单词 | organic |
释义 | organicor‧gan‧ic /ɔːˈɡænɪk $ ɔːr-/ ●●○ W3 adjective Entry menu MENU FOR organicorganic1 farming2 development3 living things4 part of something5 body organs ExamplesEXAMPLES FROM OTHER DICTIONARIES Thesaurus
THESAURUS► natural Collocations existing in nature and not caused, made, or controlled by people: · a natural lake· natural light· the Earth's natural resources· We only use natural ingredients in our products.· his natural hair colour ► wild used about flowers, plants, and animals that are not controlled by people. Also used about areas of land where there are no humans: · We found some wild strawberries.· wild horses· wild open spaces ► pure used about food, drink, or materials that have not had anything added to them: · pure orange juice· pure new wool ► organic used about fruit, vegetables, meat etc produced without using chemicals: · organic carrots· organic milk· organic beauty products ► unspoiled (also unspoilt British English) a place that is unspoiled is still beautiful because no one has built roads or buildings on it: · It was a pleasant unspoilt village.· The countryside is remarkably unspoiled. ► untouched [not before noun] a place that is untouched has not been affected by human activity: · There are few forested areas of the world that remain untouched by humans. ► virgin [only before noun] virgin forest or land is still in its natural state and has not been spoiled or changed in any way by humans: · Large areas of virgin rainforest will be protected from destruction.· He bought 14,000 acres of virgin land in Ontario. ► natural existing in nature and not caused, made, or controlled by people: · a natural lake· natural light· the Earth's natural resources· We only use natural ingredients in our products.· his natural hair colour ► wild used about flowers, plants, and animals that are not controlled by people. Also used about areas of land where there are no humans: · We found some wild strawberries.· wild horses· wild open spaces ► pure used about food, drink, or materials that have not had anything added to them: · pure orange juice· pure new wool ► organic used about fruit, vegetables, meat etc produced without using chemicals: · organic carrots· organic milk· organic beauty products ► unspoiled (also unspoilt British English) a place that is unspoiled is still beautiful because no one has built roads or buildings on it: · It was a pleasant unspoilt village.· The countryside is remarkably unspoiled. ► untouched [not before noun] a place that is untouched has not been affected by human activity: · There are few forested areas of the world that remain untouched by humans. ► virgin [only before noun] virgin forest or land is still in its natural state and has not been spoiled or changed in any way by humans: · Large areas of virgin rainforest will be protected from destruction.· He bought 14,000 acres of virgin land in Ontario. Longman Language Activatorprotecting the environment► environmentally friendly environmentally friendly products and methods do not damage the environment: · Many shoppers will buy environmentally friendly washing powders even if they are slightly more expensive.· Of course public transportation is more environmentally friendly than cars, but it needs to be efficient or people won't use it.· an environmentally friendly alternative to the aerosol spray ► eco- involved with or relating to the protection of the environment - used before some adjectives and nouns: · eco-friendly agriculture· Activists want the government to invest in low-impact eco-tourist facilities.· Officials see a role for sophisticated eco-technology to help eradicate pollution sweeping across the region. ► organic organic fruit, vegetables, grains etc are grown naturally without the use of chemicals that can harm the insects, birds, bacteria etc that depend on them to live. Organic meat, eggs etc come from animals or birds that are fed on natural food and contain no harmful artificial chemicals: · Worried by repeated food scares, more and more people are buying organic products.· For this recipe, use a free-range, organic chicken.organic farming (=the production of organic vegetables, meat etc): · Several farmers in the county have moved to organic farming recently. ► renewable renewable forms of energy, fuel, materials etc can be replaced naturally, so that they are never completely used up: · The 'green' housing community uses renewable energy sources such as solar power.· The problem with fossil fuels is that they are not renewable. ► sustainable farming methods, methods of managing forests, hunting practices etc that are sustainable do not use up more land or trees or kill more animals than can be replaced, and therefore do not damage the environment: · All wood used in our furniture comes with a certificate saying it comes from sustainable forests.· Traditional agricultural methods employed by the local people are highly sustainable. ► recycling when waste made of materials such as paper, metal, glass, and plastic is not thrown away, but is put through a special process so that it can be used again: · School students collected tons of drinks cans and bottles for recycling.