by shares, nouncompany officer, competence, nouncompetent, adjectivecomplainant, nouncompletion, nouncompletion date, compliance officer, compulsory purchase, nounconditional discharge, nouncondition precedent, nouncondition subsequent, nounconduct money, confidentiality clause, confirmation hearing, conflict of laws, nounconjugal, adjectiveconsensus ad idem, nounconsent decree, consenting adult, nounconservator, nounconstituted, adjectiveconstitution, nounconstitutional, adjectiveconstitutionality, nouncontempt, nouncontest, verbcontingency fee, contract of insurance, nouncontract of purchase, nouncontract of service, nouncontravene, verbcontravention, nouncontributory negligence, nounconvey, verbconveyance, nounconveyancing, nounconvict, verbconviction, nouncopyright, nounco-respondent, nouncosignatory, nouncounsel, nouncounty court, nouncourthouse, nouncourt-martial, nouncourt-martial, verbCourt of Appeal, nounCourt of Appeals, nouncourt of inquiry, nouncourt of law, nounCourt of Queen's Bench, nouncourt order, nouncourt reporter, nouncourtroom, nouncramdown, nouncriminal, adjectivecriminal injury, criminalize, verbcriminal law, nouncross-examine, verbCrown Court, nouncurfew, nouncustodial, adjectiveD.A., noundata protection, death sentence, noundeath warrant, noundeclaration of association, noundecree, noundecree absolute, noundecree nisi, noundecriminalize, verbdeed, noundeed of conveyance, noundefalcation, noundefend, verbdefendant, noundeficiency judgment, noundeficiency judgment, de jure, adjectivedeposition, noundeputy, nounderivative lease, desertion, noundiminished responsibility, noundiplomatic immunity, noundirectors register, disabled quota, disbar, verbdischarge of contract, noundisclaim, verbdisclaimer, noundiscretionary, adjectivedisinherit, verbdismiss, verbdispense, verbdisposition, noundispossess, verbdissent, noundissolution, noundistrain, verbdistrict attorney, noundistrict court, noundivorce, noundivorce, verbdivorced, adjectivedocket, noundonee, noundouble jeopardy, noundraftsman, noundrink-driving, noundrunk driving, noundue process, nounduress, nouneasement, nounedict, nouneffective, adjectiveeminent domain, nounempower, verbenabling, adjectiveenabling clause, enact, verbendowment, nounenforced, adjectiveenjoin, verbescape clause, escrow, nounescrow agent, estate, nounestoppel, nounevidence, nounexamination, nounexamination-in-chief, nounexamine, verbexculpate, verbexecute, verbexecutor, nounexecutrix, nounexhibit, nounexpectations, nounex post facto law, nounexpropriate, verbextradite, verbextrajudicial, adjectivefair dealing, false representation, nounfee absolute, nounfiduciary, nounfiduciary, adjectivefinding, nounfirm name, nounfixtures and fittings, nounforce majeure, nounforeman, nounforewoman, nounfreeholder, nounfree pardon, nounfrustration of contract, fugitive, nounfugitive, adjectivegagging order, gag order, noungarnishee, verbgarnishee, noungeneral counsel, noungeneral practice, noungive, verbgrand jury, noungrantee, noungrantor, noungreen paper, noungross misconduct, ground rent, nounguarantee, verbguarantor, nounguaranty, nounguillotine, verbguilt, noungun control, nounhabeas corpus, nounHague Rules, nounhear, verbhearing, nounheir, nounheir apparent, nounhereafter, adverbhereditament, nounhereinafter, adverbhereof, adverbhereto, adverbheritable, adjectiveHigh Court, nounHighway Code, nounhirer, nounhuman right, nounimplied term, inadmissible, adjectiveinalienable, adjectiveincriminate, verbindemnify, verbindemnity, nounindict, verbindictable, adjectiveindictment, nounindustrial tribunal, nouninitiative, nouninjunction, nounin loco parentis, adverbinnocence, nouninnocent, adjectiveinoperative, adjectiveinquest, nouninsanity, nouninstruct, verbintellectual property, nounintent, nouninterdict, nouninterlocutory injunction, invoke, verbJane Doe, nounjob quota, joint and several liability, JP, nounjudge, nounjudge, verbjudicial, adjectivejuridical, adjectivejurisdiction, nounjurisprudence, nounjurist, nounjuror, nounjury, nounjury box, nounjury service, nounjustice, nounJustice of the Peace, nounjustifiable homicide, nounjuvenile, adjectivekangaroo court, nounKing's Counsel, nounlaw firm, nounlawyer, nounlease, nounleasehold, adjectiveleaseholder, nounlegatee, nounlegator, nounlessee, nounlessor, nounletters of administration, nounliable, adjectivelicensee, nounlien, nounlienee, nounlienor, nounlimited liability, nounliquidated damages, litigant, nounlitigate, verblitigation, nounlitigator, nounlitigious, adjectiveliving will, nounloophole, nounmagisterial, adjectivemagistracy, nounmagistrate, nounMagistrates' Court, nounmaintenance, nounmajority, nounmalfeasance, nounmalpractice, nounmarriage certificate, nounmarriage licence, nounmarriage lines, nounmaterial, adjectivematerial fact, nounmemorandum, nounmiscarriage of justice, nounmisdirect, verbmisfeasance, nounmisstatement, nounmistrial, nounM'lord, nounM'lud, nounmoiety, nounmonies, nounmoot court, nounmoratorium, nounmovable, nounno-fault, adjectivenolo contendere, nounnonfeasance, nounnon-negotiable, adjectivenotary, nounnuisance, nounnullify, verbnullity, nounoath, nounopen-and-shut case, nounopen verdict, nounoperative mistake, nounordinance, nounoriginating application, originating summons, outlaw, nounout-of-court