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单词 roughness
释义
roughrough1 /rʌf/ ●●● S2 W3 adjective (comparative rougher, superlative roughest) Entry menu
MENU FOR roughrough1 not smooth2 not exact3 problems/difficulties4 not gentle5 town/area etc6 weather/sea7 voice/sound8 simple/not well made9 not comfortable10 have rough edges11 rough night12 a rough deal13 feel rough14 look rough15 rough and ready16 rough justice
Word Origin
WORD ORIGINrough1
Origin:
Old English ruh
Examples
EXAMPLES FROM OTHER DICTIONARIES
  • "What are you doing in here?'' shouted the farmer in a rough voice.
  • rough mountain paths
  • A rough gravel trail was the only way into town.
  • Football's a rough sport.
  • Fran was shaking her urgently, his voice rough with concern.
  • Give us a rough idea of what you're trying to do.
  • He fell, cutting his forehead on the rough edge of a rock.
  • He gave us a rough outline of the course.
  • Hessian cloth provides a rough homespun texture that was popular in the 1950s.
  • His hands were big and rough.
  • I'd say that the whole thing would cost you around $1000, but that's just a rough estimate.
  • I've got a rough estimate here of what it might cost.
  • I've had a rough day.
  • I have not been able to do more than suggest the rough outline of this approach.
  • It's just a rough draft, but I'd like you to read it and tell me what you think.
  • It was a rough crossing and most of the passengers were seasick.
  • Max grew up in a particularly rough part of Brooklyn.
  • Photographs show the rough surface of the moon.
  • Prices shown are only a rough guideline.
  • She had a rough idea of where Harry lived, but she didn't know the exact street.
EXAMPLES FROM THE CORPUS
  • A rough hut, breadfruit, bananas, no one to talk to.
  • Armagnac, rather like SuperBrat, is appealing because of its rough edges, its unpredictability.
  • Here you meet the Garburn Road, a rough trackway which crosses over the pass.
  • It is rough, he says, very bad.
  • Most of the activities are routed through woodland and as some of the pathways can be rough outdoor footwear is recommended.
  • The commonest are rough spar or aggregate finishes, and imitation brick and stonework; all can be painted if required.
  • The stone scraped her legs, was rough against her hands.
  • We were having a rough time just trying to pay the printer.
Thesaurus
THESAURUS
having a surface that is not flat or smooth: · rough ground· a rough mountain path· The walls were all rough.· Her hands were rough and work-hardened.
an uneven surface has areas that are not flat or not all at the same level: · The floor was uneven.· She climbed the uneven steps with great care.
a bumpy road, path, or area of land has a lot of holes and raised parts in it: · the bumpy track down to the farm· The field was too bumpy to play football on.· a bumpy journey (=on a road that has a very rough surface)
having a rough surface that feels slightly hard – used especially about materials such as cloth or wool: · coarse woollen blankets· coarse grass· The wool felt rather coarse.
land that is rugged is very rough and uneven and is often in a high place: · the rugged terrain near the mountains
Longman Language Activatornot smooth
a rough surface is not smooth because it has lumps or holes in it: · The car bumped up and down as we drove across the rough ground.· He fell, cutting his forehead on the rough edge of a rock.· Hessian cloth provides a rough homespun texture that was popular in the 1950s.
something such as material or hair that is coarse feels rough and hard, especially because it is made of thick thread, hairs etc: · All the hospital beds were covered with coarse cotton sheets.· Her straight hair, once dark brown, was becoming grey and coarse.· The fisherman's skin was dark and coarse, his hands big and strong.
an abrasive object or material has a hard rough surface that can damage other surfaces when it rubs against them: · Rub the table down with a fine abrasive paper before painting it.· If your body skin looks dull, removing dead skin with an abrasive glove can make a big difference.
scaly skin is dry and rough: · To relieve tight or scaly skin, add a teaspoon of fine oil to your bathwater.· Dandruff is characterized by a scaly and sometimes itchy scalp.
hands that are calloused are covered with thick hard areas of skin, especially because of hard physical work: · His was a big, strong hand, roughly calloused from fieldwork.· He ran a calloused finger around the rim of his glass.
to make a surface rough
· Her hands had been roughened by years of labouring.· the roughened old stump of a tree
a number or amount that is approximately right
· The measurements are approximate, but I think they'll do.· An expert could give you the approximate value of the painting.· Approximate journey time to London is four hours.
: rough guess/calculation/estimate/indication approximately correct, and therefore not to be used for detailed or important work: · The report should give you a rough indication of the company's stock market performance over the past year.· I'd say that the whole thing would cost you around $1000, but that's just a rough estimate.
a number or amount that is approximately correct - used especially in business: · A ballpark figure for the cost of the construction is $4.5 million.· A firm price hasn't been set yet, but the ballpark figure under discussion is $3 million.give somebody a ballpark figure: · Could you give me a ballpark figure?
formal a number or amount that is approximately correct: a reasonable approximation: · Five thousand dollars seems to be a reasonable approximation of the actual cost.
journey/ride
· I hate travelling by train - the carriages are always so dirty and uncomfortable.· In those days visiting the island meant a long uncomfortable voyage across choppy seas.
a sea journey that is rough is uncomfortable because bad weather makes the boat go up and down a lot: · It was a rough crossing and most of the passengers were seasick.