· The recycling program involves every household in the neighborhood. ► conservation the practice of protecting animals, plants, forests etc, for example by officially not allowing building on the areas where they live or by not allowing them to be hunted: · The group is mainly concerned with bird conservation in coastal areas.conservation of: · the conservation of several species of dolphinconservation area (=a place where plants, wild animals etc are officially protected): · The flower now exists only in a small conservation area in Essex. food/drink► natural produced without using chemicals: · The manufacturers claim that only natural ingredients are used in their products.· Today's consumers prefer drinks that contain natural flavourings. ► organic organic fruit, vegetables etc have been grown without using chemicals to help them grow: · Most supermarkets now sell organic produce.· Organic fruit is generally more expensive.· Nowadays I only buy meat that is organic. ► pure pure food or drink has not had anything added to it: · pure orange juice· Our burgers are made of 100% pure beef. WORD SETS► Agricultureagrarian, adjectiveagribusiness, nounagro-, prefixagro-industry, nounanimal husbandry, nounanimal rights, nounartificial insemination, nounbale, nounbale, verbbarn, nounbarnyard, nounbattery, nounbiotechnology, nounbreadbasket, nounbreed, verbbreeding, nounbroiler, nounbroiler chicken, nounBSE, nounbuckaroo, nounbull, nounbutcher, verbbyre, nouncapon, nouncattleman, nouncattle market, nouncattle prod, nounchaff, nounchicken, nounchicken run, nouncollective farm, nouncoop, nounco-op, nouncorral, nouncorral, verbcowboy, nouncowgirl, nouncowhand, nouncowpoke, nouncreamery, nouncroft, nouncrofter, nouncrofting, nouncultivate, verbcultivation, noundairy, noundairy cattle, noundairy farm, noundairymaid, noundairyman, nounDDT, noundip, verbdip, noundirt farmer, noundrover, noundry-stone wall, noundude ranch, nounDutch barn, nounextensive agriculture, factory farming, nounfallow, adjectivefarm, nounfarm, verbfarmer, nounfarmhand, nounfarmhouse, nounfarming, nounfarmland, nounfarmstead, nounfarmyard, nounfeedstock, nounfield, nounfishery, nounfish farm, nounfish meal, nounflail, verbflail, nounfleece, nounfodder, nounfold, nounfoot and mouth disease, nounforage, nounfowl, nounfree-range, adjectivefungicide, noungamekeeper, noungeld, verbgenetically modified, adjectivegentleman farmer, nounGM, adjectivegoatherd, noungraft, noungraft, verbgranary, noungreenhouse, noungreen revolution, nounGreen Revolution, nounhacienda, nounharrow, nounhatchery, nounhayloft, nounhaymaking, nounhaystack, nounheifer, nounhen house, nounherbicide, nounherd, nounherd, verbherdsman, nounhigh-yield, adjectivehired hand, nounhomestead, nounhomestead, verbhopper, nounhorticulture, nounhusbandry, nounhutch, nouninsecticide, nounintensive agriculture, irrigate, verbJersey, nounkibbutz, nounlamb, verbland agent, nounlasso, nounlasso, verblift, verblitter, nounlivestock, nounlonghorn, nounmad cow disease, nounmanure, nounmeat, nounmerino, nounmilk, nounmilk churn, nounmilking machine, nounmilking parlour, nounmilkmaid, nounmixed farming, nounmower, nounmuck, nounmuckheap, nounnursery, nounoast house, nounorangery, nounorchard, nounorganic, adjectiveorganic farming, paddock, nounpaddy, nounpasturage, nounpasture, nounpasture, verbpastureland, nounpen, nounperpendicular, adjectivepest, nounpesticide, nounpiggery, nounpigpen, nounpigsty, nounpigswill, nounpitchfork, nounplantation, nounplanter, nounplough, nounplough, verbploughboy, nounploughman, nounploughshare, nounpoultry, nounproducer, nounpullet, nounPYO, raise, verbranch, nounrancher, nounranching, nounrange, nounranger, nounrear, verbrick, nounrubber, nounrun, nounrustle, verbscarecrow, nounscythe, nounsharecropper, nounshare-cropper, nounshear, verbshearer, nounsheep-dip, nounsheepdog, nounsheep-pen, nounshepherd, nounshepherdess, nounsickle, nounsilage, nounsilo, nounslaughter, verbslaughterhouse, nounsmallholding, nounsow, verbsow, nounsprayer, nounstable, nounstable, verbstable boy, nounstall, nounstation, nounsteer, nounstock, nounstockbreeder, nounstockman, nounstockyard, nounstubble, nounsty, nounswill, nounswine, nounswineherd, nountenant farmer, nounterrace, nounthresh, verbthreshing machine, nountractor, nountrough, nountruck farm, nountrue, adverbudder, nounvillein, nounvineyard, nounweedkiller, nounweevil, nounwheat, nounwheatgerm, nounwheatmeal, nounwinnow, verbwool, nounwrangler, nounyoke, nounyoke, verb COLLOCATIONS FROM THE ENTRYnouns► organic food/vegetables etc Phrases· Our restaurant uses only fresh organic vegetables.· Many people think that organic food is better for health. ► organic farming (=farming without using artificial chemicals)· the environmental benefits of organic farming ► organic farmers/farms· Organic farmers build up soil fertility by crop rotation.