settlement, nounoyez, interjectionpalimony, nounpanel, nounparalegal, nounpardon, verbpardon, nounparty, nounpass, verbpassage, nounpatent, nounpatent, adjectivepaternity, nounpaternity suit, nounpatrimony, nounpenal code, nounpenalty, nounperformance contract, perjury, nounpersonal injury, personal representative, personalty, nounpetition, nounpetition, verbpetitioner, nounplaintiff, nounplanning permission, nounplea bargaining, nounpleadings, nounpledgee, nounpolice, verbpositive discrimination, nounpower of attorney, nounprecedent, nounprejudice, verbpreservation order, nounpresume, verbprice-fixing, nounprima facie, adjectiveprimary residence, prime tenant, primogeniture, nounprivate law, nounprivileged, adjectiveprivity, nounprobate, nounprobate, verbprobation, nounprobationer, nounprobation officer, nounpro bono, adjectiveprocedural, adjectiveproceeding, nounproceedings, nounprohibit, verbprohibition, nounprohibitive, adjectivepromulgate, verbpronounce, verbproposition, nounproscribe, verbprosecute, verbprosecution, nounprosecutor, nounprotective custody, nounprove, verbprovision, nounprovisional licence, nounproximate cause, nounpublic defender, nounpublic prosecutor, nounpublic service vehicle, punishable, adjectiveQC, nounquarter sessions, nounquash, verbQueen's Counsel, nounreal property, nounrecess, nounrecess, verbrecognition, nounrecognizance, nounrecorder, nounreeve, nounregulation, nounremand, verbremand, nounrepeal, verbrescind, verbrespondent, nounrestoration, nounrestore, verbretainer, nounretrial, nounretroactive, adjectiveretrospective, adjectiveretry, verbreversion, nounrevocation, nounrevoke, verbRex, nounright of appeal, nounroad tax, nounroot of title, royalty payment, rule, verbruling, nounsaid, adjectivesalami slicing, nounSarbanes-Oxley Act, nounscheme of arrangement, nounsentence, nounsentence, verbsequester, verbsession, nounsettlement date, settlement terms, shall, modal verbshell company, sheriff, nounsheriff court, nounshow trial, nounsitting tenant, nounsmall claims court, nounsolicitor, nounsolicitor general, nounSOX, nounspecial licence, nounspecific performance, speed limit, nounstakeholder, nounstate attorney, nounstate court, nounstated case, statute, nounstatute law, nounstatute of limitations, nounstatutory, adjectivestatutory report, stay, nounstay of execution, nounstipendiary magistrate, nounstoppage in transit, nounsub judice, adverbsubmission, nounsuborn, verbsubpoena, nounsubpoena, verbsue, verbsuit, nounsumming up, nounsumming-up, nounsummons, nounsummons, verbSupreme Court, nounsurety, nounsuspended sentence, nounswear, verbtechnicality, nountenant at sufferance, nountenant at will, nountenant for years, nountenant in common, nountenure, nountestament, nountestator, nountest case, nountest certificate, nountestify, verbtestimony, nounthereinafter, adverbthird party, nounthrough, prepositionticket, nounticket, verbtitle, nountitle deed, nountitle holder, nountort, nountradename, nounTrading Standards, treasure trove, nountrespass, verbtrespass, nountrial, nountrust for sale, nounultra vires, adjectiveunderwriting power, undue influence, noununlicensed, adjectiveuphold, verbverdict, nounvindicate, verbvisa, nounvoucher, nounward, nounwarrant, nounwhereas, conjunctionwill, nounwill, verbwinding up, nounwitness, nounwitness, verbwitness box, nounwrit, nounwrongful termination,
Collocations
COLLOCATIONS FROM THE ENTRY Meanings 1 & 2verbs
· Do the police have any evidence against him?
(also obtain evidence formal)· The authorities failed to obtain enough evidence to convict him.
· Police experts are still collecting evidence at the scene of the crime.
· The investigation will look for evidence of financial mismanagement.
· The killer may have tried to burn the bodies in an attempt to hide the evidence.
(=deliberately put evidence somewhere to make someone look guilty)· He claims the evidence was planted there by the police.
(=find evidence and prepare it for a court case)· The case was adjourned to allow the police time to produce further evidence.
(=tell a court about what you have seen or know to be true)· Ms White has agreed to give evidence at their trial.
· Having considered all the evidence, the court found him not guilty.
adjectives
· There is clear evidence that smoking causes heart disease.
(=very clear evidence which proves that something is true)· They have no hard evidence to support their claim.
(=new evidence)· The police say they may have found fresh evidence which proves Tilly was at the scene of the crime.
· There isn’t any medical evidence to support the claim.
(=which people can trust or believe)· Do you think their evidence is reliable?
(=not good enough to make you believe something)· Their conclusions are drawn from some very flimsy evidence.
(=making you feel sure that something is true)· The data provides compelling evidence that the climate is changing.
(=when there is so much evidence that you are sure that something is true)· The evidence against him was overwhelming.
(=very strong evidence which cannot be disproved)· We need irrefutable evidence before making an arrest.· The government claims it has conclusive evidence of the country’s nuclear weapons programme.
(=pieces of evidence that support different conclusions)· With so much conflicting evidence, it’s almost impossible to make a decision.
(=making someone seem guilty of a crime)· The robbers were careful not to leave any incriminating evidence behind.
