单词 | health |
释义 | healthhealth /helθ/ ●●● S1 W1 noun [uncountable] Word Origin WORD ORIGINhealth ExamplesOrigin: Old English hælth, from hal; ➔ WHOLE1EXAMPLES FROM OTHER DICTIONARIES Thesaurus
Longman Language Activatorhow healthy or unhealthy you are► health Collocations · Linda's one of those people who always seem to be worrying about their health.health problems · Pollution in the atmosphere causes serious health problems for many people.mental/physical health · Too much stress is likely to affect both your mental and physical health.be in good/poor health (=be healthy or unhealthy) · There's no reason why you shouldn't continue working until you're 70 or over, if you're in good health. to be likely to be dangerous to people or things► be a danger to somebody/something to be likely to harm other people or things: · People who drink and drive are a danger to themselves and to others.· The judge described Thomas as 'a danger to the public'.· Extreme nationalism is the single greatest danger to peace in the modern world. ► pose a threat formal if a situation or the existence of something poses a threat , it is dangerous to people: · Supplies of food were so low that this posed a threat as serious as invasion.pose a threat to: · Chemicals in our drinking water could pose a serious threat to public health.pose no threat: · Scientists feel that present levels of radiation pose no threat. ► threaten if an activity or a problem threatens something such as a place, animal, or way of life, it could cause it to no longer exist: · Illegal hunting threatens the survival of the African elephant.· By August, it was clear that the volcano could threaten the whole island. ► be a menace someone who is a menace behaves in a dangerous way, without thinking about the safety of other people: · Drivers like that are a menace. They shouldn't be allowed on the road.be a menace to: · We consider drug trafficking to be a menace to the security of our nation. ► be a hazard to be likely to kill people, cause accidents etc: · Ice on the road is a major hazard at this time of the year.be a hazard to: · The residents of Hollyhurst Road complained that cars parked there were a hazard to pedestrians.be a fire/health/environmental etc hazard: · Garbage that is left uncollected becomes a serious health hazard. ► a fire risk/health risk a situation or object that is likely to cause a fire or to damage people's health: · Litter problems and a high fire risk mean that there is now restricted camping on the route.· Cigarettes are acknowledged as a serious health risk and the main cause of lung cancer. ► death trap informal if a building, road, car etc is a death-trap , it is very dangerous to enter or use, for example because it is in very bad condition, or is badly designed: · Fire-safety inspectors described the basement night-club as a death trap.· The ancient bridge was described as a potential death trap for the tourists that flock there. the state of being healthy► health · For most animals, a shiny coat is a sign of health.· Your health is more important than any amount of money. ► wellbeing the condition of being healthy, happy, and having no problems: the wellbeing of somebody/somebody's wellbeing: · A warm home is essential to the wellbeing of elderly people.physical/mental/emotional etc wellbeing: · Samuel Roberts was a large man in his fifties who exuded physical wellbeing and self confidence.a feeling/sense of wellbeing: · It's a relaxing treatment that should leave you calm with a sense of wellbeing. ► wellness American when someone is usually healthy and does things to take care of their health, such as exercising and eating good foods: · In Denmark, regular health visiting promotes wellness by developing healthier children.· The institute trains people to manage wellness programs for industries, schools, communities and hospitals. someone who looks healthy► healthy-looking looking very healthy: · Two healthy-looking suntanned kids were playing in the driveway.· Even the most healthy-looking person could be carrying HIV. ► be a picture of health use this to say that someone looks extremely healthy: · The baby lay in her father's arms, a picture of health and contentment.look the picture of health: · In spite of all her complaints, Jilly looked the picture of health. something that is bad for your health► be bad for you/be bad for your health to make you less healthy or make you ill: · Children always seem to love food that's bad for them - ice-cream, sugar, burgers.· Everyone knows that smoking is bad for your health. ► unhealthy likely to make you ill or less healthy: · He has such an unhealthy lifestyle -- smoking, drinking, eating too much.· An unhealthy diet is one that is too high in fat and sugar and too low in fibre.· My mother thought it was unhealthy to sleep with the windows shut at night. ► harmful likely to have a bad effect on your health: · The new air pollution controls are designed to limit harmful emissions from industry and motor vehicles.· You should always use sunscreen to protect your skin from the harmful effects of the sun.harmful to: · As yet there is no proof that genetically modified foods are harmful to humans. ► damaging very harmful to your health, and usually having a permanent effect: · Avoid too much exposure to damaging ultraviolet light.damaging to: · X-rays can be extremely damaging to living cells. something that makes or keeps you healthy► healthy · Taking plenty of exercise can be both healthy and enjoyable.· I'm trying to eat a healthier diet now, with less fat and sugar.· a healthy outdoor life ► be good for you/be good for your health if something is good for you or is good for your health , it makes you more healthy or stops you getting ill: · Citrus fruits such as oranges and lemons are very good for you.· I can't see how gazing at a crystal is in any way good for your health.· I love junkfood but I know it's not good for me. ► do somebody good if something does you good , it makes you feel better physically or emotionally, especially when you have not been feeling well: · I thought that a vacation would do me good.· Let's ask Jean to come tonight.. It might do her good to meet some new people.do somebody the world of good (=make you feel a lot better): · What you need is a good night out - it'd do you the world of good! ► wholesome food that is wholesome helps you stay healthy because it has nothing unhealthy added to it and is usually prepared very simply: · 'Rosie's Pantry' is a small restaurant that serves good wholesome food.