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单词 existence
释义
existenceex‧ist‧ence /ɪɡˈzɪstəns/ ●●○ W2 noun Examples
EXAMPLES FROM OTHER DICTIONARIES
  • Elena faced a lonely existence in the big city.
  • For the first time she began to doubt the existence of God.
  • The workers lived a miserable existence and were treated like serfs.
  • Today there are less than 100 copies of the book still in existence.
EXAMPLES FROM THE CORPUS
  • Culture is derived as a historical force prior to the existence of any individual subject, but is only realizable through agency.
  • It's not that my family deliberately kept Fred's existence a secret.
  • It also exposes the fallacy of thinking that every possible world might come into existence sooner or later.
  • It is probable that a maypole tradition had already been in existence for many years, if not centuries.
  • It is the fastest, most effective way to build muscles in existence.
  • One consequence of reflection is the existence of standing waves on the line.
  • Sovereigns are born for an active life, and not for an idle or contemplative existence.
  • The existence of such systems is less important than the fact that they are technically feasible and get reported as such.
Thesaurus
Longman Language Activatorto exist
to be something that is really present or living: · Do you think ghosts really exist?· The blue whale is the largest creature that has ever existed on earth.· We can't continue to pretend that the problem of homelessness doesn't exist in this city.there exists/there exist: · There now exists a significant body of scientific research on the subject.
if you say there is something, you mean that it exists: · Is there life on other planets?· There's no evidence to prove that Gray is the murderer.· There are hundreds of different computer programs designed specifically for children.· I didn't know there was Chinese restaurant in your neighborhood.
to exist in a particular place, or inside a particular thing: · Otters are still found in some parts of Britain.· Vitamin C is found in green vegetables and fresh fruit.can be found: · Other examples of this type of romantic poem can be found throughout history.
if something such as a particular type of substance or illness occurs in a particular place, it exists there - used especially in scientific contexts: occur in: · The disease occurs mainly in children, but can also occur in adults.· Chromium and nickel occur commonly in areas which are also rich in magnesium.· The Japanese "f' sound does not occur in European languages.
when something exists: the existence of something: · For the first time she began to doubt the existence of God.in existence: · Today there are less than 100 copies of the book still in existence.· The organization has been in existence for only 18 months.
the kind of life that someone has
the kind of life that someone has: · Having a baby completely changes your life.a happy/busy/exciting etc life: · Debbie has a really busy life, doesn't she?· They enjoyed a full and happy life together until his death in June l999.lead a happy/quiet/exciting etc life: · We've led a very quiet life since Ralph retired.quality of life (=the level of health, comfort and pleasure in someone's life): · By our actions today, we can improve the quality of life for future generations.a better life: · Immigrating to the UK was their only chance for a better life.a life of crime (=when you make money by committing crimes instead of having a normal job): · He left school at 15, quickly turning to a life of crime.
the life that someone has, especially when they have difficult or bad experiences: a lonely/miserable/unhappy etc existence: · Elena faced a lonely existence in the big city.lead a miserable/lonely etc existence (=have a particular existence): · The workers lived a miserable existence and were treated like serfs.
the way someone lives and behaves, and the type of things they buy, eat etc: a healthy lifestyle: · You really need to think about leading a healthier lifestyle.lavish/luxurious lifestyle (=the lifestyle of someone who is very rich): · Hurst's lavish lifestyle is the stuff of legend.extravagant lifestyle (=a lifestyle that shows people how rich you are): · Even when in debt, he continued to enjoy an extravagant lifestyle.
the way in which a person or group of people lives, and the type of things they usually do: somebody's way of life: · "How can we abandon our way of life?" asked the old sheep herder. "It's all we know."become a way of life: · Casual dress has become a way of life in corporate Britain.the British/German/American etc way of life: · Shopping is an important part of the American way of life.
to live your life in a particular way: · Tom and Linda both earn good salaries -- they live well and have a nice home.· One can live cheaply in London, although it's not easy.
to start to exist
if something such as an organization or a country comes into being or into existence , it starts to exist: · Pakistan came into existence as an independent country in 1947.· Darwin's theory of evolution explains how different species came into being.
to suddenly start to exist in a very short period of time: · Dozens of websites have sprung up to provide information for travelers.· New dot.com companies are springing up all the time.
if something such as a problem, a difficulty, or an argument arises , it appears or starts, usually as a result of something else happening: · When a conflict arises in the workplace, you should aim to repair the relationship as quickly as possible.arise from/out of: · Low achievement at school often arises from poverty and bad social conditions.if/when/should etc the need arise (=if etc it becomes necessary): · All staff are expected to do some overtime, if the need arises.
