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单词 shift
释义
shift1 verbshift2 noun
shiftshift1 /ʃɪft/ ●●○ S3 W3 AWL verb Entry menu
MENU FOR shiftshift1 move2 change attention3 change opinion4 shift the blame/responsibility (onto somebody)5 costs/spending6 dirt/marks7 in a car8 sell
Word Origin
WORD ORIGINshift1
Origin:
Old English sciftan ‘to divide, arrange’
Verb Table
VERB TABLE
shift
Simple Form
PresentI, you, we, theyshift
he, she, itshifts
PastI, you, he, she, it, we, theyshifted
Present perfectI, you, we, theyhave shifted
he, she, ithas shifted
Past perfectI, you, he, she, it, we, theyhad shifted
FutureI, you, he, she, it, we, theywill shift
Future perfectI, you, he, she, it, we, theywill have shifted
Continuous Form
PresentIam shifting
he, she, itis shifting
you, we, theyare shifting
PastI, he, she, itwas shifting
you, we, theywere shifting
Present perfectI, you, we, theyhave been shifting
he, she, ithas been shifting
Past perfectI, you, he, she, it, we, theyhad been shifting
FutureI, you, he, she, it, we, theywill be shifting
Future perfectI, you, he, she, it, we, theywill have been shifting
Examples
EXAMPLES FROM OTHER DICTIONARIES
  • shifting attitudes toward homosexuality
  • Blood stains are very difficult to shift.
  • Come on Des, give me a hand to shift these and then we can go home.
  • I've washed the tablecloth three times, but I can't seem to shift these stains.
  • Investors were shifting funds from U.S. to Asian stocks.
  • She shifted her gaze from me to Bobby with a look of suspicion.
  • Tell Alan to shift his feet so Maggie can sit down.
  • The building's foundation has shifted, which is why there are cracks in the plaster.
  • The leather armchair creaked as Roberts shifted his bulk.
  • The sofa is stuck in the doorway and I can't shift it.
  • The sun had shifted to the west.
  • There's no point trying to shift the car by ourselves -- we'll have to get a truck to pull us out.
  • There is a strong need to shift more resources toward health care.
  • When are you going to shift all this rubbish? It's making the place look a real mess.
EXAMPLES FROM THE CORPUS
  • But if the expected rate of inflation changes then the Phillips curve will shift.
  • However, the bullet in Rocio brain is moving, shifting.
  • It could also hurt the software industry, although companies working on the Internet Box say it would just shift software sales.
  • Notice also that the distribution is shifted to higher speeds at a higher temperature.
  • The planet as a whole will be moving with respect to the Earth, and this will shift all wavelengths in the pulse.
  • The text on the screen will shift to the left, some off the edge of the screen and out of view.
Thesaurus
Longman Language Activatorto blame someone else for something that is your fault
: shift the blame onto · You can't always shift the blame onto your secretary.shift the blame for · Lawyers for the doctor have tried to shift the blame for the child's death onto the parents.
informal to try to blame someone else for a problem at work that you are responsible for: · You were in charge of that project, so don't try to pass the buck.pass the buck to: · It was his mistake but he tried to pass the buck to another manager.
to move something from one place or position to another
to take something to a different place or change the position of something: · Will you move your car, please? It's blocking the road.· It took three men to move the piano.move something to/into something: · We'll have to move the table into the hall.
to move something and put it in a different place or container: · Transfer the mixture to a heavy cooking pan and add all remaining ingredients.transfer something (from something) to something: · Could I transfer $500 from my savings to my checking account?
British informal to move something from where it is: · When are you going to shift all this rubbish? It's making the place look a real mess.· Come on Des, give me a hand to shift these and then we can go home.
to move something quickly through the air with a long circular movement: · She swung the ax, hitting the log squarely in the middle.swing something back/over/across etc: · As you swing the golf club back, try to keep your eye on the ball.
to move something with a short, very sudden movement: jerk something away/towards/up etc: · Mark jerked the phone away from the girl.· Graham had to jerk the steering wheel to the left to avoid a crash.
to move
to go to a different place or to change the position of your body: · Every time I move I get a pain in my left shoulder.· Don't move, there's a spider on your back.move away/forward/towards etc: · Sarah moved away from the window.· My mother moved forward and grabbed my wrist.move around (=to different parts of an area): · I can hear someone moving around downstairs!
when someone or something moves: · Any movement will set off the alarm.· He watched her graceful movements as she came towards him.· The doctor thinks she'll recover quite a lot of movement, though maybe not all.movement of: · the movement of the human heartmovement towards/across/through etc: · Make gentle sweeping movements across the hedge so that the blade can cut on both sides.sudden movement: · I crept to the door, and with a sudden movement, opened it wide.
especially written to make a slight movement, for example just before you wake up or start to speak: · The sleeping child stirred and opened her eyes.· The crowd began to stir as the band walked on stage.
to make a movement, especially as you start to do something or try to do something: · "The dog won't touch you," she said , "unless you make a move towards me."· He made a move to kiss me, but I turned away.
to move to a different position in a bed, on a chair etc: · Move over a bit, I'm falling out of bed.· Penelope moved over and took the driver's seat.