(=proving that someone has done something wrong)· Her testimony proved to be the most damning evidence against him.
(=evidence which makes something seem likely, but does not prove it)· His barrister claims the case against him is based on circumstantial evidence.
(=based on what people believe, rather than on facts)· Anecdotal evidence suggests that gang-related violence is on the increase.
(=based on scientific testing or practical experience)· Where is the empirical evidence to back up these claims?
(=acceptable in a court of law)· Her lawyer advised that the tape would not be admissible evidence in court.
phrases
· The study produced one interesting piece of evidence.
(=no evidence at all)· There is not one scrap of evidence against our client.
COMMON ERRORS ► Don’t say ‘true evidence’. Say reliable evidence.COLLOCATIONS FROM OTHER ENTRIES
 admissible evidence
 You’ll have ample time for questions later. There is ample evidence that climate patterns are changing.
 His findings are based on anecdotal evidence rather than serious research.
 The court was presented with compelling evidence that she’d murdered her husband.
 The investigation failed to provide any conclusive evidence.
· First, the police must have concrete evidence of an offence.
· The witnesses at the trial gave conflicting evidence.
· The prosecution had forgotten one piece of crucial evidence.
(=deliberately destroy evidence of a crime)· They set light to the car to destroy the evidence.
· There is no direct evidence that this causes any harm.
 One of the most useful sources of documentary evidence is maps.
 empirical evidence
 A hypothesis is tested by finding experimental evidence for it.
· Two doctors were called to give expert testimony at the inquiry.
 The police were accused of fabricating evidence.
 The evidence against him is extremely flimsy.
 Forensic experts found traces of blood in the car. a career in forensic science a forensic pathologist
 You may have to give evidence in court (=tell a court about what you have seen or know to be true).
 The evidence was ruled inadmissible.
 irrefutable proof of his innocence
 There’s mounting evidence of a link between obesity and some forms of cancer.
 a persuasive argument against capital punishment
· There is plenty of evidence that he is guilty.
 Several studies have shown that aggressive toys lead to bad behaviour.
 He does not have a shred of evidence (=he has no evidence at all) to prove his claim.
 The prosecution in this case has no solid evidence.
 The evidence suggests that single fathers are more likely to work than single mothers.
 The presence of dust clouds has been taken as evidence of recent star formation.
 He has no tangible evidence of John’s guilt.
 He was convicted on the uncorroborated evidence of the alleged victim.
(=a recording of events, used in a court)· Video evidence of illegal activities can later be used in court.
· The vital evidence contained in the file had disappeared.
· Child witnesses gave evidence using closed circuit television cameras.
COLLOCATIONS FROM THE CORPUSADJECTIVE
· However, while there is no proof, there is ample historical evidence to support many balance-of-power propositions.· I was also fairly sure we would find ample evidence of their connections to the increased arson and bombing attacks on clinics.· There is ample evidence, prosecutors say, that the police were ordered to make their killings as brutal as possible.· I have found ample evidence of the truth and timeliness of those warnings from Hudiburg.· With ample historical evidence on their side, the expansionists replied that visibility was a tested means of swelling research budgets.· Prumm also provides ample evidence for saying that there is little consensus concerning the nature or existence of Orphism.· And there is ample evidence of liveliness.· There is ample evidence that the centralized way of organizing and managing frustrates the elementary quest for freedom Tolstoy describes so eloquently.
· The report is backed up by anecdotal evidence from careers fairs.· There is no apparent conclusive scientific study, but the anecdotal evidence is strong that the herb is useful.· It is not merely anecdotal evidence.· The anecdotal evidence is supported Statistically.· The pictures of precision attacks provide only anecdotal evidence of effectiveness.· But anecdotal evidence from marriage counselors and other professionals suggests that divorce rates spike when the first child leaves home.· The alternatives to this approach fall into two distinct and equally unsatisfactory categories: 1. Anecdotal evidence, interpretation and prediction.· McLean had lots of anecdotal evidence in his training room Monday.
· Democrats immediately accused Thompson of going beyond the available evidence.· In carrying out the work, the research will draw on both the available documentary evidence and on interviews with key actors.· Send the expert all the available evidence.· We believe therefore that the available evidence strongly supports the use of full-dose aspirin as adjunctive therapy to thrombolysis.· But, on the basis of currently available evidence, uncertainty remains.· The available evidence does not support routine continuous fetal heart rate monitoring during all labours.· Science has to cling to the available evidence even in the teeth of seeming contradiction.
· They also provide circumstantial evidence for a close relationship between mind and brain.· The state will have to build its case with circumstantial evidence.· In 1994, Raddad was jailed for 18 years for Marchal's murder on the basis of circumstantial evidence.· They concede, however, that their case against Sharif rests on circumstantial evidence.· There is certainly accumulating circumstantial evidence to suggest that this is in fact the case.· There was circumstantial evidence a plenty to support the Shijingshan theory.· Unfortunately, there is no evidence to support this explanation, apart from some rather dubious circumstantial evidence.· The circumstantial evidence is merely overwhelming.
· However, there is no clear evidence that this is true.· There is no clear evidence of strong prejudice among young-old people against their elders in Britain.· This may be the clearest evidence of the change from the imported gold coin acting as a primitive valuable to primitive money.· The low circulation and poor distribution of leading literary journals provide clear evidence of the élitist character of the cultured few.· However, in the event of there being no clear evidence of what the partners intend, certain presumptions will apply.· The cameras provided clear and sufficient evidence of the identity, both of the vendors and the goods they produced.· Section 20 will come into operation in the absence of express agreement or other clear evidence of the intention of the partners.
