recessionre‧ces‧sion /rɪˈseʃən/ ●○○ noun [countable, uncountable] 
the economic recession of the early 1980s There is deep recession in the UK.into/out of recession attempts to pull the country out of recessionCOLLOCATIONSadjectivesan economic recession· The economic recession of the '70s led to a fall in recruitment.a world/global/worldwide recession· America’s airlines have been badly hit by the world recession.a deep/severe recession· We are in the middle of a severe recession.the worst recession· Colombia is going through its worst recession in decades.the longest recession· The British economy was in its longest recession since the Second World War.verbssuffer/experience a recession· The country was suffering a deep recession.slide/slip into recession (=start to experience a recession)· Most analysts don’t believe the economy will slide into recession.plunge into recession (=start to experience a deep recession)· The US is about to plunge into recession.be hit by a recession (=be badly affected by it)· Rural areas have been hardest hit by the recession.cause recession· Rising oil prices help to fuel inflation and cause recession.a recession deepens (=becomes worse)· Economists fear the recession may be deepening.phrasesthe beginning/end of the recession· The Chancellor is confident that we shall see the end of the recession in the next few months.be in the middle/midst of a recession· We are in the midst of a world recession.be in the depths of recession (=be at its worst level)· The country is in the depths of recession.THESAURUSrecession a period when a country’s economic growth stops and there is less trade: · The industry has cut jobs due to the recession.· fears that the economy may be sliding into recessiondepression a long period during which there is a bad recession, so that there is very little business activity and a lot of people do not have jobs: · During the depression of the 1930s, as many as 20% of the population were jobless.slump a fairly short period when there is a reduction in business and many people lose their jobs: · The slump in the housing market is making it difficult for people to sell their homes.slowdown a period when there is a reduction in business activity, that may be the start of a recession: · High prices could tip the slowdown in the US into a world recession.downturn a period during which there is a reduction in business activity and economic conditions become worse, when before the economy was growing: · Public spending may reduce the effects of the downturn.crash an occasion when the value of stocks and shares on a stock market falls suddenly and by a large amount, causing economic problems: · The Wall Street Crash of 1929 was disastrous for not only the American economy, but for the world economy.
EXAMPLES FROM OTHER DICTIONARIES
- In times of severe recession companies are often forced to make massive job cuts in order to survive.
- the recession of the 1980s
- The car industry, like most other industries, is feeling the effects of the recession.
- The economy is in recession and will remain so for at least another year.
- About one-fifth of the economists see a recession under way by the time of the presidential election this November.
- Banks' need for capital is greatest when economies are in recession and borrowers can not service their loans.
- First, it could turn slowdowns into recessions and average recessions into more severe ones.
- First, there is the recession.
- The first is that the recession they have caused and which so nearly ditched them will not go away automatically.
- The reduction to recession happens when there is too much in the engram bank suppressing the incident.
- Yet the current recession is far from average.
THESAURUS
a period when a country’s economic growth stops and there is less trade: · The industry has cut jobs due to the recession.· fears that the economy may be sliding into recession
a long period during which there is a bad recession, so that there is very little business activity and a lot of people do not have jobs: · During the depression of the 1930s, as many as 20% of the population were jobless.
a fairly short period when there is a reduction in business and many people lose their jobs: · The slump in the housing market is making it difficult for people to sell their homes.
a period when there is a reduction in business activity, that may be the start of a recession: · High prices could tip the slowdown in the US into a world recession.
a period during which there is a reduction in business activity and economic conditions become worse, when before the economy was growing: · Public spending may reduce the effects of the downturn.
an occasion when the value of stocks and shares on a stock market falls suddenly and by a large amount, causing economic problems: · The Wall Street Crash of 1929 was disastrous for not only the American economy, but for the world economy.