British informal to move from one place or position to another, or to make something do this: · Jonas stood and listened, shifting uncomfortably from one foot to the other.· The sun had shifted to the west.· She shifted her gaze from me to Bobby with a look of suspicion.· The building's foundation has shifted, which is why there are cracks in the plaster.shift your legs/arm/foot etc: · Tell Alan to shift his feet so Maggie can sit down.· The leather armchair creaked as Roberts shifted his bulk.
to move something or someone that is difficult to move
· I tried to open the door, but I couldn't move it an inch.· The sculpture is heavy and very difficult to move.
British informal to move something, especially something large or heavy, from a position in which it is stuck: · The sofa is stuck in the doorway and I can't shift it.· There's no point trying to shift the car by ourselves -- we'll have to get a truck to pull us out.
to move something or someone from a position in which they are stuck or being held, especially with a sudden forceful movement: · We're going to need some rope to help free the girl.free somebody/something from something: · Kirk battled for eight hours to free himself from the wreckage.· Susan managed to free her right hand from her attacker with a violent twisting movement.struggle to free yourself: · The horse's eyes were filled with terror as it struggled to free itself from the deep, sucking mud.
to move something such as part of a machine from a position in which it is stuck or tightly fastened: · The bolts can only be released with a wrench.· Try to release the clamp gently.
to remove dirt from a piece of clothing or material
to remove a mark from a piece of clothing or material: get something out of something: · What can I use to get these wine stains our of the tablecloth?get something out: · It's a pity about the mark on your shirt. Dry cleaning will probably get it out.
British informal to remove a mark which is difficult to remove from a piece of clothing or material: · I've washed the tablecloth three times, but I can't seem to shift these stains.· Blood stains are very difficult to shift.
if dirt or a mark comes out , it is removed by washing or cleaning: · Use plenty of washing powder otherwise mud and grass stains won't come out.
if dirt or a mark washes out , it is removed by washing: · A lot of hair dyes are designed to wash out after three or four washes.
WORD SETS
ABS, nounacceleration, nounaccelerator, nounairbag, nounambulance, nounantifreeze, nounanti-lock braking system, nounaquaplane, verbarmoured car, nounarticulated, adjectiveauto, nounautomatic, nounautomatic transmission, nounautomobile, nounaxle, nounbackfire, verbback seat, nounbanger, nounbeater, nounbeep, verbbike, nounbiker, nounblind spot, nounblow, verbblowout, nounbody, nounbodywork, nounbonnet, nounbookmobile, nounboot, nounboot, verbbreakdown truck, nounbrights, nounbroadside, verbbulldozer, nounbumper, nounbumper sticker, nounbus, nounbus, verbbus pass, nounbus station, nouncab, nouncab rank, nouncabriolet, nouncabstand, nounCadillac, nouncar, nouncar alarm, nouncarburettor, nouncar park, nouncar pool, nouncarport, nouncarrier, nouncar wash, nounCaterpillar, nouncentral locking, nounchange, verbcharabanc, nounchoke, nounclamp, nounclunker, nouncoach station, nouncoachwork, nouncockpit, nouncompact, nouncompany car, nounconvertible, nouncorner, verbcoupé, nouncourtesy, adjectivecover note, nouncrack-up, nouncrankshaft, nouncrash helmet, nouncruise, verbcruise control, nouncruiser, nouncycle, noundashboard, noundefog, verbdefrost, verbdemist, verbdepot, noundesignated driver, noundiesel, noundiesel fuel, noundifferential gear, noundipstick, noundirt bike, noundirt track, noundisc brakes, noundisengage, verbdismount, verbdistributor, noundouble-decker, noundouble-park, verbdrag race, noundragster, noundrink-driving, noundrive, verbdrive, noundriver, noundriver's education, noundriver's license, noundrive shaft, noundrive-through, noundriving licence, noundriving school, noundriving test, noundrunk driving, noundump truck, noundune buggy, noundust cart, nounemergency brake, nounestate car, nounexcavator, nounexpress, nounfan belt, nounfare, nounfender, nounfender-bender, nounfiller cap, nounfilling station, nounfilter, nounfilter, verbfin, nounfire, verbfire engine, nounfirst gear, nounfishtail, verbflat, adjectiveflat, nounfloorboard, nounfog lamp, nounfour-star, nounfour-wheel drive, nounfreewheel, verbfuel injection, nounfull lock, noungarage, noungarage, verbgarbage truck, noungas-guzzler, noungasohol, noungasoline, noungas pedal, noungas station, noungear, noungearbox, noungear lever, noungear shift, noungear stick, nounglove compartment, noungo-cart, noungo-kart, noungreen light, noungrille, noungritter, nounguardrail, nounhack, nounhackney carriage, nounhandbrake, nounhandlebars, nounhatchback, nounhaulage, nounhazard lights, nounheadlamp, nounheadlight, nounheadroom, nounheap, nounhearse, nounheavy goods vehicle, nounHGV, nounhigh