单词	frontier
释义	frontierfron‧tier /ˈfrʌntɪə $ frʌnˈtɪr/ ●●○ noun Word Origin WORD ORIGINfrontier Origin: 1300-1400 French frontière, from front; ➔ FRONT1 Examples EXAMPLES FROM OTHER DICTIONARIES He was questioned by soldiers at a frontier post. Many of the cars crossing the frontier were stopped and searched. The study of the brain is often described as the next intellectual frontier. They settled in Ronco, a picturesque village near the Italian frontier. EXAMPLES FROM THE CORPUS All of this transcended the frontiers of control and undermined the employers' ability to manage. Every diplomatic effort was made to get him and his army to retire back over the frontier, but without success. It marked a return to the general store of frontier days. Powell, like the mountain men, was compulsively drawn to the frontier. The dethronement of learning is one of the most exciting intellectual frontiers we are now crossing. The geographical position of the frontier fluctuated with the fortunes of war. Thesaurus THESAURUS► border the official line that separates two countries, or the area close to this line: · The town lies on the border between Chile and Argentina.· Strasbourg is very close to the German border.· border guards ► frontier especially British English the border: · They crossed the Libyan frontier into Egypt. ► line the official line that separates states and counties in the US: · His family lived across the state line in West Virginia. ► boundary the line that marks the edge of an area of land that someone owns, or one of the parts of a country: · The fence marks the boundary between the two properties.· The Mississippi River forms the boundary between Tennessee and Arkansas.· A road runs along the western boundary of the site. Longman Language Activatorthe edge of a country, place or area of land► edge the part of a town, city etc that is farthest from the centre: on the edge (of): · My uncle's house is on the edge of town, near the airport.· Gretel lives in a simple cottage on the edge of the forest. ► outskirts the areas of a city furthest away from the centre: on the outskirts (of): · Her parents lived in a big house on the outskirts of Manchester.· We stayed on the outskirts of the capital.the outskirts of something: · We heard gunshots as we drove through the outskirts of the city. ► border the official line that separates two countries, or the area of land near this line: the Italian/Brazilian/Nigerian etc border (=the border between Italy, Brazil etc and another country): · Isn't Manto near the Italian border?· Jeumont is a small town on the French-Belgian border.cross the border: · Refugees have been warned not to attempt to cross the border.on the border (with something): · The talks were held in the northeastern state of Nuevo Leon, on the border with the US.the border with (=the border separating one country from another): · It is a mountainous region, occupying a large area near the border with Nepal.border town/area/patrol: · We spent the night in, a miserable little border town.border dispute (=arguments and fighting between countries about where a border should be): · Fighting in border disputes has killed at least 25 people. ► frontier especially British the border of a country, where people cross from one country to another: · Many of the cars crossing the frontier were stopped and searched.· They settled in Ronco, a picturesque village near the Italian frontier.frontier post (=place where soldiers guard a border): · He was questioned by soldiers at a frontier post. ► boundary the official line that marks the edge of an area of land, for example of a farm or a part of a country: · A fence marks the property's boundaries.boundary of: · the easternmost boundary of Greater Manchesterboundary between: · The Mississippi River forms a natural boundary between Iowa and Illinois. ► perimeter the outside edge around an enclosed area of land such as a military camp or a prison: · Security guards patrol the perimeter.