英语词汇“independence”的英英意思、用法、释义、翻译、读音、例句、短语、词组-英语词典

EXAMPLES FROM OTHER DICTIONARIES

financial independence
Gradually schools gained a certain amount of independence from the Church.
He was desperate to get a job and regain his independence.
Roz said she'd never marry because she valued her independence too much.
She no longer had that feeling of independence she had fought so hard to win.
She worked hard to gain financial independence.
Since independence, the country has had high unemployment.
the American war of independence
The apartments allow older people to keep their independence, while having medical care available.
The British granted independence to Ceylon in 1948.
the Vietnamese struggle for independence
There is a move to increase the independence of the judiciary.
Though they want to exert their independence, these kids are not quite ready for it.
Your first pay cheque gives you a terrific sense of independence.

EXAMPLES FROM THE CORPUS

I had this sense of independence.
Inflation - rampant since independence - now went mad.
Many became voluntary controlled, with more carefully circumscribed independence and total support from public funds.
Money means mobility, money means independence and personal dignity.
Only the Kandyan Kingdom maintained its independence in the interior.
Shyness in this instance has proved a virtue and its resulting insularity and independence a blessing.
This vital dilemma is discussed later in chapter 11, along with the pros and cons of independence.
Thus the national economic programme departs from the political; national independence does not include economic independence.

Longman Language Activatorwhen you are independent► independence

· He was desperate to get a job and regain his independence.· Roz said she'd never marry because she valued her independence too much.· Though they want to exert their independence, these kids are not quite ready for it.· Your first pay cheque gives you a terrific sense of independence.gain/win/achieve etc independence · She no longer had that feeling of independence she had fought so hard to win.financial/economic independence · She worked hard to gain financial independence.

► self-sufficiency

when you are independent, either because you can live happily without needing a lot of friends, or because you do not need to buy food or other products from other places: · I admired his air of self-sufficiency.· He promised to do more to help welfare recipients achieve self-sufficiency.· The Administration of Native Americans (ANA) promotes the goal of social and economic self-sufficiency for Indian tribes.

► self-reliance

when you are independent, because you can solve your own problems and are able to do things by yourself, and do not need the help or support of anyone else: · The older children are beginning to develop self-reliance.· Both men display the fiery self-reliance that natives of Oregon tend to possess.

not controlled by or depending on another country or organization► independent

· We must encourage independent governments, not economic satellites.independent from · The country became independent from France in 1964.· The country has three major network television stations, plus one independent station.

► independence

political freedom from control by the government of another country: · the American war of independence· the Vietnamese struggle for independence· There is a move to increase the independence of the judiciary.independence from: · Gradually schools gained a certain amount of independence from the Church.grant independence (to somebody): · The British granted independence to Ceylon in 1948.

► sovereign

not controlled by any other country - used especially in an official or political contexts: · It was a number of years before Canada was accepted by the world as a sovereign state.· The Hopi tribe asserted their rights as a sovereign nation.sovereign rights/power/status: · We fully recognize France's sovereign power in that area.

► autonomous

part of a country or organization that is autonomous is partly independent and has the right to organize most of its own activities, business etc: · Andorra is autonomous, with its external affairs managed by both France and Spain.· The councils, which are locally autonomous, act as courts for the whole area.

► self-governing

a part of a country or organization that is self-governing is controlled by the people who live or work there, as opposed to the larger country or organization that it belongs to: · The farmers are members of a small self-governing co-operative group.· The Orthodox Church is composed of 23 self-governing churches. · Many of the larger communities felt they would be better off if they were self-governing.

► self-sufficient

a country or part of a country that is self-sufficient produces all the food and other products that it needs: · The new technologies have made India agriculturally self-sufficient.· Many areas of the world still have self-sufficient rural economies.self-sufficient in: · France was self-sufficient in cereals, and exported its surplus.

to no longer be controlled by another country► become independent

· The Republic of Namibia became independent on 21 March 1990, ending 74 years of South African rule.become independent from · The Solomon Islands became independent from Britain about 15 years ago.

► gain/win/get independence

to become independent after a war or a long struggle: · Political unity was the surest way to achieve independence.gain/win/get independence from: · Since gaining independence from Britain in 1961, Sierra Leone has been attempting to unify and modernize the country.

