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单词 monetary
释义
monetarymon‧e‧ta‧ry /ˈmʌnətəri $ ˈmɑːnəteri/ adjective [only before noun] Word Origin
WORD ORIGINmonetary
Origin:
1800-1900 Late Latin monetarius, from Latin moneta; ➔ MONEY
Examples
EXAMPLES FROM OTHER DICTIONARIES
  • a plan to introduce monetary reform
  • European monetary union
  • Some economists question the effectiveness of monetary control as a means of regulating the economy.
  • The country has a monetary system based on the value of gold.
  • The IMF should not dictate how Mexico should run its monetary policies.
  • There's only one conclusion to make about this data on monetary growth.
EXAMPLES FROM THE CORPUS
  • Eventually, a contractionary monetary policy of this form must work.
  • In addition to getting his own way, monetary profits and his cousin Silvia, he also cared about winning races.
  • In addition to the monetary settlement, Price Pfister will also help fund a lead education program for consumers.
  • Keynesian and monetarist attitudes towards monetary policy Keynesians and monetarists give very different answers to these questions.
  • Let us consider economic and monetary union and a single currency.
  • The first is that the constant component of monetary growth, g, does now exert an influence on real output.
  • The great decline in velocity from 1980 to 1986 may seem to support those who say that monetary policy had little influence.
  • Will we display more of the statesmanship, selflessness, and disregard for monetary advantage associated with public service and professional responsibility?
Thesaurus
THESAURUS
relating to money or the management of money: · businesses that provide personal financial services· the financial problems of old age
relating to the money of a country, area, or society, and the way it is earned, spent, and controlled: · American voters were anxious for a change in economic policy.· an economic crisis
[only before noun] formal relating to the money, debts, tax etc that are owned and managed by the government: · fiscal control· The Indian government is trying to reduce the fiscal deficit.
[only before noun] formal relating to money, especially all the money in a country, and how it is managed: · The Bank of Thailand has retained a tight monetary policy.· the European Monetary System
[only before noun] formal relating to the official plan of how the money of a country or organization is spent: · City officials are facing tough budgetary decisions.· the process of budgetary control
Longman Language Activatorrelating to money and the way it is used
connected with money - use this about the way that people and organizations use and control their money: · Wall Street is the financial center of the US.· There is a possibility of a full-scale financial crisis, like the great crash of 1929.· Many libraries have found that their financial resources are stretched to the limit.· The accounts show that the school's financial position is very healthy.financial support/backing/assistance etc: · He failed to get financial support from his employers.· The amount of financial aid offered has become more central to students' decisions about which school to attend.financial dealings/transactions: · Revelations about his financial dealings could change his election prospects dramatically.· He developed computer software to handle complicated financial transactions.financial difficulties/problems: · Joan has a lot of financial problems at the moment.· Mexico's financial difficulties increased rather than diminished.financial year British (=the 12-month period used by companies to calculate their accounts): · Norton have announced profits of £3.5 million for the financial year 2000-01.
all the activities that are related to how a company or country uses or organizes its money: · He was an expert in finance and advised people where to invest their money.· The use of IT in areas such as accounting and finance has grown at an astonishing rate.· She works as a director of finance for an oil company.finance minister/officer etc: · Kubo is slated to become Japan's next finance minister.high finance (=financial activities involving countries or big companies -- used especially to show that you do not know very much about those activities): · The other guys in the office were ten to fifteen years my senior, and old hands in high finance.
relating to or involving money, especially the money that is available to the government of a country, and how it decides to spend it: · There's only one conclusion to make about this data on monetary growth.monetary policy/control etc: · The IMF should not dictate how Mexico should run its monetary policies.· a plan to introduce monetary reform· Some economists question the effectiveness of monetary control as a means of regulating the economy.· European monetary union
formal connected with money, taxes, debts, etc that are owned and managed by the government: · Perez stated that the current fiscal crisis was the result of the collapse of the oil industry.· It was thought that skillful monetary and fiscal intervention could rescue the economy.fiscal policy: · The Council of Finances determined fiscal policy within the region.fiscal deficit: · Columbia's fiscal deficit could soar to 1.6 percent of GDP.fiscal year especially American (=the 12-month period used by companies to calculate their accounts): · Over the past fiscal year, the school has received $250 million in federal dollars for 1,600 projects.