a journey by car or plane that is bumpy is uncomfortable because bad road conditions or bad weather make the car or plane shake a lot: · After a bumpy landing, all the passengers cheered and thanked the pilot.· To get to Agra we had to endure a long bumpy ride in an old bus.
not containing many details
a general description or explanation of something contains the most basic information but does not include all the details: · The course is called 'A General Introduction to Computing'.· This general description of the countryside oversimplifies what is really a very complicated pattern of soils and climate.a general idea (=basic knowledge): · This guidebook will give you a good general idea of the city.
not exact or complete, but with enough details for you to understand something: rough plan/outline etc: · We've drawn up a rough plan but we haven't worked out all the costs.· I have not been able to do more than suggest the rough outline of this approach. a rough idea (=a basic explanation or understanding): · Give us a rough idea of what you're trying to do.
: broad outline/generalization etc giving you basic information, so that you can understand a situation, but not giving many details: · Can you give me a broad outline of what the speech was about?· It's only a short course, but it's enough to give you a broad understanding of the subject.· To say that people are healthier than they used to be is a broad generalization -- the reality is a little more complex.
: outline knowledge/agreement/approval etc based on general principles, not on exact details: · Students taking this course need to have at least an outline knowledge of computing.· The two leaders have reached an outline agreement on controlling short range nuclear weapons.
if you do not go into detail when you are telling someone about something, you only give them the basic facts, without any details: · It was only a quick explanation - he didn't really go into detail.
not exact
not exact, or not containing exact details: · He gave us a rough outline of the course.rough estimate/guess: · I've got a rough estimate here of what it might cost.rough idea: · She had a rough idea of where Harry lived, but she didn't know the exact street.
formal an approximate number, amount, or time is close to the true number, amount, or time but does not need to be completely correct: · Our approximate time of arrival will be 10.30.· Please state on the form the approximate value of all your household goods.
an explanation, promise, reason etc that is vague is not exact, but you think that it should be: · The doctor's vague explanations only increased Clara's fears.· I've only got a vague idea of what he wants for this project.be vague about (=explain something in a vague way): · Officials were vague about the number of weapons that were uncovered.
a hazy memory, understanding, idea etc is not clear and not exact: · She had a hazy recollection of being carried out of the room. · The details are still a little hazy.
: loose translation/interpretation/sense etc a record, explanation etc of something that includes parts that are not exactly like what was said, written, or decided originally: · This is only a loose translation of the original paper.· A looser interpretation of the law would lead to more convictions.
not flat or smooth
not flat - use this about roads, walls, areas, land etc where the surface is not smooth because there are a lot of stones or small raised parts: · A rough gravel trail was the only way into town.· rough mountain paths· the rough stone walls of the old castle
a bumpy road, path, or area of land has a lot of holes and raised parts in it: · The field was too bumpy to play football on.· Neal drove the last mile down the bumpy road towards the highway.bumpy ride (=when you are travelling in a vehicle on an uneven surface): · Fasten your seatbelt, this ride may be bumpy.
an uneven surface has areas that are not flat or not all at the same level: · His teeth were yellow and uneven.· The old uneven brick sidewalk was ripped up and replaced.
a bed or chair that is lumpy has lumps under the surface so that it is uncomfortable to sit on or lie on: · Sandra lay on the lumpy mattress, unable to sleep.· I paid $40 a week for a tiny room with a lumpy couch and a battered old desk.
a guess that is based on very little information
the answer you give when you are trying to guess a number or amount but are not able to be exact: · I'd say Mrs Roberts was about 35, but that's only a rough guess.make/take/have a rough guess: · It's terribly difficult to calculate, but I could make a rough guess and say the cost will be about half a million.at a rough guess: · "How long will the journey take?" "At a rough guess, about six hours."
a strange feeling that you know the answer to something, even though you have very little information to help you to guess: · It's just a hunch, but it's possible the murderer may have been a woman.hunch that: · My hunch that he was lying turned out to be correct.have a hunch: · I have a hunch that Jodie may be planning a surprise party.hunch about: · "How did you know the answer?" "I just had a hunch about it."
a guess, especially an answer, that seems stupid or is very likely to be wrong: · This is a wild guess, but is the answer Michael Jackson?
a guess that you make when you have no information at all, so that it is almost certainly wrong: · Let's see if she's at Fiona's house. It's a shot in the dark, but we've got to start looking somewhere.
to feel ill
British /feel sick American · "Do you feel ill, darling?'' asked Rosie anxiously.· I was feeling ill, so I went home.· Mark said he felt sick, so I've made an appointment with the doctor.
also not feel too good, also not feel good American informal to feel slightly ill: · If you don't feel well the best thing to do is to stay in bed.· "I don't feel very well,'' said Jamie, suddenly going very pale.· Ben's not feeling good this morning. I think it's something he ate.· No, I don't think I'll be coming out tonight. I'm not feeling too good.
spoken informal to feel slightly ill - use this especially when you do not know what is wrong with you: · I felt a bit funny and dizzy, and then the next thing I knew I was lying on the floor.
British spoken to feel ill: · Don't get up if you're feeling rough - I'll bring you some breakfast in bed.· Liz said she was feeling pretty rough yesterday -- I don't think she'll come to work today.