· Synthetic fertilisers are banned on organic farms. ► organic produce formal (=food produced by organic farming)· The store stocks a wide range of organic produce. verbs► go organic (=buy only organic food, or use only organic methods to farm)· Not all families can afford to go organic. ► become organic (=use only organic methods to farm)· More farms are becoming organic, but it is not always an easy choice. adverbs► totally/fully organic (=containing only food that is produced using organic methods)· All the ingredients are totally organic. COLLOCATIONS FROM OTHER ENTRIES► organic chemicals (=containing natural substances including carbon)· Oil and coal are known as organic chemicals. ► an organic compound (=containing carbon)· the organic compounds of which living things are made ► an organic farm (=a farm where artificial chemicals are not used)· Organic farms can be as productive as industrial farming. ► organic/intensive farming► organic/plant material Animals depend on plant material for food. ► organic produce (=produced without artificial chemicals)· There is increased demand for organic produce. ► an organic substance (=from a living thing)· Despite being an organic substance, ivory is remarkably durable. ► organic vegetable (=grown without using chemicals)· Most supermarkets sell organic fruit and vegetables. ► organic waste (=waste from plants, fruits, and vegetables)· Organic waste can be composted to make garden fertilizer. COLLOCATIONS FROM THE CORPUSADVERB► more· Postmodernism points to a more organic, less differentiated enclave of organization than those dominated by the bureaucratic designs of modernity.· A more organic metaphor is needed to describe the process of transition.· Unlike the two previous species, this one prefers more organic content in its substratum.· Science is far more organic than this. NOUN► acid· They showed that three of the five patients had excessive faecal excretion of carbohydrate and organic acids.· Accordingly, organic acids are thought to accumulate.· Saturated hydrocarbons can burn to aldehydes, alcohols to organic acids, and aromatics to unsaturated compounds which are pungent and irritating.· Those used range from mild organic acids such as citric acid to phosphoric acid highly reactive sulphuric and hydrochloric acids. ► being· On the origin and transitions of organic beings with peculiar habits and structure.· On these principles, I believe, the nature of the affinities of all organic beings may be explained.· A struggle for existence inevitably follows from the high rate at which all organic beings tend to increase. ► brain· This index distinguishes five different levels of organic brain syndrome ranging from severe to subclinical.· Patients who have organic brain disease are more likely to have an abnormality than those who do not. ► carbon· Total organic carbon is made up of non-hazardous materials.· Oil, gas, and coal, composed of organic carbon compounds, are found as economic deposits in sedimentary rocks. ► chemical· However, there is little sign that it will ever produce compounds on the scale required by the heavy organic chemicals industry.· One of the original bugs had undergone a mutation that caused it to excrete acetate, an organic chemical.· In fact there was remarkably little evidence for standard organic chemicals that do not need to be formed biologically.· It shows the close association that can exist between organic chemical synthesis and clay surfaces.· It used to be the basis of the whole heavy organic chemical industry, and might be again.· The theory is that industrial alcohol can desensitize some one to all synthetic organic chemicals, because it is derived from oil.· However, human urine would contain hormones that are similar to organic chemicals that sharks use to locate their prey.· Our organic chemicals businesses have survived the recession very well by designing new products and identifying new applications. ► chemist· Biotransformations for organic chemists will take place on 7-9 July 1992 at University of Exeter.· One of the greatest organic chemists in the world and as good as any of the present Harvard bunch. ► chemistry· The company is involved in a wide range of organic chemistry.· Louise and Amelia were also both enrolled in an inorganic chemistry course at Columbia and an organic chemistry course at Barnard.· In organic chemistry it is thus more convenient to describe carbon in terms of its valency than its oxidation numbers.· Red has four finals in four days: physics, chemistry, organic chemistry and calculus.· It is awarded biennially for excellence in physical organic chemistry embracing the relationship between structure and reactivity.· The book thus seeks to explain the application of these colorants in terms of their organic chemistry.· It is made annually for eminence in organic chemistry and includes a monetary prize of £2000.· Cimetidine was the first H2 blocker to reach the clinic, which was a triumph for synthetic organic chemistry. ► composition· There is the same organic composition of capital in both departments of production.· There are no changes in technology or productivity of labour, hence no change in the organic composition of capital.