· the perimeter of the airfieldperimeter fence/wall/road etc (=one that goes around the perimeter): · A secure perimeter fence should be at least two metres high. WORD SETS► Geography abyss, nounalluvial, adjectivealluvium, nounalpine, adjectiveAmerican, adjectiveAntarctica, anticyclone, nounarchipelago, nounArctic, adjectivearid, adjectiveAsia, atlas, nounatoll, nounAustralasia, Australasian, adjectiveAustralia, avalanche, nounaxis, nounbank, nounbarometer, nounbarrier reef, nounbasin, nounbay, nounbayou, nounbeach, nounbearing, nounbed, nounbight, nounbluff, nounborder, nounborder, verbborderland, nounborderline, nounborough, nounbox canyon, nounBritish, adjectivebutte, nouncanyon, nouncape, nouncapital, nouncardinal point, nounCaribbean, adjectivecartography, nouncay, nounchain, nounchaparral, nounchart, nounchasm, nounchimney, nounChinese, adjectivecirrus, nounCIS, nouncliff, nounclimate, nounclimatic, adjectivecoastal, adjectivecoastline, nouncockney, nouncol, nouncold front, nouncommuter belt, nouncompass, nounconfluence, nouncontinent, nouncontinental, adjectivecontinental shelf, nouncontour, nounconurbation, nouncoordinate, nouncorridor, nouncorrie, nouncoterminous, adjectivecouncil estate, nouncountry, nouncounty, nouncounty town, nouncourse, nouncove, nouncrag, nouncraggy, adjectivecreek, nouncrevasse, nouncrevice, nouncumulus, nouncyclone, noundateline, noundelta, noundesert, noundesert island, noundevelopment, noundistrict, noundivide, noundown, adverbdune, noundust bowl, nouneast, nouneast, adjectiveeast, adverbeastbound, adjectiveeasterly, adjectiveeasterly, nouneastern, adjectiveEasterner, nouneasternmost, adjectiveeastwards, adverbelevation, nouneminence, nounenvirons, nounequatorial, adjectiveerode, verberosion, nounescarpment, nounestuary, nounEurope, nounextraterritorial, adjectiveeyot, nounface, nounfarmland, nounfeeder, nounfiord, nounfirth, nounfjord, nounflood plain, nounfluvial, adjectivefrontier, nounfrontiersman, noungale force, adjectivegap, noungeo-, prefixgeography, noungeophysics, noungeopolitics, noungeyser, nounglacial, adjectiveglaciation, nounglacier, nounglobe, noungoldfield, noungorge, noungrassland, nounGrecian, adjectivegreen belt, noungrid, noungrotto, noungroundwater, noungulch, noungulf, noungully, nounhead, nounheadland, nounheadwaters, nounheartland, nounhemisphere, nounhighland, adjectivehighlands, nounhigh water mark, nounhinterland, nounHome Counties, the, homeland, nounhurricane, noun-i, suffixIberian, adjectiveiceberg, nounice cap, nounice floe, nounice pack, nounice sheet, nouninhabitant, nouninland, adjectiveinland, adverbinlet, nouninner city, nouninshore, adverbinsular, adjectiveintercontinental, adjectiveInternational Date Line, nounisland, nounisle, nounislet, nounisobar, nounIsraeli, adjectiveIsraeli, nounisthmus, nounItalian, adjectiveItalianate, adjectiveItalo-, prefixJapanese, adjectivekey, nounknoll, nounlagoon, nounlake, nounlandlocked, adjectivelandmass, nounlandslide, nounlandslip, nounlat., Latin, adjectiveLatin America, nounLatin American, adjectivelatitude, nounlevee, nounlittoral, nounlong., longitude, nounlongitudinal, adjectivelough, nounlowlands, nounlow-lying, adjectivelow water mark, nounmagnetic north, nounmagnetic pole, nounmarsh, nounmarshland, nounmeander, verbMediterranean, adjectiveMercator projection, nounmeridian, nounmesa, nounMiddle America, nounmidtown, adjectivemonsoon, nounmoorland, nounmorass, nounmountain, nounmountainside, nounmountaintop, nounmouth, nounmudslide, nounmull, nounnarrows, nounnavigation, nounNE, neck, nounnor'-, prefixnorth, nounnorth, adjectivenorth, adverbNorth America, nounnortheast, nounnortheast, adjectivenortheasterly, adjectivenortheastern, adjectivenortheastwards, adverbnortherly, adjectivenorthern, adjectivenortherner, nounnorthernmost, adjectivenorthwards, adverbnorthwest, nounnorthwest, adjectivenorthwesterly, adjectivenorthwestern, adjectivenorthwestwards, adverbnotch, nounNW, NZ, oasis, nounoccidental, nounocean, nounonshore, adjectiveopenness, nounOrdnance Survey map, nounoriental, adjectiveoutcrop, nounoverspill, nounpack ice, nounpaddy, nounpalisade, nounpan-, prefixpanhandle, nounparallel, nounpeak, nounpeninsula, nounPersian, adjectivephysical geography, nounplain, nounplateau, nounpoint, nounpolar, adjectivepole, nounpolitical geography, nounpollutant, nounpop., populate, verbpopulation, nounprairie, nounprecipice, nounprecipitation, nounPrime