British /feel sick to your stomach American to feel as if you are going to vomit (=bring food up from your stomach): · We'd only been in the car two minutes when David said he felt sick.· When I was pregnant, the smell of coffee made me feel sick to my stomach.
informal feeling weak and tired as a result of illness or drugs: · You shouldn't drive after taking these pills. They're likely to make you feel groggy.groggy from: · I went to see Sally in hospital, but she was still groggy from the anaesthetic.
to feel very weak and as if you are going to become unconscious: · It was a very hot day, and I suddenly felt faint and sick.· If at any time you feel faint or nauseous, stop taking the tablets.
when methods, systems, explanations, or words are not complicated
not complicated, and therefore easy to understand: · Speak slowly and use simple words so that everyone understands.· His children find European numbering simpler than the Chinese system.· There must be a perfectly simple explanation.be simple to do something: · Many vegetarian meals are delicious and simple to prepare.keep/make something simple: · The secret of successful dinner parties? Keep it simple.
simple - use this especially about explanations, instructions, and methods which contain nothing difficult or unexpected: · The new networking system is fairly straightforward - you shouldn't have any problems.· There are two straightforward ways of achieving this result.
simple and without any unnecessary features that could cause problems or confuse you: · Tom can now carry out uncomplicated tasks without help.· There are several basic techniques to learn, but they are uncomplicated enough to be mastered in one session.
a method or process that is unsophisticated is very simple compared to the most modern ones: · It may be a pretty unsophisticated system, but it has worked well for over fifty years.· In comparison with modern methods, it seems an incredibly slow and unsophisticated way of making cars.
needing only simple skills or knowledge to do or understand: · She had difficulty with even the most elementary tasks.· an elementary course in word-processing
English that people can easily understand, without any difficult or confusing words: in plain English: · I wish they'd write in plain English, instead of all this business jargon.· 'The theory of informed consent'? What does that mean, in plain English?
a rough and ready system, calculation, way of doing something etc uses a quick, simple method but ignores small details and therefore does not produce a completely perfect result: · Here are my calculations. They're a little rough and ready as yet, but you'll get a general idea.· Justice was administered in a rough and ready fashion, without using courts or juries.
people and their behaviour
someone who is violent attacks people physically, especially because this is part of their character. A violent action involves physical attacks on people: · My father was a violent man who couldn't control his temper.· There was a violent protest outside the court, and a police officer was injured.violent crime: · Everyone is worried about the increase in violent crime.turn violent (=suddenly start to behave violently): · Travellers to the country have been urged to avoid large crowds, which have occasionally turned violent in the past.
very cruel and violent, and without any pity: · The police are searching for the brutal attacker of a 98-year-old woman.· Some of the prison guards were brutal and corrupt.· a brutal dictatorbrutal murder/attack/killing etc: · Carter was jailed for the brutal murder of a young mother of three.
someone who is aggressive behaves in an angry way, and seems to want to fight or argue, often when this is a part of their character: · Some of the crowd were very aggressive, shouting and banging on windows.· Kids who play violent video games show much more aggressive behaviour than those who don't.
someone who is vicious is violent and dangerous and seems to enjoy hurting people for no reason: · We found ourselves surrounded by a gang of vicious young thugs, armed with belts, sticks and stones.· "It was a particularly vicious crime," a police spokesman said.vicious attack/assault : · Apparently the girl was the victim of a vicious sex attack.
hurting people in a particularly cruel way: · Police are hunting the savage killer of five men in South London.· There was savage fighting in and around the eastern border towns.· Fussell described the war as 'appallingly cruel and savage.'
a ferocious attack or fight is extremely violent: · It was one of the most ferocious attacks on prison officers I have ever seen.· Defence lawyers claimed that the shooting was a spontaneous reaction, ferocious, but not part of a plan.
using force or violence but not causing serious injury: · Some of the boys were being a bit rough with the younger kids.rough treatment/handling: · The hostages received some rough treatment during their long period of captivity.· The police have been criticized for their rough handling of the demonstrators.
a rough voice
not sounding soft or gentle, especially because the person speaking is angry or rude: · "What are you doing in here?'' shouted the farmer in a rough voice.rough with: · Fran was shaking her urgently, his voice rough with concern.
deep and rough, as if the sounds are produced deep down in your throat: · Julie had a throaty voice that made her sound older than she was.· She always spoke with a throaty German accent.
slightly rough, as though you have a sore throat, but also attractive and deep: · Stephen put his arms around her and his voice became a soft, husky whisper.· Caron Wheeler's rich, husky vocal is perfect for the song's mellow soulfulness.
deep and rough, especially when the speaker is feeling annoyed or being rude and does not want to talk much: · "If this happens again,'' said Dad, in a gruff voice, "I shall be extremely angry!''· He was an irritable old man, who seldom spoke except to say a gruff hello.
rough and not very clear, especially because your throat is sore as a result of illness or too much shouting, singing etc: · You sound very hoarse. Do you have a cold?· His voice dropped to a hoarse whisper.shout yourself hoarse British (=shout so much that you become hoarse): · He had shouted himself hoarse in his frenzied efforts to attract attention.
to write something that you intend to improve or finish later
to write a letter, speech, official document etc with the intention of changing and improving it before you use it: · She's busy drafting her speech for next week's conference.· The prisoners sat down together to draft a letter to the governor.
a rough copy of a document is the first one you write which has all the main ideas but does not have all the details and is not finished: rough copy/draft: · This is only a rough copy. I'm going to write it out again.· It's just a rough draft, but I'd like you to read it and tell me what you think.
