单词 | quality |
释义 | quality1 nounquality2 adjective qualityqual‧i‧ty1 /ˈkwɒləti $ ˈkwɑː-/ ●●● S1 W1 noun (plural qualities) Word OriginWORD ORIGINquality1 ExamplesOrigin: 1200-1300 Old French qualité, from Latin qualitas, from qualis ‘of what kind’EXAMPLES FROM OTHER DICTIONARIES Thesaurus
THESAURUS► characteristic Collocations something that is typical of someone or something and makes them easy to recognize: · He had several characteristics which made him different to the rest of his family.· the physical characteristics of the brain· He studied the special characteristics of adult speech addressed to children. ► quality a characteristic of a person, especially a good one such as kindness or intelligence: · Tina has a lot of good qualities.· I’m not sure about his leadership qualities.· Obedience is a quality that my father admires. ► feature an important or interesting characteristic of something: · it seems to be a feature of modern society that we tend to judge ourselves by our work above everything else.· A curious feature of the novel is the absence of women.· The building still has many of its original features. ► property [usually plural] technical a characteristic of a substance or object, for example hardness or elasticity, or how it behaves – used especially in scientific contexts: · We examined the physical properties of various metals.· changes in the electrical properties of cells· Some plants have healing properties. ► attribute formal a good or useful characteristic: · I suspected I probably did not quite possess all the attributes required to succeed at the highest level.· All living things are able to reproduce their kind, an attribute which no machine possesses.. ► good/bad points good or bad characteristics – used when someone or something has both good and bad characteristics: · The seller will obviously emphasize the car’s good points.· Draw up a list of your partner’s good and bad points. Longman Language Activatorproducts that are badly made or of bad quality► poor quality poor quality products have been made badly: · Poor quality housing often leads to health problems.be of poor quality: · Investigators believe the bridge collapsed because the concrete was of poor quality. ► low-quality low-quality products have been made badly: · It's not worth building with low-quality materials just to save money.· The company wants to change its image as a producer of low-cost, low-quality clothes. ► badly made made without care or skill: · Her clothes looked cheap and badly made. ► cheap cheap furniture, jewellery, clothes etc look unattractive and badly made, and seem to have been produced using low quality materials: · The room was depressing, with dim light and cheap furniture.· Hungry-looking men in cheap suits hung around the streets all day. ► shoddy badly and cheaply made, using low quality materials: · You have a right to return any shoddy goods you might buy.shoddily made: · Police officials blamed the deaths on the shoddily made apartment building. ► inferior inferior products are not as good as other similar ones because they have been cheaply and badly made: · Consumers buy foreign goods because they believe that British-made goods are inferior.· I want the best -- I don't want some inferior model that's going to break down the first time I use it. better than someone or something else► better · We could either go to Florida or California -- which do you think is better?better than · Your job is better than mine.· My sister is a better student than me.· The sales figures were better than we expected.better at something/doing something · Lucy's better at mathematics than I am.far better/much better/a lot better · His latest novel is far better than anything he's written before.better quality · Consumers are demanding lower prices, better quality, and a larger selection of goods. ► superior products, skills, or services that are superior are better than those that they are competing against: · Our aim is to provide our clients with a superior service at all times.· The company has a reputation for superior technology and customer loyalty.superior to: · They claimed that a vegetarian diet was superior to a meat diet. ► of a higher standard/of higher quality written goods or services that are of a higher standard or higher quality are better than they were previously or better than goods or services of a similar kind: · In the mid-eighties, American consumers began to purchase more and more Japanese products, believing they were better value and of higher quality.of a higher standard/of higher quality than: · Government officials are claiming that the health care available here is of a much higher standard than in neighbouring countries. ► beat informal to be much better and more enjoyable than something else: · Jake's home-made burgers beat anything you can get at fast-food restaurants.beat doing something: · It's not a particularly good job, but it certainly beats being unemployed. ► a cut above informal clearly better than others of the same type: · Musicians of the time admitted that the Ellington Orchestra was a cut above all others.a cut above the rest: · The first applicant we interviewed was definitely a cut above the rest. ► have the edge on/over to be slightly better than something or someone else: have the edge on/over something: · Their new laptop computer seems to have the edge on the competition.have the edge on/over somebody: · Having spent a year in Brazil, she hoped she would have the edge over the other language students. ► have an advantage over to be better, more effective, and more useful than something else, especially because of a particular feature: have an advantage over something: · The fact that this computer is so simple to use means that it has an advantage over most other systems.have a distinct advantage over something (=have a clear advantage over something): · For certain types of work, natural wood has distinct advantages over plastics. ► be more than a match for to be much more skilful and more successful at doing something than someone else: be more than a match for somebody: · When it comes to TV debates, Senator Murphy's more than a match for any of his rivals.be more than a match for something: · The rebel army's tactics are more than a match for the nation's military forces. ► special better than something of the usual type, for example by being more enjoyable, more useful, or of higher quality: · I don't want an ordinary wedding. I want something special.· Of my nine gold medals, this one is the most special.· Some aides privately complain that the Senator receives special treatment. one part of someone's character► quality something such as an ability or a way of behaving that is part of someone's character: · Besides intelligence and charm, Bella had some less desirable qualities.· The essential quality of a good parent is patience.· Among his other endearing qualities, Ralph was an exceedingly patient man. ► attribute a part of someone's character, especially a part that is thought by other people to be good and useful: · The attribute that people found most attractive in Sharon was her optimism.· Hope is one of mankind's most enduring and rewarding attributes.· He had all the attributes of a great leader: charisma, energy, discipline, and resourcefulness. ► characteristic someone's characteristics are the qualities that are typical of them and which make them easy to recognize: · All great leaders share certain characteristics which must be seen as the key to their success.· Ralph can be very mean sometimes. It's one of his less endearing characteristics. ► trait one type of feeling or behaviour that is particularly noticeable in a person or group of people: · It's a human trait to joke about subjects that make us uncomfortable.family trait (=a trait shared by members of a family): · Pride seems to be one of our family traits.personality trait: · Certain personality traits make people more likely to become victims of violent crime. ► side: romantic/serious/funny etc side a part of someone's character, especially one that is very different from the rest of their character: · Canning was a very traditional Englishman but he had a surprisingly romantic side to him as well.· Val revealed her wild side at the office party.· After his arrest people realized that there had always been a darker side to his nature. ► part of me/her one part of someone's character, which makes them behave or feel in particular ways: · Part of me loves going to parties but there's another part that prefers staying at home.· There is a part of her that I just don't understand. ► streak a part of someone's character that is quite different from the rest of their character, especially one that makes them behave badly: mean/nasty/violent etc streak: · She had a mean streak that she didn't bother to hide.· The District Attorney argued that Johnson has a violent streak and is a danger to society. ► thing informal a part of someone's character, especially one that you like or dislike: · One of the things I like about Susan is the way she always keeps smiling, even when there are problems.· The nicest thing about Richard is that he doesn't mind being criticized. ► good points/bad points good or bad things about someone's character: · Fred was a bad manager but he had his good points.· She always tried to be fair with her students and not just stress their bad points.· When you're dead people don't remember your faults -- only your good points. ► quirk a strange or unusual habit or part of someone's character: · Although on the outside he was quiet and shy, Albert had more than his share of quirks.· She took pride in her children's quirks and individuality, and made no effort to try to change them. ► there's something about somebody you say this when there is something about a person's character that you like or dislike, but you're not sure exactly what it is: · I don't know what it is, but there's something about that man which really irritates me. one part of the character of something► characteristic a part of the character of something that makes it clearly different from or similar to other things: · One of the characteristics of this species is the dark blue markings on its back.