| 释义 |
underpinun‧der‧pin /ˌʌndəˈpɪn $ -ər-/ ●○○ verb (past tense and past participle underpinned, present participle underpinning) [transitive]   VERB TABLEunderpin |
| Present | I, you, we, they | underpin | | he, she, it | underpins | | Past | I, you, he, she, it, we, they | underpinned | | Present perfect | I, you, we, they | have underpinned | | he, she, it | has underpinned | | Past perfect | I, you, he, she, it, we, they | had underpinned | | Future | I, you, he, she, it, we, they | will underpin | | Future perfect | I, you, he, she, it, we, they | will have underpinned |
|
| Present | I | am underpinning | | he, she, it | is underpinning | | you, we, they | are underpinning | | Past | I, he, she, it | was underpinning | | you, we, they | were underpinning | | Present perfect | I, you, we, they | have been underpinning | | he, she, it | has been underpinning | | Past perfect | I, you, he, she, it, we, they | had been underpinning | | Future | I, you, he, she, it, we, they | will be underpinning | | Future perfect | I, you, he, she, it, we, they | will have been underpinning |
- These two scientific discoveries have underpinned modern agriculture.
- Contract law has been of major importance in underpinning the market, although other areas of law have also had a bearing.
- Good independent journalism underpins a free, democratic society.
- Such hopes have underpinned the euro's recovery against the dollar over the past month or so.
- The home loans underpinned mortgage bonds.
- This mindset underpins the future of food.
- This was at odds with the view of mathematics and the theory of learning underpinning the innovation with which she was involved.
- We firmly believe it must also underpin the operations of the minerals industry.
- We very much hope that such reforms will underpin the peace process.
NOUN► assumption· When I started teaching the assumption which underpinned most primary schools was that schools were exclusive places.· Since then the assumptions underpinning, and the meanings attributed to, census data have changed a good deal.· They highlight the false assumptions which underpin much social security provision. ► policy· This consideration has underpinned national forestry policy until now.· There is however a growing body of work which challenges the models of ageing which underpin current policies. ► principle· The principles which underpin good work force relationships in business apply equally well in the education business.· These various basic principles which underpinned the planning machine have survived throughout the post-war period.· The principle of altruism underpins the code of ethics and practice which provide regulatory guidance.· It sets out in some detail the means of complying with each of the eight principles that underpin the Data Protection Act. ► value· Moving towards an open system needs a massive public education effort and public debate on the values that should underpin choice.· The old values which had underpinned Britain when it was an agrarian society were threatened by a new urban poor.· These values of conservative normativism underpin the dominant tradition of public law.· Objectives and interventions vary with the stage of problem development and client status and also with the values underpinning the work.· Labour's policies may change, the prime minister says, but the values that underpin them remain eternal. VERB► help· It also helps to underpin earnings when the bullion price drops. 1to give strength or support to something and to help it succeed:  the theories that underpin his teaching method America’s wealth is underpinned by a global system which exploits the world’s poor.2 technical to put a solid piece of metal under a wall or house in order to make it stronger—underpinning noun [countable, uncountable] |