if an important idea, group, or organization is born , it starts to exist - use this especially when you are describing the history of something: : · With the invention of the electric guitar, rock 'n' roll was born.· Picasso was painting pictures in a Cubist style long before the Cubist movement was born.
when something new starts to exist or be used: · The arrival of the railroads after the Civil War produced a huge building boom in California.· the arrival of gene technology
to continue to live a normal life even though you have very little money
· When I look at how much we spend on food, I wonder how unemployed people are able to survive.survive on £100 a week/a small income etc · It's really difficult to survive on £120 a week in London.· I don't know how they expect me to survive on my salary.
to have enough money to buy the things you need to live: · We don't have a lot of money to spend on luxuries, but we get by.get by on $5 a day/a small income etc: · When I was at college I used to be able to get by on $20 a week.
if someone lives on a particular amount of money, this is all the money that they have to buy everything that they need: · How much do you need to live on?· $35,000 a year sounds like a lot of money, but it's scarcely enough to live on in New York.
if it is difficult for you to make ends meet , it is difficult for you to pay for the things that you need in order to live: · Old people on pensions are finding it hard to make ends meet.· My mother had to work 12 hours a day in a factory just to make ends meet.
to have just enough money to pay your debts or to avoid closing your business: · I'm just a pensioner, trying to keep my head above water.· Schools throughout the county are struggling to keep their heads above water.
formal if someone subsists on a very small amount of money or a very small amount of food, this is all they have to live on: · They subsist on eggs and beans most of the time.subsist on a dollar a day/a small income etc: · The workers are expected to subsist on a dollar a day.
to get just enough food or money to live on by doing a particular kind of work: · She eked out a living by selling firewood.· Farmers eked out a primitive existence on the dry, stony land.
Collocations
COLLOCATIONS FROM THE ENTRY Meaning 1verbs
(=start to exist)· Pakistan came into existence as an independent country in 1947.
(=suddenly start to exist)· After the invasion, a French resistance movement sprang into existence.
formal (=make something start to exist)· The state must follow the terms of the treaty that brought it into existence.
(=stop existing)· If a buyer isn't found, this famous old club could go out of existence.
(=agree that something exists)· They organization finally acknowledged the existence of a problem.
(=prove that something exists)· The images confirm the existence of water on the planet's surface.
(=say that something does not exists)· He strongly denied the existence of God.
(=not believe that something exists)· Some people doubt the existence of life at the very bottom of the ocean.
(=make it likely that something will stop existing)· The strike could jeopardize the existence of his company.
(=be able to exist because of something)· The birds owe their existence to the fact that there are no natural predators on the island.
adjectives
· The band had rather a brief existence.· The show's existence was extremely short.
· Darwin's theory of natural selection changed our view of human existence forever.
· The university's very existence is at stake.
· Poaching now threatens the animal's actual existence.
· The city's continued existence is threatened by rising water levels.
(=just the fact that something exists)· The mere existence of a contract does not guarantee that you will be paid.
 Meaning 2adjectives
(=someone's normal life that is the same most days)· He saw drugs as a way of escaping the tedium of his everyday existence.
(=without anyone else with you)· Male bears live a mostly solitary existence, away from the female and cubs.
(=very unpleasant)· The refugees had to endure a miserable existence in the desert.
· I was overjoyed at the prospect of leaving my routine existence behind.
(=without much money)· He led a hard and frugal existence.
(=with just enough food or money to live)· The survivors lived a hand-to-mouth existence until they were rescued.
(=only just managing to live)· The islanders, who rely solely on the sea to provide food, have a precarious existence.
(=with plenty of food and money)· He left behind his comfortable existence to become a monk.
· The various tribes on the island enjoyed a relatively peaceful existence.
· He led a quiet existence, broken only by occasional visits from his family.
(=life in the country/city/suburbs)· The girls hated their drab suburban existence.
verbs
· The women lead a miserable existence.
· They enjoy a comfortable existence.
COLLOCATIONS FROM OTHER ENTRIES
· The government has denied the existence of any political prisoners in the country.
· Philosophers argued about the existence of God.
 the prisoners’ humdrum routine
 They lead a nomadic existence.
 He led a lonely life with few friends.
· These pictures do not prove the existence of water on Mars.
· If the new project fails, it could threaten the very existence of the company.
COLLOCATIONS FROM THE CORPUSADJECTIVE
· If you were not aware of its existence before, you will be now!· The narrator can't be sure but guesses he wasn't even aware of the existence of the flowers.· Geologists are aware of the existence of 2000 or more minerals with an amazing variety of properties.· Sellers should be aware of their existence, for sometimes their effect can be devastating.· The important point is that librarians may at least be aware of its existence.· Maybe they are aware of our existence but don't want to reveal themselves to us.· It is to be regretted that so few people in the county are aware of its existence.