· The main characteristics of capitalism are private ownership of capital and freedom of enterprise.share characteristics/have characteristics in common (=have similar characteristics): · The UK shares many characteristics with other European countries.· The two diseases have a number of characteristics in common. ► quality an important part of the character of something, especially a part that is good: · There are certain qualities in Orwell's prose that I greatly admire.· Despite its many qualities, the school simply isn't getting results.· This wine possesses a unique quality.a quality of: · There is a wonderful quality of innocence in these paintings. ► property a characteristic that a particular substance or chemical has: · The properties of the soil influence the growth of the plants.· We test the chemical and biological properties of the samples.· The conducting properties of solids vary widely. ► feature an important, noticeable, or interesting characteristic of something: · The hotel's most attractive feature is its magnificent view of Mount Hood.· Patriotism was a prominent feature in Bush's election campaign.a feature of: · Information on employment is a central feature of this training course. ► attribute a characteristic of an organization or system, especially a good characteristic: · He possesses the essential attributes of a journalist.· She spent most of the interview describing the company's attributes to me. ► thing informal a characteristic of something, especially one that you like or dislike: · The thing that I really hate about this job is having to work late at night.· All that lovely fresh air -- that's the best thing about living in the country. ► good points/bad points the good or bad things about a place or thing: · The city is big and noisy, but it does have its good points too. ► there's something about something you say this when there's something about a thing, a place, someone's behaviour etc that you like or dislike, but you're not sure exactly what it is: · There's something very strange about this whole affair.· There was something about the place that gave me the creeps. how good something is► quality the measure of how well something is made or produced, or how good a material is: · Supermarket wines tend to vary in price and quality.· We always guarantee the best quality to our customers.be of good/reasonable/poor etc quality: · She always insists that her writing paper is of good quality.· The recording is of very poor quality. ► standard the measure of how well someone does something: · Safety standards are simply not being maintained.above/below a standard: · In reading tests, 15% of school students were found to be below the standard for their age.be of a good/high standard: · All his work is of a very high standard.be up to standard (=be of an acceptable level): · I'm afraid your driving isn't yet up to standard.standard of: · The standard of workmanship on this table is extraordinarily high. well made or of good quality► good · Lisa's work has been much better recently.· It's a good car, but it's very expensive.· It's worth paying a bit more for a good haircut.very good · There are one or two very good restaurants nearby. ► well if something is done or made well , it is done with a lot of care and skill, so that it is of a high standard: · Jean's playing much better since you gave her some lessons.· one of the best designed cars on the marketvery well: · Both books are very well written and enjoyable to read.do well: · Don't worry about the test - I'm sure you'll do well. ► excellent of extremely good quality or very well made: · The bank provides an excellent service for its customers.· They told me my English was excellent. ► good quality/high quality well made from good materials: · If you buy good quality shoes, they last much longer.· We only use the highest quality ingredients for our pizzas.of good/high quality: · handmade carpets of the highest quality ► first-class a product or service that is first-class is much better than most others: · Jaguar has always made first-class cars.· The food at the restaurant is always first-class. ► fine of a very high quality and often valuable, rare, or very skilfully made: · The collar is made of finest English lace.· The train passes near Gate Manor, a fine Victorian mock Jacobean hall. ► superior better made or of a better quality than most similar products - used especially in advertisements: · Style, comfort and superior cuisine are the most important characteristics of a good hotel. ► deluxe: deluxe model/version/edition etc one that is of high quality because it has more features or uses better quality materials than others made by the same company: · The deluxe model comes complete with an in-car CD player and car-phone.