· She argued that Marx's schema of reproduction became unbalanced if one assumed such an increase in the organic composition of capital.· Marx, in his schemas, assumed an organic composition of capital of or, and also that Dept.· Now, leaving aside the case where there were different organic compositions of capital, we can see what happens.· Moreover, with an unchanged organic composition of capital we find:. ► compound· Activated carbon has the ability to remove a wide variety of organic compounds from water and wastewater, even in trace quantities.· Paints traditionally were made with volatile organic compounds, which can pollute indoor and outdoor air.· Amines are a series of organic compounds related to ammonia.· Paints today are getting safer as companies remove volatile organic compounds, but you still need to be careful.· This fact can be used to determine the identity of unknown organic compounds by the method of mixed melting points.· Having observed organic compounds in meteorites, these researchers believe the seeds of life may have been carried to earth preformed.· To summarize, the organic compounds found in cells are built up and broken down by enzymes.· Chemists know that oxygen-free climates like this tend to foster the spontaneous synthesis of organic compounds. ► farm· The prime culprit is organic farm waste, such as cattle slurry and silage, and even milk.· For a crash course on the subject, consider subscribing to an organic farm with a delivery service in your area.· Next week a new residential block opens at its organic farm, Kilcranny House, just outside Coleraine.· They say I must come and see them on their new organic farm - more land, less house, says Johnson.· A well-run organic farm could hold many times that number.· Mr Wilson says organic farms reverse many modern agricultural trends.· By exterminating farm animals, the option of small organic farms is eroded.· Loans to organic farms and businesses tripled and the number of borrowers rose by more than 50 per cent each year. ► farmer· And they also believe that would-be organic farmers should be encouraged with financial incentives.· There are around 1,100 organic farmers.· Harriet Ryley has been talking to an organic farmer who believes in putting the environment before profits.· He's an organic farmer so he doesn't use any of the chemicals used on conventional farms.· The chances of this working are close to zero, leaving organic farmers without their biological weapon of last resort.· More than 30 organic farmers have offered to have their plots surveyed.· There are over 1,000 organic farmers operating in Britain at the moment.· It's up to the organic farmers to sort out the inconsistent supply complaint. ► farming· The foundation will also research and develop organic farming techniques.· Some farmers are likely to achieve this by converting to organic farming.· In creating one she has inadvertently made a move towards alternative methods of selling that could have great significance for organic farming.· It is now open to the public as a prize example of how well organic farming can function.· These groups believe that both the Set Aside and Beef Extensification schemes could go one step further and encourage organic farming.· But as organic farming burgeons, so greater controls on the use of the word are to be introduced.· The most popular method or organic farming is using a multi-culture system in which crops are grown and livestock reared. ► food· The organic food most commonly found in a delicatessen is cheese.· The children ate organic foods from health food stores and from the garden at their home.· April 1992: the first wholesale organic food market was opened in London.· The secret of the remarkable production by plants of both oxygen and organic food substances is of course photosynthesis.· Two recent surveys clearly show that many shoppers are willing to pay more for organic food. ► growth· It is claimed to be equally efficient for removing stains and organic growth from bricks, concrete and stone.· This was partly through acquisitions, but organic growth was a more-than-healthy 73 per cent.· Maud attributes some 15% of this increase to organic growth, with acquisitions providing the balance.· Expansion by organic growth is also important, developing existing business areas, evaluating market knowledge and demonstrating confidence in the products.· Healthy organic growth is proportionate, with each area and function developing in relation to the other.· This is a strategy of organic growth.· Evolution by natural selection is' the direct negation of organic growth. ► life· Could shock-waves have brought about organic life?· Undistracted by the lusts and passions of organic life, he had pursued that goal with absolute single-mindedness of purpose.· The place is full of the aroma of Spot-Knee, the ram lamb who recently copped it after a blissful organic life.· Competition and struggle exist, as parts of the mechanism by which organic life evolves to new and superior forms.