单词	violation
释义	violationvi‧o‧la‧tion /ˌvaɪəˈleɪʃən/ ●○○ AWL noun [countable, uncountable] Examples EXAMPLES FROM OTHER DICTIONARIES Any further fighting will be seen as a violation of the ceasefire agreement. The UK government was found to be in violation of the European Convention. The United Nations described the invasion as 'a flagrant violation of international law'. The way they treat women there represents a gross violation of human rights. EXAMPLES FROM THE CORPUS His opponents say his return was a violation of a town code calling for direct election of the mayor. Rape, in her view, is aimed at humiliation and violation. Some public watchdogs say the council is dangerously close to a violation of the Open Meeting Law. The Sons filed the lawsuit about three weeks later, seeking $ 1, 000 for each alleged violation by the state. Thesaurus Longman Language Activatoran illegal action► offence British /offense American an illegal action for which you can be punished: · Travelling on the train without a ticket is an offence.it is an offence (for somebody) to do something: · It is an offence for a shopkeeper to sell alcohol to anyone under 18.commit an offence (=do something illegal): · Davies claimed that he did not know he was committing an offence by accessing the website.criminal offence: · Driving when drunk is a criminal offence.serious offence: · The number of women convicted of serious offences is still relatively small.minor offence (=not serious): · Motorists can be fined on the spot for minor offences, such as speeding. ► infringement an illegal action, especially one that breaks a law that protects someone's rights: infringement of: · The new rule was regarded as an infringement of the free-speech rights of government employees.· an infringement of Article 86 of the Treaty of Rome ► violation an action that breaks a law or agreement, especially one that has been agreed by several different countries - use this about a serious illegal action: violation of: · Any further fighting will be seen as a violation of the ceasefire agreement.flagrant/blatant violation of something (=one that is done without any attempt to hide it): · The United Nations described the invasion as 'a flagrant violation of international law'.gross violation of something (=a very serious violation): · The way they treat women there represents a gross violation of human rights.in violation of something: · The UK government was found to be in violation of the European Convention. ► breach something that a company or government does that breaks a particular law, especially when they do not do it intentionally: breach of: · This is a clear breach of the 1994 Trade Agreement.breach of contract: · Workers who have lost their jobs plan to sue the company for breach of contract.be in breach of something: · In future, six-monthly accounts will be required from those firms that are in breach of the rules. ► contravention formal something a business, organization, or government does that breaks a particular law or part of an official agreement: in contravention of something: · Many shops and bars stayed open, in contravention of the Sunday trading laws.contravention of: · It was a clear contravention of EU regulations. WORD SETS► Crime abet, verbaccusation, nounaccuse, verbaffray, nounarson, nounassault, nounassault and battery, nounbackhander, nounbattery, nounbigamy, nounblack market, nounblack marketeer, nounbreak-in, nounbreaking and entering, nouncaper, nouncapital, adjectivecarjacking, nouncat burglar, nouncontract, nouncosh, nouncounterfeit, adjectivecounterfeit, verbcover, nouncrack, verbcriminal, adjectivecriminal, nouncriminal law, nouncriminal record, nouncriminology, nouncrook, nounculpable, adjectiveculprit, noundefamation, noundefraud, verbdelinquency, noundelinquent, adjectivedelinquent, noundesperado, noundisorderly, adjectivedrug baron, noundrug runner, nounDUI, nounembezzle, verbexpropriate, verbextort, verbeyewitness, nounfelon, nounfelony, nounfence, nounfiddle, nounfiddle, verbfiddler, nounfilch, verbfinger, verbfire-raising, nounfirst offender, nounflash, verbflasher, nounforge, verbforger, nounforgery, nounfoul play, nounframe, verbframe-up, nounfratricide, nounfraud, nounfreebooter, noungang, noungang-bang, noungang rape, noungangster, nounGBH, noungenocide, noungetaway, noungodfather, noungrand larceny, noungrass, noungrievous bodily harm, nounheist, nounhijack, verbhijack, nounhijacking, nounhit, nounhit-and-run, adjectivehit man, nounincriminate, verbindecent assault, nounindecent exposure, nouninfanticide, nounjob, nounjoyriding, nounjuvenile delinquent, nounkidnap, verblarceny, nounlibel, nounlibel, verblibellous, adjectivelow life, nounmafioso, nounmalpractice, nounmanslaughter, nounmassacre, nounmassacre, verbmatricide, nounmisappropriate, verbmisconduct, nounmisdeed, nounmisdemeanour, nounmobster, nounmoll, nounmug, verbmugshot, nounmurder, nounmurder, verbmurderer, nounmurderess, nounmuscleman, nounnark, nounnefarious, adjectiveneighbourhood