WORD SETS
ablaze, adjectiveacoustic, adjectiveacoustics, nounaglow, adjectivebaa, verbbabble, verbbabble, nounbabel, nounbaby talk, nounbackfire, verbbackground, nounbang, nounbang, verbbang, interjectionbark, verbbark, nounbattle cry, nounbay, verbbeat, verbbeat, nounbellow, verbbellow, nounblare, verbblast, nounbleat, verbbleep, nounbleep, verbblip, nounbong, nounboom, nounboom, verbbowwow, interjectionbrassy, adjectivebray, verbbrazen, adjectivebreathy, adjectivebubble, verbbump, nounchatter, verbchatter, nounclink, verbclink, nouncrack, verbcrack, nouncrackle, verbcrackling, nouncrash, verbcrash, nouncreak, verbcreaky, adjectivecroak, verbcroak, nouncrow, nouncrow, verbcrunch, nouncrunch, verbding-dong, noundiscord, noundiscordant, adjectivedrone, verbdrone, noundrown, verbdrum, verbdrumbeat, noundrumming, noundull, adjectiveecho, verbecho, nounfizz, verbflat, adjectivefootfall, nounfootstep, nounfusillade, noungrinding, adjectivegroan, verbgroan, noungrunt, verbgrunt, nounguffaw, verbgunshot, nounguttural, adjectivehigh, adjectivehigh, adverbhiss, verbindistinct, adjectiveirregular, adjectivelow, verbmarbled, adjectivematching, adjectivemellow, adjectivemelodic, adjectivemelodious, adjectivemetallic, adjectivemoan, verbmoan, nounmodulate, verbmonotone, nounmoo, verbmurmur, verbmurmur, nounmusical, adjectivemusically, adverbmute, verbnasal, adjectivenoise, nounoink, interjectionoof, interjectionpatter, verbpatter, nounpeal, nounpeal, verbpenetrating, adjectivepercussion, nounpsychedelic, adjectivepulse, nounputter, verbquack, verbquack, nounquaver, nounracket, nounrasp, verbrasp, nounraspberry, nounrat-a-tat, nounrattle, nounraucous, adjectivereedy, adjectivereport, nounresonance, nounresonant, adjectiveresonate, verbresonator, nounresound, verbresounding, adjectivereverberate, verbreverberation, nounrich, adjectivering, nounring, verbringing, adjectiveripple, verbripple, nounroar, nounroaring, adjectiveroll, verbrough, adjectiverustle, verbrustle, nounscratch, verbscratch, nounscream, verbscream, nounscrunch, verbsmoky, adjectivesnarl, verbsoft, adjectivesoft-spoken, adjectivesonorous, adjectivesotto voce, adverbsplosh, verbsweet, adjectiveswoosh, verbtick-tock, nountinny, adjectivetonal, adjectivevivid, adjectivevowel, nounwail, verbweak, adjectivewhack, nounwham, interjectionwhine, verbwhinny, verbwhirr, verbwhistle, verbwhistle, nounyelp, nounyowl, verbzoom, noun
Collocations
COLLOCATIONS FROM THE ENTRY Meaning 3nouns
· He’s had a rough week at work.
· My children had a rough time because they were different from the rest.
(=a difficult time that does not last long)· He was good at encouraging his team when it hit a rough patch.
(=a time when you are criticized, opposed etc)· She was given a rough ride by the press.· Though the president pushed the bill through the House of Representatives, it faces a rough ride in the Senate.
(=a difficult and unpleasant experience)· If there is a recession, next year will be very rough going.
COLLOCATIONS FROM OTHER ENTRIES
(=one that is not very exact) Could you give us a rough approximation of the cost?
(=not very detailed or exact)· I made a few rough calculations of how much it would cost.
(=not exact)· I made a rough count of the houses in the street.
(=difficult to travel over)· a vehicle especially designed for rough country
(=not the finished form)· Could you let me see a rough draft of your report?
(=not exact)· Can you give me a rough estimate of how much the repairs will cost?
· He gave us an approximate figure for the cost of the repairs.
 I’m getting the work done, but it’s slow going.
(=one that is not exact)· This is just a rough guess, but I think it would cost about $50.
 The figures are only a rough guide.
British English (=live outside because of having no home) I ran away from home and lived rough for nine months.
(=one that has no details and that might change)· Thompson gave me a rough outline of what had happened at the previous meeting.
(=with big waves)· The sea was too rough to swim in.
 Cantor drew a rough sketch of his apartment on a napkin.
(=not smooth or soft)· The skin on his hands was rough and dry.
· I reached out and touched the rough surface of the stone wall.
· She felt the rough texture of his beard against her cheek.
(=one that is not very exact)· It’s a rough translation but I think the meaning is clear.
COLLOCATIONS FROM THE CORPUSNOUN
· For a long time, this was sufficient justification for Friedmann's assumption - as a rough approximation to the real universe.· But as a very rough approximation, avoiding pain and courting pleasure is indeed the way we act.· Neither could these illustrations just be rough approximations of the finished articles.· However, by making some assumptions, a rough approximation of public expenditure saving can be reached.
