单词	necessity
释义	necessityne‧ces‧si‧ty /nəˈsesəti/ ●●○ noun (plural necessities) Word Origin WORD ORIGINnecessity Origin: 1300-1400 French necessité, from Latin necessitas, from necesse; ➔ NECESSARY Examples EXAMPLES FROM OTHER DICTIONARIES A car is an absolute necessity in this town. Even basic necessities such as pencils and paper were lacking in the school. For several years, the family was forced to make do with just the bare necessities. I would say that TV has become more a necessity than a luxury, wouldn't you? The decision to sell the car was fueled by necessity. EXAMPLES FROM THE CORPUS A list made beforehand and ticked off should obviate the necessity for this though. Economic necessity or opportunity often forces them to make decisions that favor a particular constituency over its counterparts. In the longer term, that particular barrier is likely to disappear through sheer economic necessity on the part of business. It will itself exist of necessity, and it will necessarily contain all possibilities in itself. Of necessity two different ways of measuring the same thing must come to the same conclusion. Protests were countered by claims of the objective necessity of maintaining financial security. The court held that necessity was a defence to the claim in trespass and nuisance. Ultimately a growing population of families unable to meet the basic necessities of life invites uncontainable crime and disease. Thesaurus Longman Language Activatorsomething that is needed► need if there is a need for something, that thing is needed: need for: · Carlton acknowledged that there was a need for stricter safety regulations at some of the sites.need to do something: · The need to improve teaching standards is recognized; however, it is not something that is going to happen overnight.feel the need to do something (=feel that you need to do something): · Don't you ever feel the need to take a vacation? ► necessity something that you must have for your job or for your life, not something that you only have for pleasure: · I would say that TV has become more a necessity than a luxury, wouldn't you?the bare necessities (=the most important and necessary things such as clothes and food): · For several years, the family was forced to make do with just the bare necessities. ► requirement the amount or level of something that it is necessary to have, especially one that has been officially decided or is officially advised: · The average daily food requirement for an adult is between 2000 and 3000 calories.come up to/meet/satisfy a requirement (=reach the necessary level or amount): · For the second year in a row, the city's water supply has failed to meet minimum purity requirements. necessary► necessary if something is necessary , you need to have it or do it: · He produced the necessary documents and handed them to her.necessary for: · Fats in our diet are necessary for both heat and energy.if necessary (=if it is necessary): · If necessary, we will have to employ some outside people to finish the job.it is necessary (for somebody) to do something formal: · It will be necessary to close the pool while the repairs take place.· The doctor says it may be necessary for me to have an operation. ► essential if something is essential , you need it because you cannot be successful, healthy, safe etc without it: · If you're going hiking in the mountains, a decent pair of boots is essential.· The tourist industry is now acknowledged as an essential part of the Spanish economy.essential for: · Calcium is essential for the development of healthy teeth and bones.it is essential to do something: · It is essential to read any document carefully before you sign it.it is essential that: · It is essential that the oil is checked every 10,000 km. ► vital if something is vital , it is extremely important and you will have serious problems if you do not have it or do it: · In this job, the ability to remain calm is vital.· The European Space Agency said that a vital piece of equipment on the craft had stopped functioning.vital for: · Regular exercise is vital for your health.it is vital that: · It is vital that you keep accurate tax records. ► indispensable someone or something that is indispensable is extremely useful and it is almost impossible to do something without them: · If you're planning on going sightseeing around the old city, a guide is indispensable.indispensable to: · The book will be indispensable to anyone who wishes to learn more about the British Royal Family. ► be a necessity if something is a necessity , you must have it for your job or for your life, and it is not something that you only have for pleasure: · For most people, a good guidebook is a necessity when travelling.· If you live in a place like London, a car alarm is an absolute necessity. ► be a must informal if you say that something such as a book, film, or type of clothes is a must , you mean that people must read, see, or wear it, because it is very fashionable, enjoyable, interesting etc - used especially in advertisements and magazines: · If you're interested in the early history of aviation, this book is a must.be a must for somebody: · Ankle boots are a must for anyone who wants to keep up with the latest fashions this autumn. ► required also requisite formal necessary for a particular purpose, especially according to a law or rule: · They failed to submit their plans in the required time limit.· If the proposed piece of legislation fails to get the requisite two-thirds majority in Parliament, it cannot become law.required for: · In my opinion, she does not have the qualifications required for the job.· Research and writing have become requisite for career advancement in academia. Collocations COLLOCATIONS FROM THE ENTRY► absolute necessity  A car is an absolute necessity if you live in the country. ► the basic/bare necessities  A lot of families cannot even afford to buy the basic necessities of life. ► economic/practical/political etc necessity  I’m afraid it’s become a matter of economic necessity. COLLOCATIONS FROM OTHER ENTRIES► the bare essentials/necessities  Her bag was light, packed with only the bare essentials. COLLOCATIONS FROM THE CORPUSADJECTIVE► absolute · This is an absolute necessity and to work in defiance of it means total failure.· White gloves and a pillbox hat were absolute necessities.· Design, development and management have in common the absolute necessity of taking action based on incomplete information.· Artificial light is an absolute necessity for the developments of plants.· There are two infestations that are commonly transmitted in this way although there is no absolute necessity for this mode of transmission.· Careful searching of the literature is an absolute necessity in the preparation of any study and solution to problems.· Supplies of liquid helium are an absolute necessity in many modern science laboratories. ► bare · Although many people in Esarn are poor, most have the bare necessities. ► basic · Food is the basic necessity of life and without it economic progress is impossible.· Rearing a child to maturity requires large expenditures on the basic necessities of life.