watch, nounnick, verbno-go area, nounoffence, nounoffend, verboffender, nounold lag, nounorganized crime, nounoutlaw, nounparricide, nounpatricide, nounpetty larceny, nounPhotofit, nounpiracy, nounplant, verbpoach, verbpoacher, nounpossession, nounprivateer, nounprotection, nounprowl, verbprowler, nounpublic nuisance, nounpull, verbpunk, nounpurloin, verbraid, nounram-raiding, nounrape, verbrape, nounrapist, nounravish, verbreceiver, nounreceiving, nounrecidivist, nounregicide, nounring, nounringleader, nounriotous, adjectiverob, verbrobber, nounrobbery, nounroll, verbrustler, nounscheme, nounscheme, verbshady, adjectiveshoplift, verbshoplifting, nounslander, nounsmuggle, verbsnout, nounspeeding, nounstabbing, nounstalking, nounstatutory offence, nounstatutory rape, nounsteal, verbstoolpigeon, nounsupergrass, nounsuspect, nounswag, nountheft, nounthief, nounthievish, adjectivetorch, verbtraffic, nountrafficker, nountriad, noununder-the-counter, adjectiveunderworld, nounundesirable, nounvagrancy, nounvandal, nounvandalism, nounvandalize, verbvice, nounvigilante, nounvillainy, nounviolate, verbviolation, nounwanted, adjective Collocations COLLOCATIONS FROM THE ENTRYADJECTIVES/NOUN + violation► a serious violation · The committee said there had been serious violations of Senate rules. ► a gross violation (=a very serious violation)· They had committed gross violations of the law. ► a clear violation · This is a clear violation of privacy rights. ► a flagrant/blatant violation (=a very clear violation)· The act of shooting down a civilian aircraft was a flagrant violation of international law. ► human rights violations (=violations of every person's right to be treated fairly and without cruelty)· There have been protests about human rights violations at the prison. ► a traffic violation · Speeding is one of the most common traffic violations. ► a ceasefire violation · Each side accused the other of ceasefire violations. ► safety violations · One oil rig worker blew the whistle on safety violations by his drilling company. verbs► commit a violation · Several soldiers were suspected of committing human rights violations. ► constitute a violation formal (=be a violation)· The actions may constitute a violation of the treaty. COLLOCATIONS FROM OTHER ENTRIES► flagrant abuse/violation/breach etc  flagrant violations of human rights COLLOCATIONS FROM THE CORPUSADJECTIVE► apparent · But the council, the majority of which backs Byrd, never accepted the resignation, an apparent violation of state law. ► clear · The White House denounced the abductions as a clear violation of Dayton. ► flagrant · We must be clear, this shooting of civilian aircraft out of the air was a flagrant violation of international law. ► gross · It would be a gross violation to carry out noisy or even physically energetic rituals or ceremonial activities at them. VERB► find · Thirty-nine states and the District of Columbia let officers issue seat-belt tickets only if they find another violation first.· All three bar officers from issuing tickets for unbelted driving unless they find another violation first.· In the Roth case itself, the Court did not find any violation of a liberty interest. Word family WORD FAMILYnounviolence ≠ non-violenceviolatorviolationadjectiveviolent ≠ non-violentverbviolateadverbviolently 1an action that breaks a law, agreement, principle etc:  human rights violationsviolation of a violation of international lawin violation of something Troops crossed the border in violation of the agreement.2an action that causes harm or damage by treating someone or their possessions without respectCOLLOCATIONSADJECTIVES/NOUN + violationa serious violation· The committee said there had been serious violations of Senate rules.a gross violation (=a very serious violation)· They had committed gross violations of the law.a clear violation· This is a clear violation of privacy rights.a flagrant/blatant violation (=a very clear violation)· The act of shooting down a civilian aircraft was a flagrant violation of international law.human rights violations (=violations of every person's right to be treated fairly and without cruelty)· There have been protests about human rights violations at the prison.a traffic violation· Speeding is one of the most common traffic violations.a ceasefire violation· Each side accused the other of ceasefire violations.safety violations· One oil rig worker blew the whistle on safety violations by his drilling company.verbscommit a violation· Several soldiers were suspected of committing human rights violations.constitute a violation formal (=be a violation)· The actions may constitute a violation of the treaty.
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