· Down on the bottom floor the timber for Yamaha's ever-increasing range of electric guitars is rough cut and then smooth finished.
· For quite a lot of people the last day of October was going to be a very rough day indeed.· It is easy to forget exactly how much allowance should be made for the wind and other factors on a rough day.
· Keep your rough diamonds, your kaleidoscope, your mission, your connectors and your propaganda peddler-routing revolution.
· Could it really be the first rough draft of a Euro-constitution?· Tanedo works individually with students, helping them brainstorm and write rough drafts.· She cobbled together a rough draft and then rewrote it, trying to remove the more ostentatious signs of plagiarism.· For a while the conditions are so propitious that by spring break I have a rough draft of my book.· One approach to the hypertext-to-text coherence problem is a labor-intensive one and treats the hypertext form as a rough draft.· He kept a journal now, one filled with assignments from Speech and Psychology and Math and various rough drafts for me.
· Although he sometimes rounded the rough edges off the truth, he remained an amusing raconteur and lively company.· They were the pioneers willing to accept the rough edges of life on the technological frontier.· Unpredictable, emotional and alive, it is, in keeping with the area, soul with the rough edges intact.· But the Florentine School had not polished away her rough edges.· Too much pressure, and you get a rough edge.· He managed to smooth away his rougher edges.· As with Brian, and I hope myself, Terry worked on these areas to try and even off the rough edges.· Early rough edges refined in the studio and the power never drags.
· Calculate a rough estimate of interest at 1 percent per month.· One in 5,000 is a rough estimate.· You should be able to give a rough estimate of how much work each stage of the case is likely to entail.· As a rough estimate, the average number of records required per title is 5.· A rough estimate of the current amount of housebuilding in towns of over 50,000 population is around 15 percent.· It seems worthwhile to attempt such a semi-quantitative approach if only to give rough estimates of the parameters involved.· At a rough estimate 50 percent can write a few words, 50 percent can not.
· Now they were stumbling into the front row of people, on to rough grass.· Dougal stepped softly over the rough grass towards the gazebo.· The road, which was narrow, was separated from a low cliff by a stretch of rough grass.· Chill softness brushed his back as he slid into the rough grass.· Good for utility lawns and keeping rough grass under control.· I thrust into rough grass and smoothly penetrated your loamy depths.
· In the past, waste was not useless, but provided fuel, building materials and industrial materials, as well as rough grazing.· She had needed nothing but some rough grazing, a few wells and the hospitality of the bedu to get her across.· High percentage of farm land or all land in permanent pasture made up of rough grazing.
· Felipe de Santis sat at the wheel, his eyes dark and irritated as he approached at speed over the rough ground.· I was nervous about hitting the tail rotor on the rough ground.· Picking her way over the rough ground and through the hazards, she gained the kitchen entrance.· Handling a long-wheelbase Land-Rover with its trailer over rough ground is an art that needs plenty of practice.· It is important to dress comfortably, with shoes that are suitable for walking over fairly rough ground.· Then they were driving over rough ground, loose stones popping under the tyres.· The specimen is believed to be a rough ground record for the south west.· This helps to prevent the glider from bouncing on any rough ground.
· At the side put down a rough guess of the cost that might be involved.· At a rough guess, Pierremont Gardens today stands where the real gardens of Pierremont used to be.
· We assume to start with that the weighted patterns provide a rough guide to playing the game.· Charges differ throughout the country but 40p per cubic metre is a rough guide.· However, as a rough guide, it feels slightly more Gibson-like than it does Fenderish, if that helps.· Although individuals vary a great deal, a very rough guide is that the liver removes one unit of alcohol each hour.· The latter is calibrated in centimetres, but most people will probably only use the rod as a rough guide.· As a rough guide, first scrub or wash, peel and slice them.· Charts, then, are only a rough guide to ideal weight.
· Joe stared down at the large, rough hand gently rubbing against him.· Looking down, she saw an oilcloth suit and rough hands.· His rough hand had dirt under the nails.· She felt his big rough hand running along her body outside her new dress.
· And to give a rough idea of where the group makes its money, she cited breakdown of turnover by geographic area.· This chart, from an Intelrun benchmark called Spec95, gives a rough idea of how the two chip families stack up.· This comment depends upon having some rough idea what would count as racial discrimination.· I had a rough idea from the photograph where the site was, but on the ground everything looked different.· His wife gave me a rough idea of what their insurance situation was.· Now you have a rough idea of your foot type, what do you look for?
· For that he was put to death and there was, in one respect, a rough justice about it.· So there was rough justice in the world.· On the other hand this meted out only a very rough justice to owners.· Exiled by Bolcarro to that judicial Siberia, Judge Lyttle applied his own rough justice.· Here rappers become vigilantes or revolutionaries: machines for dispensing rough justice or revenge.· Perhaps this was rough justice for my having ridden that one mile on the workmen's lorry on the sixth day.· But the appetite for rough justice which the gun-toting sheriff satisfied does not easily go away.· As it happens, there'd be a certain rough justice if I got a wage from it.
· Sounds as if he had a rough night trying to keep pace with his hosts, poor fellow!· They had a rough night last night.