· Quality controllers ensure that all our products are safe, wholesome, and of good quality. ► nutritious food that is nutritious is full of natural substances that your body needs to stay healthy or to grow properly: · Brown bread is more nutritious than white.· I eat a lot of beans, lentils and vegetables, which are nutritious but cheap.· Milk is a very nutritious food, containing protein, vitamins and minerals. ► nourishing food that is nourishing helps your body to grow or to stay healthy and also gives you energy: · A simple chicken soup is both nourishing and delicious.· Preparing good nourishing family meals was a challenge with eight mouths to feed.· The Centre is open throughout the year, to ensure that homeless people can get at least one hot, nourishing meal a day. ► healthful American food or activities that are healthful help keep your body healthy: · The American breakfast is getting more healthful, with whole-grain breads and high-fiber cereals.· Our research group found that consumers want healthful food based on vegetables not meat products. ► beneficial formal something that is beneficial makes you more healthy or helps you to stay healthy: · The occasional glass of wine is both enjoyable and beneficial.beneficial to: · This treatment can be very beneficial, especially to young children. someone who is healthy► healthy someone who is healthy has nothing physically wrong with them: · I've been much healthier since I stopped smoking.· She's just had a lovely healthy baby girl. ► well healthy - use this to say that someone feels or looks healthy, or that they are healthy again after an illness: · "How are you?'' "I'm very well, thank you.''· Clare's been much better since the operation.look well: · You're looking well - have you been on holiday?fit and well: · You need to eat regular nourishing meals if you want to keep yourself fit and well. ► fine spoken say this when someone has asked you how you or someone else feels, and you are replying that you or the other person feels well: · "How are you?'' "Fine, thanks."· "How's your wife now?'' "Oh, she's fine, thank you.'' ► in good/perfect/excellent health formal very healthy: · The hostages arrived back in Britain yesterday, tired but otherwise in good health.· My grandmother remained in excellent health until she was in her nineties. when someone is often ill► sickly a sickly child is often ill: · He was a sickly child with a bad chest and a permanent cough.· Louise, who was often sickly, couldn't join in the other children's games. ► delicate formal unhealthy and weak and likely to become ill easily: · Clare was more active than her brother, who had always been a delicate child.· Mr Humphreys' wife was delicate - the doctor was called in once or twice a week. ► in poor health fairly ill all the time or over a long period of time, and generally not strong and healthy: · When he left Trinidad he was already over 60, frail, and in poor health. ► infirm formal not healthy or strong, especially because of old age: · She lives with her grandmother who is elderly and infirm.the infirm (=people who are infirm): · The "Meals on Wheels' service delivers food to the old and infirm. ► prone to something likely to become ill or to get a particular illness: · As a child she had always been prone to allergies.· The disease had left her weak and prone to all kinds of infections. WORD SETS► DAILY LIFEAC, accessory, nounadapter, nounaerosol, nounalarm, nounarm, nounash, nounattaché case, nounbag, nounbar, nounbarrel, nounbeep, verbbeeswax, nounbell, nounbelly, nounbelt, nounbench, nounbenzine, nounbinding, nounbiro, nounbolt, nounbooth, nounbox, nounbox, verbbrad, nounbriefcase, nounbristle, nounbrolly, nounbrush, nounbucket, nounbuckle, nounbuffer, nounbulb, nounBulldog clip, nounbulletin board, nounbullhorn, nounbung, nounbunting, nounbusiness card, nounbutt, nounbutton, nounbuzzer, nouncable, nouncalling card, nouncan, nouncandle, nouncane, nouncarbon, nouncarbon copy, nouncarbon paper, nouncard, nouncardboard, nouncardboard, adjectivecardboard cut-out, nouncard catalog, nouncarrier, nouncarrier bag, nouncarryall, nouncart, nouncarton, nouncartridge, nouncase, nouncaster, nouncatch, nounCellophane, nouncesspit, nounchain, nounchalice, nounchannel, nounchart, nounchute, nouncitronella, nounclamp, nouncleat, nounclip, nounclipboard, nouncomb, nouncombination lock, nouncompartment, nouncord, nouncrank, nouncrate, nouncrepe paper, nouncycle, noundetector, noundial, noundigital, adjectivedisposable, adjectivedrape, verbdrawing pin, noundryer, noundurable goods, nounDurex, nounearplug, nounelastic band, nouneraser, nouneyelet, nounfabric, nounfelt-tip pen, nounfemale, adjectivefence, nounfiberglass, nounfibreglass, nounfigurine, nounfilament, nounfile, verbFilofax, nounfire extinguisher, nounfirewood, nounfitness, nounflag, nounflagon, nounflagstaff, nounflashlight, nounflat, adjectivefloodlight, nounfoam, nounfoam, verbfog, verbfolder, nounfoolscap, nounforecourt, nounfountain, nounfountain pen, nounframe, nounfunnel, nounfuse, noungadget, noungadgetry, noungargle, verbgas, nounglue, noungoggles, noungold card, noungranny knot, noungravel, noungravelled, adjectivegravelly, adjectivegrease, noungreetings card, noungrommet, noungum, noungun, noungunnysack, noungut, nounhand-held, adjectivehandle, nounhandloom, nounharness, nounhasp, nounhealth, nounhessian, nounhinge, nounhip, nounhoarding, nounhoist, nounholder, nounhook, nounhoop, nounhooter, nounhose, nounhosepipe, nounhub, nounhygiene, nounhygienic, adjectiveillness, nounindented, adjectiveinflatable, adjectiveingrained, adjectiveink, nouninn, nouninnkeeper, nouninsoluble, adjectiveivory, nounjacket, nounjack-knife, nounjoss stick, nounjuggle, verbkey, nounkeypad, nounkey ring, nounKleenex, nounknife, nounknob, nounlabel, nounladder, nounlantern, nounlatch, nounlatchkey, nounlather, nounlather, verbLCD, nounlead, nounlectern, nounlegal pad, nounlens, nounletterbox, nounlever, nounlibrary, nounlid, nounlidded, adjectivelift, nounlight, nounlight bulb, nounlink, nounlinseed oil, nounlitter bin, nounlock, nounlodestone, nounlog, nounloop, verblost property, nounmagnet, nounmagnetic, adjectivemagnifying glass, nounmale, adjectivemantle, nounmanual, adjectivemarker, nounmarker pen, nounmarket day, nounmast, nounmastic, nounmatchstick, nounmaterial, nounmeter, nounmeths, nounmode, nounmortar, nounmortise lock, nounmould, nounmounting, nounmovement, nounnail, nounnameplate, nounnet, nounnib, nounnipple, nounnon-standard, adjectivenoose, nounnotebook, nounnotepad, nounnoticeboard, nounnozzle, nounnut, nounoil, verboilcan, nounoily, adjectiveorb, nounoutfit, nounoutlet, nounovernight, adverbpack, verbpackage, nounpad, nounpad, verbpadlock, nounpaintwork, nounpantyliner, nounpaper, nounpaperclip, nounpasserby, nounpaste, verbpasteboard, nounpatron, nounpatronage, nounpatronize, verbpattern, nounpaving, nounpearl, nounpen, nounpenknife, nounpicket