· The importance that the New Critics attribute to meaning and to vision necessitates the continued existence of the author.· The issues raised are fundamental, casting doubt on the continued existence of member states in their present form.· Which raised the problem of my own continued existence.· Derek's father never recovered from this loss and refused to acknowledge the younger child's previous or continued existence.· So the continued existence of the species, Man, remains in doubt.· For Franco, the most problematical feature within the Nationalist zone was the continued existence of independent and competing political movements.· They multiply this benefit by the likelihood that their personal contribution to the interest group will determine its success or continued existence.
· To human beings the existence of exploitative relations of production would be agonizing were they perceived simply as exploitative.· It was so big and so full of edibles that I recognized it as the true cathedral to human existence.· For the majority of human existence, therefore, only archaeological evidence can give clues about the past.· For as we noted in the introduction, the job is not a timeless fact of human existence.· Not so in the United States, where the very definition of human existence is the bread and butter of political debate.· The three faiths all taught profoundly skeptical views of human existence.· He would lie abed in the darkened dormitory, sensing a sloshing sea of human and mutant existence surrounding him.· All of human existence was no more than a huge address book.
· But the object of parenthood was just this, to fit your children for an independent existence.· Moreover, we must not forget that the 895 phonetics identified by Soothill have an independent existence.· It is said to be a luminous and dynamic nature capable of independent existence apart from its physical counterpart.· A similar trend is also developing whereby parents sell their home when their children have established an independent existence.· In the process of transmission the message does not have an independent existence.· Congress once had an independent existence.· It is not enough to say that the compiler has inserted a story that once had a quite independent existence.
· For Oakeshott the authority of respublica does not arise from the mere existence of a rule of recognition.· Whybrew, at 79, is still very much alive and feeling lucky, but for reasons richer than mere existence.· Chopra had felt pain; the pain of mere existence.· What these entities ultimately accomplish may be academic; but their mere existence should give doomsayers cause for hope.· But it is clear that the mere existence of an alternative remedy does not oust judicial review.· The mere existence of unsolved puzzles within a paradigm does not constitute a crisis.· But the mere existence of such contacts did not mean very much.
· He also recognises that in a free society values may develop which are alien to its very existence.· First, there is the obvious point that the very existence of private legislation procedure may not necessarily be recognised.· Its birthday - its very existence - is being celebrated in a new book by Susan Basnett.· The very existence of such a fund serves to emphasise the inequity of the present law.· By its very existence it would start to replace the existing faiths.· One would have thought that its very existence would be some sort of deterrent.· So, for example, the very existence of a product range is, in itself, a selling point for a product.
VERB
· Yet when we are involved personally we are forced to acknowledge their existence and to try to understand them.· Last September, seeking to strengthen his growing congregation and acknowledge its existence in the community at large, Rev.· Weber acknowledged their existence but did not discuss them.· Men who had recently found it difficult to acknowledge his existence now sought his advice.· When he did acknowledge her existence he talked in dismissive and unrealistic terms.· It was the only time that Father acknowledged the existence of spirits.· He made it clear he could never acknowledge my existence to his family and I didn't expect him to.· Dear Harsnet, he wrote, why do you persist in this rigmarole of refusing even to acknowledge my existence?
· Zeus brings into existence and controls what he has created.· It is brought into existence precisely to enable a specific purpose to be realised.· Is the ultimate unified theory so compelling that it brings about its own existence?· One has to bring into existence a latent power capable of doing this.· What's more, you see, Jed's group is on the point of bringing Satan into corporeal existence.· Unemployment has played a crucial role both in bringing the underclass into existence and to locking it in place.
· But another kind of question is how the complicated thing came into existence in the first place.· Only when the very complicated structure of the brain exists will smells come into existence.· Do, Aristotle asked, all the parts of the embryo come into existence together, or do they appear in succession?· The work of Wordsworth came into existence at the same time as the growing desperation in the cotton mills.· Gerry: It's really strange how the special interest groups of oppressed people came into existence.· The universe just came into existence by chance, for no reason, and that is that.· The words came into existence but not before he had analysed, accepted them, agreed to make them real.· Since deregulation in 1979, dozens of airlines have gone out of business and dozens more have come into existence.