Meridian, principality, nounprojection, nounpromontory, nounprovince, nounprovincial, adjectivepueblo, nounR, rainfall, nounrain forest, nounrain gauge, nounrainstorm, nounrange, nounravine, nounreef, nounreference, nounregion, nounregional, adjectiverelief map, nounreservoir, nounresettle, verbresidential, adjectiveresource, nounridge, nounrift valley, nounrise, verbriver, nounriver basin, nounriver bed, nounRoman, adjectiverotation, nounrugged, adjectiverun-off, nounrural, adjectivesand, nounsand bar, nounsandstorm, nounsandy, adjectivesavanna, nounScandinavian, nounscar, nounscarp, nounscree, nounscrubland, nounSE, seaboard, nounsea breeze, nounseafront, nounsea level, nounseaport, nounseaward, adjectivesection, nounsemitropical, adjectiveshelf, nounslough, nounsmog, nounsnowfield, nounsource, nounsouth, nounsouth, adjectivesouth, adverbSouth America, adjectivesoutheast, nounsoutheast, adjectivesoutheasterly, adjectivesoutheastern, adjectivesoutheastwards, adverbsoutherly, adjectivesouthern, adjectivesouthernmost, adjectivesouthwards, adverbsouthwest, nounsouthwest, adjectivesouthwesterly, adjectivesouthwestern, adjectivesouthwestwards, adverbspeleology, nounspit, nounspur, nounstrait, nounsubcontinent, nounsubtropical, adjectivesuburb, nounsuburban, adjectivesummit, nounsurvey, nounsurvey, verbSW, swamp, nountableland, nounterrain, nounterritory, nountidal, adjectivetidal wave, nountidewater, nountime zone, nountop, nountopography, nountor, nountornado, nountown, nountown centre, nountowpath, nountrack, nountract, nountrade route, nountrail, nountransatlantic, adjectivetranscontinental, adjectivetributary, nountropic, nountropical, adjectivetundra, nountyphoon, nounUK, the, uncharted, adjectiveup, adverbup-country, adjectiveuplands, nounupper, adjectiveupriver, adverbupstate, adjectiveupstream, adverbuptown, adverburban, adjectiveurbanized, adjectiveurban renewal, nounurban sprawl, nounUS, the, adjectivevalley, nounW, warm front, nounwaste, adjectivewasteland, nounwater, verbwatercourse, nounwaterfall, nounwaterfront, nounwaterhole, nounwatering place, nounwater meadow, nounwatershed, nounwater table, nounwaterway, nounweather vane, nounwest, nounwest, adjectiveWest, nounwestern, adjectiveWesterner, nounwesternmost, adjectivewestward, adverbwilderness, nounwolds, nounzoning, noun Collocations COLLOCATIONS FROM THE ENTRY► frontier town/area/post etc (=a town etc on a frontier) ► push back the frontiers (=discover new things) COLLOCATIONS FROM THE CORPUSADJECTIVE► electronic · The electronic frontier requires its pioneers to be resourceful in defending themselves in the absence of binding rules and regulations. ► final · Exercise and fitness has become the final frontier. ► internal · I am sceptical about the proposition that minority rights can be protected by redrawing internal frontiers. ► military · This tradition persisted even after the dissolution of the military frontier in 1881.· The northern area from Rijeka to Zadar was incorporated into the military frontier, which was under the control of the Habsburgs. ► national · In practical terms, business across national frontiers may be conducted in several ways.· Armies would still cross national frontiers and with considerable capacity for doing damage where they fought and trod.· The output of such small-scale producers will not only be sold on local markets but also across national frontiers.· The actual bank deposits do not cross national frontiers in the manner that tourists carry foreign bank notes among their holiday belongings.· Surely the House appreciates that some problems go beyond national frontiers, particularly those affecting pollution and international trade.· In taxonomic botany, for instance, research is carried out in many institutions world-wide, rather than within national frontiers.· Some thoughtful articles aim to make connections, perhaps across national and language frontiers, or between disciplines. ► new · The internet revolution has moved east, and Scandinavia is the new frontier.· He is an example of some one who has become lost or disoriented on the new frontier.· Before he was incapacitated, Menelik had won recognition for his conquests and acceptance of his new frontiers.