Longman Language Activatora time when an economy is not successful a period when a country's economic growth stops and there is less trade, so that many companies have to reduce the number of workers they employ: · The car industry, like most other industries, is feeling the effects of the recession.severe recession (=very bad recession): · In times of severe recession companies are often forced to make massive job cuts in order to survive.in recession (=suffering from a recession): · The economy is in recession and will remain so for at least another year.
a period when there is a big reduction in trade so that many companies fail and a lot of people lose their jobs: · The post-war slump sent the unemployment figures to twice the expected level.slump in: · The slump in the property market is making it difficult for people to sell their homes.
a period of time continuing for several years when greatly reduced business activity severely affects a country's economic growth, and a lot of people lose their jobs - use this especially when this affects many countries across the world: · In Germany the depression in the late 1920s helped Hitler's rise to power.· Hartnell blamed his financial difficulties on the worldwide depression.
a sudden and unexpected fall in the value of shares in companies, with the result that many companies have to close and a lot of people lose their jobs: · Luckily, I sold my shares just before the crash.· The Wall Street Crash was disastrous for many American businessmen.stock market crash (=crash in the organizations that buy and sell shares in companies): · The stock market crash made me suspicious of those types of insurance schemes.
WORD SETSabsolute advantage, active population, additionality, nounadjustable peg, nounannual earnings, anti-dumping, adjectiveanti-inflation, adjectiveausterity, nounbad debt, nounbalance of payments, nounbalance of trade, nounbalance sheet, nounbank money, bank rate, nounbankrupt, adjectivebankrupt, verbbankrupt, nounbarrier to trade, nounbilateralism, nounblack market, nounboom, nounbroad money, brown goods, nounbudget, nounCACM, capital accumulation, nouncapital formation, nouncapitalism, nouncapitalist, adjectivecapital surplus, cartel, nouncentral government borrowing requirement, CGBR, Chicago School, nounclosed economy, nouncommerce clause, commodity, nouncommodity product, comparative advantage, consumer, nounconsumer confidence, nounconsumer durables, nounconsumer goods, nounconsumer price index, nounconsumer surplus, consumption, nounconsumption function, nounCost of Production Theory of Value, nouncreditor turnover rate, nouncredit rationing, noundebt ratio, deflate, verbdemand, noundemand and supply, noundemand price, demonstration effect, deregulate, verbdeveloped, adjectivedirigisme, noundiscretionary spending, dishoarding, noundisinflation, noundisposable income, noundis-saving, noundisutility, noundiversify, verbdivision of labour, noundole queue, dollars-and-cents, adjectivedowntick, noundownturn, noundrawdown, nouneconomic, adjectiveeconomic goods, economic paradigm, economist, nouneconomy, nounefficient market, elasticity of demand, nounelasticity of substitution, nounembargo, verbemployment theory, euro-zone, exchange, nounExchange equalization account, exchange rate mechanism, nounexpectations, nounexpenditure, nounexternal account, external competitiveness, externality, nounfactor cost, factor of production, nounFederal funds, fiscal, adjectivefloor, nounflow of funds, nounforced saving, for-profit, adjectivefree enterprise, nounfree marketeer, nounfree movement, nounfree trade, nounGDP, nounGNP, nounGoldilocks economy, goods, noungoods and services, noungross domestic product, noungross national product, noungross product, nounguaranteed price, hyperinflation, nounIMF, the, IMF quota, imperfect competition, imperfect market, import, nounimport, verbimportation, nounimporter, nounincome effect, industrial output index, Industrial Sentiment index, inelastic, adjectiveinflate, verbinflation, nouninflationary, adjectiveintermediate goods, International Monetary Fund, nouninvestment goods, J-curve, nounknowledge economy, labour-intensive, adjectivelabour market, nounLaffer curve, nounlaissez-faire, nounliving standard, nounMaastricht Treaty, nounmacroeconomics, nounmarginal revenue, market-driven, adjectivemarket economy, nounmarket failure, market forces, nounmarket-led, adjectivemarket-oriented, adjectivemarket value, nounmixed economy, nounmonetarism, nounmonetary, adjectivemoney income, monopsony, nounmultilateralism, nounNAIRU, nounnational debt, nounnational income, nationalize, verbnational wealth, neocolonialism, nounnet output, NIC, nounnominal price, non-durable goods, open-market, adjectiveoutflow, nounoverheated, adjectivepass-along, nounpass-through, nounpeg, verbper-capita income, perfect competition, perfect market, personal saving, political economy, nounpost-industrial, adjectivePPI, price