· Longman has published a deluxe, leather-bound edition of Johnson's Dictionary. COLLOCATIONS FROM THE ENTRYADJECTIVES/NOUN + quality► good/high Phrases· I was impressed that the quality of their work was so high. ► poor/low· The magazine is printed on low quality paper. ► excellent/outstanding· The T-shirts are only $10 and the quality is excellent. ► superior formal (=good or better quality)· These speakers offer superior quality sound. ► top quality· Our chef uses only top quality ingredients. ► water/air quality· Scientists took samples to test the water quality. ► sound quality· I apologise for the poor sound quality of this recording. ► picture quality (also image quality)· Does this type of TV set have a better picture quality? verbs► improve/enhance the quality· The measures will improve the quality of the water in the river. ► affect the quality· Lack of sleep started to affect the quality of his work. ► test/check/monitor the quality· The equipment is used to monitor the city’s air quality. ► maintain the quality· Staffing problems made it difficult to maintain the quality of the service. ► the quality goes up/down· I think the quality has gone down over the years. ► the quality suffers (=it is badly affected by something)· The picture quality suffers if the signal isn’t digital. quality + NOUN► quality standards· Greater investment is needed to meet the European Union’s strict quality standards. COMMON ERRORS ► Don’t say ‘living quality’ or ‘life quality’. Say quality of life.COLLOCATIONS FROM OTHER ENTRIES► the air quality· The air quality is very poor on hot days. ► endearing qualities/traits etc Shyness is one of her most endearing qualities. ► exceptional quality· This is a wine of exceptional quality. ► high quality a range of high-quality goods at low prices ► inferior quality· The poor soil produces wine of inferior quality. ► intrinsic nature/quality/value/property of something There is nothing in the intrinsic nature of the work that makes it more suitable for women. ► leadership qualities She has great faith in her own leadership qualities. ► a quality newspaper British English (=a newspaper with a lot of serious news and good writing)· The story has not been given as much coverage in the quality newspapers. ► a quality paper British English (=one intended for educated readers)· Readers of quality papers, such as the Telegraph and the Guardian, are mainly employed in professional jobs. ► personal qualities· They stress the importance of a teacher’s personal qualities. ► premium quality premium quality British potatoes ► the quality press (=newspapers intended for educated people)· The book received excellent reviews in the quality press. ► redeeming quality/feature etc (=the one good thing about an unpleasant person or thing) The hotel had a single redeeming feature – it was cheap. ► safety/hygiene/quality etc standards· All our products meet the current safety standards. ► star quality (=a special quality that could make someone a star)· She radiates genuine star quality. ► superior quality· Digital radios offer a superior quality of sound. COLLOCATIONS FROM THE CORPUSADJECTIVE► good· This provides for a supply of very good quality water to the main river, which itself is used as potable supply.· Patents and other proprietary mechanisms may prevent the use of the most efficient processes turning out the best quality products.· Spring greens are at their best and quality primo cabbage is the best green buy this week.· Scanners still provide better image quality and more flexibility than digital cameras.· It is offered on a half board basis and the management prides itself on its reputation for the good quality home-cooking.· Digital technology makes it easier to prevent signal theft and it means better voice quality and longer battery life.· It will print to laser or dot matrix and with a better quality than our 350.00 pound package does.· They have neglected the food shops and the markets where the merchandise is not of good quality and expensive. ► high· Plus two new additions, Sucrose and Caesium Chloride, assayed to the highest quality.· In this setting she has considerable responsibility and receives a great deal of respect for the high quality of her work.· Some writing is of undoubtedly high quality and may well find a place in the permanent repertoire of a wider public.· Some published material is hand written and of such high quality that it is difficult to distinguish it from a typeset score.· The Kintyre bar has a large selection of mouth-watering whiskies and the meals in the restaurant offer high quality cooking.· The Jericho Conspiracy combines high quality drama with a lower-intermediate language syllabus aimed to help lift students over the intermediate plateau.· It's being grown to make high quality paper and linen. ► poor· The problem of poor image quality can be tracked down to the scanning stage.· People are obliged to accept goods that are unexciting or of poor quality.· A new disease was identified which had the symptoms of workplace disunity, low productivity, poor quality products.· He had eaten in other rectories and had seen how deeply the poorer quality of meals could affect morale.· It is caused by bacteria or parasites or poor water quality and the only sure treatment is antibiotics, preferably by injection.· They can not risk using poor quality seed.· Creed recognised him from the picture on the front page of that morning's Dispatch, poor quality though it had been.