单词	sham
释义	sham1 nounsham2 adjectivesham3 verb shamsham1 /ʃæm/ noun Word Origin WORD ORIGINsham Origin: 1600-1700 Perhaps from sham ‘shame’ (13-17 centuries), from shame Examples EXAMPLES FROM OTHER DICTIONARIES He was a sham and a liar. She believed Rodney's sudden change in attitude was only a sham. The competition has been exposed as a complete sham. The election was a sham. Officials intimidated peasants into voting for the government candidates, or simply stuffed the ballot boxes. These immigrants entered into sham marriages just to stay in the country. EXAMPLES FROM THE CORPUS I carry no brief for smoking, but that report was a sham. It all turned out to be sham and hypocrisy. It was an open secret that the marriage had become a complete sham, Watson. Our so-called democracy is a complete sham and an insult to the electorate. The shams and the profiteers would also be passed over. Thesaurus Longman Language Activatoran attempt to pretend that something is true► pretence British /pretense American an attempt to pretend that something is true, especially in order to deceive people: pretence of: · After my mother left, my father gave up even the pretense of caring for anyone besides himself.pretence that: · The worst thing about liberal academics is the pretence that they are somehow more open-minded than their opponents.on the pretence that/of (=pretending that it is the reason for what you are doing): · Wilson asked Carly out to dinner, on the pretence that he wanted to talk to her about business.· The first time she had called was on the pretense of finding out how Letia was. make a pretence of doing something (=pretend to do it): · Mr Tellwright made no pretence of concealing his satisfaction.keep up the pretence (=continue pretending): · After two weeks he could keep up the pretence no longer and decided to tell her the truth. ► charade a situation in which people pretend that something is true and behave as if it were true, especially when everyone really knows that it is not true: · The trial was just a charade -- the verdict had already been decided.· Simon told Susan that his marriage was a charade, continued only for the sake of the children. ► sham an attempt to deceive people by pretending that something is true, especially if it is easy for people to see that it is not true: · She believed Rodney's sudden change in attitude was only a sham.· The election was a sham. Officials intimidated peasants into voting for the government candidates, or simply stuffed the ballot boxes. ► front an organization or activity that seems to be legal and ordinary but which is secretly being used for an illegal purpose: · The club was just a front - Luchese's real business was drug smuggling and gun running. front for: · The charity has been accused of being a front for anti-government activity. 1[singular] someone or something that is not what they are claimed to be – used to show disapproval:  The elections were a complete sham.2[uncountable] literary when someone tries to make something or someone seem better than they really are:  It all turned out to be sham and hypocrisy.3[countable] a cover for a pillow, especially one used for decoration sham1 nounsham2 adjectivesham3 verb shamsham2 adjective [only before noun] Examples EXAMPLES FROM THE CORPUS Here we go, Mitchell thought, still smiling with sham crusading fellowship of the heaven-bound yet unable to speak. The suit said Streich Lang allowed Western to engage in sham real-estate deals that recorded bogus profits. made to appear real in order to deceive people SYN  false:  a sham marriage sham1 nounsham2 adjectivesham3 verb shamsham3 verb (past tense and past participle shammed, present participle shamming) [intransitive, transitive] especially British English old-fashioned Verb Table VERB TABLE sham Simple Form Present I, you, we, they sham he, she, it shams Past I, you, he, she, it, we, they shammed Present perfect I, you, we, they have shammed he, she, it has shammed Past perfect I, you, he, she, it, we, they had shammed Future I, you, he, she, it, we, they will sham Future perfect I, you, he, she, it, we, they will have shammed Continuous Form Present I am shamming he, she, it is shamming you, we, they are shamming Past I, he, she, it was shamming you, we, they were shamming Present perfect I, you, we, they have been shamming he, she, it has been shamming Past perfect I, you, he, she, it, we, they had been shamming Future I, you, he, she, it, we, they will be shamming Future perfect I, you, he, she, it, we, they will have been shamming Examples EXAMPLES FROM THE CORPUS And they delivered these fibs with such facility that it was clear that shamming to outsiders was the habit of centuries. But had he really been ill or had he been shamming, crafty sick to give himself extra time in Leeds? He put them on, and peered round the room, hunching his shoulders, shamming the old scholar. to pretend to be upset, ill etc to gain sympathy or an advantage SYN  feign:  She’s not ill, she’s only shamming.
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