· The chief means of proactive enforcement is routine sampling, which will bring to light or confirm the existence of persistent pollutions.· It was the medium through which he perceived his own soul, the formula through which he could confirm his own existence.· In fieldwork, you are really looking for anything that might confirm the existence of a ley.· Because Burns refused to discuss intelligence issues, he did not confirm or deny the existence of the intelligence report.· Dozens of eyewitness accounts confirmed the existence of these discreet departures to destinations far from Kosovo.· The developments remain top secret and no-one from the factory or the team would confirm or deny the existence of the kit.· It is equally important that the practice of not confirming or denying the existence of a warrant is maintained consistently.
· Similar advantages to the continued existence of other sorts of transposable element will probably turn up when people start looking in detail.· Pastor Braun was periodically called to Berlin to justify the continued existence of the Institution and its inmates.· I didn't see it as a choice between that and continuing an illegal existence.· The infant can not continue its own existence without dependence on others.· Acquiescence in the continued existence of these weapons is intolerable.· Groups in other countries are known to have continued in existence for many years.· Because I think the Net fundamentally undermines the continued existence of the nation-state, which is already past its economic usefulness.· They note the continued existence of large numbers of low-paying, low-skill jobs.
· Few would deny the existence of class differences.· It is perhaps no wonder that young botanists and foresters deny its existence.· No doubt this is the truth on which Hume relied in denying the existence of the Self as commonly conceived.· The organization may simply deny the existence of these consequences or look on them as the inevitable costs of doing business.· How can a child or young person immediately grieve for some one who denies their existence in that way?· Because Burns refused to discuss intelligence issues, he did not confirm or deny the existence of the intelligence report.· So the idea is that you have to pretend not to have periods, deny their existence.· No universe is possible that denies the existence of that mind.
· Tory Trotskyism wants to create the revolutionary conditions that will justify its existence.· Pastor Braun was periodically called to Berlin to justify the continued existence of the Institution and its inmates.· Since the cold war ended, many state intelligence agencies have struggled to justify their existence.· Pressing public necessity may sometimes justify the existence of such restrictions; racial antagonism never can....· Is necessity the test that critics must meet to justify their existence?· In ideas, our movement has been very productive, more than justifying its existence by this alone.· We had to work hard to justify our existence.· If its artists were consistently fresh and challenging, it would justify its existence easily.
· Durkheim was a very austere man who led a rigidly timetabled existence and refused to talk to his family except at mealtimes.· My several lives were often incompatible, and I led a schizophrenic existence.· Before I got married I led a pretty lively existence where women were concerned, and enjoyed it to the full.· Yet the whole history of evolution seems superbly well designed to lead to the existence of consciousness.· By leading a solitary existence, he avoids competing with the females that he has fertilised.· Thus he is forced to lead a clandestine existence, abandoned only when he occasionally reappears to demand money from his wife.· However, in early days he seems to have led a sunny existence.· For many years a companionate relationship may exist between two generations of adults in a family, each leading an independent existence.
· We live so isolated an existence here that to me it seems quite odd.· George W.. Bush is living a charmed existence.· The larvae live in kin groups and are aposematic, while the adults disperse to live a solitary existence and are cryptic.· How could she go on living such an existence?· He lived a very isolated existence and was something of a recluse.· Ken, meanwhile, was living a more abstemious existence on stage.· Therefore, in the bleak aftermath of war, he lived a hand-to-mouth existence in the less attractive areas of London.
· It owes its existence to copper, which was discovered in the surrounding Mule Mountains in 1875.· Yet in a very real way, we all owe our existence to the absence of choice available to our ancestors.· The concession theory regards the company as owing its existence to an exercise of state power.· I owe my existence to their absence of choice, as, almost certainly, does everyone reading this.· A number of missions owe their existence to the initiative and financial support given in the first place by the Association.· Some of the wildlife of the water-mill may owe its existence to a rather more conscious decision on the part of some long-dead miller.· There are other conceptions of consciousness which also owe their existence to the pursuit of certain virtues.
· So much for proving the existence of John Doe No. 2.· Let him prove his existence to you.· One does not need a council in order to prove the existence of well-established areas such as Lancashire or Somerset.· This is an interesting theorem which seems to prove the existence of singularities for a large class of colliding plane waves.· It was an exercise to prove the existence of a Nonconformist unity which only came into existence by the exercise.· Evidence can thereby be admitted to prove or disprove the existence of the element which has been deemed jurisdictional.· The perfection of life has often been used to prove the existence of a Creator.
· Deny or threaten it, and you deny and threaten some one's existence.· Indeed, in the long term, provider networks may threaten the very existence of HMOs as they are now known.· Wider reality would threaten their existence.· In other words, failure on one new project could threaten the very existence of the company.· The thought of our own guilt threatens our very existence.