· As each culture neared the end of its organic life cycle the creative stage was finished and the atrophying civilization stage began. ► material· They also, astonishingly, contain abundant organic material.· Metal refracts it while organic material absorbs it. 3.· Uneaten food and other dead organic materials left in the tank are the worst offenders in pollution of the water.· An independent chronology for these reconstructions is essential and this is provided by radiocarbon-dating of organic material preserved in the sediments.· Muck is formed by the decaying of saw grass and other organic material over thousands of years.· They are separated by a thin layer of a very complex organic material.· The corals feed passively on bits of organic material suspended in the water. ► matter· Some organic matter is needed in order to produce nice specimens.· Many layers of decaying organic matter built up in Pennsylvania during the Cretaceous, and now it is all coal.· Properly understood and managed, strong clays will structure themselves, and can nourish plants with relatively little organic matter present.· The organic matter is extremely old and quite dissimilar to biological material.· It will grow quite well in aquarium gravel with very little organic matter.· Researchers have seen their kind before in sewers and other places where organic matter is highly concentrated.· Cultivation: A tank bottom consisting of good organic matter such as leaf-mould with sand is most suitable.· Urban refuse is 75 percent organic matter. ► milk· In 1996, organic milk sales totaled $ 30 million.· We compromise on salted Straus Family butter, a spunky, high fat, local butter made from organic milk. ► molecule· Chemists now know how to make most organic molecules in the laboratory, but the name has stuck.· One idea that has been suggested is that the precursors of life - complex organic molecules - arrived here from outer space.· Tannins, another kind of organic molecule, are used in the oil industry to make muds easier to drill.· When this happened, say Hoyle and Wickramasinghe, the organic molecules within the comets were spewed out over the land.· We know, too, that meteorites often do contain complex organic molecules.· Geologists believe that oil and coal are composed of organic molecules because they themselves are derived from living things.· None of these organic molecules shows evidence of originating from living matter.· But although organic molecules are the essential components of modern living things, they can not in isolation be considered living. ► produce· If you can only afford to buy a certain amount of organic produce, potatoes would be a good choice.· Everything depends upon the on-going premium for organic produce.· The trouble is, organic produce is not cheap.· Retailers are constantly unable to meet demand for organic produce and import around 60 percent from abroad.· He also recognised a growing market for organic produce.· The report anticipates sales of organic produce to rise from last year's £900 million to £2.7 billion by 1995.· Comfortable restaurant with an imaginative menu using organic produce.· We use much of our own organic produce and can cater for most diets. ► product· In spite of this, organic products still account for less than 1 % of produce sold.· As a producer and processor of organic products, Dirk is a successful and independent supplier of the current market demand.· Society is the natural, organic product of slow historical growth. 3. ► relationship· The best model for organic relationships was a branching tree, not a linear scale.· It was an organic relationship which even anti-democrats like Aristotle endorsed.· Second, do the new products have some organic relationship with their current stock-in-trade?· This was traditionally expressed in terms of some organic relationship between an individual and his community. ► remains· Copper can favor the preservation of organic remains, perhaps by preventing the activity of destructive micro-organisms.· Climate plays an important role too in the preservation of organic remains.· But there are no organic remains of any kind.· All over the world, rocks of this antiquity were carefully searched for organic remains. ► solvent· The nitric acid solution is then mixed with an organic solvent and the uranium and plutonium are separated from the waste products.· Similarly, the reference to reactions in organic solvents merited further discussion.· The Gyrovap can cope with 240 samples at a time and is appropriate for water as well as organic solvents.· Second, there is growing environmental pressure, particularly on organic solvents. ► structure· Burns and Stalker found that organic structures were better able to respond to change than mechanistic ones.· In Piaget's system the behavioural components are functional forms of organic structure. ► substance· Thus, falling into the technocrats' natural sin, it mistook administrative device for organic substance.· They are producers, the only organisms able to develop organic substances from inorganic mineral elements and their compounds.