connected with the way money is earned, spent, and controlled within a country or society: · The tax breaks will stimulate economic activity.· Florida will benefit from a number of economic trends that play to its strengths.economic climate (=general state of the economy): · In this kind of economic climate, employees prefer a lower salary in a job that is secure.economic crisis: · Cuba is emerging from five years of economic crisis.· Investors took their money elsewhere, prompting a far-reaching economic crisis.economic growth/development etc: · Slow economic growth and low consumer spending affected sales last year.· a wide variety of economic development strategieseconomic recovery: · Investors are holding out from Mexican stocks until they see clear signs of an economic recovery.economic sanctions (=official laws that stop trade with another country, for political reasons): · The US has maintained tough economic sanctions on Cuba.economic summit (=an important meeting for the leaders of countries to discuss the world's economy): · World leaders gathered in the Miyako Hotel to map out the agenda for next month's economic summit.
the study of how money is earned, spent, and controlled within a country or society: · He studied economics at Harvard University.· He knows very little about economics or international finance.· Keynes's theories have had an important influence on modern economics.
WORD SETS
absolute advantage, active population, additionality, nounadjustable peg, nounannual earnings, anti-dumping, adjectiveanti-inflation, adjectiveausterity, nounbad debt, nounbalance of payments, nounbalance of trade, nounbalance sheet, nounbank money, bank rate, nounbankrupt, adjectivebankrupt, verbbankrupt, nounbarrier to trade, nounbilateralism, nounblack market, nounboom, nounbroad money, brown goods, nounbudget, nounCACM, capital accumulation, nouncapital formation, nouncapitalism, nouncapitalist, adjectivecapital surplus, cartel, nouncentral government borrowing requirement, CGBR, Chicago School, nounclosed economy, nouncommerce clause, commodity, nouncommodity product, comparative advantage, consumer, nounconsumer confidence, nounconsumer durables, nounconsumer goods, nounconsumer price index, nounconsumer surplus, consumption, nounconsumption function, nounCost of Production Theory of Value, nouncreditor turnover rate, nouncredit rationing, noundebt ratio, deflate, verbdemand, noundemand and supply, noundemand price, demonstration effect, deregulate, verbdeveloped, adjectivedirigisme, noundiscretionary spending, dishoarding, noundisinflation, noundisposable income, noundis-saving, noundisutility, noundiversify, verbdivision of labour, noundole queue, dollars-and-cents, adjectivedowntick, noundownturn, noundrawdown, nouneconomic, adjectiveeconomic goods, economic paradigm, economist, nouneconomy, nounefficient market, elasticity of demand, nounelasticity of substitution, nounembargo, verbemployment theory, euro-zone, exchange, nounExchange equalization account, exchange rate mechanism, nounexpectations, nounexpenditure, nounexternal account, external competitiveness, externality, nounfactor cost, factor of production, nounFederal funds, fiscal, adjectivefloor, nounflow of funds, nounforced saving, for-profit, adjectivefree enterprise, nounfree marketeer, nounfree movement, nounfree trade, nounGDP, nounGNP, nounGoldilocks economy, goods, noungoods and services, noungross domestic product, noungross national product, noungross product, nounguaranteed price, hyperinflation, nounIMF, the, IMF quota, imperfect competition, imperfect market, import, nounimport, verbimportation, nounimporter, nounincome effect, industrial output index, Industrial Sentiment index, inelastic, adjectiveinflate, verbinflation, nouninflationary, adjectiveintermediate goods, International Monetary Fund, nouninvestment goods, J-curve, nounknowledge economy, labour-intensive, adjectivelabour market, nounLaffer curve, nounlaissez-faire, nounliving standard, nounMaastricht Treaty, nounmacroeconomics, nounmarginal revenue, market-driven, adjectivemarket economy, nounmarket failure, market forces, nounmarket-led, adjectivemarket-oriented, adjectivemarket value, nounmixed economy, nounmonetarism, nounmonetary, adjectivemoney income, monopsony, nounmultilateralism, nounNAIRU, nounnational debt, nounnational income, nationalize, verbnational wealth, neocolonialism, nounnet output, NIC, nounnominal price, non-durable goods, open-market, adjectiveoutflow, nounoverheated, adjectivepass-along, nounpass-through, nounpeg, verbper-capita income, perfect competition, perfect market, personal saving, political economy, nounpost-industrial, adjectivePPI, price control, nounprice effect, price fixing, nounprice-fixing, nounprice index, nounprice-insensitive, adjectiveprice-sensitive, adjectiveprice support, nounprice theory, primary production, private enterprise, nounprivately-owned, adjectiveprivatization, nounprivatize, verbproducer price index, production control, protect, verbprotectionism, nounprotective, adjectivepublic enterprise, public ownership, nounpublic sector borrowing requirement, public service, nounPurchasing Managers' index, real, adjectivereal income, recession, nounreflation, nounrefund, nounRetail Price Index, scarcity value, nounshakeout, nounSingle European Market, slump, nounsocial accounting, socioeconomic, adjectivesqueeze, verbsqueeze, nounstagflation, nounstandard of living, nounstandard spending assessment, staple, nounstringent, adjectivesubsidy, nounsubstitution effect, surplus, nounsystematic risk, trade deficit, nountrade dispute, trade gap, nountrade surplus, nountrade-weighted index, trickle-down effect, nountrough, nountrust, noununder-investment, noununit of account, noununsystematic risk, uptick, nounvoodoo economics, noun
Collocations
COLLOCATIONS FROM OTHER ENTRIES
(=the value of something in money)· They made an attempt to assess the cash value of the contract.