WORD SETS► Government

absolutism, nounadministration, nounagency, nounagent, nounagent provocateur, nounalderman, nounally, nounassembly, nounautarchy, nounautocracy, nounautocrat, nounautonomous, adjectiveautonomy, nounban, nounbaron, nounbig government, nounbilateral, adjectivebody politic, nounbudget, nounbureau, nounbureaucracy, nouncabinet, nouncaliphate, nouncanton, nouncanvass, verbcapital, nouncapitalist, nounCapitol Hill, nounCBE, nouncede, verbcentral, adjectivecentral government, nouncentralism, nouncentralize, verbchancellery, nounchancery, nouncharter, nouncharter, verbchief, nounCIA, the, city hall, nouncity-state, nounclient state, nounCo., coalition, nouncold war, nouncolonial, adjectivecolonial, nouncolonialism, nouncolonize, verbcolony, nouncommissioner, nouncommune, nounconsort, nounconstitution, nounconstitutional, adjectiveconstitutionality, nounconvention, nouncoronation, nouncount, nouncounterintelligence, nouncountess, nouncounty, nouncounty council, noundecolonize, verbdemocracy, noundemocratic, adjectivedependency, noundespotism, noundétente, noundethrone, verbdevolution, noundictatorial, adjectivedictatorship, noundiplomacy, noundiplomatic immunity, noundirective, noundisinformation, noundispatch, noundispensation, noundissent, verbdistrict council, noundocumentation, nounDOD, dominion, nounDowning Street, noundynasty, nounearl, nounearldom, nounempire, nounEuro, adjectiveEurope, nounexecutive, nounexecutive privilege, nounfall, verbfall, nounfederalism, nounfeudal, adjectivefeudalism, nounfeudalistic, adjectivegazette, nounhead of state, nounhigh commission, nounimperial, adjectiveindependence, nounindependent, adjectiveinfrastructure, nouninstigate, verbinsurgent, nouninsurrection, nounintelligence, nouninternal, adjectivejunket, nounjunta, nounkingdom, nounkingship, nounkitchen cabinet, nounland office, nounland registry, nounlegation, nounlegislature, nounlicensed, adjectivelocal authority, nounlocal government, nounmaharajah, nounmaharani, nounmandate, nounmandated, adjectivemartial law, nounMBE, nounmeasure, nounmidterm, nounministry, nounminority government, nounmisrule, nounmonarchy, nounmonolith, nounmonolithic, adjectivemoratorium, nounmouthpiece, nounmove, verbmover, nounmunicipal, adjectivemunicipality, nounNASA, nounnational, adjectivenational debt, nounNational Health Service, the, nationalize, verbnational monument, nounnation state, nounNATO, nounneocolonialism, nounneutral, adjectiveneutral, nounneutralize, verbnon-aligned, adjectivenon-intervention, nounnon-proliferation, noun-ocracy, suffix-ocrat, suffixofficiate, verboligarchy, nounoperational, adjectiveoperative, nounoverthrow, verboverthrow, nounoverturn, verbpacify, verbpact, nounpalatinate, nounpardon, nounparish, nounpartition, nounpass, verbpeer, nounpeer, verbpeerage, nounpeeress, nounpermit, nounplenary, adjectiveplutocracy, nounpolice state, nounpolitburo, nounpolitical science, nounpolity, nounpork, nounpork barrel, nounportfolio, nounpossession, nounprecinct, nounprefecture, nounpremiership, nounpresidium, nounprotectorate, nounpublic, adjectivepublic service, nounquota, nounR, ratify, verbrealm, nounrecall, nounrecognition, nounrecognize, verbregency, nounregent, nounregime, nounregister, nounregulation, nounrelease, nounrepeal, verbrepresentative, nounrepressive, adjectiverepublic, nounrepublican, adjectiverescind, verbreunify, verbrevoke, verbrising, nounroyalist, nounruling, adjectivesanction, nounseat, nounsecret agent, nounsecurity service, nounself-governing, adjectiveself-rule, nounsheikh, nounshire, nounsocial democracy, nounsocialist, adjectivesocial service, nounsovereign, adjectivesovereignty, nounspin doctor, nounstaff, nounstate, nounstatehood, nounStatehouse, nounstate line, nounstate of emergency, nounstatewide, adjectivesubject, adjectivesubject, verbsultanate, nounsummit, nounsuperpower, nounsuppress, verbsupranational, adjectivesurgery, nounsuzerainty, nountechnocracy, nounterritory, nounthrone, nountopple, verbtotalitarian, adjectivetown planning, nountownship, nountransit visa, nountreaty, nountribalism, nountripartite, adjectivetrusteeship, nountsarism, nountyrant, nountzarism, noununconstitutional, adjectiveunification, noununify, verbunilateral, adjectiveunion, nounUnion Jack, nounvassal, nounVIP, nounviscount, nounviscountess, nounwelfare state, nounWhitehall, noun

COLLOCATIONS FROM THE ENTRY Meanings 1 & 2adjectives► full/complete independence

· The country gained complete independence from Britain in the 1960s.

► political/economic independence

· Zambia achieved political independence without a prolonged conflict.

► national independence

· The struggle for national independence lasted over 20 years.

► local independence

· The new constitution aims to strengthen local independence.

verbs► get independence

· The country eventually got its independence in 1960.

► gain/achieve/win independence

(=get independence)· Our aim was to achieve full independence.

► declare independence

· Estonia declared independence on August 20th.

► grant something independence

(=allow a country to become independent)· It was General de Gaulle who granted Algeria independence.

► bring independence to something

· The rebels fought to bring independence to East Africa.

► move towards independence

(=gradually achieve it over a period of time)· The country was slowly moving towards independence.

independence + NOUN► Independence Day

(=a day on which a country's independence is celebrated)· The president was on television giving his Independence Day speech.

► independence celebrations

· The region is preparing for Monday's independence celebrations.

phrases► the struggle for independence

· The struggle for independence continued for three decades.

COLLOCATIONS FROM OTHER ENTRIES► declared independence

We celebrate September 16, the day when Mexico declared independence from Spain (=officially stated that it was no longer ruled by Spain).