· The results provide the most authoritative and conclusive evidence to date of some enduring inequities in participation in such facilities.· If he has conclusive evidence of crimes, so be it.· Pretty conclusive evidence you might think, but the Sharmas would not give up.· There is no conclusive evidence on this point, but scattered returns are suggestive.· This is hardly conclusive evidence for one theory or another.· Later, in the 1980s, conclusive evidence pointed to the fact that lead in the environment was affecting children's development.· Modern econometric work has found no conclusive evidence for the existence of a liquidity trap.
· This report provides the first direct evidence for expression of P3A + variant mRNA in human thymus.· This new instrument found the first direct evidence of solid matter surrounding stars other than our Sun.· Unfortunately, attractive as such mechanisms are, direct evidence for their involvement is very weak.· But he has no direct evidence of the frame-up.· We have recently produced direct evidence supporting the possibility of amplification of the birth weight-blood pressure relation in childhood.· There is no direct evidence of the prion hypothesis.· Accounting reports measure profit and therefore provide direct evidence as to the organization's performance in a year.· They were designed principally to search for direct and indirect evidence of life on the Martian surface.
· It is unusual to find documentary evidence earlier than the fifteenth century, and extremely fortunate to find actual details of buildings.· Only Hangleton, now buried beneath Hove, has been adequately excavated and the archaeological work related to documentary evidence.· The main input to the review process is documentary evidence.· The historian's problem is that there is insufficient archaeological or documentary evidence to establish the chronology of this process.· As it so happens, Columbus' personal reactions can be reconstructed in some detail from documentary evidence.· Moreover, there is documentary evidence that adolescents have always attended the game without the supervision of adults.· I was examining teachers and teaching in one school using such methods as participant observation, unstructured interviews and documentary evidence.· The idea of questioning is central to the chapters on reading, note making and documentary evidence.
· This is consistent with empirical evidence reported in some studies.· It is a myth that is clinically naive and will not stand up in the face of empirical evidence.· There is, furthermore, substantial empirical evidence of variations in local policy outputs.· The precepts of Centralism rest heavily on a base of ad hominem argumentation, not on empirical evidence of their effectiveness.· Nevertheless, the empirical evidence is that these contribute little to individual ageing.· The available empirical evidence indicates that all three explanations have some validity.· I shall come back to them at the end of this chapter, having reviewed the empirical evidence.· I will be considering the empirical evidence on the effectiveness of this particular mechanism in Chapter 9.
· Throughout the book, theoretical concepts and experimental evidence are integrated.· However, some suggestive experimental evidence is now available.· Though the theory was many years ahead of its time it was almost wholly guesswork and rested on no satisfactory contemporary experimental evidence.· Further, no firm experimental evidence shows that these drugs diminish regional cerebral blood flow in migraineurs.· Conversely, the fact that we are able to predict events is experimental evidence against singularities and for the no-boundary proposal.· Learning is not always used as soon as it is acquired: Edward Tolman gave experimental evidence for this latent learning.· They still require experimental evidence before they can be accepted as fact.· Most of the relevant experimental evidence on this issue comes not from studies of latent inhibition but from investigations of conditioning itself.
· There was no forensic evidence to link Mr Nichol to the attack.· Tiem and weather had worn away any forensic evidence.· The case against Coleman was largely circumstantial, supported by some inconclusive forensic evidence.· Gore then devised a plan to burn down the house, destroying any forensic evidence he might have left behind.· Miss Clare Reggiori, prosecuting, applied for a four-week remand in custody, saying forensic evidence needed to be examined.· In September 1990 a Home Office review concluded that there was no forensic evidence against the six.· Moreover they expect the commission to push for a more careful approach in other areas, in particular: Forensic evidence.· The forensic evidence dripped into the office.
· I think it unlikely that there is any further evidence which would put the question beyond doubt.· He has reached the point where he will not tolerate any further evidence of divided loyalties.· We suggest that this is further evidence that cardiovascular disease originates through programming in fetal life and infancy.· It is further evidence that its policies are merely the result of what its paymasters, the trade unions, say.· After hearing further evidence, they will rule on punitive damages.· The age-migration of accident victims is further evidence of the failure of existing approaches.· What is considered fact is that the behavior is further evidence of the disorder.
· This was a pseudo-historical theory for which there was no hard evidence.· But lack of documentation limits hard evidence.· At present, there is considerable speculation about developments in the Corridor but little hard evidence.· There is no hard evidence of files spirited away and even if they were, nobody knows whether they contain anything sinister.· To what extent is it founded on hard evidence?· The board reported in March that there is little hard evidence about the amount of this new type of fraud.· The results will delight Labour strategists, who for the first time have hard evidence the Tories have given up the battle.
· This early state was not constructed from proper historical evidence of any kind.· Analysts pointed out that there is little historical evidence to support this theory.· This was predictable, though, looking back at historical evidence relating to a Friday Christmas.· C., but biblical and historical evidence indicates that he actually was born several years earlier.· It is important to understand the problematic nature of historical evidence, its advantages and failings, its certainties and its contentions.· Locke faces the objection that there is no historical evidence for his account of the creation of political authority.· With ample historical evidence on their side, the expansionists replied that visibility was a tested means of swelling research budgets.· There is no historical evidence for the custom of releasing a prisoner at festival time, although such an amnesty was possible.