beams, nounhigh-octane, adjectiveHighway Code, nounhijacking, nounhit-and-run, adjectivehitchhike, verbhonk, nounhonk, verbhood, nounhoot, nounhoot, verbhopped-up, adjectivehorsebox, nounhorse trailer, nounhot rod, nounhot-wire, verbhubcap, nounhydroplane, verbignition, nounindicate, verbindicator, nouninner tube, nouninternal combustion engine, nounjack-knife, verbjalopy, nounJeep, nounjuggernaut, nounjump, verbjumper cables, nounjump leads, nounjump-start, verbkickstand, nounkick-start, verbkick-start, nounKlaxon, nounlead-free, adjectivelearner's permit, nounleft-hand drive, adjectivelicense plate, nounlight, nounlimo, nounlimousine, nounlocal, nounlock, verblock, nounlog book, nounlorry, nounlow gear, nounL-plate, nounmagneto, nounmanifold, nounmechanic, nounmeter maid, nounmileage, nounmileometer, nounmilk float, nounminibus, nounminicab, nounminivan, nounmisfire, verbmoped, nounMOT, nounmotocross, nounmotor, nounmotor, adjectivemotor, verbmotorbike, nounmotorcade, nounmotor car, nounmotorcycle, nounmotor home, nounmotoring, nounmotorist, nounmotorized, adjectivemotor pool, nounmotor racing, nounmotor scooter, nounmotor vehicle, nounmoving van, nounmpg, muffler, nounmulti-storey, nounnearside, adjectiveneutral, nounnumber plate, nounoctane, nounodometer, nounomnibus, nounoverdrive, nounovershoot, verbpanel, nounpanel truck, nounpantechnicon, nounpark, verbpark and ride, nounparking, nounparking brake, nounparking garage, nounparking light, nounparking lot, nounparking meter, nounparking ticket, nounpassenger seat, nounpatrol car, nounpatrolman, nounpedal, nounpenalty point, nounpetrol station, nounpick-up, nounpick-up truck, nounpillion, nounpiston ring, nounpit, nounplate, nounplug, nounpneumatic, adjectivepound, nounpower steering, nounprang, verbpremium, nounprovisional licence, nounpush-start, verbrace, verbrace car, nounracing car, nounradar trap, nounradial tyre, nounradiator, nounrank, nounrearview mirror, nounrefuel, verbreg., registration, nounregistration number, nounregular, nounremould, nounremoval van, nounrespray, verbrestraint, nounretread, nounrev, verbreverse, verbreverse, nounreverse gear, nounreversing light, nounride, nounrig, nounright-hand drive, adjectiveroad hog, nounroad rage, nounroad test, nounroadworthy, adjectiveRolls-Royce, nounroof-rack, nounrun, verbrun, nounrunabout, nounRV, nounsaloon, nounsalt truck, nounscooter, nounseat belt, nounsedan, nounself-drive, adjectiveshaft, nounshift, verbshock absorber, nounsidecar, nounsidelight, nounsideswipe, verbsilencer, nounsill, nounslick, nounslipstream, nounsnarl, verbsnarl-up, nounsnow chains, nounsnowmobile, nounsnow plough, nounsnow tire, nounsouped-up, adjectivespare, nounspare tyre, nounsparking plug, nounspark plug, nounspeedometer, nounspeed trap, nounspeedway, nounsplash guard, nounspoiler, nounsports car, nounstall, nounstart, verbstarter, nounstarter motor, nounstation wagon, nounsteamroller, nounsteering, nounstick, nounstick shift, nounstretch limo, nounsump, nounsunroof, nounsupercharged, adjectivesuspension, nountachograph, nountachometer, nountailback, nountailboard, nountailgate, nountailgate, verbtail light, nountailpipe, nountax disc, nountaxi, nountaxicab, nounteamster, nountest certificate, nountest drive, nounthree-point turn, nounthree-wheeler, nounthrottle, nounthrust, nounticket, nountie-up, nountotal, verbtowbar, nountowline, nountowtruck, nountractor, nountraffic jam, nountransmission, nountransporter, nountread, nountrolley, nountrolleybus, nountrucker, nountrucking, nountrunk, nountune, verbtune-up, nounturbocharger, nounturning circle, nounturn signal, nountwo-stroke, adjectiveunleaded, adjectivevalet, nounvalet, verbvan, nounvanity plate, nounveteran car, nounvintage car, nounvisor, nounwheelbase, nounwheel clamp, nounwhiplash, nounwhitewall, nounwindscreen, nounwindscreen wiper, nounwindshield wiper, nounwing, nounwing mirror, nounwiper, nounwreck, nounwrecker, nounwrite-off, noun
Collocations
COLLOCATIONS FROM THE ENTRY
 In this stage of a rape case, the focus often shifts onto the victim and her conduct.
American English (=change what you are doing) It’s hard to shift gear when you come home after a busy day at work.
 He refused to shift his ground (=change his opinion).
 a new washing powder that will shift any stain
COLLOCATIONS FROM OTHER ENTRIES
(=changing frequently)· the shifting alliances in the Middle East
· Will this alter the balance of power in the EU?· His appointment shifted the government’s balance decisively to the right.
(=blame someone else for something you did)· She always tried to shift the blame onto her brother.
(=change who carries it)· The tax shifts the burden towards the rich.
(=change in the way people think or do something)· This announcement signalled a dramatic shift in the government’s policy.
(=change the emphasis to something else)· With drug addicts, we need to shift the emphasis from punishment to treatment.
(=changes)· The emphasis is now shifting away from oil towards renewable sources of energy.