· I have not been able to do more than suggest the rough outline of this approach.· As the rough outlines of other cult members' lives began to take shape, I recognized them, too.· We started the first rough outline of a scenario.· So in the rest of this introductory chapter I will give a rough outline of all that we did, and why.· So, if you can, plan ahead in rough outline.
· I'd say you're looking for a business where they have a heavy demand for rough paper.· On rough paper, cliches and clumsy constructions are allowed and then debated.· Cheap envelopes of rough paper, one blue, one greeny-grey.
· To get there would be a rough passage, and the return tortuous.· It was like coming to harbour after a rough passage - with an armful of comfort to hand.
· For years he had refused, as it would have upset his hens in their rough pasture.· At the moment it looks more like a bit of rough pasture ... full of dandelions and clover patches.· The separation is at its most apparent in the summer, when the males feed on rougher pastures higher up the mountain.· The changes were largely at the expense of moorland, heath and rough pasture.
· She had been a major influence in my life, and helped me through the rough patches.· The Royal Family is certainly going through a rough patch.· It fills in rough patches on the cuticle and give a light-reflecting finish.· When the company I work for went through a rough patch, there were no pay rises for two years.· My boyfriend and I were going through a very rough patch at the time.
· That was also rough play and he should have been punished sternly.
· Goodwin's letter was given a predictably rough ride by the liberationist press.· But history says Bill Clinton may be in for a rough ride.· Well, it's turned out not so badly, he thought, although it's been a rough ride.· Even after the Renaissance and the rebirth of learning had reached these shores ears were still having a rough ride.· He felt cold, his arms and legs aching from the rough ride of the previous day.· He cheered Tory backbenchers, but they predicted that the Chancellor could also face a rough ride unless the plan works.· Any member on a committee to which Karl Barth belonged had a rough ride.
· It's far from fast and there is some body shake over very rough roads.· We drove for a few miles on the main road to Perth, and then turned on to a smaller, rougher road.· From the chapel follow the rough road east, then north.· The information highway is a rough road at best.· The roughest road they will likely encounter is a parking lot studded with speed bumps.
· Unfortunately, the London's pilot was fatally wounded, but his co-pilot managed to alight in a very rough sea.· The equity department weathered not only rough seas but rejection as well.· A free country in a free world is always at risk from high winds and rough seas.· He sat at an ordinary table, to which the plates were clipped, as aboard ship in a rough sea.· But the yacht would be a pounding hell if caught out in a rough sea.· Sebastian Cermeno, went down in rough seas in 1595, along with at least seven sailors.· It took a bishop called Wilfred, who was driven on to the Sussex coast by rough seas, to make the breakthrough.· Dawn revealed that the rough seas had once again snapped the hogging trusses which sagged pitifully on each side of the raft.
· Also, try to make a very rough sketch of the rooms on each floor.· Make a rough sketch of a parachute on the board.· Draw a rough sketch and then translate them all in a permanent fashion to the wall.· Cantor picked up his paper napkin and drew a rough sketch of a cell membrane.· She sighed again and sorted through the rough sketches.· Yoyo studied the rough sketch a moment.· I enclose details of how to find the school and a rough sketch map showing the route from the A6.
· Remember when Wilkinson hit that rough spot in the board meeting?· Lewis talks to her, fills in the rough spots.
· Then he lifted his other foot from the ground and set it firmly on the rough stone surface too.· There are rough stone floors everywhere.· Huge rough stones stood on the hard ground.· There were no walls, just rough stones the size of dinner-plates marking each grave.· It's impossible! she exclaimed to herself, getting up and leaning on the rough stone windowsill.· Clapper or rough stone bridges are also a familiar part of the Dartmoor scenery.· They pulled themselves to the top of the wall, sat there on the rough stone, shivering.· She watched him clatter over the rough stones and station himself in the shadows beside the entrance.
· There's no rough stuff from the police - nothing you could file a complaint about - just an unexpected public display.· I wait for the rough stuff.· I nursed my damaged finger, and showed it to anyone who wanted me to join in the rough stuff.· A great route, but strictly for lovers of full body contact and a bit of the rough stuff.· A spot of rough stuff in the night; that's all they expected.· But she might still be a hindrance when it came to the rough stuff.· It should out-point them on the rough stuff, too, for the Range Rover is still king of the wild frontiers.
· She stumbled on the rough surface and Roman slid his arm round her waist, holding her against him.· I ran my tongue over its rough surface and felt its salty effervescence.· The fabric may be textured to give it a rougher surface, resembling canvas.· When reflected from a rough surface, singly and doubly reflected waves intermingle, and the signal is depolarized.· You can ring the changes by exposing the aggregate and creating a rough surface texture if you find a smooth finish uninspiring.· Between our mangled bodies and the rough surface of the board floor there was a thin rubber blanket.· You can verify that for yourself by running your fingertips ova a slightly rough surface and then stopping.· Coat each hair with a fine translucent film which smooths down the rough surface & seals the hair to prevent moisture loss.
· It's a new mobility aid designed to help blind people cover rough terrain.· Otis flew over the column, dropping flares to help the nearly blind tanks and APCs navigate the rough terrain.· The three person team was the first to cover 30 miles of rough terrain over two days.· Specially out-fitted bulldozers, called Rome Plows, also flattened huge areas of rough terrain.· So the question of her taking a five-mile hike across what in parts was sometimes rough terrain would never have occurred.· Several times, sweeps through rough terrain, which had previously yielded nothing, resulted in the discovery of enemy units.· At the top of the rise, in rougher terrain, the scenery improves dramatically as Gruinard Bay is suddenly revealed ahead.· Off road means parkland and rough terrain.