► gain independence

· Jamaica has had this flag since 1962, when it gained independence from Britain.

► independence/strength/flexibility of mind

men who were chosen for their independence of mind

► a pro-democracy/pro-independence etc rally

· Thousands joined a pro-democracy rally in the city.

COLLOCATIONS FROM THE CORPUSADJECTIVE► complete

· The 1983 Act has invalidated many of the previous criticisms about the lack of complete independence from the executive.

► economic

· Thus the national economic programme departs from the political; national independence does not include economic independence.· Are they large enough to still have some national economic independence left, or have they too lost their economic independence?· As soon as a child is born entitlement begins and is never questioned until the child itself attains economic independence.· Are they large enough to still have some national economic independence left, or have they too lost their economic independence?· Most were hired annually, and the employment did give young women a measure of choice and relative economic independence.· The dream that the resort offered was of economic independence by being in business on one's own.· But the establishment of economic independence was a slow process.

► financial

· Wealth Private funds; financial independence.· He will work for your financial independence and will never take advantage or misuse your money for his own good.· The clergy had a financial independence which the laity lacked.· Charles and Laquetta Prince realized early in their marriage that free enterprise was the only sure route to financial independence.· Today it prospers and because of the financial independence that business brings, the Johnsons' dreams are coming true.· It made financial contributions at independence 20 years ago.· There were times of insecurity and wonder, but we kept moving toward our goal of financial independence.

► full

· They dismissed it as vague and said it would legitimise Labour's devolved Assembly and dilute plans for full independence.· Aruba was separated from the other islands in 1986, pending full independence in 1996.

► great

· Earlier plans for tighter financial control and greater independence for management had not been successful.· The constitutional reforms of July 1994 may foster greater judicial independence.· But he has more than once shown great independence of mind.· And even the greatest independence was insufficient, still not enough.· Working also gives me a great sense of independence.

► judicial

· The cornerstone of that ideology is the doctrine of judicial independence, to which we now turn.· The constitutional reforms of July 1994 may foster greater judicial independence.· After discreet soundings, they prudently abandoned the idea, which would have involved a major encroachment upon judicial independence.

► national

· Thus the national economic programme departs from the political; national independence does not include economic independence.· Our goal is a stable government there, carrying on a struggle to maintain its national independence.· Should political authority be managed for national independence or for collaboration?· Are they large enough to still have some national economic independence left, or have they too lost their economic independence?· In the nineteenth century, religion was not admitted as a legitimate basis for national independence.· Then one day we stumbled into puberty and found that our adolescence coincided with the struggle for national independence.· Now his incantations of the old slogans of national independence and identity sounded more and more hollow.

► political

· Even when the judicial structure does strive to maintain some political independence, it still might respond to political pressure.· During the cold war, and to a great extent because of it, the colonial world achieved political independence.· In quest of mass circulation and advertising support, the major city newspapers gradually developed a tradition of political and journalistic independence.· We will reform recent legislation affecting the independent channels to entrench the interests of quality broadcasting and to guarantee political independence.· Equally important in retarding the political independence of the business community were the continuing divisions and antagonisms within it.· Pitted against it were the great princes, some with ambition to achieve political and legal independence of the crown.· Economic dependency was frowned on, but there was no question of political independence.

NOUN► movement

· In Jayapura the independence movement organised its most forthright challenge yet.· Facing an independence movement is something Milosevic has been used to for the past 10 years.· Some of the most active leaders of the independence movement began their political careers at the feet of the Mahatma at Sabarmati.· Even so, several titans of the independence movement survived him and one - Lal Bahadur Shastri - succeeded him.· These statutes were ironically among the main foci of opposition during those countries' independence movements.

VERB► achieve

· The Guidance concentrates on the organizational status of internal audit and the objectivity of internal auditors in achieving the requisite independence.· Western Samoa achieved independence from New Zealand in 1962 and became a member of the Commonwealth in 1970.· We have argued that for questions of value reason can not achieve this independence.· This issue is dealt with in later chapters. * the need to achieve independence and self-fulfilment.· Pitted against it were the great princes, some with ambition to achieve political and legal independence of the crown.

► assert

· But she sought not so much to break a taboo as to assert her independence from the male yoke.· Power gives us the ability to control, to choose and to assert our independence.· It seems that this was their means of asserting their continuing independence of Moscow.

► declare

· In his inauguration speech Brazauskas declared that upholding the independence of the state was his primary aim.· Many of these thinkers saw their role as one of declaring the independence of their discipline from theological domination.· The republics By the end of August, the majority of republics had declared independence from the Soviet Union.· Moreover, those elected might then declare independence and seek foreign intervention to aid their cause.

► fight

· Disability - We're working with lots of groups involving young people with disabilities fighting for independence, integration and rights.· The two have fought three wars since independence of Britain in 1947.

► gain

· Further education colleges will gain new independence from April 1993, and will be responsible for their own budgets.· By the 1930s Storni had gained sufficient independence to allow her poetic vision to encompass the world of objects around her.