fence, nounpillbox, nounpince-nez, nounpinhead, nounpipe, nounpix, nounpizza parlor, nounplug, nounpocket, nounpocketbook, nounpocket calculator, nounpocket knife, nounpointer, nounpoison, nounpole, nounportfolio, nounPost-it, nounpowder, nounpowdered, adjectivepropellant, nounpropelling pencil, nounpump-action, adjectivePX, nounquarter, verbrack, nounreceptionist, nounreel, nounrefill, nounreflector, nounrefrigerate, verbregimen, nounreservation, nounreserve, verbsachet, nounsack, nounscratchpad, nounscratch paper, nounscreen, nounsealant, nounsealer, nounsearchlight, nounseason ticket, nounseat, nounself-assembly, adjectiveseptic tank, nounservice, nounservice, verbsetting, nounshade, nounsharpener, nounshovel, nounshovel, verbshovelful, nounsilver paper, nounsiphon, nounslat, nounslice, verbslot machine, nounslug, nounsmoke, nounsoot, nounsort, nounspare part, nounspigot, nounsponge, nounspool, nounspout, nounspray, nounspray can, nounspray paint, nounspring, nounstaff, nounstake, nounstalk, nounstandard, nounstaple, nounstapler, nounstationery, nounsteam, nounsteam clean, verbsteel, nounsteel wool, nounstepladder, nounstick, verbstick, nounsticker, nounstilt, nounstopper, nounstorm lantern, nounstrap, nounstreamer, nounstring, nounstub, nounsucker, nounSuperglue, nounswipe, verbswitch, nounswivel, nountab, nountack, nountag, nountag, verbtank, nountap, nountape, nountassel, nountattle, verbtea break, nounthong, nounthread, nountime-saving, adjectivetinder, nountinderbox, nountissue, nountop, nountote bag, nountowel, verbtray, nountrolley, nountube, nountubing, nountwine, nountwo-way mirror, nounumbrella, nounvent, nounvial, nounwaiting room, nounwasher, nounwaste paper, nounwatch, nounwaterspout, nounwheeled, adjectivewhistle, verbwooden, adjectivewriting paper, noun COLLOCATIONS FROM THE ENTRYadjectives► good Phrases· Physical exercise is essential to good health. ► excellent· At the age of 70, her health is excellent. ► poor· He wanted to join the army but his health was too poor. ► ill health· He retired early due to ill health. ► failing health (=when someone is becoming more ill)· Despite failing health, he travelled to Australia to visit his son. ► mental health· Poverty affects children's physical and mental health. ► physical health· Her physical health was generally good. ► sexual health· The programme aims to educate teenagers about sexual health. ► general health (=the health of your whole body rather than a particular part)· A balanced diet will improve your general health. ► human health· Some chemicals pose a significant risk to human health. verbs► damage your health· There is no doubt that smoking can seriously damage your health. ► endanger your health (=cause danger to your health)· Being overweight endangers your health. ► improve (somebody's) health· Doing more exercise will improve your health. ► somebody's health improves· Her health improved slowly after she came home from hospital. ► somebody's health deteriorates (=gets worse)· Her health deteriorated rapidly. health + NOUN► health care (=care from doctors, nurses etc)· Many Americans cannot afford even basic health care. ► a health problem· He missed a lot of time at work through health problems. ► a health risk/hazard/threat (=something that could damage your health)· The report looked at the health risks linked to eating excess sugar. ► health benefits· the health benefits of doing yoga ► health effects· The study looked at the long-term health effects of drinking alcohol. ► a health warning (=a warning printed on a product that could harm you)· the health warning on cigarette packets phrases► be in good/poor health (=be healthy/unhealthy)· Her parents were elderly and in poor health. ► be good/bad for your health· Eating plenty of vegetables is good for your health. ► somebody's state of health· Your choice of exercise must depend on your general state of health. ► health and well-being· The breakfast program improves the health and well-being of the children. COLLOCATIONS FROM OTHER ENTRIES► the health/business/money etc aspect· the health aspects of chemical accidents· I’m not very interested in the business aspect. ► health benefits· Just 30 minutes of moderate daily activity yields health benefits. ► in the best of health He hasn’t been in the best of health lately. ► health care· The government has put a lot more money into health care. ► a health/medical centre (=where there are several doctors you can see for medical treatment)· The village has a small school and a health centre. ► a health/medical check· People over 60 should have regular medical checks. ► a health/medical clinic· Test results from a health clinic are available in about three weeks. ► a health club (=where you go to do physical exercise)· The hotel has its own health club with saunas, solarium and work-out equipment. ► health conscious· People are health conscious nowadays and careful about what they eat. ► an education/health/sports etc correspondent· Here is our sports correspondent with all the details. ► health/welfare/education expenditure (=money that a government spends on providing health services, welfare, or education)· There has been a steady rise in welfare expenditure. ► health and fitness· books about health and fitness ► frail health her frail health ► glowing with health She looked exceptionally well, glowing with health. ► a health hazard· The rubbish needs to be removed before it becomes a health hazard. ► hazardous to health The chemicals in paint can be hazardous to health. ► human health· Toxic waste is a risk to human health and the environment. ► health/medical insurance· None of her family have private health insurance. ► mental health Stress has an effect on both your physical and mental health. ► nursed ... back to health After Ray’s operation, Mrs Stallard nursed him back to health. ► a health outcome (=how healthy someone is after using a particular treatment, system etc)· the assessment of health outcomes ► a health/medical problem· Have you ever suffered from any of these health problems? ► health professionals health professionals (=doctors, nurses etc) ► health-giving properties· They believed that the water had special health-giving properties. ► medical/hospital/health etc records· The hospital could not find my mother’s medical records.