control, nounprice effect, price fixing, nounprice-fixing, nounprice index, nounprice-insensitive, adjectiveprice-sensitive, adjectiveprice support, nounprice theory, primary production, private enterprise, nounprivately-owned, adjectiveprivatization, nounprivatize, verbproducer price index, production control, protect, verbprotectionism, nounprotective, adjectivepublic enterprise, public ownership, nounpublic sector borrowing requirement, public service, nounPurchasing Managers' index, real, adjectivereal income, recession, nounreflation, nounrefund, nounRetail Price Index, scarcity value, nounshakeout, nounSingle European Market, slump, nounsocial accounting, socioeconomic, adjectivesqueeze, verbsqueeze, nounstagflation, nounstandard of living, nounstandard spending assessment, staple, nounstringent, adjectivesubsidy, nounsubstitution effect, surplus, nounsystematic risk, trade deficit, nountrade dispute, trade gap, nountrade surplus, nountrade-weighted index, trickle-down effect, nountrough, nountrust, noununder-investment, noununit of account, noununsystematic risk, uptick, nounvoodoo economics, noun
COLLOCATIONS FROM THE ENTRYadjectives The country was recovering from the depths of recession.
a difficult time when there is less trade, business activity etc in a country than usual: · The economic recession of the '70s led to a fall in recruitment.
· America’s airlines have been badly hit by the world recession.
· We are in the middle of a severe recession.
· Colombia is going through its worst recession in decades.
· The British economy was in its longest recession since the Second World War.
verbs· The country was suffering a deep recession.
(=start to experience a recession)· Most analysts don’t believe the economy will slide into recession.
(=start to experience a deep recession)· The US is about to plunge into recession.
(=be badly affected by it)· Rural areas have been hardest hit by the recession.
· Rising oil prices help to fuel inflation and cause recession.
(=becomes worse)· Economists fear the recession may be deepening.
phrases· The Chancellor is confident that we shall see the end of the recession in the next few months.
· We are in the midst of a world recession.
(=be at its worst level)· The country is in the depths of recession.
COLLOCATIONS FROM OTHER ENTRIES The country was recovering from the depths of recession. (=a period during which a country or area has a lot of problems with its economy)· People are scared they will lose their homes if there is an economic recession.
COLLOCATIONS FROM THE CORPUSADJECTIVE· The Beckwith brothers and Tony Clegg exited from property shares with perfect timing just before the current disastrous recession.· Matters referred to in relation to the current recession include the provisions for companies to carry back trading losses.· Course costs and benefits Sir, - During the current recession we are all forced to carefully review costs.· Yet the current recession is far from average.· When the current recession gripped, they decided to take evasive action.· Negatives 1 Unemployment has been the most obvious cost of the current recession.· Experts say that the current recession is behind the trend.· In many ways families have never recovered from the earlier recession of the 1980s, let alone the current recession.
· All three countries were already in a deep recession last summer, which the war has made worse.· Stagflation and the threat of deeper world recession has left marks upon the consciousness of the workers.· The advertising industry was in deep recession.· We had come out of a deep recession a year earlier, while Clinton has had good economic times.· But now, with the City of London in a deep economic recession, the pressure on dealers had increased.· Investors are hoping the economy will pull out of a deep recession this year.· Is he worried that it has taken such a deep and prolonged recession to reduce inflation to its current level?· That would have fueled a disastrous crash that would cripple banks and securities firms and lead to a deep recession.
· The economic recession around the world was not generally helpful to precious metal prices.· Mr Bruce says the fund bought the zeros several years ago in anticipation of an economic recession.· At a time of economic recession and high interest rates this is a particular problem.· The last, and perhaps most troubling possibility for the stock market, would be an unexpected economic dive into recession.· The economic recession of the late 1970s brought about a decline in the scheme similar to that in regional policy.· President Allende took office at the end of a period of economic recession.· Hopes are still expressed that old manufacturing industries will re-employ all those previously made redundant as soon as the economic recession is over.· It was feared that a severe liquidity crisis might ensue and that the world economy would then be plunged into economic recession.