Phrases
PHRASES FROM OTHER ENTRIES
  • Cliff's family worked in the cotton fields to eke out a meager living.
  • Again, the choice was between following the work to the factory towns or eking out an existence by labouring.
  • Finally came the bookshop where dear Mr Sneddles tried to eke out a living.
  • I was tired of eking out an existence near poverty level on my meager assistantship.
  • Most of them eke out a living as subsistence farmers.
  • Most people still live in the hinterlands of the inhabited islands eking out a living, but poverty abounds.
  • She continued to eke out a living based on the fading memories of her famous plunge.
  • The elderly eke out a living on pensions averaging from $ 50 to $ 75 monthly.
  • The river banks were frequently lined with curious onlookers who struggle to eke out an existence in this harsh environment.
  • Finally new businesses do not spring into existence simply because taxes are reduced in a given area.
  • Here, a fast, sparkling fresh stream springs into existence, fords a lane and runs parallel to a wooden pathway.
  • It may be possible to think of a universe springing into existence out of nothing at all.
  • Louis, have sprung into being.
  • The nurse's soft, slightly damp touch faded and darkness sprang into being inside Chesarynth's head.
Word family
WORD FAMILYnounexistence ≠ non-existenceexistentexistentialismexistentialistcoexistenceadjectiveexistent ≠ nonexistentexistingpre-existingexistentialexistentialistverbexistcoexist
1[uncountable] the state of existingexistence of It is impossible to prove the existence of God.in existence The organization has been in existence for 25 years. Scientists have many theories about how the universe first came into existence (=started to exist).existence of The very existence of the museum is threatened by lack of funding. the continued existence of economic inequalities2[countable usually singular] the type of life that someone has, especially when it is bad or unhappy:  Pablo led a miserable existence when he first moved to San Juan. → eke out a living/existence at ekeCOLLOCATIONS– Meaning 1verbscome into existence (=start to exist)· Pakistan came into existence as an independent country in 1947.spring into existence (=suddenly start to exist)· After the invasion, a French resistance movement sprang into existence.bring something into existence formal (=make something start to exist)· The state must follow the terms of the treaty that brought it into existence.go out of existence (=stop existing)· If a buyer isn't found, this famous old club could go out of existence.acknowledge/recognize/accept the existence of something (=agree that something exists)· They organization finally acknowledged the existence of a problem.prove/confirm/establish the existence of something (=prove that something exists)· The images confirm the existence of water on the planet's surface.deny the existence of something (=say that something does not exists)· He strongly denied the existence of God.doubt the existence of something (=not believe that something exists)· Some people doubt the existence of life at the very bottom of the ocean.jeopardize/threaten the existence of something (=make it likely that something will stop existing)· The strike could jeopardize the existence of his company.owe your existence to something (=be able to exist because of something)· The birds owe their existence to the fact that there are no natural predators on the island.adjectivesbrief/short· The band had rather a brief existence.· The show's existence was extremely short.human existence· Darwin's theory of natural selection changed our view of human existence forever.something's very existence· The university's very existence is at stake.something's actual existence· Poaching now threatens the animal's actual existence.something's continued existence· The city's continued existence is threatened by rising water levels.something's mere existence (=just the fact that something exists)· The mere existence of a contract does not guarantee that you will be paid.COLLOCATIONS– Meaning 2adjectiveseveryday/daily/day-to-day existence (=someone's normal life that is the same most days)· He saw drugs as a way of escaping the tedium of his everyday existence.a lonely/solitary existence (=without anyone else with you)· Male bears live a mostly solitary existence, away from the female and cubs.a miserable existence (=very unpleasant)· The refugees had to endure a miserable existence in the desert.a dull/routine existence· I was overjoyed at the prospect of leaving my routine existence behind.a frugal existence (=without much money)· He led a hard and frugal existence.a hand-to-mouth existence (=with just enough food or money to live)· The survivors lived a hand-to-mouth existence until they were rescued.a precarious existence (=only just managing to live)· The islanders, who rely solely on the sea to provide food, have a precarious existence.a comfortable existence (=with plenty of food and money)· He left behind his comfortable existence to become a monk.a peaceful existence· The various tribes on the island enjoyed a relatively peaceful existence.a quiet existence· He led a quiet existence, broken only by occasional visits from his family.a rural/urban/suburban existence (=life in the country/city/suburbs)· The girls hated their drab suburban existence.verbslead/live a solitary/frugal etc existence· The women lead a miserable existence.enjoy a peaceful/quiet etc existence· They enjoy a comfortable existence.
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