· Something similar may happen soon in the new frontier of cyberspace.· Two new pieces of frontier work are being pioneered.· They are the charts of a new frontier, modern-day versions of the maps made before ships circumnavigated the globe.· The new frontiers were not without their hazards.· Once again there was a sense of purpose, an aura of new frontiers. ► northern · Part of the northern frontier of the Roman Empire of Hadrian's Wall.· Some of this money went to pay the states along the northern frontier for lands ceded to the United States.· The situation was very different on the northern frontier. ► southern · According to one such report Richard's chief concern in the autumn of 1178 was with his southern frontier.· Lindsey was lost and the Humber restored as Northumbria's southern frontier. ► western · Their most remarkable expression is the earthwork which an eighth- century king of Mercia constructed on his western frontier.· Andrew Jackson, the first president from the western frontier, was unjustly accused of bigamy and derided as an unschooled ignoramus.· The frontier post spotted him from the photos we rushed to the western frontier.· Education i. guardian of ideals Western frontier.· Henry II's next targets were on his western frontiers.· To the settler or trapper or cattleman, the western frontier was both promising and dangerous.· When the country was young, the Western frontier was the Appalachian Mountains. NOUN► area · This increased the importance of exploration and development projects in frontier areas.· In frontier areas they are critical to our ability to win access. ► control · These are national quotas and must be removed or harmonised once frontier controls are eliminated.· Several governments, particularly from the larger states, sought co-operation on immigration and frontier controls and also closer police collaboration.· Consequently, frontier controls were necessary to ensure that cross-frontier trade in goods adhered to the various national requirements. ► post · The frontier post spotted him from the photos we rushed to the western frontier. ► town · San Vicente del Caguan is a bustling frontier town of 20,000 people.· Nearly all have stemmed from this small, poor village one mile outside the frontier town of Peshawar. ► zone · So long as frontier zones of the empire remained insecure, the tsar had to eschew an ambitious foreign policy. VERB► cross · Physically he had been just one millimetre closer to Doreen than ever before, but emotionally he had crossed a frontier.· Armies would still cross national frontiers and with considerable capacity for doing damage where they fought and trod.· He ignored the great truth - jokes don't cross frontiers.· The nature of the underground drainage can give rise to international problems when streams cross under frontiers.· A Community working for peace - and the planet Pollution crosses frontiers.· The actual bank deposits do not cross national frontiers in the manner that tourists carry foreign bank notes among their holiday belongings. ► push · Back then entrepreneurs were pushing out the frontiers of trade.· As for the second one your use of rhyme pushes back the frontiers of english literature.· Their achievement was in pushing back the frontiers of distance running with world records. Phrases PHRASES FROM THE ENTRY► the frontier Alaska is known as the last frontier. Wilder's novel is about a family's struggle on the American frontier. ► the frontiers of knowledge/physics etc Use concepts across the frontiers of knowledge. 1[countable] especially British English the border of a countryfrontier between/with Lille is close to the frontier between France and Belgium.on/at the frontier Troops established a road block on the frontier.frontier town/area/post etc (=a town etc on a frontier)► see thesaurus at border2the frontier an area where people have never lived before, that not much is known about, especially in the western US before the 20th century:  a novel about a family’s struggle on the American frontier space, the final frontier3the frontiers of knowledge/physics etc the limits of what is known about somethingpush back the frontiers (=discover new things)
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