单词	fringe
释义	fringe1 nounfringe2 adjectivefringe3 verb fringefringe1 /frɪndʒ/ ●●○ noun [countable] Word Origin WORD ORIGINfringe1 Origin: 1300-1400 Old French, Latin fimbria ‘threads’ Examples EXAMPLES FROM OTHER DICTIONARIES a lunatic fringe of cranks and reactionaries, who probably still believe that the earth is flat Crusading journalist William Lloyd Garrison represented the radical fringe. The terrorist fringe condemned the decision and threatened to use force. EXAMPLES FROM THE CORPUS Hockey moved from the fringe to the mainstream when it went from a specialty item to a staple. I should say, it was the scum fringes of each group, not the majority of decent followers of the game. In reality, however, even when the electrons are sent one at a time, the fringes still appear. Slowly people are moving away from the marginal fringe. Something exploded on the fringe of his vision and sent out jagged streaks of orange flame like cartoon electricity. Today, its population has shrunk to only seven known populations on the distant fringes of metropolitan Southern California. When she arrived at the edge of the covert, she made her way cautiously along its downhill fringes. Thesaurus Longman Language Activatorsomeone who has extreme opinions► extremist someone who has extreme opinions, especially about politics or religion: · The government condemns anyone who disagrees with it as extremists.· The regime has been accused of supporting extremists in other countries in the region.· Left-wing extremists have threatened to disrupt the political convention. ► fanatic someone who agrees with and supports very extreme religious or political aims, is completely certain that their opinions are right, and who is thought to be dangerous: · His parents were religious fanatics who didn't allow him to play with other children.· Pro-Fascist fanatics have continued their attacks on foreigners. ► hardliner someone who believes very deeply in a set of political aims and ideas, and will not accept or support any changes to them, even if this is unreasonable or unhelpful: · Cuban-American hardliners continue to reject any dealings with Castro.· The Prime Minister has been criticized by hardliners in his party for giving away too much in the treaty. ► militant someone who is willing to work outside usual political structures, and use illegal or violent methods if necessary, in order to achieve political change: · He is one of the militants convicted of the World Trade Center bombing.· A crowd of militants took to the streets to protest the government's policies. ► fundamentalist someone who follows the rules of their religion very strictly, in a way that seems very unusual to people who do not believe in the same way: Christian/Muslim/Jewish/Hindu etc fundamentalist: · an organized Christian fundamentalist movementfundamentalist group/leader/party/church etc: · They belong to a fundamentalist church. ► hardcore/hard-core the hardcore members of a political organization are the small group of people who have the strongest beliefs and who do the most work: · The organization has only about 30 hardcore supporters.· Dole at least had the support of loyal hard-core Republicans. ► zealot someone who has very extreme beliefs about something, especially about religion, and who thinks that everyone else should live their lives according to religious rules and beliefs: · A few zealots strongly objected to the proposed sale of alcohol at the local store.· Anti-abortion zealots are responsible for the bombing of the clinic. ► diehard someone who completely refuses to accept new ideas, especially political ideas, even after most other people have accepted them: · Salisbury, Walton, and a few other diehards still refused to join the coalition.· Taylor is one of the diehards willing to push the development program at any price. ► lunatic fringe a small number of people within a larger organization or movement, whose ideas are so extreme or unusual that most people think they are stupid or a little crazy: · Many think the lunatic fringe has really harmed the public image of gays among the middle class.· Animal rights campaigners blame the latest set of bomb attacks on the lunatic fringe within the movement. a small group within a larger political or religious organization► faction a group of people within a larger political or religious organization who have different aims from many of the other people within it: · The pro-war faction within the party condemned any attempt at negotiation.· The whole of the country has been taken over and destroyed by warring factions. ► fringe a group of people in a political or religious organization who have ideas that most people in the organization do not agree with or think are extreme: · The terrorist fringe condemned the decision and threatened to use force.