COLLOCATIONS FROM THE CORPUSNOUN
· For equilibrium, where is the rate of change of the nominal money supply set by the monetary authorities.· Rational agents are not repeatedly and systematically duped by the actions of the monetary authorities.· Accordingly, they can be ignored by monetary authorities seeking to control the overall price level.· Obviously the snake arrangements required intervention by domestic monetary authorities when currencies looked likely to break out of the 2¼ percent band.· Governments and their agents, the monetary authorities, are continually changing course in the conduct of their monetary policies.
· If nothing else happens, we are in the world of monetary base control.· This shows how intermediation via Euromarket banks can increase the volume of spending for a given monetary base.· They have none of them anything to do with attempts to specify a ratio for monetary base type control purposes.· Open-market operations should therefore be much more effective in reducing general liquidity than in reducing the monetary base.· Provided this agreement exists there can be no pretence at a system of monetary base control.· Thus although the monetary base is controlled, spending still expands.· The possibility of controlling the monetary base as a means of influencing monetary growth is discussed in section 9.1.· The Convertible Act requires the Central Bank to maintain 100 % backing for the monetary base in gold and currency.
· Should monetary compensation be made available as a remedy in public law, and if so, on what basis?· They have done so by fixing arbitrary standards of monetary compensation which ... are not susceptible of analysis.· There would be monetary compensation for the loss of the flat.
· Stabilisation based on fiscal balance and monetary control is thus the sinequanon of a return to economic sanity.· Short-term monetary control: what should governments attempt to control?· Its key element was a relaxation of the past two years' tight monetary controls in an effort to halt recession.· If the demand curve shifts very much, and if it is inelastic, then monetary control will be very difficult.· Even though this is the current preferred method of monetary control it is not without its difficulties.· Eventually, the existing form of monetary control would be rendered useless.· Thus targeting was abandoned, but the government still continued to use various techniques of monetary control.· Problem of an unstable demand Accurate monetary control requires the authorities to be able to predict the demand curve for money.
· The suit asked the court for injunctive relief and monetary damages.· The suit also seeks unspecified monetary damages.· The complaint seeks monetary damages for victims and a fine as high as $ 10,000 for each of the two charges.· If the jurors find Simpson responsible, Fujisaki told them, they will then have to determine the amount of monetary damages.· The trial, in which the plaintiffs will seek yet-unspecified monetary damages, is scheduled to start April 2
· What has this monetary expansion financed?· This means that in the long-run, the full effect of any monetary expansion will be on the price level.
· Here, then, is a fourth source of monetary growth.· A similar constraint is visible in the monetary growth rates of all the advanced industrial countries.· A third modification is to introduce an explicit private-sector aggregate demand shock and to eliminate the random component of monetary growth.· This is a stark indicator of the fall in monetary growth since the end of the cold war.· For example, markets will always have a view about the government's policy on monetary growth.· Holding monetary growth so low virtually dooms the United States to stagnant wages and social tensions.· Its symptoms are familiar: feeble monetary growth, a weak property market and a distressed banking system.· Recall that the authorities may have an interest in seeing interest rates rise in order to discourage bank lending and monetary growth.
· Secondly, we should consider carefully the statutes of the monetary institution.· Most international monetary institutions were regarded as being outdated with virtually no Communist country representation.· It is also important for the City to ensure that the central bank and monetary institution come here.