· However, the case for a global recession is not clear-cut.· But for now the really interesting question is whether the collapse in share prices means the start of a global recession.· But the global recession was deeper than that.· The 1982-83 policies made the global recession vanish almost instantly.· So what price a global recession?
· Britain in the early 1990s appears to be on the precipice of the worst recession since the 1930s.· The worst recession since the l930s was followed by a boom.· The sharpest rise in shop sales for almost 12 years encouraged hopes that the worst of the recession is over.· We've gone through the worst of the recession.· Above all, both countries are facing their worst recessions for many years.· Although interest rates and inflation were both falling, Britain had to struggle through one of the worst recessions since the war.
· But the long recession, together with high unemployment figures and a stagnant housing market, has changed homeowners' perceptions.· What now, when we may have hit the bottom of the longest real estate recession in 60 years?· Gripped by the longest recession since the war, Britain needs a government with a clear sense of direction and purpose.· By the end of this year, California will bounce back completely from its 5-year-long recession.· Furthermore, the percentage of success would be higher following a long recession.· The Conservatives have created the longest recession for 60 years.· And it is both a warning to the public and an acknowledgment of the long climb out of recession which still lies ahead.
· Defence spending, untouched by the previous recession, is falling as the cold war thaws.· The previous recession sorted out two fundamental problems: overmanning and troublesome unions.· And all, whether singly or in combination, have preceded previous recessions.· The University of Michigan's consumer-confidence index remains above its level in previous recessions.· It is based on the behaviour of several indicators, including inventories and consumer confidence, ahead of previous recessions.
· What starts as a mild downturn becomes a severe recession through the reaction of risk-averse, highly leveraged businesses.· More severe recessions that last longer.· Record profits in time of recession Darlington Building Society has made record profits despite the severe recession in the housing market.· It has been a severe recession for the construction industry.
NOUN· A decade of success ended with the problems of recession - a world recession.· Stagflation and the threat of deeper world recession has left marks upon the consciousness of the workers.· Nissan's £75 million loss between March and September is blamed on the world recession.· The world recession has been tough for all of us, at home and abroad.· Unemployment is a consequence of various factors - of inflation and world recession - and not something that we can escape.· The result could be world recession and a worsening of the international debt crisis.
VERB· Both the controls and manufacturing services businesses were adversely affected by recession in their markets.· The leisure business continues to be once again seriously affected by the recession.· Worst hit will be the South, where people with high mortgages have been most affected by the recession.· As a result of this home-market bias, Highland was affected by economic recession in Britain.
· Monetary policy was eased in order to avoid a downturn or recession.· In either case United Kingdom-linked companies are best avoided, as prolonged recession would result in more company failures and dividend cuts.
· Nissan's £75 million loss between March and September is blamed on the world recession.· The company have blamed the recession.· The job losses are blamed on the recession.· But as shopping habits changed many traders shut up shop and moved out blaming recession, traffic restrictions and fewer bus routes.· The company blames the recession and a downturn in orders.· And today Fluid transfer at Nailsworth cut seventeen staff ... also blaming the recession.· Admits commuters are dropping out but blames the recession.· Central Office complains that the government is blamed for recession but gets no credit for recovery.
· Imports had fallen to US$4,010 million in 1990 as a result of contraction in internal demand caused by the recession.· Greenspan also said it was too early to judge whether the recent drop in the stock market could cause a recession.
· It should also drum up more work for a profession that has been badly hit by the recession.· Background: The New York area was hit hard by the recession, but pent-up demand is pushing up prices.· But those images are becoming harder and harder to stomach in a world hit by recession.· Reverend Sawyer says like everything else, his church is being hit by the recession.· And not surprisingly, the motorists hardest hit by recession are those living in London and the south-east.· The Automobile Industry is among the hardest hit by the recession.· The South-East and West Midlands have been hardest hit by the recession.· She says rural areas have been hard hit by the recession.