· Prison statistics are poor in quality and, like crime statistics, are published several years late. ► top· Bovis Homes reckons a major plus point are the top quality carpets, which are included in the £139,950 price tag.· Salads with mixed greens and top quality olive oil or walnut oil can also be greatly enhanced by confit.· Customers are snapping up the top quality magazine with its wonderful photography and editorial.· The price is high but you are buying a top quality tent and one of the North Face's most popular.· It takes time, effort and money to produce top quality fruit and this is reflected in the price.· Name three features of Beaver's top quality competition prize. 3.· Naturally, treasurers will normally restrict their dealings to top quality financial institutions.· Offers of top quality second hand garments are welcome. NOUN► air· The Acts lay down a minimum standard for air quality, and impose pollution emission controls to particular polluters.· It also changed the monitoring period for ozone to better reflect actual air quality.· Seven actions for drivers are listed which would lead to improvement in air quality.· The technology is set up to register carbon monoxide and hydrocarbon emissions, big contributors to poor air quality.· He's being paid far below union wages in a factory with disgusting air quality.· Beds, bedding, noise, light, clocks, temperature, and air quality all make up your sleep environment.· Firstly, ambient air quality standards or goals need to be specified.· Urban environments imply low air quality very high levels of light pollution, and serious obscuration of the sky by tall buildings. ► control· Is it just to do with production quality control or does it also embrace marketing, accounting and other functions?· Most ReD seems to focus on indigenization, quality control and troubleshooting of imported technology.· This list can be used in your quality control checks.· Control charts and statistical quality control generally became popular during World War Il and peaked in the late 1940s.· They introduced rigid quality control, centralised distribution and electronic tills.· It is particularly useful for interlaboratory quality control programs.· Figure 7.8 illustrates the principles of statistical quality control leading to the most economic inspection technique for the degree of control required.· Shewhart was among the first to establish a scientific foundation for quality control and techniques for monitoring production process efficiency. ► water· This is one of the most important sources of water quality problems.· The water quality board cited the port in 1995 for excessive contaminants in the convention center operation.· Those beaches which benefit from improved sewage treatment systems, such as Hunstanton in Norfolk, are praised for their water quality.· Under pressure, power projects threatening water quality and marine life were halted.· Marines need special attention to water quality.· Coast -- $ 17 million for wetlands, water quality, planning, access and beach restoration.· It is caused by bacteria or parasites or poor water quality and the only sure treatment is antibiotics, preferably by injection.· In water quality and air quality, Texas has the worst record of any big state. VERB► improve· This easy-to-read article presents business examples of ways to measure and improve service quality.· Wise entrepreneurs understand that what they do should improve the quality of their lives and the lives of everyone they touch.· They lack confidence in their ability to effect change or improve the quality of their lives.· Allen King in Salinas has also adopted a new approach to helping his obese patients improve the quality of their lives.· In this period the coinage improves in quality and increases in volume; and the Treasury of Cyrene at Delphi was built.· The device is expected to improve patients' quality of life by allowing them to remain active and productive.· The idea of improving the quality of education did not come into any of the replies.· Meanwhile the Government has promised to reintroduce hospital matrons in an effort to improve the quality of nursing. ► judge· Put yourselves in the client's position: what would you judge as a quality, desirable service?· Every country must finally be judged by the quality of justice it delivers to its people.· The instrument maker knows how to choose his materials, and can judge their qualities and defects.· In addition, it can be difficult to judge the quality of some merchandise from a photo on a Web page.· Yet the headmistress believes it's a poor way to judge quality.· They judge for themselves the quality and character of the political leaders who parade before them on television seeking their support.· Consumers judge quality by comparing the service they receive against expectations of what they should receive.