(=move it to something else)· Opposition MPs accused the prime minister of trying to shift the focus onto other issues.
· The focus of the negotiations shifted to working conditions.
· Over the years, there has been a change of focus from treatment to prevention.
· His gaze travelled over the still water to the other side of the lake.
(=a small change)· The shift in policy placed more emphasis on teachers' assessments of students' progress.
· He shifted his position to get a better view of the stage.
COLLOCATIONS FROM THE CORPUSADVERB
· My feelings about my childhood shift around all the time.· The lights dimmed, and we all got comfortable, shifting around on our hotel chairs.· They shifted around a lot, too, as the city was rebuilt.· There was nothing worse than a half-packed suitcase; even if tied in, the clothes all shifted around.· Incidentally, both necks can be shifted around in their sockets by applying pressure from the side.· The L curve is thus likely to shift around and be hard to predict.· They keep shifting around and getting moved on and everyone acts like they're a general nuisance.
· And then the news focus shifted away.· My eyes shifted away from his groin, then back.· For power has been shifted away from us.· Last year, the president shifted away from big-government themes and made tax-cutting his centerpiece.· The shrine and the whole house shook and the ground beneath it seemed to be shifting away as though in an earthquake.· In light of these difficulties, attention has now shifted away from the membrane and toward the proteins embedded in the membrane.· Although illegal-immigration patterns have shifted away from Nogales due to a buildup of federal forces, the area swims in violence.
· She shifted uncomfortably on the ground.· The men at the counter shifted uncomfortably.· The Hearthwares shifted uncomfortably as the water ran down inside their armour, and fumbled oilskin cloaks from their saddle bows.· Pat shifted uncomfortably in her seat.· Ruth shifted uncomfortably in her azure crêpe de Chine cocktail dress.· Jess shifts uncomfortably in her chair.· Paul shifted uncomfortably in his seat.· Yet even as those words appeared in the local newspaper, county authorities were shifting uncomfortably in their chairs.
· Joshua shifted uneasily in his seat and wished they would hurry up.· He looked at Green and Boyd, who shifted uneasily in their chairs.· Edgar Allan Poe shifted uneasily in the darkness.· The raft shifted uneasily on the sea, the bamboo stiffeners in the sails clattering on the masts.· Poor sullen-faced campesinos shifting uneasily on their seats.· The movie shifts uneasily when Becker tries to wrap everything up neatly.· The eyes of those in the room shifted uneasily from father to son.· Lydia shifted uneasily in her chair.
NOUN
· I believe that the focus of attention is shifting from curriculum content to how best to teach science.· But as they developed more capacity to deliver services, their attention shifted.· So, in early 1955 attention shifted back to the economic field.· Our attention now shifted to the planes overhead.· Hence attention soon shifted to caesium-134 and-137, the latter with a half-life of 30 years.· In Edinburgh Haynes's time was running out, and his attention shifting elsewhere.· After a healthy buffet lunch, attention will shift to skincare, style and make-up.
· At any number of points events could have developed in dramatically different ways if the balance of power had shifted only slightly.· But as they acquired managerial competence, the balance began to shift.· Although the balance of power is shifting against the commission, in absolute terms it will gain power.· Also, the pressure on interest rates has been down and the balance of trade has shifted into surplus.· As interest rates go up, the balance of advantage shifts towards holding financial assets which earn these higher interest rates.· From the 1970s, the balance shifted.· The fulcrum of this balance has shifted.· Between 1982 and 1988, the balance of agency provision shifted markedly as did the nature of that provision.
· Time after time, ministers have tried to shift the blame for rising unemployment to the down-turn in the world economy.· By shifting blame to their consumers, these industries have deftly evaded financial accountability for unsafe products and irresponsible marketing.· A third means of avoiding responsibility consists of shifting the blame to even higher officials.· He had to shift the blame, find a sacrificial victim.· Her comments on Radio Derby came as Tories tried to shift the blame for Britain's economic ills elsewhere.· Leaving the abusive marriage, or divorcing him, will be branded desertion or a sin, shifting the blame to her.· It shifts the blame to belief.· This strategy in effect shifts blame from the affluent and powerful to the poor and powerless.
· If this achieves nothing else at least it helps shift the burden of guilt.· Recent California proposals attempt to shift the burden to parents to prove their fitness.· Training will be a real partnership between government and industry, not an excuse to shift all the burden on to employers.· To shift that burden to schools is a mistake, even a dereliction.· It is predicted that these changes will result in significance shifts in the rating burden.· To neglect maintenance, however, is only to shift the burden from one part of the household budget to another.· The changes are intended to shift the burden from tax payer to polluter.· The tax will shift the burden of local taxation between different households and different income groups.
· By the time he'd finished shifting the chairs, he was wearing grey gloves and a wig.· He looked at Green and Boyd, who shifted uneasily in their chairs.· De Craon shifted in his chair uneasily.· The early-afternoon sun poured in on the Judge, who had shifted in the chair.· Peter was obviously nervous and spoke fast and loudly, shifting about in his chair.· I shifted in my chair, hoping to make eye contact, but the face was gone.· He shifted in his chair, biting his lip.· Scott looked around my office and shifted nervously in his chair.