· Crusading journalist William Lloyd Garrison represented the radical fringe.lunatic fringe (=people with very extreme, stupid ideas): · a lunatic fringe of cranks and reactionaries, who probably still believe that the earth is flat ► splinter group a small group of people who leave a larger political or religious group to form their own smaller group, because they do not agree with the larger group's beliefs, aims, methods etc: · They broke away and formed a splinter group that believed in revolution, not gradual change.· The splinter group rapidly gained support from discontented members. WORD SETS► Hair & Beauty Afro, nounaftershave, nounanti-perspirant, nounastringent, adjectiveastringent, nounatomizer, nounauburn, adjectivebackcomb, verbbald, adjectivebalding, adjectivebalm, nounbarber, nounbarbershop, nounbarrette, nounbath, nounbathe, verbbeard, nounbeautician, nounbeautify, verbbeauty contest, nounbeauty mark, nounbeauty parlor, nounbeauty queen, nounbeauty salon, nounbikini line, nounblackhead, nounblond, adjectiveblonde, adjectiveblonde, nounblow-dry, verbblusher, nounbob, verbbob, nounbody, nounbody spray, nounbrilliantine, nounBrylcreem, nounbubble bath, nounbun, nounbuzzcut, nouncleanser, nouncoiffure, nouncold cream, nouncollagen, nouncologne, nouncomb, nouncomb, verbcompact, nouncomplexion, nouncondition, verbconditioner, nouncornrows, nouncosmetic, adjectivecosmetics, nouncosmetic surgery, nouncotton bud, nouncotton wool, nouncream, noundental floss, noundeodorant, noundepilatory, noundimple, noundouble chin, noundowny, adjectiveeau de cologne, nounelectrolysis, nounemery board, nounessential oil, nouneyebrow pencil, nouneyeliner, nouneye shadow, nounface cream, nounfacelift, nounface pack, nounface powder, nounfacial, nounfacial scrub, nounfalse teeth, nounflannel, nounflattop, nounfoam, nounfoundation, nounfragrance, nounfringe, noungel, noungrey, adjectivegrey, verbgrip, nounhairbrush, nounhaircut, nounhairdo, nounhairdresser, nounhairdryer, nounhairgrip, nounhairline, nounhairnet, nounhairpiece, nounhairpin, nounhair slide, nounhairspray, nounhairstyle, nounhealth farm, nounhenna, nounhighlight, verbhirsute, adjectivehydrogen peroxide, nounkinky, adjectiveknot, nounkohl, nounlacquer, nounlacquer, verblank, adjectivelanolin, nounlather, verblayer, verbliner, nounlip gloss, nounliposuction, nounlipstick, nounloofah, nounlotion, nounlowlights, nounmade-up, adjectivemake-up, nounmanicure, nounmanicured, adjectivemascara, nounmedicated, adjectivemilky, adjectivemoisturize, verbmoisturizer, nounmousse, nounmoustache, nounmoustachioed, adjectivemousy, adjectivemouthwash, nounmudbath, nounmudpack, nounmusk, nounmustachioed, adjectivemutton chop whiskers, nounmyrrh, nounnailbrush, nounnail file, nounnail polish, nounnail scissors, nounnit, nounnose job, nounoil, nounointment, nounolive, nounpaint, verbpart, nounpart, verbparting, nounpate, nounpedicure, nounperfume, nounperfume, verbperfumery, nounperm, nounperm, verbpermanent, nounpermanent wave, nounperoxide, nounpigtail, nounplait, nounpomade, nounponytail, nounpowder, verbpowder puff, nounpreen, verbprimp, verbpumice, nounquiff, nounraven, adjectiverazor, nounrecede, verbred, adjectiveredhead, nounrhinoplasty, nounroll-on, nounrosewater, nounrouge, nounscent, nounshampoo, nounshampoo, verbshave, verbshave, nounshaven, adjectiveshaver, nounshaving brush, nounshaving cream, nounshort back and sides, nounshower cap, nounshower gel, nounsideburns, nounskincare, nounslide, nounsoap, verbspa, nounspiky, adjectivesplit ends, nounspray, nounstringy, adjectivestylist, nounsunbed, nounsunblock, nounsunburn, nounsun cream, nounsunglasses, nounsunlamp, nounsunscreen, nounsunshade, nounsuntan, nounsuntan lotion, nounsun-worshipper, nounswarthy, adjectiveswept-back, adjectivetalc, nountalcum powder, nountease, verbtester, nountoilet bag, nountoiletries, nountoilet water, nountone, verbtoner, nountooth, nountoothbrush, nountoothpaste, nountoothpick, nountooth powder, nountweezers, nounvanity case, nounVaseline, nounwar paint, nounwash, nounwave, nounwave, verbwavy, adjectivewax, verbwear, verbwetting solution, nounwhisker, nounwig, nounwrinkle, noun Collocations COLLOCATIONS FROM THE CORPUSADJECTIVE► northern · We lived in Belleville, New Jersey, a commuter town at the northern fringe of Newark. ► outer · She glanced round, spotting Terry Lewis on the outer fringes of their circle, an expression of chagrin on his face.· The centre is One, the outer fringe is Six; zones where there used to be neighbourhoods. ► urban · The authors of Conurbation were particularly interesting in their treatment of the urban fringe.· Land in the urban fringe is also at a premium for recreation, whether for rambling or for sports and recreation grounds.