· One of the problems facing practitioners is judging the quality of a piece of research. PHRASES FROM THE ENTRY► quality of life 1[countable, uncountable] how good or bad something is: Much of the land was of poor quality. Use only high quality ingredients.quality of The quality of the water is reasonably good.2[countable usually plural] something that people may have as part of their character, for example courage or intelligence → characteristic: He shows strong leadership qualities. the personal qualities necessary to be a successful salesmanquality of the qualities of honesty and independence3[countable] something that is typical of one thing and makes it different from other things, for example size, colour etc: the drug’s addictive qualityquality of the physical and chemical qualities of the rock4[uncountable] a high standard: his pride in the quality of his craftsmanship wines of quality5quality of life how good or bad your life is, shown for example by whether or not you are happy, healthy, able to do what you want etc: drugs that improve the quality of life for very ill patientsCOLLOCATIONSADJECTIVES/NOUN + qualitygood/high· I was impressed that the quality of their work was so high.poor/low· The magazine is printed on low quality paper.excellent/outstanding· The T-shirts are only $10 and the quality is excellent.superior formal (=good or better quality)· These speakers offer superior quality sound.top quality· Our chef uses only top quality ingredients.water/air quality· Scientists took samples to test the water quality.sound quality· I apologise for the poor sound quality of this recording.picture quality (also image quality)· Does this type of TV set have a better picture quality?verbsimprove/enhance the quality· The measures will improve the quality of the water in the river.affect the quality· Lack of sleep started to affect the quality of his work.test/check/monitor the quality· The equipment is used to monitor the city’s air quality.maintain the quality· Staffing problems made it difficult to maintain the quality of the service.the quality goes up/down· I think the quality has gone down over the years.the quality suffers (=it is badly affected by something)· The picture quality suffers if the signal isn’t digital.quality + NOUNquality standards· Greater investment is needed to meet the European Union’s strict quality standards.COMMON ERRORS ► Don’t say ‘living quality’ or ‘life quality’. Say quality of life.
quality1 nounquality2 adjective qualityquality2 adjective [only before noun] ExamplesEXAMPLES FROM OTHER DICTIONARIES Collocations
COLLOCATIONS FROM OTHER ENTRIES► the air quality Phrases· The air quality is very poor on hot days. ► endearing qualities/traits etc Shyness is one of her most endearing qualities. ► exceptional quality· This is a wine of exceptional quality. ► high quality a range of high-quality goods at low prices ► inferior quality· The poor soil produces wine of inferior quality. ► intrinsic nature/quality/value/property of something There is nothing in the intrinsic nature of the work that makes it more suitable for women. ► leadership qualities She has great faith in her own leadership qualities. ► a quality newspaper British English (=a newspaper with a lot of serious news and good writing)· The story has not been given as much coverage in the quality newspapers. ► a quality paper British English (=one intended for educated readers)· Readers of quality papers, such as the Telegraph and the Guardian, are mainly employed in professional jobs. ► personal qualities· They stress the importance of a teacher’s personal qualities. ► premium quality premium quality British potatoes ► the quality press (=newspapers intended for educated people)· The book received excellent reviews in the quality press. ► redeeming quality/feature etc (=the one good thing about an unpleasant person or thing) The hotel had a single redeeming feature – it was cheap. ► safety/hygiene/quality etc standards· All our products meet the current safety standards. ► star quality (=a special quality that could make someone a star)· She radiates genuine star quality. ► superior quality· Digital radios offer a superior quality of sound. COLLOCATIONS FROM THE CORPUSNOUN► control· Chapter 4 comprehensively deals with the crucial topic of quality control and quality assurance.· I realized that I would lose quality control with all that franchising.· Furthermore, most of the government's quality control measures are irrelevant.· But these were costly and often dangerous, since quality control was nonexistent.· Vaccination and treatment of animals, and quality control of meat have been used to combat the disease. ► time· We think we are having quality time with our children; they think we are eating pizza.· Now we have closely monitored play groups, play dates, and quality time.· Moreover, it rethinks the quality time issue in terms of relationships in and outside the family.· Was it even possible to have quality time without quantity?· That I will never have enough spare time or free time or quality time to do my work in this way.· Spend quality time with my kid. PHRASES FROM THE ENTRY► quality newspapers/press etc 1[no comparative] very good – used especially by people who are trying to sell something: quality childcare at prices people can afford quality double glazing2quality newspapers/press etc British English newspapers etc intended for educated readers
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