· Patients’ hospital records are kept on a database. ► regain your strength/health· First he must rest and regain his strength. ► a health resort· We booked ourselves into a health resort for a weekend of pure indulgence. ► health and safety rules· You should follow any health and safety rules which apply to your workplace. ► health and safety (=things that are done to prevent people becoming ill or having accidents during an activity)· The Agency’s function is to promote health and safety at work. ► health scare a health scare ► somebody’s state of health· The doctor said my general state of health was good. ► the health care system· The West should be helping these countries to develop modern health care systems. ► a health warning (=a warning that something is bad for your health)· All tobacco products must carry a health warning. ► a research/rescue/health etc worker· Rescue workers searched the rubble all night looking for survivors. COLLOCATIONS FROM THE CORPUSADJECTIVE► environmental· The nursery has closed down while environmental health officers try to find the source of the food poisoning.· As usual, it is lagging behind on an environmental and health issue.· Eventually, environmental health officers seized Mary Carruthers' stereo system and speakers after a petition from neighbours.· This survey differs from previous ones in that the department brought in private surveyors to work with environmental health officers.· And Northamptonshire's environmental health officers are backing up that message.· Letters have been sent to scores of businesses which are subject to regular environmental health checks.· Roussel Uclaf is to buy Wellcome's environmental health businesses for £43m.· People holding loud parties or operating noisy machinery will be closely scrutinised by the council's environmental health officers. ► good· This demonstrates the difficulties in proving that higher expenditure leads to better health.· We want better education, better roads, and better health care, for the same tax dollar.· The fact is that we are contemplating not a two-tier health service but a better health service.· But having good mental health and a good self-image are more important.· The other seventy five percent remained in good health.· They won three straight, reached their mid-season bye week at 4-4 and flowed with good health and rampant optimism.· Anyone can start giving blood as long as they are between 18 and 60 years old and in good health.· But at least it could be better for your health and wealth. ► human· The data that result are increasingly applied to the evaluation of environmental and epidemiological problems concerned with human and animal health.· The tests are designed to ensure that the waste does not cause significant damage to marine wildlife or human health.· The resultant changes in regional species composition have many consequences for human health.· The docs' guesswork just goes to show how miraculously improbable human health really is.· The convention establishes the principle that nothing that is harmful to human health and marine life can be dumped at sea.· Chiron will have exclusive rights to develop and market any resulting compounds that can be used for human health.· In addition, some packaging which comes into close contact with food has implications on human health and quality of food.· We have always assumed that animal protein was the necessary kind for human health. ► ill· Thus, informal admissions were characterized by a combination of mental ill health and transgression of traditional social role expectations.· There are a whole lot of senators in worse health than Strom Thurmond.· Lord Hamlyn eventually broke cover himself, giving ill health as the explanation for his reticence.· She was starting at zero as she had very poor schooling due to ill health.· He suffered from ill health in 1840, and again in 1842 and 1844.· There is an enormous cost in terms of both human tragedy and the economic implications, through days lost through sickness and ill health.· The fifty nine year old singer who'd been dogged by ill health died at his home in Arbroath on Monday.· He was sent in May 1900 to Uppingham, where, suffering from ill health, he stayed only two terms. ► local· Contact your local community health council by letter or telephone and ask to be put in touch with whoever is responsible for your area.· Interested persons should call their local health department for information.· The largest allocations went, in order of size, to education, public works, defence, local government and health.· Like clockwork, she goes to the local health clinic every third month for three new cycles of free birth control pills.· Cartwright found that the lower socio-economic groups made less use of such local health services as ante-natal clinics or family planning clinics.· The Public Health Service, your local public health officials and your family physician will be able to help you.· The study has been commissioned by Liverpool University on behalf of the local health authorities.· No federal resources are provided to state and local health departments to support the national notifiable disease system. ► mental· Planning proposals for a new system of mental health services for the areas of Lisbon and Oporto were developed.· At times he wondered about his mental health.· Finally, there is mental health.· So they recover faster from illnesses. Mental health is also improved among patients who pray, according to studies.· Conclusion Our knowledge about mental health in later life remains patchy and is, in many domains, highly limited.· To get more funding, one community mental health center demonstrated an increased demand from dislocated workers.· Of the remaining 20% of the total transfer people with mental health problems will receive approximately 6%.· The private mental health workers would be hired on a contract basis through the county. ► national· The position, as the Government have repeatedly made clear, is that trusts will remain part of the national health service.· Dole accused Clinton of improperly claiming credit for a number of measures of national economic health.· We need to keep them within the national health service work force and to make better use of their additional skills.· On 31 March 1987 there were 942 practices in the national health service which used a computer.· Has not the experiment proved a disaster for vast numbers of national health service patients?· This was an important step towards a national health service, though in practice few authorities did much to modernize their facilities. ► physical· Their deteriorating physical and mental health offers only the prospect of further decline and the ultimate sentence of old age - death.