· The defence have said medical evidence gleaned from tests on Mr Harris' brain shows he suffers from a rare abnormality.· For there is by now a mountain of medical evidence that moderate consumption of alcohol dramatically lowers the risk of heart disease.· I was terrified Voice over Nottingham Crown court heard medical evidence showed Fisher took no sadistic pleasure in violent attacks on women.· Nick Clayton himself denied he had ever said the things relating to medical evidence that had been quoted.· But Taylor will insist on independent medical evidence if any selected players are withdrawn.· With the exception of certain areas of mental health, there appeared little clear medical evidence in support of these claims.· The story quoted him as saying there was medical evidence which showed that there had been abuse.· The medical evidence establishes that but for the accident, Fred would probably not have committed suicide.
· There is no new evidence that entitles us to start pulling ffeatherstonehaugh's apart.· Attorneys for the government contended that the agency must have the flexibility to change course when new evidence emerges.· The Commissioner of Police of the Metropolis has taken new evidence which has been received and is being assessed by my Department.· We may construct a picture to be corrected or filled in by further examination or the discovery of new evidence.· Mr Murphy's findings are borne out by new evidence of a decline in the use of legal aid.· While Samper was cleared of wrongdoing in December following a Congressional probe, the investigation could be reopened on new evidence.· They will be welcomed by police who say that new technology can lead to powerful new evidence being discovered after a trial.· Relatives of the men were confident the new evidence would eventually secure their release.
· He claimed scientific evidence had shown low levels of salmonella in water were not a risk to health.· Previously, scientific evidence was allowed only if it had gained the general acceptance of the scientific community.· Conversely, it takes a quite massive amount of scientific evidence to have a substance positively recommended for health.· Jones is mounting a vigorous legal and public relations challenge to the scientific evidence collected against his client.· Its aim was to examine scientific evidence on climate change, assess environmental and socio-economic impacts and formulate realistic response strategies.· Beginning in 1980 the Agriculture and Health departments have issued dietary guidelines every five years, based on the latest scientific evidence.· Secondly, they say there is no scientific evidence that whales are near extinction.· Two university psychology professors say they have scientific evidence that southerners are more prone to violence than northerners.
· There was strong evidence of a slow but methodical spread of this knowledge.· Perhaps the strongest evidence for the theory comes from ongoing studies of bacteria.· It also provided some of the strongest evidence to date that Sellafield did directly and routinely harm people's health.· Six of her seven hypotheses were supported by strong evidence.· The strongest evidence for such a contribution comes from studying the effects of removal of the primary visual cortex.· There does not seem to be any strong evidence for this.· So, the experiments produced strong evidence of a rhodopsin-like mechanism in the mites' extraocular receptors.· Certainly, there is little strong evidence of an unambiguous growth in permissive child-rearing practice, at least in the United Kingdom.
· Makkabaerbuch - I have never found it supported by sufficient evidence.· Not sufficient evidence for an arrest.· The basis for that submission was that the officers ought to have arrested offenders as soon as they had sufficient evidence.· In both instances the general test should be whether there was some reasonable or sufficient evidence to justify the action.· He has a confidence, typical of his time, that the works of nature provide sufficient evidence of a Deity.· While perfect certainty that an element exists is not needed for recognition, there must be sufficient evidence that this is so.· In his opening statement, defense attorney Estelito Mendoza insisted that prosecutors do not have sufficient evidence for a conviction.· Unsupported representations, whether oral or written, do not of themselves constitute sufficient audit evidence.
VERB
· We take the view that the judge was right to admit the evidence.· It must be remembered, however, that the Order only permits the court to admit hearsay evidence.· They admitted manslaughter and gave evidence against Allen.· Ridgeway strongly resisted freeing the men, though he admitted that the evidence placed before the court had not demonstrated their guilt.· It seemed so incredible that his mind failed to admit the evidence of his ears and eyes.· The decision whether to admit or exclude evidence lay with the court of trial.
· They had little difficulty in finding abundant evidence for this hypothesis.· He found no evidence that a matriarchy had ever existed or is in any way emerging today.· For spot and futures returns over five-minute periods, he found evidence that futures returns led spot returns by up to fifteen minutes.· Mellaart found no evidence of actual animal worship at Catal Huyuk.· This study finds evidence for net benefits for all the member states.· But they found no evidence of medical negligence.· Using it, Narin finds no evidence whatsoever for economies of scale in the production of papers.· Confirmation of abuse means an investigator found evidence that abuse occurred.
· You used to have to go to London to the Old Bailey, giving evidence and anything like that.· A Mr Ashton had given evidence to the Inquiry and quoted a third party, who appeared to criticise its works.· Two men are accused of murdering the informer to stop him giving evidence at an armed robbery trial.· Crosse reported this and gave evidence at Lee's trial.· Learning is not always used as soon as it is acquired: Edward Tolman gave experimental evidence for this latent learning.· Neither Bream nor O'Leary gave evidence.· He gave evidence in a low, strained voice, often scratching vivid red scars on his face, chin and neck.
· They heard the Crown's evidence and convicted.· The Disciplinary Board is responsible for hearing evidence and making decisions on ethical complaints filed against lawyers practicing law in North Dakota.· He is also due in Orkney this morning to hear evidence from concerned councillors and officials as part of his inquiry.· After hearing further evidence, they will rule on punitive damages.· Bodiless voices, such as a schizophrenic might hear, gave evidence.· He or she will hear evidence from the council, the applicant, neighbours and local groups.· I have heard the evidence of the surgeon, who is in charge of this patient at the hospital.· Last month, the appeal court had heard fresh evidence from two witnesses not called to give evidence at Smith's trial.