· I used the smoother side of the paper as I find a definite, rough texture rather intrusive.· The heel of one of them might massage his arm or the rough texture of his cheek.· The hairs have overlapping scales, which gives them a rough texture and increases the friction between goat and snow.· The rough texture of the coat helps to protect it in undergrowth.
· This type of loving commitment can bring a marriage through the rough times and into full blossom again.· She tries to recall the good memories to help smooth out the rough times.· We're in for a rough time, Marcus.· We were having a rough time just trying to pay the printer.· You've been through rough times.· She is having a rough time, too.· The teachers gave me a rough time for a couple of years because my student and acting image didn't fit.· After that, however, the law may have a rougher time.
· Situated on a high plain, behind Rennes-le-Chateau, La Valdieu was at the end of a very rough track.· Once just a rough track, it is now passable and marked by little yellow arrows to show people the right direction.· People would send cars up that rough track to Low Birk Hatt to make sure I travelled in style.· Carry straight on up a rough track - this is the Minchmoor Road.· Xerxes sent the Immortals, whose march-discipline on rough tracks in the dark might be equal to the task.· After ¼ mile, at farm, continue uphill on obvious rough track to left of farm.· Turn right and continue until you reach the buildings of Dykeheads and then take the rough track to the left.· The car was closer, bumping heavily over the rough track.
· Especially with the rough treatment it was being subjected to.· Pushchairs should be lightweight and compact, easy to fold and capable of withstanding rough treatment.· The lock was not designed for rough treatment.· Vinyl wallcoverings are always practical in halls since they will withstand all sorts of rough treatment.· Ricardo Weibel was seized and brought to the base for 12 days of rough treatment, before being released and sent home.· For all the rough treatment meted out to houses in institutional use, many retain remarkably fine interiors.
· Our next reaction was fear that the invasion would not succeed because of the unusually rough weather.· But this is no lagoon, and rough weather still has its effect.· Prevents wet feet when working on the foredeck or on the lee rail in rough weather.· Some doubted its ability to withstand rough weather.· Fortunately, because they are diving birds, temporary submergence in rough weather is not going to trouble them.· There was therefore an understandable reluctance to undertake regularly long voyages to windward in rough weather.· We generally sleep right through the early morning if it's rough weather.· We have suffered too much rough weather over the last few years to fall victim now to storms in the Cabinet.
Phrases
PHRASES FROM THE ENTRY
  • The play still has a few rough edges, but by next week it should be all right.
  • Sounds as if he had a rough night trying to keep pace with his hosts, poor fellow!
  • They had a rough night last night.
  • All agreed they had a rough deal as their work often involved great pain.
  • Especially as he has been getting a rough deal from some sections of the crowd.
  • Don't get up if you're feeling rough - I'll bring you some breakfast in bed.
  • Liz said she was feeling pretty rough yesterday -- I don't think she'll come to work today.
  • A worn braid feels rough and is best cut away and the line joined by a blood knot.
  • The altitude had suddenly hit her and she was feeling rough.
  • The skin feels rough and dry like the bark of trees.
  • We say this as readily as we say that they taste sweet, feel rough, or look red.
  • It looks rough and unfinished: the corpses probably stir underground during the night.
  • Lightly trim the grass using a sharp mower if the surface is looking rough, but do not cut it short.
  • She did look ill, and Tippy looked rough at the best of times.
  • Here are my calculations. They're a little rough and ready as yet, but you'll get a general idea.
  • Justice was administered in a rough and ready fashion, without using courts or juries.
  • All have a kitchen with smoke-blackened stone walls and a rough and ready loo hut.
  • In a rough and ready way we can divide the ways in which a government controls and influences people into three.
  • It made the rough and ready assumption that the underlying cure of unemployment would be provided by Keynesian economics.
  • Only rough and ready figures are available because of problems of definition.
  • She could talk in quite rough and ready language if occasion demanded.
  • These can never be anything more than very rough and ready guidelines.
  • This is a rather rough and ready technique.
  • the rough justice of the Old West
  • But the appetite for rough justice which the gun-toting sheriff satisfied does not easily go away.
  • Exiled by Bolcarro to that judicial Siberia, Judge Lyttle applied his own rough justice.
  • For that he was put to death and there was, in one respect, a rough justice about it.
  • Here rappers become vigilantes or revolutionaries: machines for dispensing rough justice or revenge.
  • It seemed to her to be the nearest thing to rough justice that would ever present itself.
  • On the other hand this meted out only a very rough justice to owners.
  • Perhaps this was rough justice for my having ridden that one mile on the workmen's lorry on the sixth day.
  • So there was rough justice in the world.
PHRASES FROM OTHER ENTRIES
  • At the moment it looks more like a bit of rough pasture ... full of dandelions and clover patches.
  • But he can cut up rough and turn a bit nasty if he's got a mind to.
  • Even when they knew he was going through a bad patch they would continue to deliver dangerous back-passes to him.
  • Every team goes through a bad patch.
  • Evode has gone through a sticky patch.
  • Having hit a bad patch, financially, I decided I must try for some paid work with my knitting machine.