· But if the expected rate of inflation changes then the Phillips curve will shift.· As more firms enter an industry, the supply curve will shift to the right.· Unfortunately, the demand curve may shift unpredictably, making control very difficult.· This means that as firms leave an industry. the supply curve will shift to the left.· The investment curve will shift to I 3 and the level of investment will actually fall to Q3.· This final category, in which both the supply and demand curves shift to the right, is represented in Figure 3.· If the demand curve shifts very much, and if it is inelastic, then monetary control will be very difficult.· A change in supply is involved when the entire supply curve shifts.
· Unfortunately, the demand curve may shift unpredictably, making control very difficult.· An unfavorable change in consumer preferences will cause demand to decrease, shifting the curve to the left.· If the demand curve shifts very much, and if it is inelastic, then monetary control will be very difficult.· This final category, in which both the supply and demand curves shift to the right, is represented in Figure 3.· The second influence represents relative demand shifts between markets.· Consumer taste and demand may shift.· What might cause the demand curve to shift?· Wages and membership will be sticky in response to iso-elastic demand shifts, while employment bears the brunt of the adjustment.18 5.3.
· Such an emphasis shifts the focus away from modifying or repackaging the individual on to a concern to minimise the restrictiveness of opportunities.· But emphasis has now shifted from liberty to order.· The emphasis shifted gradually back to reform.· After June 19 emphasis shifted from the streets to a negotiating track.· The emphasis had shifted radically from the child-centred approach of 1948 to the Seebohm concern for family and community.· Now the emphasis has shifted to efforts to help them spend more.· In 12 months time, however, the emphasis shifts to deficit reduction.· This is because the emphasis has shifted from idealised language data to an examination of language-in-use.
· The focus of the drama shifts to discovering the dangers, and weighing up pros and cons of using the magic carpet.· Now, the focus is shifting to washes, the dry stream beds that carry water only after a heavy rain.· The focus of beauty gradually shifts from the physical body to the inner nature.· With the Depression of the 1930s, the main focus of financial management shifted to the defensive aspects of business survival.· In the fourth sentence, the focus suddenly shifts to talking about creators in general and how they realize their dreams.· The focus of resistance now shifted to the countryside.· I believe that the focus of attention is shifting from curriculum content to how best to teach science.· The focus is shifted momentarily from the crew to whales as Ishmael describes the various types.
· She felt a giddy sensation of ground shifting under her feet.· He shifted nervously from foot to foot.· The others are in various states of distraction: Eddie is shifting from foot to foot.· Soft ground, trodden flat by uneasy, shifting feet not so many hours ago.· He shifted from one foot to the other as he waited for the door to be answered.· When he reached the stone he stood looking at it, shifting it with his foot.· Belinda shifted her sandalled feet nervously, wondering suddenly if Deana had decided to hang around until the mythical sailor showed up.
· I just keep it spinning until it gets to a point where it's not making more power and then shift gears.· Ever since, though, the work on her characters' background has shifted into high gear and stayed there.· There's good torque for clean response and brisk pick-up after shifting gear, but high-end engine output is nothing startling.· In the next few years the Supreme Court may shift gears or even reverse course.· It'd take all of you to shift the gear lever.· Legal troubles are piling up for President and Mrs Clinton just as his campaign for re-election is shifting into full gear.· Engines with good torque back-up handle a wide load changes without the need to shift gear.· She shifts into high gear and gets out of the house, down the hill and over to Starbucks in record time.
· She felt a giddy sensation of ground shifting under her feet.· The ground shifted two decades ago when the information age arrived, and intelligence became the chief asset of corporations.· Her shoulder protested at the hardness of the ground, and she shifted, trying to ease it.· He has continued to cling to the middle ground, but that ground has been shifting.· The ground can shift beneath your feet without warning, especially in a place as fluidly unpredictable as the Sierra Leonean bush.
· She shifted her position and adjusted the fine wool of her skirt over her bony knees.· To achieve electoral success, pragmatic parties might shift their position or expand the range of viewpoints they encompass.· She felt very tired and as she shifted position she detected an ache in her left hip.· Congressman Ashley from Toledo, Ohio, originally opposed including the counties but eventually shifted his position to get the bill passed.· Obtain as much information as you can about his argument, his willingness to shift from the present position.· There is a vast continuum between bureaucratic behavior and entrepreneurial behavior, and government can surely shift its position on that spectrum.· There was some shifting of positions.
· The reason was that none of these reforms shifted the balance of power within the social structure of the village.· That decision shifted the balance of power away from Wall Street specialists.· This shifts the balance of power towards leasing companies and vehicle hire groups.· They have be-come a standard instrument of government that shifts the power to make policy directly to the voters.· Finally, the reforms aimed to shift the balance of power in determining use of resources from hospital doctors to general practitioners.· The treaty would have shifted power from the central government to the nine republics that had agreed to sign it.· The fact that a majority did vote for them has shifted the balance of power back towards the reformers.· Most of the changes suggested so far would shift some of those powers to parliament.
· No one can shift responsibility on to others or trade off their resources.· Penney also shifted the responsibilities and titles of several other executives in different regions.· But the move to shift legal responsibility for correct labelling on to the shopkeeper has shocked trade organisations.· That has been changing, with contracts shifting a growing responsibility for premiums and / or costs to workers.· Regretfully traditional inspection often shifts the focus of responsibility for the quality of performance away from the person carrying out the work.