· Depression is a leading cause of suicide in the elderly, and also affects mood, behavior and physical health.· Of course fitness is only one cornerstone in the triangle of physical health: the other two are diet and sleep.· Mental and physical health may be taxed by child care.· What is the cost to your emotional and physical health? 7.· After all: Physical beauty is not... as important as physical health. ► poor· Thus the impact of an increased risk of coronary heart disease associated with poor dental health could be substantial.· Both single people and unhappily married people report poorer health than peo-ple who are happily married or partnered.· The effects are more severe than oxygen depletion and may result in prolonged poor health in your fish.· Who could blame a wife, herself elderly and in poor health, for suggesting suicide to her terminally ill husband?· Even during recent years of poor health, his outstanding qualities were riveting charm and mental vitality.· New studies suggest children of divorce face a higher risk of depression, poor health and delinquency.· The monument, by Barzaghi, was completed when the writer was old and in poor health, as can been seen.· The exceptionally poor health of the Aboriginal community has elicited cross party support for action. ► primary· The front-line members of these teams are local women recruited and trained to provide primary health care to their villages.· My family health services authority is making plans to establish its own primary health care research ethics committee.· A member of the primary health care team has now been designated liaison officer and all messages are passed to her.· It could lead to the dilution and fragmentation of the strengths and skills of the primary health care team.· The Tomlinson report's description of the inadequacy of primary and community health services in London commands widespread agreement.· No one model of primary and community health services will be appropriate across the whole city.· There may also be inter-professional tensions, as well as intra-professional ones, for example in the case of primary health care teams. ► private· They may encourage home ownership, or private health insurance or personal pensions.· Home care is also provided by private home health agencies, hospitals and public health departments.· We will abolish tax relief for private health insurance, whilst protecting the rights of existing policy-holders.· Objective: a totally private health market.· Further moves could also be made towards increasing the two-way interaction between public and private health care sectors.· That includes fraud against private health plans and against government programs such as Medicare.· Because neither life insurance nor private health plans normally cover you against the financial consequences of a permanently disabling accident.· The system serves people with severe and persistent mental illnesses who lack private health insurance. ► public· Such methods are more difficult to handle when it comes to public health...· Both individual health care coverage and core public health functions are needed to maintain health at the community level.· This marriage between epidemiology and statistics is reinforced in schools of public health, where the subjects are usually taught in parallel.· The public health infrastructure of this country is poorly prepared for the emerging disease problems of a rapidly changing world.· Central to the concept of prevention in the public health model is the idea of cause.· One of the worst city public health departments in the country, politically corrupt, was no better after four years.· Students who successfully complete the work will receive a new degree, a graduate certificate in public health.· The health of a community is vital to the health of individuals and must be maintained through effective public health approaches. ► well· The less stock, the better its health and growth rate.· We want better education, better roads, and better health care, for the same tax dollar.· This demonstrates the difficulties in proving that higher expenditure leads to better health.· Diet books can work similarly, by offering readers inspiration and a new strategy toward weight loss or better health.· But at least it could be better for your health and wealth.· It funds research into the better health of women and babies around the country.· Vice-versa, an educated general public is likely to make better use of health services than an illiterate public.· It duly noted that extra money would not necessarily buy better health. NOUN► authority· A consultant paediatrician yesterday joined Labour candidate Alan Milburn to oppose a merger between two district health authorities.· New York City health authorities also took a benign view of leprosy.· The financial management of community care funds to be transferred from both social security and health authorities. 3.· Huw Lloyd for the health authority.· But both health authorities issued a warning that the charter needs support from patients if it is to be a success.· The health authority agreed to settle the case just a week before it was due to go to court.· But now the health authority has refused the money, the handouts will stop.· There was a range of health authority resources. ► benefit· The evidence now suggests that giving up smoking in the seventh decade of life brings health benefits.· He observes that managed care companies have simply responded to employers who pay health benefits and want to cut costs.· The President may indeed have settled on a programme of health benefits and how to finance them.· Or it could be other things in the foods that happen to be rich in beta carotene that provide the health benefits.· QALYs are a method of assessing the health benefits of a given procedure against the resources used to achieve it.· To encourage employers to provide health benefits, the cost they incur could be credited toward the minimum-wage increase.· It might be noted that some of these health benefits are very substantial.· Their pollsters have warned that the public understandably reacts negatively when told health benefits may be slashed. ► care· That is what we seek to do, rather than adopting a defeatist attitude to the delivery of health care.· The other is preventive health care for all, including prenatal care.· Health authorities will now start buying health care from a range of competing providers.· Job creation in some areas, such as health care, is likely to be offset by big cutbacks at AT&.