· QACs are badly affected by hard water and are progressively inactivated by dirt and other organic substances.· All varieties of this species withstand hard water as well as water with surplus or organic substances.· Most interesting organic substances are non-conducting, and biologists like to put their samples on insulating glass slides.· First its value was enhanced because, despite being an organic substance, ivory is remarkably durable. ► synthesis· There was one fascinating lecture on chirality and organic synthesis including the design of Salbutamol, a drug used to treat asthma.· Solution or solid phase synthesis is welcomed, as are combinatorial approaches to organic synthesis.· Chromatography is particularly useful in organic synthesis in separating and recovering the components of a mixture.· This is used to separate the products of an organic synthesis from water.· In other respects the book has changed little and there is no attempt to deal with organic synthesis in its own right.· It also needs long periods of ecological stability during which evolutionary epochs can bring about the necessary organic synthesis.· Was there a natural organic synthesis? ► unity· The principle of organic unities is wielded as yet another weapon against hedonism.· There is his basic scheme of an organic unity in life, a principle that is extended to human thought.· Moore grants that all very great goods are organic unities which have pleasure as a part.· It is an organic unity with a multiplicity of parts.· Until such questions are satisfactorily answered, evaluation of the principle of organic unities remains problematic.· Post-structuralist critics will deny that literature possesses the organic unity to which the New Critics attached so much weight.· From this it would follow that the principle of organic unities has no clear meaning.· Where it is different, Moore calls the whole in question an organic unity. ► waste· A plastic dustbin with breeding colony on to which organic waste is showered.· That treatment system, which only removes organic waste, costs $ 41, 000 annually to operate and maintain.· Producing methane gas from landfill sites, sewage works and organic wastes is another extremely practical use of resources.· The lagoons would be lined and filled with organic waste, after recyclable materials had been separated.· Food, wood, the organic wastes of animals and plants are all forms of biomass. ► whole· This magnificent vision of church and society united as an organic whole was, however, doomed to disintegrate.· Members of these groups, which are linked together in an organic whole, work cooperatively to maintain the social order.· According to ancient ideas, the balance of yin and yang forces comprise an organic whole.· The Universe is one organic whole, no matter how diverse and widely differing its manifold aspects may seem to be.· The reasons Moore gives for thinking that there can not be organic wholes are not very compelling. PHRASES FROM OTHER ENTRIES► waste/solid/organic/vegetable etc matter 1farming relating to farming or gardening methods of growing food without using artificial chemicals, or produced or grown by these methods: Organic farming is better for the environment. organic gardeningorganic food/vegetables/milk etc The shop sells organic food. organic wine2development change or development which is organic happens in a natural way, without anyone planning it or forcing it to happen: The company’s path to success was by means of organic growth.3living things living, or produced by or from living things OPP inorganic: Adding organic matter such as manure can improve the soil. Bacteria act on organic waste.4part of something an organic system or relationship is one in which the parts or people fit well and in a comfortable way with each other: an organic relationship between the individual and his community They believe in the organic unity of the universe.5body organs relating to the organs of the body: organic diseases—organically /-kli/ adverb: organically produced cheese A writer’s style must develop organically.COLLOCATIONSnounsorganic food/vegetables etc· Our restaurant uses only fresh organic vegetables.· Many people think that organic food is better for health.organic farming (=farming without using artificial chemicals)· the environmental benefits of organic farmingorganic farmers/farms· Organic farmers build up soil fertility by crop rotation.· Synthetic fertilisers are banned on organic farms.organic produce formal (=food produced by organic farming)· The store stocks a wide range of organic produce.verbsgo organic (=buy only organic food, or use only organic methods to farm)· Not all families can afford to go organic.become organic (=use only organic methods to farm)· More farms are becoming organic, but it is not always an easy choice.adverbstotally/fully organic (=containing only food that is produced using organic methods)· All the ingredients are totally organic.
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