· Most of the conflicts concerning agriculture and amenity also occur in a particularly acute form on the urban fringe. Phrases PHRASES FROM THE ENTRY► on the fringes (of something) Both teams are on the fringes of playoff contention, and that was reflected in the game. But they all remained on the fringes. He had served on numerous civic committees and dabbled on the fringes of politics, mainly at the name-dropping level. It is a monopoly with a little managed competition on the fringes. It is on the fringes of higher education, through its contribution to research, which provides an educational resource for students. Or only on the fringes, allowed in after promises of exemplary behaviour? The idea, indeed, was supported more by those on the fringes of political life than by those at the centre. 1British English if you have a fringe, your hair is cut so that it hangs down over your forehead SYN bangs American English:  a tall girl with straight brown hair and a fringe2a decorative edge of hanging threads on a curtain, piece of clothing etc3on the fringes (of something) a)not completely belonging to or accepted by a group of people who share the same job, activities etc:  a small group on the fringes of the art world b) (also on the fringe) at the part of something that is farthest from the centre SYN  on the edge of something:  Nina remained on the fringe of the crowd. → the lunatic fringe at lunatic(3) fringe1 nounfringe2 adjectivefringe3 verb fringefringe2 adjective [only before noun] Examples EXAMPLES FROM THE CORPUS Few attendees doubted that some fringe groups would respond violently. If you were doing clinical research with a spiritual or religious factor, you were considered fringe. Individuals would not pay taxes on interest or investment income, and businesses could not deduct the cost of fringe benefits. Prepaid plans for legal services are now available to over 2 million households as fringe benefits in union contracts. That means making smaller purchases instead of one big buy and cutting back on fringe items. The remaining 5 percent aligned themselves with fringe groups such as the Natural Law, Green and Libertarian parties. Working condition fringe benefits are tax-free. Collocations COLLOCATIONS FROM THE CORPUSNOUN► benefit · They could deduct wages, but not interest costs, most other taxes or fringe benefits.· Individuals would not pay taxes on interest or investment income, and businesses could not deduct the cost of fringe benefits.· Working condition fringe benefits are tax-free.· What shows up in the statistics as fringe benefits is really a private social welfare payment from the young to the old.· If a fringe benefit is not excluded from income, then a value has to be placed on it.· Prepaid plans for legal services are now available to over 2 million households as fringe benefits in union contracts.· The downsizing of big firms with high wages and good fringe benefits continues at an unrelenting pace.· Women continue to be denied fringe benefits and wages equivalent to those received by men. ► group · Few attendees doubted that some fringe groups would respond violently. Phrases PHRASES FROM THE ENTRY► fringe group/event/issue etc After the uproar created by Nicholas Tolstoy over the Cossack repatriations, the fringe groups had been taken very seriously. Few attendees doubted that some fringe groups would respond violently. One girl shared her story of a fringe group, which for ten years had dominated her life. The remaining 5 percent aligned themselves with fringe groups such as the Natural Law, Green and Libertarian parties. To transform a scholarly consensus into something that appears the obsession of a disreputable fringe group requires more than accidental bias. fringe group/event/issue etc a group, event etc that is less important or popular than the main group etc, or whose opinions are not accepted by most other people involved in the same activity OPP  mainstream:  He used a party conference fringe meeting to defend terrorism. The environment is no longer a fringe issue. a fringe religious sect fringe1 nounfringe2 adjectivefringe3 verb fringefringe3 verb [transitive] Verb Table VERB TABLE fringe Simple Form Present they fringe it fringes Past it, they fringed Present perfect they have fringed it has fringed Past perfect it, they had fringed Future it, they will fringe Future perfect it, they will have fringed Continuous Form Present they are fringeing it is fringeing Past they were fringeing it was fringeing Present perfect they have been fringeing it has been fringeing Past perfect it, they had been fringeing Future it, they will be fringeing Future perfect it, they will have been fringeing Examples EXAMPLES FROM THE CORPUS Emily Groundwater's eyes opened widely, and he saw that they were smoke-grey, fringed by long dark lashes. He let his gaze rest upon the awed and silent faces that fringed his passage, but without seeing them. The fields here were fringed with rowan trees, their bright red berries clashing horribly with the purple heather of late summer. The line formed a two-mile semicircle along the bank of a small creek that was fringed with woods. The river was clear and rushing and fringed by trees. to be around the edge of something:  A line of trees fringed the pool.
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