· At the governmental level, administration and whole health care systems become geared to particular forms of approach.· All other health care funds with 10-year records have seen double-digit losses in their weakest year.· Purchasers and providers recognise that sharing of information can contribute to the shared aim of improving health care.· That was the conclusion of a General Accounting Office report in 1992 on fraud in the health care system. ► centre· Adolescents, men, the homeless, and people with sexually transmitted diseases may not feel comfortable in a health centre.· A community psychiatry system was adopted which had the mental health centre at the middle.· The district nurse is attached to the general practitioner surgery or health centre.· The old police station is now the health centre with four doctors and several community nurses.· That health centre job must really pay.· The cash has bought medical equipment which will be presented tomorrow in Mr Horne's name to the town's health centre. ► club· Seven purpose-built conference suits, exclusive health club and heated indoor pool and gymnasium.· The department occasionally receives complaints about health clubs, usually alleging a club did not fulfill promises about its facility or equipment.· I had been to the health club there.· The store cost $ 185 million to open, sporting custom-made furniture and a health club.· An early form of health club?· They appear in health club ads, fit, trim and tanned, with impossibly taut abdomens.· You know what it costs to join a health club these days?· Join a health club to improve your fitness and figure. look carefully at your clothes. ► department· But Keith Atkinson, director of the council's environmental health department, remains unconvinced that the allotment owners are blameless.· In contrast, non-communicable diseases have been virtually ignored by local health departments.· Home care is also provided by private home health agencies, hospitals and public health departments.· This had been carried out inside the health department and had come up with findings that were easily predictable.· Reporting would be received by state health departments as soon as cases are suspected or identified.· However, limited resources have left many state and local health departments with inadequate capacity to conduct surveillance for most infectious diseases.· Most state health departments and many larger local city / county health departments have assigned specific personnel to deal with AIDS-related matters. ► education· Certainly those working with the mentally ill or the handicapped or the senile or in health education may properly think it is.· Programs of health education for professionals, as well as for the public, were introduced.· The environmental organization had written to all the country's general practitioners in January offering a health education poster and booklet.· What can be done to ensure that the staff development needs of health education co-ordinators are met?· Maternity work with women from varied ethnic backgrounds developed my interest into health education and promotion.· Clinical and research interests include psychiatric, paediatric and adult nursing; midwifery; community nursing and health education.· Certain health education topics such as bereavement, child abuse and education for parenthood were omitted by large numbers of schools. ► food· I discovered they're all switching to health foods, cutting out fat, salt and pork.· Similasan Eye Drops 3 for computer eye fatigue will be available beginning this month in health food stores and select pharmacies.· Many people believe that they help emotional and psychological symptoms; they are available from some chemists and health food shops.· A health food store is a good place to search for the herbs listed above.· Lunch can be a sandwich filled with vegetarian cheese or a ready-made spread from a health food shop.· The children ate organic foods from health food stores and from the garden at their home.· If you are tense try some of the natural relaxant products that are available from health food stores, rather than taking drugs.· Charlie wants to start a campaign to get people to eat grass-fed beef as a health food. ► hazard· Living close to overhead electric power lines causes health hazards.· The public is convinced tobacco smoking is a health hazard and must be reined in.· Campaigners claim deposits of coal dust released into the atmosphere are a health hazard and a nuisance.· Excess body fat is a health hazard.· Henry did realize, didn't he, that what he'd done had constituted a real health hazard?· A public health hazard, to be sure, but not exactly the stuff of a page-turner.· It happens like this: a pressure group asserts that promotion of product X causes health hazards and demands a marketing code.· Nothing is maintained, sewer networks, water pipes, or treatment plants, so health hazards have flourished. ► insurance· If you have health insurance, you may be covered for private treatment abroad anyway.· The health care and health insurance system we knew is gone.· Laws extending health insurance and maternity leave?· A consensus has long existed to make health insurance portable and to assure some coverage for people with existing health problems.· Employers buy health insurance with pre-tax dollars.· The health-insurance industry might object because the Amish do not purchase health insurance.· New concepts-Underwriting critical illness and permanent health insurance being sold in volumes by experienced sales people.· A typical business spends an amount equal to half of its annual earnings on employee health insurance. ► official· But health officials say that would be impossible.· State health officials have warned that some of those structures are so weak that they could collapse at any time.· Surely local health officials have a duty to make the most of the limited funds at their disposal.· The slow-moving plume has moved thousands of yards past the five-acre yard at Bernardo Avenue and Gamble Lane, health officials say.· The ruling also denies a request from state health officials to have Lake County pay for 24-hour, guarded supervision of Sherrod.· This week, health officials are linking the death of a 3-week-old boy in Indiana to the pet iguana.· The Public Health Service, your local public health officials and your family physician will be able to help you.· The fuel behind the rabies terror may be the fear of local health officials. ► problem· Pattern of disease health problems, 2.· To what extent is work inhibition a consequence of mental health problems?