· For the first time, in many cases, working people were able to purchase more than basic necessities.· Even basic necessities, such as pencils and paper, were often completely lacking.· If a charge is made to some one on income support, this reduces the income available to pay for basic necessities.· Ultimately a growing population of families unable to meet the basic necessities of life invites uncontainable crime and disease.· They were starved of food and basic necessities.· It led all the others, being both a producer of basic necessities and a provider of luxuries. ► economic · In the longer term, that particular barrier is likely to disappear through sheer economic necessity on the part of business.· The school board claimed the dis-missals were required by economic necessity.· It was not only a personal benefit, but a social and economic necessity.· Most women are forced through economic necessity to work in part-time low-paid jobs with quite a large number in the black economy.· Educational developments often occur in the wake of economic necessity.· When it's forced upon you by economic necessity it can become a grim affair.· Stalking stags is turned into a sport as an economic necessity as much as anything else.· Marriage was essential for the young working-class girl, indeed an economic necessity, for she could scarcely have survived unmarried. ► medical · The exceptions would be driving for school, work, or medical or family necessities.· Exceptions include work, school, medical and family necessities. ► military · In lieu of a policy, most political decisions were dictated by military necessity. ► other · Supplies of milk, meat and other necessities are running low.· Records of clothing and the other necessities and niceties of life are scanty.· On August 27 they awoke to find that food had gone on ration, as had petrol and many other necessities.· So it was with many others, selling implements, rope and all the other necessities needed by the farming community.· His other necessity in life was solitude.· He needed to do some shopping for cleaning materials and other basic necessities and decided to go.· My grant covered the school fees only, and no provision was made for other necessities. ► political · Realizing this, Franco stepped up his arguments in favour of a slow campaign, justifying it as a political necessity.· For a long time she maintained her maiden name until it became a public and political necessity to adopt the surname Clinton.· It was an economic and political necessity. ► practical · So international agreement and co-operation is in this field not merely an ideal but a practical necessity for effective justice.· The need for reliability is not only ethically desirable, it is generally a practical necessity.· Certainly marriage was very much a practical necessity for working class girls, and the chief hope was for a good bargain.· Indeed, for many municipalities a concern with cost containment and with stimulating private investment became a practical necessity. ► social · It was not only a personal benefit, but a social and economic necessity.· That was a ritualized occasion of the greatest social necessity.· He defends the city as a human and social necessity.· It's a sort of social necessity. ► urgent · Policies which address such issues are an urgent necessity.· Plans, in fact, had become an urgent necessity.· The future demands for knowledge on this subject means more research is a real and urgent necessity. VERB► accept · The five had always perhaps accepted the necessity of compromise. ► avoid · Such a scheme is simpler as it avoids the necessity for a reduction of share capital.· They avoided the necessity of computing the restricted model by estimating the unrestricted model and testing the restrictions using the Wald test.· It may incorporate a shock-absorbing layer, avoiding the necessity of a mid-sole. ► become · Absolute poverty has fallen steadily since the industrial revolution, which is why yesterday's luxuries have become today's necessities.· Early reunification, in short, has become a necessity for the world Trotskyist movement.· At universities, where professors of medicine taught botany, physic gardens became a necessity for the practical study of plants.· In fact, being able to make quick decisions about a whole host of issues becomes a necessity.· The check had become a matter of necessity rather than of choice.· Plans, in fact, had become an urgent necessity.· Suddenly intelligent rock journalism became a necessity.· Educational investments become a defensive necessity. ► provide · Although there is never a clean slate on which to start planning, the new start provides the necessity for such planning.· This may seem to provide the basis for necessity.· He provided for us the necessities of life - food, shelter, clothing.· They are consciously trying to redesign a new system for providing many of the necessities of life. ► understand · She would at once understand the motive and, however coldly she dealt with me, she would understand the necessity.· Pope thus summarized one possible eighteenth-century understanding of necessity.· The first step is to understand the necessity and scope of the choice that has to be made.· Many of them have come to understand both the necessity and the complexity of bringing various groups together. Phrases PHRASES FROM THE ENTRY► of necessity East-West relations have, of necessity, dominated the agenda for the past 45 years. ► necessity is the mother of inventionPHRASES FROM OTHER ENTRIES► make a virtue of necessity But Simon does not merely make a virtue of necessity. But since response from ministers by the 1840s was extremely circumspect the reformers were probably making a virtue of necessity. Word family WORD FAMILYnounnecessitythe necessariesthe necessaryadjectivenecessary ≠ unnecessaryverbnecessitateadverbnecessarily ≠ unnecessarily 1[countable] something that you need to have in order to live OPP  luxury:  She saw books as a necessity, not a luxury. A car is an absolute necessity if you live in the country.the basic/bare necessities A lot of families cannot even afford to buy the basic necessities of life.2[uncountable] when something is necessarynecessity for He emphasized the necessity for good planning and management.the necessity of (doing) something This illustrates the necessity of keeping accurate records of your work. Many teachers are now questioning the necessity of formal exams.through/out of necessity He only remained with the group out of necessity.economic/practical/political etc necessity I’m afraid it’s become a matter of economic necessity.3[countable] something that must happen, even if it is unpleasant:  Taxes are a regrettable necessity.4 of necessity formal used when something happens in a particular way because that is the only possible way it can happen:  Many of the jobs are, of necessity, temporary.5 necessity is the mother of invention used to say that if someone really needs to do something, they will find a way of doing it
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