► give

· It is the focal point of a permanent campaign to give independence through personal transport to as many people as possible.· The revolution that gave us our independence took place more than 200 years ago.· We are able to give them the independence they so badly need, and with it self respect and dignity.· I like to give people lots of independence and just check on them every once in a while.· Without a significant amount of public ownership therefore, a liberal market system gives companies independence.· Giving him total control over the cables was the only way to give him independence.· And the government's recent promise to give the central bank independence should buttress its authority in the markets.· She liked the unexpected status she felt it gave her, the independence, the choice.

► grant

· To delegate power and to grant independence are two very different things.· The country was granted independence from Great Britain on Sept. 16, 1963.· I felt unhappy and critical once more at the decision of Mr Attlee and his government to grant independence without further effort.

► hold

· In December 1991 had Jawara announced that he was stepping down as President, a position which he had held since independence.· On June 26, Independence Day celebrations were held.· June 25: Moldavia's President Snegur announced that the republic would hold a referendum on independence in the autumn.

► lose

· She knew that she had lost her independence as a woman, which she had been so proud of.· While some elements lose their independence, others regain it.· The last big East End brewery had lost its independence.· Are they large enough to still have some national economic independence left, or have they too lost their economic independence?· But Percy Fryer says the decision means he's lost his independence.· He was going to lose his independence, he was going to lose his freedom, he was definitely losing the car.· But this can not survive if an orchestra loses its individuality and independence.· Therefore, the scheme can provide some of the back-up for single-handed practitioners without their losing the independence that they rightly value.

► maintain

· Even by accepting Laura Danby's kind invitation, Meredith's own fiercely maintained independence could be said to have been undermined.· Even when the judicial structure does strive to maintain some political independence, it still might respond to political pressure.· Their efforts may be too little too late to ensure that the Pearl maintains its independence.· Chaotic mechanisms would serve to maintain the functional independence of different parts of the nervous system.· Only the Kandyan Kingdom maintained its independence in the interior.· Our goal is a stable government there, carrying on a struggle to maintain its national independence.· However, there was considerable pressure for the terms of retirement to be such that older people could maintain economic independence.· In a vain attempt to maintain her independence, she spent Monday and Tuesday nights at home - alone.

► preserve

· It can be justified as preserving the independence of the organisation, and the freedom of action to perform its functions.· To preserve independence, Fed governors enjoy secure terms of fourteen years.· She preserved her dignity, independence and way of life.· Through buying the Observer, he preserved the independence of Garvin.· Most of us seek to preserve independence in matters in which the bodily functions of urinating and excreting are concerned.· This was based on an explicit philosophy of preserving the dignity and independence of patients.· This policy preserved the independence of the smaller breweries.· And shareholders should not underestimate the determination of the Jaguar management to preserve its independence.

► retain

· Nevertheless, an important group of family firms retained their independence, and others have entered the industry since that time.· The news division was to retain its independence and integrity under the new owner as it had under the old.· Agnes E lived alone, had reached her ninetieth year and had retained her independence of mind.· Even so, the system on board the spacecraft retained some independence should contact with ground control be lost.· The easiest and least expensive way to retain your freedom and independence.· It's also very necessary to retain independence on both sides.· Yet even the post-classical trust retained its independence of a testamentary heir.

► seek

· He also expressed optimism that an acceptable constitutional arrangement could be agreed which would obviate the need for Quebec to seek independence.· They sought power and independence above all.· Most of us seek to preserve independence in matters in which the bodily functions of urinating and excreting are concerned.

► show

· With regard to independence, Chas is shown as both wanting independence and in practice being independent.· Now that my hands were free to move again, they began to show a remarkable independence.· Audrey is shown as wanting independence, but in practice usually failing.· But he has more than once shown great independence of mind.· Edward, according to his younger brother's memories, had always shown a rebellious independence of spirit against domestic or external authority.· It showed na unprecedented, independence, a modern industrialized economy and other social reforms.· Dexter smiled: Blanche had obviously decided to show some independence now that the press conference had begun.· And in the process he showed his steel of independence.

► win

· By the mid 1960s most colonies had won their independence and by the mid 1970s the world was virtually free of colonies.· To win time and independence Cooley wrote books rather than articles.

PHRASES FROM OTHER ENTRIES► assert your rights/independence/superiority etc

And the revolution in the structure of services and management meant elderly frail people found it increasingly difficult to assert their rights.
Athens asserted her rights over her citizens temporarily exiled, as she did over those at home and liable for service.
But she sought not so much to break a taboo as to assert her independence from the male yoke.
Mrs Armitage's heir is already asserting his rights in the matter but that is not my concern.
Power gives us the ability to control, to choose and to assert our independence.
Stickers are available throughout the county to help squeezed out pedestrians assert their rights.
You need to be selective and judge when it is appropriate to assert your rights.