· About four years ago, Mr Rafsanjani shifted to the right, voicing the reformist policies that the post-war era craved.· For example, a rise in national income will cause L 1 to increase, and thus L will shift to the right.· The sales constraint on firms will progressively diminish and the function will shift to the right.· The marginal physical product of labour curve shifts to the right.· As a result, the equilibrium shown above shifts to the right.· Its centre of gravity had shifted markedly to the right.
· Joshua shifted uneasily in his seat and wished they would hurry up.· The audience was silent, shifting in their seats, looking at their shoes.· Miguel opened his eyes and shifted in his seat.· There was much nervous shifting in seats.· Poor sullen-faced campesinos shifting uneasily on their seats.· Pat shifted uncomfortably in her seat.· He shifted in his seat a bit.· He shifted in his seat, half at his ease, and lit a cigar.
· He shifted his weight so that his body brushed lightly against hers.· One hip shifted her weight to that side, and suddenly every angle softly flowed into another.· You can make the bike move up to 1.5 metres in a corner just by shifting your weight.· He was frantically shifting his weight from side to side.· The blonde student woke early in Devon, and shifted under the sleeping weight of his arm.· However divorce is as effective as dieting for shifting stubborn weight!· It crunched under her boots as she shifted her weight.
VERB
· At their feet the edge of the net began to shift off the deck.· Within months, immigrants and their smuggler guides began shifting their routes east, into the mountains near Tecate.· But as they acquired managerial competence, the balance began to shift.· Then he began to shift the first screen and leaned it against an adjoining stretch of wall.· In-house information technology people began to shift from building customized applications to helping their companies choose wisely among open systems vendors.· They began to shift and move away.· Prosecutors said the Freemans panicked and began shifting millions of dollars in investors' money from bank to bank.
· Still, this ploy of trying to shift people with sounds is clearly catching on.· Wilson will try again to shift more trial-court funding to the state, easing a little of the burden on counties.· You don't know how many coffin nails nor what weight of earth you're trying to shift.· Now the question before you and Tom is whether he should continue to try or should he shift roles?· So what are we to do? Try once more to shift a paradigm?· Time after time, ministers have tried to shift the blame for rising unemployment to the down-turn in the world economy.· They realised that dragging Ollie le Roux was like trying to shift a house.
Phrases
PHRASES FROM THE ENTRY
  • A third means of avoiding responsibility consists of shifting the blame to even higher officials.
  • He had to shift the blame, find a sacrificial victim.
  • Her comments on Radio Derby came as Tories tried to shift the blame for Britain's economic ills elsewhere.
  • In other words that they were shifting the blame.
  • It shifts the blame to belief.
  • Leaving the abusive marriage, or divorcing him, will be branded desertion or a sin, shifting the blame to her.
  • Penney also shifted the responsibilities and titles of several other executives in different regions.
  • Time after time, ministers have tried to shift the blame for rising unemployment to the down-turn in the world economy.
PHRASES FROM OTHER ENTRIES► shift/move your arse
  • It has been subtly shifting the goalposts of what can be done in and through art.
  • The answer to failure and sin is not to move the goalposts but to repent and try again.
1move a)[intransitive, transitive] to move from one place or position to another, or make something do this:  Joe listened, shifting uncomfortably from one foot to another. She shifted her gaze from me to Bobby. b)[transitive] British English informal to move something, especially by picking it up and carrying it:  Give me a hand to shift these chairs.2change attention [transitive] to change a situation, discussion etc by giving special attention to one idea or subject instead of to a previous oneshift something away/onto/from etc The White House hopes to shift the media’s attention away from foreign policy issues.attention/emphasis/focus shifts In this stage of a rape case, the focus often shifts onto the victim and her conduct.shift gear American English (=change what you are doing) It’s hard to shift gear when you come home after a busy day at work.3change opinion [intransitive, transitive] if someone’s opinions, beliefs etc shift, they change:  Public opinion was beginning to shift to the right (=become more right-wing). shifting attitudes towards marriage He refused to shift his ground (=change his opinion).4shift the blame/responsibility (onto somebody) to make someone else responsible for something, especially for something bad that has happened:  It was a clear attempt to shift the responsibility for the crime onto the victim.5costs/spending [transitive always + adverb/preposition] to change the way that money is paid or spent SYN  direct:  the need to shift more resources towards reducing poverty6dirt/marks [transitive] British English to remove dirt or marks from a surface or piece of clothing:  a new washing powder that will shift any stain7in a car [intransitive, transitive] especially American English to change the gears when you are driving SYN change British English:  I shifted into second gear.8sell [transitive] British English informal to sell a product, especially a lot of it:  The store shifted over 1,000 copies of the book last week.
shift1 verbshift2 noun
shiftshift2 ●●○ AWL noun [countable] Examples
EXAMPLES FROM OTHER DICTIONARIES
  • He is very worried about the shift towards free market thinking in Eastern Europe.
  • The new emphasis on human rights was a shift away from the policies of Nixon.
  • There has been a big shift in attitudes towards sex during the past 50 years.