· Be that as it may, there now exists a political consensus in favour of the complete monetary integration of the Community.· Similarly, the process of monetary integration must be accompanied by progress towards political integration.· There exists sufficient political will as to inspire confidence that the Community will proceed towards complete monetary integration.
· In this context, special interest is attached to the role of fiscal and monetary policy in the generation of cycles.· As a result, most of these countries have switched to orthodox fiscal and monetary policies to curb inflation.· The project assesses the impact of monetary policy on the changing structure of the banking industry on both prices and incomes.· At points this chapter steps outside the traditional boundaries of economics, and discusses some psychological problems in making monetary policy.· Keynesian and monetarist attitudes towards monetary policy Keynesians and monetarists give very different answers to these questions.· The Bundesbank central council will meet Thursday to debate interest-rate and monetary policy.· In some other countries central banks are more independent of the government and can take much more initiative in deciding monetary policy.· Anti-inflationary policies lead to restrictive monetary policies that deliberately produced high unemployment.
· Nobody can dodge the monetary reform.· By a 45-vote majority the Congress supported the continuation of the monetary reform policy freezing an estimated US$115,000 million in private financial assets.
· Work itself may be a pleasure and the monetary reward may be of limited importance after a minimum income is gained.· Later, her staff members became aware of the larger number of promotions and monetary rewards accorded to people in other groups.
· It does not disappear from the monetary sector.· Its function as banker to the government and to the monetary sector.· As we have seen above, discount houses and other members of the monetary sector have substantial short-term funds lent to each other.· Firstly, that the monetary sector can expand its assets and liabilities up to a limit imposed by its available reserves.· Under the 1979 and 1987 Banking Acts, a monetary sector was defined.· We now consider the sector which comprises institutions other than those in the monetary sector.· The monetary sector now comprises those institutions subject to the Bank's supervisory powers under the 1987 Banking Act.· The upper graph shows the economy's initial general equilibrium position in the real and monetary sectors.
· By definition monetary stability has two dimensions: a price and an exchange rate dimension.· Again frustrated, the two were ripe for the monetary stability Clive Davis could offer.· The policy of economic rigour and monetary stability, which had kept inflation to around 3 percent, would nevertheless be maintained.· Countries with the greatest monetary stability, it admitted, keep their central banks free of political control.
· If the monetary system topples the economic system will also come crashing down.· As cities and their monetary systems organized further into city-states and then into nations, an economic system called mercantilism developed.· He argued that the international monetary system, based largely on the dollar, contained certain inherent contradictions.· Consequently a lack of cooperation in the international monetary system only served to intensify the economic problem of the 1930s.· The main issue is how an international monetary system adjusts to shocks and to changes in economic circumstances between countries.· The characteristic features of an international monetary system based on floating are as follows:.· By the late 1970s it became obvious that the petro-dollar surplus was not going to destroy the international monetary system.
· The only monetary target he should be interested in was the price of his memoirs.· These instruments can be directed at the two monetary targets, the money supply and interest rates.· Table 8.3 shows that the government regularly exceeded its monetary targets.· There have been several other occasions on which the government's monetary targets have not been achieved.· As seen above, initially the monetary target was fixed in terms of M3.
· The unanswered question is whether economic convergence and the move towards monetary union are a self-reinforcing mechanism.· Bonn sets new deadline for full monetary union.· Farmers were among the hardest hit by economic and monetary union.· It was agreed to harmonize fiscal incentives for investors and to aim at the creation of a monetary union by 1995.· No doubt we will have another debate before then on economic and monetary union.
· Occasionally I meet some one who likes their work but is disappointed with the monetary value put on it.· To place a monetary value on the prevention of an epidemic is largely conjectural.· Certainly for earlier periods the rarity and high monetary value of items will place them beyond the reach of schools.· Recorded Delivery is for ordinary letters or documents which have little or no monetary value.· The monetary value of the lamp, as opposed to its humanitarian value, was greatly appreciated by all the major principals concerned.· Silver and gold are rare and were prized for their monetary value, appearance and resistance to corrosion.· Several speakers at the seminar argued for a monetary value to be placed on resources such as irrigation water.· They were worried only about what would happen to the monetary value of the paintings and their business as dealers.
 relating to money, especially all the money in a particular country:  the government’s tight monetary policy objects of little monetary value► see thesaurus at financial
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