· Relevance Lost opened the debate, and in the subsequent years many authors have followed to offer similar evidence.· Moreover, language change offers important indirect evidence about the nature of human language namely, that it is rule-governed.· Unfortunately, you don't offer any evidence that this would be desirable.· A lawyer shall not knowingly... offer evidence that the lawyer knows to be false.· But anyone working in this field will receive from time to time invitations to offer evidence as an expert witness in such cases.· On one hand, Eriksson needs a convincing public-relations exercise and a squad that offers evidence for optimism.· Each University faculty will now require to decide which modules offer the appropriate evidence of academic potential for specific courses.
· Allow me to present the evidence and then reach your own verdict.· Absolutely, and Holden himself presented the evidence.· In any case it is the role of the Reporter to present the evidence and argue the case before the Sheriff.· And considering that his claim of an 85 percent cure rate was presented without any supporting evidence.· Lawyers said the prosecution was allowed to present evidence, but that there was no mention of any defence evidence.· Here we present neurological evidence for the former view from studies of a brain-injured patient with visual neglect.· I was unable to look directly at the policeman while he presented his evidence.· We can present arguments and evidence about this.
· He then handed me two grand-jury subpoenas, one to produce physical evidence a blood specimen and one to testify.· Would Stan Gooch please produce some evidence to prove his figures?· Democrats on the panel said seven separate investigations into the travel office affair have produced no evidence of illegality or impropriety.· The gun had been produced as evidence.· The hon. Gentleman has not produced evidence of a general trend.· Meanwhile the police have produced new evidence which they hope will lead them to the killer.
· It would be Kirov's job to turn those rumours into reality, provide evidence which would damn him for ever.· This should provide evidence of interest and motivation in as many areas as possible of art, craft, design and architecture.· These provide evidence to substantiate the loss and prevent possible fraudulent claims.· The Government Agencies in this case have not been unwilling to provide evidence, I must acknowledge that.· This provides strong evidence that the hybridization signals obtained are highly specific and due to the transfected plasmid.· The pictures of precision attacks provide only anecdotal evidence of effectiveness.· Religious writings provide no real evidence and must be ignored.· This latter finding provides further evidence of the in vivo platelet activation and release reaction.
· Both polar regions show evidence of more extensive glaciation in the recent past.· Those spikes showed evidence of having been inside a live tree.· You swagger in here, into my lady's chamber, and shout allegations yet show no evidence.· Her body showed evidence of food.· The great majority of the children recovered very quickly after a quarrel and showed no evidence of resentment.· The device showed evidence of much tinkering, and was clearly not yet functional.· Our patient thus failed to show evidence of portal hypertension.· Rocks in many places show evidence of such physical deformation.
· There is little evidence to suggest voters voting for a particular party because of its stand on a particular issue.· This myth survives even though there is not a lot of evidence to suggest that it is true.· In short, the latest evidence does not suggest that giving more tax relief will promote much more giving.· The court held that there was no evidence to suggest that the decision to exclude was unreasonable on Wednesbury grounds.· The evidence suggests that Gilmore won in spite of his ties to the religious right.· The location of these buildings and the limited dating evidence strongly suggests that all three are relatively late in the morphological sequence.· Their rich and complex evidence will suggest an appropriate verdict on the civilization they interpret.
· Makkabaerbuch - I have never found it supported by sufficient evidence.· In regard to supporting evidence, be sure to use every possible source including personal interviews with authorities in the field.· It can not be supported by evidence.· Both strategies are well supported by evidence and medical consensus.· Since her contentions are not supported by evidence, her allegations should not be confused with fact.· Other supporting evidence for the use of different sand sources can be found in the analytical data.· Six of her seven hypotheses were supported by strong evidence.
Phrases
PHRASES FROM THE ENTRY
  • The police were very much in evidence at the protest.
  • A full centralisation of structure and a more flowing and energetic style - often with greater pictorial content - is in evidence.
  • Although no birds are in evidence, it is assumed that this Labour is indicated.
  • His playfulness is in evidence this day, too.
  • No relief attempt was in evidence.
  • Not many of them were in evidence yesterday, when the first proper snap of autumn was in the air.
  • The soldiers are now housed in five-man rooms; duvets, music systems and the occasional television are in evidence.
  • These had been present since early in her life and were in evidence during the play I observed with her parents.
  • Unfortunately, only the cheerleaders were in evidence last night.
PHRASES FROM OTHER ENTRIES► admit evidence
  • A decision is made only on the balance of probabilities.
  • After looking at the credentials for miraculous claims, Hume came to the conclusion that the balance of probabilities counted against them.
  • All those defences are for the defendant to establish on the balance of probabilities.
  • The burden of proof in establishing the defence is upon the defendant on the balance of probabilities.
  • But it also held evidence to the contrary.
  • Despite all evidence to the contrary, the list price of the SE-40 is $ 980.
  • Despite the evidence to the contrary, most of Monday morning's newspapers subscribed to the Army's version.
  • Indeed, there is a good deal of evidence to the contrary.
  • This, despite the evidence to the contrary that had surfaced since the Fort Lauderdale conference.
  • Though many more polar homeotherms have been examined since then, evidence to the contrary has been slight.
  • True he was not, so far as we know, misogynist: there is evidence to the contrary.
  • Without evidence to the contrary, it may be unwise to go against the behavior suggested as appropriate by the myth.
  • But lack of documentation limits hard evidence.
  • But, again, the commission found no hard evidence that Mr Wahid had lied or misused the money.
  • For a few minutes longer Isabel tried to sort out hard facts from vague suspicions, with little success.
  • Its record provides hard evidence to support his picture of a service in rude health rather than decline.
  • Nothing in the way of hard facts, in any event.