WORD FAMILYnounindependenceindependentadjectiveindependentadverbindependently

单词	independence
释义	independencein‧de‧pen‧dence /ˌɪndəˈpendəns/ ●●● W2 noun [uncountable] Examples EXAMPLES FROM OTHER DICTIONARIES financial independence Gradually schools gained a certain amount of independence from the Church. He was desperate to get a job and regain his independence. Roz said she'd never marry because she valued her independence too much. She no longer had that feeling of independence she had fought so hard to win. She worked hard to gain financial independence. Since independence, the country has had high unemployment. the American war of independence The apartments allow older people to keep their independence, while having medical care available. The British granted independence to Ceylon in 1948. the Vietnamese struggle for independence There is a move to increase the independence of the judiciary. Though they want to exert their independence, these kids are not quite ready for it. Your first pay cheque gives you a terrific sense of independence. EXAMPLES FROM THE CORPUS I had this sense of independence. Inflation - rampant since independence - now went mad. Many became voluntary controlled, with more carefully circumscribed independence and total support from public funds. Money means mobility, money means independence and personal dignity. Only the Kandyan Kingdom maintained its independence in the interior. Shyness in this instance has proved a virtue and its resulting insularity and independence a blessing. This vital dilemma is discussed later in chapter 11, along with the pros and cons of independence. Thus the national economic programme departs from the political; national independence does not include economic independence. Thesaurus Longman Language Activatorwhen you are independent► independence · He was desperate to get a job and regain his independence.· Roz said she'd never marry because she valued her independence too much.· Though they want to exert their independence, these kids are not quite ready for it.· Your first pay cheque gives you a terrific sense of independence.gain/win/achieve etc independence · She no longer had that feeling of independence she had fought so hard to win.financial/economic independence · She worked hard to gain financial independence. ► self-sufficiency when you are independent, either because you can live happily without needing a lot of friends, or because you do not need to buy food or other products from other places: · I admired his air of self-sufficiency.· He promised to do more to help welfare recipients achieve self-sufficiency.· The Administration of Native Americans (ANA) promotes the goal of social and economic self-sufficiency for Indian tribes. ► self-reliance when you are independent, because you can solve your own problems and are able to do things by yourself, and do not need the help or support of anyone else: · The older children are beginning to develop self-reliance.· Both men display the fiery self-reliance that natives of Oregon tend to possess. not controlled by or depending on another country or organization► independent · We must encourage independent governments, not economic satellites.independent from · The country became independent from France in 1964.· The country has three major network television stations, plus one independent station. ► independence political freedom from control by the government of another country: · the American war of independence· the Vietnamese struggle for independence· There is a move to increase the independence of the judiciary.independence from: · Gradually schools gained a certain amount of independence from the Church.grant independence (to somebody): · The British granted independence to Ceylon in 1948. ► sovereign not controlled by any other country - used especially in an official or political contexts: · It was a number of years before Canada was accepted by the world as a sovereign state.· The Hopi tribe asserted their rights as a sovereign nation.sovereign rights/power/status: · We fully recognize France's sovereign power in that area. ► autonomous part of a country or organization that is autonomous is partly independent and has the right to organize most of its own activities, business etc: · Andorra is autonomous, with its external affairs managed by both France and Spain.· The councils, which are locally autonomous, act as courts for the whole area. ► self-governing a part of a country or organization that is self-governing is controlled by the people who live or work there, as opposed to the larger country or organization that it belongs to: · The farmers are members of a small self-governing co-operative group.· The Orthodox Church is composed of 23 self-governing churches. · Many of the larger communities felt they would be better off if they were self-governing. ► self-sufficient a country or part of a country that is self-sufficient produces all the food and other products that it needs: · The new technologies have made India agriculturally self-sufficient.· Many areas of the world still have self-sufficient rural economies.self-sufficient in: · France was self-sufficient in cereals, and exported its surplus. to no longer be controlled by another country► become independent · The Republic of Namibia became independent on 21 March 1990, ending 74 years of South African rule.become independent from · The Solomon Islands became independent from Britain about 15 years ago. ► gain/win/get independence to become independent after a war or a long struggle: · Political unity was the surest way to achieve independence.gain/win/get independence from: · Since gaining independence from Britain in 1961, Sierra Leone has been attempting to unify and modernize the country. WORD SETS► Government absolutism, nounadministration, nounagency, nounagent, nounagent provocateur, nounalderman, nounally, nounassembly, nounautarchy, nounautocracy, nounautocrat, nounautonomous, adjectiveautonomy, nounban, nounbaron, nounbig government, nounbilateral, adjectivebody politic, nounbudget, nounbureau, nounbureaucracy, nouncabinet, nouncaliphate, nouncanton, nouncanvass, verbcapital, nouncapitalist, nounCapitol Hill, nounCBE, nouncede, verbcentral, adjectivecentral government, nouncentralism, nouncentralize, verbchancellery, nounchancery, nouncharter, nouncharter, verbchief, nounCIA, the, city hall, nouncity-state, nounclient state, nounCo., coalition, nouncold war, nouncolonial, adjectivecolonial, nouncolonialism, nouncolonize, verbcolony, nouncommissioner, nouncommune, nounconsort, nounconstitution, nounconstitutional, adjectiveconstitutionality, nounconvention, nouncoronation, nouncount, nouncounterintelligence, nouncountess, nouncounty, nouncounty