  • Ruefully, she recalled her pleasure at the way the book, after a difficult patch, had begun to develop.
  • Sometimes I am a real power pack of efficiency; then I hit a bad patch.
  • Talk about hitting a bad patch.
  • The Royal Family is certainly going through a rough patch.
  • Any member on a committee to which Karl Barth belonged had a rough ride.
  • But history says Bill Clinton may be in for a rough ride.
  • Even after the Renaissance and the rebirth of learning had reached these shores ears were still having a rough ride.
  • He cheered Tory backbenchers, but they predicted that the Chancellor could also face a rough ride unless the plan works.
  • Well, it's turned out not so badly, he thought, although it's been a rough ride.
  • A chap who had slept rough for more than 20 years was invited to offer ideas on how it should be run.
  • And he's often had to sleep rough.
  • As a result we have seen a sharp fall in the numbers who sleep rough on our streets.
  • How long he'd been sleeping rough no one could tell.
  • Many people in neighbouring buildings were also hurt as were a number of beggars sleeping rough on the pavement.
  • Now it's in urgent need of blankets to lend to those forced to sleep rough.
  • Others are left to wander or sleep rough.
  • She lost precious belongings in her days of sleeping rough.
Word family
WORD FAMILYnounroughthe roughroughageroughnessverbroughroughenadverbroughroughlyadjectiverough
1not smooth having an uneven surface OPP  smooth:  Her hands were rough from hard work. the rough terrain at the base of the mountains We were bumping over the rough ground.2not exact [usually before noun] not exact, not containing many details, or not in a final form SYN  approximate:  a rough sketch of the house a rough translation Could you give me a rough idea what time you’ll be home? a rough estimate of the cost First do a rough draft of your essay.3problems/difficulties a rough period is one in which you have a lot of problems or difficulties SYN  tough:  The first year was rough, but things have gotten better. Sounds like you had a rough day. We’ve been through some rough times together. My boyfriend and I were going through a rough patch. The bill is in for a rough ride in the Senate. It’s been rough going, but we’ve almost finished now.4not gentle using force, anger, or violence OPP  gentle:  Rugby is a very rough sport. Don’t be too rough – she’s only little. Paul gave her a rough shake. equipment capable of withstanding rough treatment The referee won’t allow any rough stuff (=violent behaviour).be rough on somebody (=treat someone unkindly or criticize them in an angry way) Don’t you think you were a little rough on her?► see thesaurus at violent5town/area etc a rough area is a place where there is a lot of violence or crime:  a rough part of town6weather/sea with strong wind or storms OPP  calm:  The ship went down in rough seas.7voice/sound a)not sounding soft or gentle, and often rather unpleasant or angry:  Barton’s deep, rough voice b)having an unpleasant sound, especially because there is something wrong with a machine:  The clutch sounds rough – better get it checked.8simple/not well made simple and often not very well made:  a rough wooden table9not comfortable uncomfortable, and with difficult conditions:  The journey was long and rough.10have rough edges (also be rough around the edges) a)to have some parts that are not as good as they should be, but that are not a serious problem:  The team has a few rough edges, but they’re winning more games. b)if a person is rough around the edges, they are not very polite, educated etc11rough night a night when you did not sleep well:  Mickey had a rough night last night.12a rough deal something that happens to you that is unfair or unpleasant:  He’s had a rough deal with his wife leaving him like that.13feel rough British English informal to feel ill14look rough British English informal to look untidy, dirty, or unhealthy:  After travelling for two days we must have looked pretty rough.15rough and ready not perfect, but good enough for a particular purpose:  The tests are only a rough and ready guide to a pupil’s future development.16rough justice punishment that is not decided in a court in the usual legal way, and that is often severe or unfair:  Gangs practise a kind of rough justice on their members.—roughness noun [uncountable] → rough diamond, rough paper, roughlyCOLLOCATIONS– Meaning 3nounsa rough day/week etc· He’s had a rough week at work.a rough time· My children had a rough time because they were different from the rest.a rough patch (=a difficult time that does not last long)· He was good at encouraging his team when it hit a rough patch.a rough ride (=a time when you are criticized, opposed etc)· She was given a rough ride by the press.· Though the president pushed the bill through the House of Representatives, it faces a rough ride in the Senate.rough going (=a difficult and unpleasant experience)· If there is a recession, next year will be very rough going.THESAURUSrough having a surface that is not flat or smooth: · rough ground· a rough mountain path· The walls were all rough.· Her hands were rough and work-hardened.uneven an uneven surface has areas that are not flat or not all at the same level: · The floor was uneven.· She climbed the uneven steps with great care.bumpy a bumpy road, path, or area of land has a lot of holes and raised parts in it: · the bumpy track down to the farm· The field was too bumpy to play football on.· a bumpy journey (=on a road that has a very rough surface)coarse having a rough surface that feels slightly hard – used especially about materials such as cloth or wool: · coarse woollen blankets· coarse grass· The wool felt rather coarse.rugged /ˈrʌɡəd/ land that is rugged is very rough and uneven and is often in a high place: · the rugged terrain near the mountainsCOLLOCATIONS CHECKrough ground/sea/stone/skinuneven surface/floor/pavementbumpy road/field/journeycoarse cloth/wool/paper/grassrugged terrain/mountain/landscape/coastline
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