· However, it is clear that chronic health problems appear to increase with age.· Some people are very committed to the belief that weight loss is a national health problem.· Throughout the world, the virus hepatitis B has recently become a major health problem.· His wife also has suffered stress-related health problems, he said.· Of the remaining 20% of the total transfer people with mental health problems will receive approximately 6%.· Others, however, thought that there were other health problems more worthy of their attention. ► professional· Handwashing seems such a simple task but in fact is a subject of surprising contention among health professionals.· A cavalier unconcern about such consequences is too often the response of powerful mental health professionals who create categories of abnormality.· He is not an engineer, a sanitation expert or a health professional.· Although subtle, this shift demonstrates what health professionals see as a change in priority.· Clearly this method disposes the health professionals toward feeling that they have helped architect the final programme.· All this adds up to a full-scale revolt against status quo medicine by the largest group of health professionals.· We will increase the availability both of treatment by women health professionals and of home birth.· It was approved by the Food and Drug Administration and enjoyed a sterling reputation among health professionals. ► risk· Are the long-term health risks of playing through injury explained to, and understood by, players?· All have policies allowing women of child-bearing age to transfer to other jobs if they are concerned about health risks.· These circumstances, along with the health risk, convinced Leopold of the need to leave the city for a while.· The health risks of dieting should be more of an issue for her.· I find it very sad that the traditional weekend by the sea cam now be considered a health risk.· Multiple birth babies have a much greater health risk than single births, including life-long health consequences, the study said.· The environment minister, Michael Meacher, conceded that the pyres could be a health risk.· Some people began early on to hint that fat was a health risk. ► service· To spell out how the concept works, plans for care management in Southwark's mental health services are described.· A license is not required in other areas of health services management.· I wonder what the Labour party would cut elsewhere in the health service to make up for that loss of revenue.· Critics say food vouchers, health services and company warehouse-style housing with accompanying bedtime curfews smack of sharecropping days.· In these circumstances the long-term future for mental health services in inner London was not good.· Program evaluation is one of the methods of control used in health services.· Ministers believe these partnerships are vital to their pledge to revitalise the health service, public transport and education.· It chronicles recent changes within the professions and the health services and is a useful source of reference and information. ► status· Consequently mortality is the oldest and most widely used index of health status.· Kassebaum wanted some sort of rating system that would rank the states by the general health status of their populations.· It is accepted that within any given population there are natural variations in health status.· Outcomes are considered the ultimate indicators of quality measuring the actual health status of the client.· Perceptions of health status One aspect of health status omitted from the previous chapter on morbidity relates to perceived health status.· The first step is to establish that linkage between nutrition factors and health status in a systematic way.· Perceptions of health status One aspect of health status omitted from the previous chapter on morbidity relates to perceived health status.· It involved following the health status and disabilities of a national sample of people for 12 years. ► system· They are also helping to developing models for an alternative health system.· The mental health system was even worse.· The strain on the health system can be lessened by family, social, and psychological support mechanisms in the community.· Women are driven through the health system like sheep through a dip.· Historically, countrywide health improvements have begun with the public health system. ► visitor· The pressures of child-abuse work prevent most health visitors from doing more than minimal surveillance of the frailest old people.· If you are worried about them, talk to your doctor, midwife or health visitor.· The services included midwives, health visitors, district nurses and various clinics.· They asked for a multi-agency conference to be convened, involving the Social Work Department, teachers, doctors and health visitors.· Health union negotiators said they would refuse to accept the award for Britain's 600,000 nurses, midwives and health visitors.· Ealing social services informed Hackney social workers and the health visitor that the family would be temporarily in the borough.· We are told that there are 28,000 qualified district nurses and health visitors.· It is important that the health visitors and nurses who go to those homes can meet the needs that they find there. ► warning· As ever, the normal health warnings apply.· California has required health warnings on all alcoholic beverages and in all premises that sell alcohol.· The Food Safety Directorate say that all packets of cling film should carry health warnings.· The most visible effect would be general health warnings covering up to 40 percent of packages of cigarettes as of September 2002.· A total of 169 days merited health warnings in 1989.· A health warning has also been issued against the consumption of mussels from the area, which extends form Berwick to Newcastle-upon-Tyne.· Given the potential for abuse, should drinks packaging carry a health warning on the label?· His bone-structure showed strength, yet his mouth had a masculine sensuality that should have carried a health warning. ► worker· There was a shortage of trained health workers in all categories.· She has been diagnosed with tuberculosis, kidney problems and malnutrition, health workers say.· We talked to health workers and campesinos all over the country.· Also patron of health workers, interracial justice, public education, and race relations.· Doctors are the most expensive health workers.· There are certainly fewer trained health workers in the field now than in 1985.