council, noundecolonize, verbdemocracy, noundemocratic, adjectivedependency, noundespotism, noundétente, noundethrone, verbdevolution, noundictatorial, adjectivedictatorship, noundiplomacy, noundiplomatic immunity, noundirective, noundisinformation, noundispatch, noundispensation, noundissent, verbdistrict council, noundocumentation, nounDOD, dominion, nounDowning Street, noundynasty, nounearl, nounearldom, nounempire, nounEuro, adjectiveEurope, nounexecutive, nounexecutive privilege, nounfall, verbfall, nounfederalism, nounfeudal, adjectivefeudalism, nounfeudalistic, adjectivegazette, nounhead of state, nounhigh commission, nounimperial, adjectiveindependence, nounindependent, adjectiveinfrastructure, nouninstigate, verbinsurgent, nouninsurrection, nounintelligence, nouninternal, adjectivejunket, nounjunta, nounkingdom, nounkingship, nounkitchen cabinet, nounland office, nounland registry, nounlegation, nounlegislature, nounlicensed, adjectivelocal authority, nounlocal government, nounmaharajah, nounmaharani, nounmandate, nounmandated, adjectivemartial law, nounMBE, nounmeasure, nounmidterm, nounministry, nounminority government, nounmisrule, nounmonarchy, nounmonolith, nounmonolithic, adjectivemoratorium, nounmouthpiece, nounmove, verbmover, nounmunicipal, adjectivemunicipality, nounNASA, nounnational, adjectivenational debt, nounNational Health Service, the, nationalize, verbnational monument, nounnation state, nounNATO, nounneocolonialism, nounneutral, adjectiveneutral, nounneutralize, verbnon-aligned, adjectivenon-intervention, nounnon-proliferation, noun-ocracy, suffix-ocrat, suffixofficiate, verboligarchy, nounoperational, adjectiveoperative, nounoverthrow, verboverthrow, nounoverturn, verbpacify, verbpact, nounpalatinate, nounpardon, nounparish, nounpartition, nounpass, verbpeer, nounpeer, verbpeerage, nounpeeress, nounpermit, nounplenary, adjectiveplutocracy, nounpolice state, nounpolitburo, nounpolitical science, nounpolity, nounpork, nounpork barrel, nounportfolio, nounpossession, nounprecinct, nounprefecture, nounpremiership, nounpresidium, nounprotectorate, nounpublic, adjectivepublic service, nounquota, nounR, ratify, verbrealm, nounrecall, nounrecognition, nounrecognize, verbregency, nounregent, nounregime, nounregister, nounregulation, nounrelease, nounrepeal, verbrepresentative, nounrepressive, adjectiverepublic, nounrepublican, adjectiverescind, verbreunify, verbrevoke, verbrising, nounroyalist, nounruling, adjectivesanction, nounseat, nounsecret agent, nounsecurity service, nounself-governing, adjectiveself-rule, nounsheikh, nounshire, nounsocial democracy, nounsocialist, adjectivesocial service, nounsovereign, adjectivesovereignty, nounspin doctor, nounstaff, nounstate, nounstatehood, nounStatehouse, nounstate line, nounstate of emergency, nounstatewide, adjectivesubject, adjectivesubject, verbsultanate, nounsummit, nounsuperpower, nounsuppress, verbsupranational, adjectivesurgery, nounsuzerainty, nountechnocracy, nounterritory, nounthrone, nountopple, verbtotalitarian, adjectivetown planning, nountownship, nountransit visa, nountreaty, nountribalism, nountripartite, adjectivetrusteeship, nountsarism, nountyrant, nountzarism, noununconstitutional, adjectiveunification, noununify, verbunilateral, adjectiveunion, nounUnion Jack, nounvassal, nounVIP, nounviscount, nounviscountess, nounwelfare state, nounWhitehall, noun Collocations COLLOCATIONS FROM THE ENTRY Meanings 1 & 2adjectives► full/complete independence · The country gained complete independence from Britain in the 1960s. ► political/economic independence · Zambia achieved political independence without a prolonged conflict. ► national independence · The struggle for national independence lasted over 20 years. ► local independence · The new constitution aims to strengthen local independence. verbs► get independence · The country eventually got its independence in 1960. ► gain/achieve/win independence (=get independence)· Our aim was to achieve full independence. ► declare independence · Estonia declared independence on August 20th. ► grant something independence (=allow a country to become independent)· It was General de Gaulle who granted Algeria independence. ► bring independence to something · The rebels fought to bring independence to East Africa. ► move towards independence (=gradually achieve it over a period of time)· The country was slowly moving towards independence. independence + NOUN► Independence Day (=a day on which a country's independence is celebrated)· The president was on television giving his Independence Day speech. ► independence celebrations · The region is preparing for Monday's independence celebrations. phrases► the struggle for independence · The struggle for independence continued for three decades. COLLOCATIONS FROM OTHER ENTRIES► declared independence We celebrate September 16, the day when Mexico declared independence from Spain (=officially stated that it was no longer ruled by Spain). ► gain independence · Jamaica has had this flag since 1962, when it gained independence from Britain. ► independence/strength/flexibility of mind men who were chosen for their independence of mind ► a pro-democracy/pro-independence etc rally · Thousands joined a pro-democracy rally in the city. COLLOCATIONS FROM THE CORPUSADJECTIVE► complete · The 1983 Act has invalidated many of the previous criticisms about the lack of complete independence from the executive. ► economic · Thus the national economic programme departs from the political; national independence does not include economic independence.· Are they large enough to still have some national economic independence left, or have they too lost their economic independence?· As soon as a child is born entitlement begins and is never questioned until the child itself attains economic independence.· Are they large enough to still have some national economic independence left, or have they too lost their economic independence?· Most were hired annually, and the employment did give young women a measure of choice and relative economic independence.· The dream that the resort offered was of economic independence by being in business on one's own.· But the establishment of economic independence was a slow process. ► financial · Wealth Private funds; financial independence.· He will work for your financial independence and will never take advantage or misuse your money for his own good.· The clergy had a financial independence which the laity lacked.· Charles and Laquetta Prince realized early in their marriage that free enterprise was the only sure route to financial independence.· Today it prospers and because of the financial independence that business brings, the Johnsons' dreams are coming true.· It made financial contributions at independence 20 years ago.