  • There are surely many answers to this question, not one of which is impeccably established by hard evidence.
  • There is no hard evidence of files spirited away and even if they were, nobody knows whether they contain anything sinister.
  • This was a pseudo-historical theory for which there was no hard evidence.
► turn King’s evidence► not a particle of truth/evidence etc
  • A clearer view exists of what services are not than of any positive identification of their characteristics.
  • After setting up the frequency, make sure of positive identification. 2.
  • Check the call-sign twice for positive identification.
  • However, the issue is settled by positive evidence not by ingenious explanation of the failure to confirm the idea.
  • I was hoping for a positive identification.
  • Just when these walls were later added remains a vexing question as so little positive evidence has even now been recovered.
  • The fact that attempts are made to restore it is positive proof.
  • They look for positive evidence that the business is soundly based and a good lending risk.
  • At sentencing, the judge found by a preponderance of the evidence that Putra had been involved in both transactions.
► turn Queen’s evidence
  • If both turn state's evidence, the five-year rule applies.
  • The application was based on a sworn statement from a lay midwife who said she attended his birth in La Paloma.
  • The reports were based on sworn statements of graduates of the camp, whose seven-month training including the use of explosives.
  • This is confirmed by her not going against her sworn statement, unlawfully though it had been extracted from her.
  • This meant that sworn statements by Mitchell, Stans and others would not be made public before the election.
  • Years later her parents made a sworn statement testifying that the couple had met in July 1917.
1[uncountable] facts or signs that show clearly that something exists or is trueevidence of At present we have no evidence of life on other planets.evidence for There is no evidence for these claims.evidence that Do you have evidence that this treatment works?► see thesaurus at sign2[uncountable] information that is given in a court of law in order to prove that someone is guilty or not guilty:  Murrow’s evidence was enough to convict Hayes of murder. He refused to give evidence at the trial.evidence against There was very little evidence against the two men.in evidence The documents may be used in evidence at the trial.3be in evidence formal to be present and easily seen or noticed:  The police are always in evidence at football matches. → king's evidence, Queen's evidence, State's evidenceGRAMMAR: Countable or uncountable?• Evidence is an uncountable noun and is not used in the plural. You say: · The judge listened to all the evidence. ✗Don’t say: The judge listened to all the evidences.• Evidence is always followed by a singular verb: · The evidence is very clear.• When talking about one fact or sign, you say a piece of evidence: · The police found a vital piece of evidence.COLLOCATIONS– Meanings 1 & 2verbshave evidence· Do the police have any evidence against him?find evidence (also obtain evidence formal)· The authorities failed to obtain enough evidence to convict him.gather/collect evidence· Police experts are still collecting evidence at the scene of the crime.look for/search for evidence· The investigation will look for evidence of financial mismanagement.hide evidence· The killer may have tried to burn the bodies in an attempt to hide the evidence.plant evidence (=deliberately put evidence somewhere to make someone look guilty)· He claims the evidence was planted there by the police.produce evidence (=find evidence and prepare it for a court case)· The case was adjourned to allow the police time to produce further evidence.give evidence (=tell a court about what you have seen or know to be true)· Ms White has agreed to give evidence at their trial.consider/examine/study the evidence· Having considered all the evidence, the court found him not guilty.adjectivesgood/clear/strong evidence· There is clear evidence that smoking causes heart disease.hard evidence (=very clear evidence which proves that something is true)· They have no hard evidence to support their claim.fresh evidence (=new evidence)· The police say they may have found fresh evidence which proves Tilly was at the scene of the crime.medical/scientific evidence· There isn’t any medical evidence to support the claim.reliable/credible (=which people can trust or believe)· Do you think their evidence is reliable?flimsy (=not good enough to make you believe something)· Their conclusions are drawn from some very flimsy evidence.convincing/compelling (=making you feel sure that something is true)· The data provides compelling evidence that the climate is changing.overwhelming (=when there is so much evidence that you are sure that something is true)· The evidence against him was overwhelming.conclusive/incontrovertible/irrefutable evidence (=very strong evidence which cannot be disproved)· We need irrefutable evidence before making an arrest.· The government claims it has conclusive evidence of the country’s nuclear weapons programme.conflicting evidence (=pieces of evidence that support different conclusions)· With so much conflicting evidence, it’s almost impossible to make a decision.incriminating evidence (=making someone seem guilty of a crime)· The robbers were careful not to leave any incriminating evidence behind.damning evidence (=proving that someone has done something wrong)· Her testimony proved to be the most damning evidence against him.circumstantial evidence (=evidence which makes something seem likely, but does not prove it)· His barrister claims the case against him is based on circumstantial evidence.anecdotal evidence (=based on what people believe, rather than on facts)· Anecdotal evidence suggests that gang-related violence is on the increase.empirical evidence (=based on scientific testing or practical experience)· Where is the empirical evidence to back up these claims?admissible evidence (=acceptable in a court of law)· Her lawyer advised that the tape would not be admissible evidence in court.phrasesa piece of evidence· The study produced one interesting piece of evidence.not a scrap/shred of evidence (=no evidence at all)· There is not one scrap of evidence against our client.COMMON ERRORS ► Don’t say ‘true evidence’. Say reliable evidence.
evidence1 nounevidence2 verb
evidenceevidence2 verb [transitive] Examples
EXAMPLES FROM THE CORPUS
  • A belief in unseen forces, perhaps, which in Auerbach's paintings are evidenced by angular vectors in the sky.
  • However, seat belts also involve a degree of inconvenience, as evidenced by the unwillingness of many people to use them.