  • We've seen a marked shift in our approach to the social issues.
EXAMPLES FROM THE CORPUS
  • At Ellesmere Port a foreman and seven fitters run a 24 hour operation in two main shifts.
  • But what kind of shift is involved?
  • It required six technicians to operate it on each shift.
  • Members of all three shifts were milling about the circular room: repeating rumours, distorting facts and generally hyping themselves up.
  • The circuit of a 2-bit shift register is shown in Fig. 18.
  • The great shift toward less fatty beef and more chicken is a great, heart-healthy move.
  • With the end of the medieval period, however, a gradual shift in viewpoint took place.
Thesaurus
THESAURUS
noun [countable, uncountable] a situation in which someone or something becomes different, or the act of making something different: · There was a sudden change in the weather.· We are living in a period of great change.· He was told to make some slight changes to his essay.
noun [countable, uncountable] a change, especially a small one that happens naturally or gradually, or one that is made in order to improve something: · I noticed a slight alteration in her behaviour.· They had to make some alterations to their original theory.
noun [countable, uncountable] a change made to a system or law in order to improve it: · He called for a reform of our outdated voting system.· Many people opposed the economic reforms.
noun [countable] a change, especially in people’s attitudes or in the way they do things, or in the position of someone or something: · a shift in public opinion about the war· There has been a noticeable shift in government policy on education.· There needs to be a major shift away from road transport to rail transport.· After he died, there was a dramatic shift in the balance of power.
a big change, especially in someone’s opinions or moods: · There has been a big swing toward the Democrats (=many more people are supporting them).· The drug can cause mood swings.
noun [countable, uncountable] a change in something – used when something changes often: · fluctuations in the value of the dollar· temperature fluctuations· fluctuations in his mood· There has been some fluctuation in productivity levels.
Longman Language Activatora gradual change from one thing to another
the process of change, especially gradual change, from one state or situation to another: transition from something to something: · The transition from a communist system to a free market economy will be difficult.transition to: · It's difficult for someone who's been a stage actor to make the transition to television.make a transition: · a scheme to help families making the transition from welfare to workbe in transition (=be changing at the moment): · The textile industry is currently in transition.transition period: · The new system will be introduced gradually over a six month transition period.
a gradual but important change in the way people think about something: shift in attitude/approach/policy etc: · There has been a big shift in attitudes towards sex during the past 50 years.marked shift (=a very clear shift): · We've seen a marked shift in our approach to the social issues.shift away from: · The new emphasis on human rights was a shift away from the policies of Nixon.shift towards: · He is very worried about the shift towards free market thinking in Eastern Europe.
a general change in the way people think or behave, especially one that is happening at the moment: · If present trends continue, the earth will be considerably warmer in fifty years.· Our managers are very alert to new trends in the industry.trend towards: · There is a growing trend towards payment by credit card.· The current trend in this area is towards part-time employment.
the gradual change of a country or society towards something different: move towards/to: · There is a move towards greater equality for women in the workplace.· Planners hope to encourage the move towards increased use of public transport.· The United Nations was supposed to supervise the move to independence.move away from: · Public sector unions are likely to oppose Blair's move away from government investment in health and transport.
a gradual change, especially a political or social change, in which a lot of people are involved: movement towards: · There is a gradual movement towards tolerance and understanding.· The modern age of movement towards democracy began with the French Revolution in 1789.
WORD SETS
access, verbaccess point, nounaccess time, nounaccounting system, accumulator, nounadd-on, nounADSL, nounaffective computing, nounAI, nounALGOL, nounalias, nounANSI, anti-spam, adjectiveanti-virus, adjectiveanti-virus software, nounAPL, nounapp, nounApple, Apple Macintosh, applet, nounapplication, nounapplication software, nounarcade game, nounarchitecture, nounarchive, nounarchive, verbarray, nounartificial intelligence, nounASCII, nounASIC, nounASP, nounassembly language, nounasynchronous, adjectiveAT&T, attachment, nounaudit trail, nounautomate, verbautomated, adjectiveautomation, nounavatar, nounB2B exchange, nounB2C, adjectiveB2E, adjectiveBabbage, Charles, backslash, nounbackspace, nounbackup, nounback-up copy, bandwidth, nounbar code, nounBASIC, nounbatch, nounbatch processing, nounbaud rate, nounBerners-Lee, Tim, bespoke, adjectivebeta test, nounBig Blue, bioinformatics, nounbiometric, adjectivebit, nounbitmap, nounBlackBerry, nounbloatware, nounblog, nounBluetooth, nounBMP, nounbond