· There were times of insecurity and wonder, but we kept moving toward our goal of financial independence. ► full · They dismissed it as vague and said it would legitimise Labour's devolved Assembly and dilute plans for full independence.· Aruba was separated from the other islands in 1986, pending full independence in 1996. ► great · Earlier plans for tighter financial control and greater independence for management had not been successful.· The constitutional reforms of July 1994 may foster greater judicial independence.· But he has more than once shown great independence of mind.· And even the greatest independence was insufficient, still not enough.· Working also gives me a great sense of independence. ► judicial · The cornerstone of that ideology is the doctrine of judicial independence, to which we now turn.· The constitutional reforms of July 1994 may foster greater judicial independence.· After discreet soundings, they prudently abandoned the idea, which would have involved a major encroachment upon judicial independence. ► national · Thus the national economic programme departs from the political; national independence does not include economic independence.· Our goal is a stable government there, carrying on a struggle to maintain its national independence.· Should political authority be managed for national independence or for collaboration?· Are they large enough to still have some national economic independence left, or have they too lost their economic independence?· In the nineteenth century, religion was not admitted as a legitimate basis for national independence.· Then one day we stumbled into puberty and found that our adolescence coincided with the struggle for national independence.· Now his incantations of the old slogans of national independence and identity sounded more and more hollow. ► political · Even when the judicial structure does strive to maintain some political independence, it still might respond to political pressure.· During the cold war, and to a great extent because of it, the colonial world achieved political independence.· In quest of mass circulation and advertising support, the major city newspapers gradually developed a tradition of political and journalistic independence.· We will reform recent legislation affecting the independent channels to entrench the interests of quality broadcasting and to guarantee political independence.· Equally important in retarding the political independence of the business community were the continuing divisions and antagonisms within it.· Pitted against it were the great princes, some with ambition to achieve political and legal independence of the crown.· Economic dependency was frowned on, but there was no question of political independence. NOUN► movement · In Jayapura the independence movement organised its most forthright challenge yet.· Facing an independence movement is something Milosevic has been used to for the past 10 years.· Some of the most active leaders of the independence movement began their political careers at the feet of the Mahatma at Sabarmati.· Even so, several titans of the independence movement survived him and one - Lal Bahadur Shastri - succeeded him.· These statutes were ironically among the main foci of opposition during those countries' independence movements. VERB► achieve · The Guidance concentrates on the organizational status of internal audit and the objectivity of internal auditors in achieving the requisite independence.· Western Samoa achieved independence from New Zealand in 1962 and became a member of the Commonwealth in 1970.· We have argued that for questions of value reason can not achieve this independence.· This issue is dealt with in later chapters. * the need to achieve independence and self-fulfilment.· Pitted against it were the great princes, some with ambition to achieve political and legal independence of the crown. ► assert · But she sought not so much to break a taboo as to assert her independence from the male yoke.· Power gives us the ability to control, to choose and to assert our independence.· It seems that this was their means of asserting their continuing independence of Moscow. ► declare · In his inauguration speech Brazauskas declared that upholding the independence of the state was his primary aim.· Many of these thinkers saw their role as one of declaring the independence of their discipline from theological domination.· The republics By the end of August, the majority of republics had declared independence from the Soviet Union.· Moreover, those elected might then declare independence and seek foreign intervention to aid their cause. ► fight · Disability - We're working with lots of groups involving young people with disabilities fighting for independence, integration and rights.· The two have fought three wars since independence of Britain in 1947. ► gain · Further education colleges will gain new independence from April 1993, and will be responsible for their own budgets.· By the 1930s Storni had gained sufficient independence to allow her poetic vision to encompass the world of objects around her. ► give · It is the focal point of a permanent campaign to give independence through personal transport to as many people as possible.· The revolution that gave us our independence took place more than 200 years ago.· We are able to give them the independence they so badly need, and with it self respect and dignity.· I like to give people lots of independence and just check on them every once in a while.· Without a significant amount of public ownership therefore, a liberal market system gives companies independence.· Giving him total control over the cables was the only way to give him independence.· And the government's recent promise to give the central bank independence should buttress its authority in the markets.· She liked the unexpected status she felt it gave her, the independence, the choice. ► grant · To delegate power and to grant independence are two very different things.· The country was granted independence from Great Britain on Sept. 16, 1963.· I felt unhappy and critical once more at the decision of Mr Attlee and his government to grant independence without further effort. ► hold · In December 1991 had Jawara announced that he was stepping down as President, a position which he had held since independence.· On June 26, Independence Day celebrations were held.· June 25: Moldavia's President Snegur announced that the republic would hold a referendum on independence in the autumn. ► lose · She knew that she had lost her independence as a woman, which she had been so proud of.· While some elements lose their independence, others regain it.· The last big East End brewery had lost its independence.· Are they large enough to still have some national economic independence left, or have they too lost their economic independence?