· Understandably, health workers and the public are confused.· A professional mental health worker should have access to information concerning local support and self-help groups. VERB► damage· Still to come ... can the new craze for step aerobics actually damage your health?· Inside the body, the virus is powerful and can be extremely damaging to human health.· Avoid poisons Every day there is another scare about some product damaging our health.· The blocking of natural functions can damage our health.· It is a state of unease of the mind, and in the horse damages both its health and behaviour.· Living can damage your health, he wrote.· Similarly, workfare might expose people to the stigma and frequent humiliations that are damaging to health. ► fail· After the great disaster of his failed health reforms, he rarely tried again to do anything bold.· She was forced to leave the convent because of her failing health.· Far down the list of arguments had been that Gen Pinochet was an old man, with failing health.· Public officials lacking his peculiar combination of charm and combativeness have failed to improve health, education, or housing. ► improve· This is important because there are many interests which may try to stifle attempts to improve health care.· Healthy, it seems to me, is something that improves your health when you eat it, like broccoli or kale.· The only way to improve the health of the children is to ensure they get non-radiated food, clean water and air.· He also listed the capital investments that have been made to improve health care in his constituency.· Such programmes should be directed at lifestyle rather than disease detection, and targeted at improving the health of women of all ages.· Campaigns to improve the health of the armed forces represented a classic instance of the inter-relation between science and politics.· Unless the stressful tension is released, it will not improve the health, the temper or the situation. ► provide· The front-line members of these teams are local women recruited and trained to provide primary health care to their villages.· The Senate added a $ 16 billion tobacco tax to provide extra health care funding for uninsured children.· Many authorities provide extensive occupational health facilities which are not available in all employment situations.· To encourage employers to provide health benefits, the cost they incur could be credited toward the minimum-wage increase.· A local government, for example, may provide health, education and highway services.· However, providing health care to all Texas children would be costly.· The growing role of municipalities in providing health care means that there is bound to be more emphasis on primary care.· Under the system they envision, employers would have to provide health insurance. ► spend· The austerity measures affected primarily spending on health, social welfare, defence and overseas development assistance.· Also, as incomes increase with economic growth, citizens are willing to spend more for health and safety.· We note, however, that this figure is extremely high, considering the amounts spent in other health and safety areas.· How much money has his Department spent in conjunction with the health board on those applications?· Other fixes are more complex and include changing how Medicare pays doctors and hospitals, monitors spending and subsidizes private health insurers.· But since 1985 governments have cut down drastically on the amount they are spending on health.· Hospitals receive about 42 % of all the money spent on health care, an estimated-150 billion in 1983. PHRASES FROM OTHER ENTRIES► give somebody/something a clean bill of health Word family
WORD FAMILYnounhealthhealthinessadjectivehealthy ≠ unhealthyadverbhealthily ≠ unhealthily 1the general condition of your body and how healthy you are: I’m worried about my husband’s health.2the work of providing medical services to keep people healthy: The government has promised to spend more on health and education. health insurance nurses and other health workers → public health3when you have no illness or disease: Even if you haven’t got much money, at least you’ve got your health. When we last met, he was glowing with health (=was clearly very healthy).4how successful something such as a business, an organization, or a country’s economy is: The monthly trade figures are seen as an indicator of the health of the economy. → a clean bill of health at clean1(13)COLLOCATIONSadjectivesgood· Physical exercise is essential to good health.excellent· At the age of 70, her health is excellent.poor· He wanted to join the army but his health was too poor.ill health· He retired early due to ill health.failing health (=when someone is becoming more ill)· Despite failing health, he travelled to Australia to visit his son.mental health· Poverty affects children's physical and mental health.physical health· Her physical health was generally good.sexual health· The programme aims to educate teenagers about sexual health.general health (=the health of your whole body rather than a particular part)· A balanced diet will improve your general health.human health· Some chemicals pose a significant risk to human health.verbsdamage your health· There is no doubt that smoking can seriously damage your health.endanger your health (=cause danger to your health)· Being overweight endangers your health.improve (somebody's) health· Doing more exercise will improve your health.somebody's health improves· Her health improved slowly after she came home from hospital.somebody's health deteriorates (=gets worse)· Her health deteriorated rapidly.health + NOUNhealth care (=care from doctors, nurses etc)· Many Americans cannot afford even basic health care.a health problem· He missed a lot of time at work through health problems.a health risk/hazard/threat (=something that could damage your health)· The report looked at the health risks linked to eating excess sugar.health benefits· the health benefits of doing yogahealth effects· The study looked at the long-term health effects of drinking alcohol.a health warning (=a warning printed on a product that could harm you)· the health warning on cigarette packetsphrasesbe in good/poor health (=be healthy/unhealthy)· Her parents were elderly and in poor health.be good/bad for your health· Eating plenty of vegetables is good for your health.somebody's state of health· Your choice of exercise must depend on your general state of health.health and well-being· The breakfast program improves the health and well-being of the children. |
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