· The crunch has come, however, when the period of subsidy ends, or when the economy has moved into recession.· Really, we moved just before the recession took hold, otherwise we couldn't have done it.· The Chancellor had totally failed to come up with an industrial strategy to move Britain out of recession, Mr Brown said.· With the economy moving out of recession we expect to see fewer clients cutting back and this should help reduce our terminations.
· As an economy pulls out of recession, the demand for loans is likely to rise.· If, however, firms believe that the economy will now pull out of recession, their confidence will increase.· He said Labour was seeking a mandate for the action needed to pull Britain out of recession.· But the housing market will pull out of the recession in the second half of 1993, say the economic pundits.· Hence none of the engines of recovery is available to pull us out of the recession.
· In many ways families have never recovered from the earlier recession of the 1980s, let alone the current recession.· As in Iowa, New Hampshire had recovered from a 1992 recession and had seen unemployment drop sharply.· The report painted a generally optimistic picture of Britain continuing to recover from the worst recession since 1945.· Wilson made three separate proposals for personal income tax cuts as the California economy recovered from a deep recession.· In the recession of the early 1990s the United States successfully used lower interest rates to help it recover from a recession.· Its report said countries that have reformed most vigorously have recovered from recession more rapidly and attracted more investment.
· The Longbridge car plant in the constituency has suffered in the recession and Labour needs a swing of only 2.5 percent.· For instance, what if Bozo, Inc., suffers through a recession and earns just one penny?· Male speaker It's precisely prosperous towns like Wallingford which are suffering from the recession.· Both economies have suffered grievously from recession.· Many towns and cities have suffered in the recession.· The sort of business which flourished in the eighties but suffered in the recession hit nineties, laying off workers.· He has not even learned that Britain is suffering from a recession bordering on a slump.· I hope the people who have suffered from the recession will continue to support the conservative party.
the economic recession of the early 1980s There is deep recession in the UK.into/out of recession attempts to pull the country out of recessionCOLLOCATIONSadjectivesan economic recession· The economic recession of the '70s led to a fall in recruitment.a world/global/worldwide recession· America’s airlines have been badly hit by the world recession.a deep/severe recession· We are in the middle of a severe recession.the worst recession· Colombia is going through its worst recession in decades.the longest recession· The British economy was in its longest recession since the Second World War.verbssuffer/experience a recession· The country was suffering a deep recession.slide/slip into recession (=start to experience a recession)· Most analysts don’t believe the economy will slide into recession.plunge into recession (=start to experience a deep recession)· The US is about to plunge into recession.be hit by a recession (=be badly affected by it)· Rural areas have been hardest hit by the recession.cause recession· Rising oil prices help to fuel inflation and cause recession.a recession deepens (=becomes worse)· Economists fear the recession may be deepening.phrasesthe beginning/end of the recession· The Chancellor is confident that we shall see the end of the recession in the next few months.be in the middle/midst of a recession· We are in the midst of a world recession.be in the depths of recession (=be at its worst level)· The country is in the depths of recession.THESAURUSrecession a period when a country’s economic growth stops and there is less trade: · The industry has cut jobs due to the recession.· fears that the economy may be sliding into recessiondepression a long period during which there is a bad recession, so that there is very little business activity and a lot of people do not have jobs: · During the depression of the 1930s, as many as 20% of the population were jobless.slump a fairly short period when there is a reduction in business and many people lose their jobs: · The slump in the housing market is making it difficult for people to sell their homes.slowdown a period when there is a reduction in business activity, that may be the start of a recession: · High prices could tip the slowdown in the US into a world recession.downturn a period during which there is a reduction in business activity and economic conditions become worse, when before the economy was growing: · Public spending may reduce the effects of the downturn.crash an occasion when the value of stocks and shares on a stock market falls suddenly and by a large amount, causing economic problems: · The Wall Street Crash of 1929 was disastrous for not only the American economy, but for the world economy.