单词	lobbyist
释义	lobbylobby2 ●○○ verb (past tense and past participle lobbied, present participle lobbying, third person singular lobbies) [intransitive, transitive] Verb Table VERB TABLE lobby Simple Form Present I, you, we, they lobby he, she, it lobbies Past I, you, he, she, it, we, they lobbied Present perfect I, you, we, they have lobbied he, she, it has lobbied Past perfect I, you, he, she, it, we, they had lobbied Future I, you, he, she, it, we, they will lobby Future perfect I, you, he, she, it, we, they will have lobbied Continuous Form Present I am lobbying he, she, it is lobbying you, we, they are lobbying Past I, he, she, it was lobbying you, we, they were lobbying Present perfect I, you, we, they have been lobbying he, she, it has been lobbying Past perfect I, you, he, she, it, we, they had been lobbying Future I, you, he, she, it, we, they will be lobbying Future perfect I, you, he, she, it, we, they will have been lobbying Examples EXAMPLES FROM THE CORPUS About half the money Raytheon spent lobbying last year went to four government lobbyists and strategists. Clinton vetoed the bill after being lobbied by trial lawyers, but Congress overrode the veto. Perhaps it's time to begin lobbying? Please encourage class members to lobby their local councils about cuts in classes, either personally or by petition. The president's lobbying on behalf of his programme was uneven and spasmodic. We need to lobby our leaders to work for peace and to use its dividends wisely. Wright said lobbying to keep red tape and regulatory cost to a minimum for local companies will be a priority. word sets WORD SETS► Politics adversarial, adjectiveamnesty, nounanarchism, nounanarchist, nounanticlerical, adjectivearms control, nounbigot, nounbigoted, adjectivebigotry, nounbilateral, adjectiveBlimp, nouncarpetbagger, nouncaucus, nounchancellor, nouncoalition, nounconsensus, nounconstituency, nounconstitutionalism, nounconsumerism, nouncredo, noundemagogue, noundestabilize, verbdétente, noundisorder, noundissent, noundivine right, nounferment, nounfirebrand, noungerrymandering, nounheartland, nounhonours list, nouninterventionist, adjectiveisolationism, nounliberal, adjectiveliberal, nounliberalism, nounlobby, nounlobby, verbMaoism, nounnationalistic, adjective-ocracy, suffix-ocrat, suffixopinion-makers, nounopinion poll, nounpersonality cult, nounpetition, nounphoto opportunity, nounplacard, nounplatform, nounpolitical, adjectivepolitical asylum, nounpolitical geography, nounpolitical machine, nounpopulist, adjectivepork barrel, nounprivilege, nounpropaganda, nounrealpolitik, nounrevolution, nounsoapbox, nounsound bite, nounstump, verbsubversive, adjectivesubvert, verbwar of words, nounwheeler-dealer, nounwheeling and dealing, noun Collocations COLLOCATIONS FROM OTHER ENTRIES► division lobbies  Some members supported the opposition in the division lobbies (=the rooms where the vote takes place). ► an entrance lobby/foyer (=an area at the entrance to a large building)· There was no sign of her in the entrance foyer. ► the hotel reception/lobby · She waited for him in the hotel lobby. COLLOCATIONS FROM THE CORPUSADVERB► hard · I know that he lobbies hard on behalf of his constituents.· They have lobbied hard for complete segregation on tunnel trains, similar to the operation of cross-Channel ferries.· Cheshire's chemical industry has been lobbying hard for cuts in electricity pricing. ► successfully · Big business joined together to form a climate change coalition to lobby successfully against the protocol.· Inevitably he came into conflict with the developers, who lobbied successfully to destroy his project. NOUN► association · Crawford is one of the founders of the International Dark-Sky Association, which lobbies governments to adopt pollution standards. ► bill · Christie's has even gone to Washington to lobby for the bill.· She has spent much of the last year lobbying Congress against bills that would intrude upon wilderness areas in her state.· Various organisations have lobbied me about the Bill. ► change · Expert groups in many Western countries have already decided to lobby for changes towards a healthier lifestyle without waiting for results.· A state politician who also lived in Oak Ridge lobbied for changes in the rules. ► government · After the war he founded the Disabled Society, lobbying the government to improve the quality of artificial limbs.· Porter Monday and begin advising corporate clients on how to lobby the government.· And despite lobbying of government and foreign aid agencies in Ouagadougou, there is still nothing but the foundations in place.· What of a doctor who is pro-choice and wants to lobby her own government with her own views?· A delegation of councillors is lobbying the Government because they say the noise is unbearable.· The foundation also lobbies the government to increase surveillance and research into this disease, and it sponsors international conferences.· From the economy's viewpoint, resources devoted to lobbying the government or maintaining deliberate over-capacity may also be largely wasted.· The fund had to lobby the federal government -- successfully -- to relax certain investment deadlines. ► group · The group also lobbied the next meeting of Tipperary County Council for support for further tests.· I am not sure this group will do direct lobbying.· The steering group would lobby for improvements.· Consumer groups have lobbied against the idea, saying that only insurers will benefit from the plan.· Environmental groups have been lobbying for years about the issue.· Industry groups have lobbied for these to be given permanent status.· Ten years ago they formed themselves into the Hargeisa Group to lobby the government for a better deal for the north. ► industry · Cheshire's chemical industry has been lobbying hard for cuts in electricity pricing.· Individual industries have lobbied Congress to provide special protections just for them.· The pharmaceuticals industry has lobbied extensively to make sure that poor countries don't take advantage of these rules. ► issue · In recent years, Christians from the two traditions have cast aside centuries of hostility to lobby on political issues.· The bar was sued earlier this year for lobbying the Legislature on issues unrelated to the legal profession.· The lawyers are a frequent rival of the insurers in lobbying on insurance issues. ► law · Strom, who is stepping down Jan. 19 to open his own law and lobbying firm. to try to persuade the government or someone with political power that a law or situation should be changedlobby for/against The group is lobbying for a reduction in defence spending.lobby somebody to do something We’ve been lobbying our state representative to support the new health plan.—lobbyist noun [countable]
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