  • Iron deficiency anemia, as evidenced by a high prevalence of low hemoglobin levels, was a widespread problem.
  • Some of them have been visiting inappropriate Web sites, as was evidenced by the History folder.
  • The Empire and the superiority it evidenced, was just the way things were, entirely natural.
  • The split between rich and poor teams has grown wider, evidenced by the few clubs going after high-priced free agents.
  • This was evidenced by the continuation of her long-established teaching methods and forms of classroom organisation between sessions with the advisory teacher.
Collocations
COLLOCATIONS FROM OTHER ENTRIES
 admissible evidence
 You’ll have ample time for questions later. There is ample evidence that climate patterns are changing.
 His findings are based on anecdotal evidence rather than serious research.
 The court was presented with compelling evidence that she’d murdered her husband.
 The investigation failed to provide any conclusive evidence.
· First, the police must have concrete evidence of an offence.
· The witnesses at the trial gave conflicting evidence.
· The prosecution had forgotten one piece of crucial evidence.
(=deliberately destroy evidence of a crime)· They set light to the car to destroy the evidence.
· There is no direct evidence that this causes any harm.
 One of the most useful sources of documentary evidence is maps.
 empirical evidence
 A hypothesis is tested by finding experimental evidence for it.
· Two doctors were called to give expert testimony at the inquiry.
 The police were accused of fabricating evidence.
 The evidence against him is extremely flimsy.
 Forensic experts found traces of blood in the car. a career in forensic science a forensic pathologist
 You may have to give evidence in court (=tell a court about what you have seen or know to be true).
 The evidence was ruled inadmissible.
 irrefutable proof of his innocence
 There’s mounting evidence of a link between obesity and some forms of cancer.
 a persuasive argument against capital punishment
· There is plenty of evidence that he is guilty.
 Several studies have shown that aggressive toys lead to bad behaviour.
 He does not have a shred of evidence (=he has no evidence at all) to prove his claim.
 The prosecution in this case has no solid evidence.
 The evidence suggests that single fathers are more likely to work than single mothers.
 The presence of dust clouds has been taken as evidence of recent star formation.
 He has no tangible evidence of John’s guilt.
 He was convicted on the uncorroborated evidence of the alleged victim.
(=a recording of events, used in a court)· Video evidence of illegal activities can later be used in court.
· The vital evidence contained in the file had disappeared.
· Child witnesses gave evidence using closed circuit television cameras.
COLLOCATIONS FROM THE CORPUSNOUN
· The husband and wife may agree that the joint tenancy should be severed but if so they should properly evidence that fact.· That is evidenced by the fact that 45 percent of our adoptions are interracial....
Phrases
PHRASES FROM OTHER ENTRIES► admit evidence
  • A decision is made only on the balance of probabilities.
  • After looking at the credentials for miraculous claims, Hume came to the conclusion that the balance of probabilities counted against them.
  • All those defences are for the defendant to establish on the balance of probabilities.
  • The burden of proof in establishing the defence is upon the defendant on the balance of probabilities.
  • But it also held evidence to the contrary.
  • Despite all evidence to the contrary, the list price of the SE-40 is $ 980.
  • Despite the evidence to the contrary, most of Monday morning's newspapers subscribed to the Army's version.
  • Indeed, there is a good deal of evidence to the contrary.
  • This, despite the evidence to the contrary that had surfaced since the Fort Lauderdale conference.
  • Though many more polar homeotherms have been examined since then, evidence to the contrary has been slight.
  • True he was not, so far as we know, misogynist: there is evidence to the contrary.
  • Without evidence to the contrary, it may be unwise to go against the behavior suggested as appropriate by the myth.
  • But lack of documentation limits hard evidence.
  • But, again, the commission found no hard evidence that Mr Wahid had lied or misused the money.
  • For a few minutes longer Isabel tried to sort out hard facts from vague suspicions, with little success.
  • Its record provides hard evidence to support his picture of a service in rude health rather than decline.
  • Nothing in the way of hard facts, in any event.
  • There are surely many answers to this question, not one of which is impeccably established by hard evidence.
  • There is no hard evidence of files spirited away and even if they were, nobody knows whether they contain anything sinister.
  • This was a pseudo-historical theory for which there was no hard evidence.
► turn King’s evidence► not a particle of truth/evidence etc
  • A clearer view exists of what services are not than of any positive identification of their characteristics.
  • After setting up the frequency, make sure of positive identification. 2.
  • Check the call-sign twice for positive identification.
  • However, the issue is settled by positive evidence not by ingenious explanation of the failure to confirm the idea.
  • I was hoping for a positive identification.
  • Just when these walls were later added remains a vexing question as so little positive evidence has even now been recovered.
  • The fact that attempts are made to restore it is positive proof.
  • They look for positive evidence that the business is soundly based and a good lending risk.
  • At sentencing, the judge found by a preponderance of the evidence that Putra had been involved in both transactions.
► turn Queen’s evidence
  • If both turn state's evidence, the five-year rule applies.
  • The application was based on a sworn statement from a lay midwife who said she attended his birth in La Paloma.
  • The reports were based on sworn statements of graduates of the camp, whose seven-month training including the use of explosives.
  • This is confirmed by her not going against her sworn statement, unlawfully though it had been extracted from her.
  • This meant that sworn statements by Mitchell, Stans and others would not be made public before the election.
  • Years later her parents made a sworn statement testifying that the couple had met in July 1917.
 formal to show that something exists or is trueas (is) evidenced by The volcano is still active, as evidenced by the recent eruption.GRAMMAR Evidence is usually passive.
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