· But Percy Fryer says the decision means he's lost his independence.· He was going to lose his independence, he was going to lose his freedom, he was definitely losing the car.· But this can not survive if an orchestra loses its individuality and independence.· Therefore, the scheme can provide some of the back-up for single-handed practitioners without their losing the independence that they rightly value. ► maintain · Even by accepting Laura Danby's kind invitation, Meredith's own fiercely maintained independence could be said to have been undermined.· Even when the judicial structure does strive to maintain some political independence, it still might respond to political pressure.· Their efforts may be too little too late to ensure that the Pearl maintains its independence.· Chaotic mechanisms would serve to maintain the functional independence of different parts of the nervous system.· Only the Kandyan Kingdom maintained its independence in the interior.· Our goal is a stable government there, carrying on a struggle to maintain its national independence.· However, there was considerable pressure for the terms of retirement to be such that older people could maintain economic independence.· In a vain attempt to maintain her independence, she spent Monday and Tuesday nights at home - alone. ► preserve · It can be justified as preserving the independence of the organisation, and the freedom of action to perform its functions.· To preserve independence, Fed governors enjoy secure terms of fourteen years.· She preserved her dignity, independence and way of life.· Through buying the Observer, he preserved the independence of Garvin.· Most of us seek to preserve independence in matters in which the bodily functions of urinating and excreting are concerned.· This was based on an explicit philosophy of preserving the dignity and independence of patients.· This policy preserved the independence of the smaller breweries.· And shareholders should not underestimate the determination of the Jaguar management to preserve its independence. ► retain · Nevertheless, an important group of family firms retained their independence, and others have entered the industry since that time.· The news division was to retain its independence and integrity under the new owner as it had under the old.· Agnes E lived alone, had reached her ninetieth year and had retained her independence of mind.· Even so, the system on board the spacecraft retained some independence should contact with ground control be lost.· The easiest and least expensive way to retain your freedom and independence.· It's also very necessary to retain independence on both sides.· Yet even the post-classical trust retained its independence of a testamentary heir. ► seek · He also expressed optimism that an acceptable constitutional arrangement could be agreed which would obviate the need for Quebec to seek independence.· They sought power and independence above all.· Most of us seek to preserve independence in matters in which the bodily functions of urinating and excreting are concerned. ► show · With regard to independence, Chas is shown as both wanting independence and in practice being independent.· Now that my hands were free to move again, they began to show a remarkable independence.· Audrey is shown as wanting independence, but in practice usually failing.· But he has more than once shown great independence of mind.· Edward, according to his younger brother's memories, had always shown a rebellious independence of spirit against domestic or external authority.· It showed na unprecedented, independence, a modern industrialized economy and other social reforms.· Dexter smiled: Blanche had obviously decided to show some independence now that the press conference had begun.· And in the process he showed his steel of independence. ► win · By the mid 1960s most colonies had won their independence and by the mid 1970s the world was virtually free of colonies.· To win time and independence Cooley wrote books rather than articles. Phrases PHRASES FROM OTHER ENTRIES► assert your rights/independence/superiority etc And the revolution in the structure of services and management meant elderly frail people found it increasingly difficult to assert their rights. Athens asserted her rights over her citizens temporarily exiled, as she did over those at home and liable for service. But she sought not so much to break a taboo as to assert her independence from the male yoke. Mrs Armitage's heir is already asserting his rights in the matter but that is not my concern. Power gives us the ability to control, to choose and to assert our independence. Stickers are available throughout the county to help squeezed out pedestrians assert their rights. You need to be selective and judge when it is appropriate to assert your rights. Word family WORD FAMILYnounindependenceindependentadjectiveindependentadverbindependently 1political freedom from control by the government of another countryindependence from Nigeria gained independence from Britain in 1960.2the time when a country becomes politically independent: The country has made great advances since independence.3the freedom and ability to make your own decisions in life, without having to ask other people for permission, help, or money: ways of helping old people maintain their independence Having a job gives you financial independence.COLLOCATIONS– Meanings 1 & 2adjectivesfull/complete independence· The country gained complete independence from Britain in the 1960s.political/economic independence· Zambia achieved political independence without a prolonged conflict.national independence· The struggle for national independence lasted over 20 years.local independence· The new constitution aims to strengthen local independence.verbsget independence· The country eventually got its independence in 1960.gain/achieve/win independence (=get independence)· Our aim was to achieve full independence.declare independence· Estonia declared independence on August 20th.grant something independence (=allow a country to become independent)· It was General de Gaulle who granted Algeria independence.bring independence to something· The rebels fought to bring independence to East Africa.move towards independence (=gradually achieve it over a period of time)· The country was slowly moving towards independence.independence + NOUNIndependence Day (=a day on which a country's independence is celebrated)· The president was on television giving his Independence Day speech.independence celebrations· The region is preparing for Monday's independence celebrations.phrasesthe struggle for independence· The struggle for independence continued for three decades.
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