certificate, book entry, bookmark, nounbookmark, verbbook of final entry, nounbook of first entry, nounBoolean, adjectiveboot, verbbootable, adjectivebootstrapping, nounbot, nounbotnet, nounbps, brain dump, nounbroadband, nounbrown goods, nounbrowse, verbbrowser, nounbubble jet printer, nounbuddy list, nounbuffer, nounbuffer, verbbug, nounbulletin board, nounbundle, nounbundle, verbburn, verbbus, nounbusiness continuity services, nounbusiness continuity services, button, nounbyte, nounCabinet Office Briefing Rooms, cable modem, nouncache, nouncache, verbCAD, nounCAD/CAM, nounCAL, nounCalifornia, nounCALL, nounCAM, nounCambridge, Capita, caps lock, nouncapture, verbcapture, nouncard, nouncathode ray tube, nounCAT scan, nounCBT, nounCD-R, nounCD-ROM, nounCD-ROM drive, CDRW, nounCD-RW, nouncentral processing unit, nouncentral processor, nounCGI, nounCHAPS, character, nounchat room, nouncheat, nouncheckbox, nounchip, nounchip card, CIM, CIO, clerical assistant, click, verbclickable, adjectiveclient, nounclient machine, client-server, adjectiveclient/server architecture, clip art, nounclipboard, nouncloaking, nounclock cycle, nounclock speed, nounclone, nouncluster, nounCOBOL, nouncode, nouncoder, nouncom, Comdex, nouncommand, nouncomm port, comms, nouncompact disc, nounCompaq, compatibility, nouncompatible, adjectivecompatible, nouncompile, verbcompiler, nouncompress, verbcomputer, nouncomputer (industry) analyst, computer-aided, adjectivecomputer-aided design, nouncomputer-aided manufacture, computer-aided manufacturing, nouncomputer-assisted, adjectivecomputerate, adjectivecomputer-based training, computer-generated, adjectivecomputer-integrated manufacture, computerize, verbcomputer-literate, adjectivecomputer modelling, nouncomputer science, nouncomputer system, computer virus, nouncomputing, nounconcordance, nounconfiguration, nounconfigure, verbconnect, verbconnectivity, nounconsole, nouncontrol, nouncontrol key, nouncookie, nouncoordinate, nounCorel, corrupt, verbcounter, nouncourseware, nounCPU, nouncrack, verbcrack, nouncracker, nouncrash, verbcrash, nounCroft, Lara, cross-platform, adjectivecross-posting, nounCtrl, nouncursor, nouncut, verbcutover, nouncyber-, prefixcybercrime, nouncybernetics, nouncyberpunk, nouncybersickness, nouncyberspace, nouncyberterrorist, nouncyberwidow, noundata, noundata bank, noundatabase, noundatabase management, database management system, data capture, noundata centre, data dictionary, noundata encryption standard, noundata file, data interchange format file, data mining, noundata processing, noundata protection, Data Protection Act, the, Dateline, daytrader, nounday trading, nounDBMS, debug, verbdecision support system, decode, verbdecompress, verbdecrypt, verbdefault, noundefragment, verbDel, noundelete, verbdeletion, noundeliverable, noundematerialize, verbdemo, verbdemonstration version, denial of service attack, noundeselect, verbdesktop, noundesktop computer, noundesktop publishing, noundestination site, dialogue box, noundial-up, adjectivedigerati, noundigicam, noundigital nervous system, digital rights management, digital wallet, nounDilbert, direct access, noundirectory, noundisaster recovery, noundisc, noundisinfect, verbdisk, noundisk drive, noundiskette, noundisk operating system, display, noundisplay, verbdistributed processing, Dixons, dock, noundock, verbdocking station, noundocument, noundocument sharing, noundongle, nounDOS, noundot-matrix printer, noundouble click, verbdouble-click, verbdouble density, adjectivedown, adverbdownload, verbdownload, noundownloadable, adjectivedowntime, noundown time, downwardly compatible, adjectiveDP, noundrag, verbdrive, noun-driven, suffixdriver, noundropdown, noundrop down, noundrop-down menu, nounDTP, noundumb terminal, dump, verbdump, nounDVD, nounDVD-ROM, nounEasdaq, noune-book, noune-business, nounECN, noune-commerce, nouneditor, nounedutainment, noune-fatigue, nounE-FIT, nounEFTPOS, nounelectronic, adjectiveelectronic bill of lading, electronic cottage, nounelectronic data interchange, nounelectronic funds transfer, nounelectronic invoice, electronic mail, nounelectronic media, electronic publishing, nounelectronics, nounelectrosmog, nounEllison, Larry, email, nounemail account, embed, verbencrypt, verbend-to-end, adjectiveenter, verbenterprise application integration, nounentry, nounEPROM, noune-publishing, nounequipment leasing, erase, verbErnie, error, nounerror message, nounescape key, Ethernet, noune-ticket, nounE-ticket, nounexecutable, nounexecute, verbexecution, nounexit, verbexpansion card, nounexpansion slot, nounexpert system, nounexport, verbextension, nounextranet, nouneye scan, nounF2F, adjectivefabricator, nounfactory preset, nounfatware, nounfeed, verbfeed, nounfield, nounfifth generation computer, file, nounfile manager, nounfilename, nounfile sharing, nounfile transfer, filing system, filter, nounfirewall, nounfirmware, nounfirst generation, nounfirst in, first out, nounfirst-person shooter, nounfive nines, nounfixed wireless, nounflash, verbflash, nounflash drive, nounflash memory, nounflatscreen, adjectiveflat screen, flip chip, nounfloor broker, floppy disk, nounfly-by-wire, nounfolder, nounfont, nounfooter, nounfootprint, nounforklift upgrade, nounformat, verbFortran, nounforum, noun404, adjectivefreeware, nounftp, nounfunction, nounfunctionality, nounfunction key, nounfungible, adjectivefuzzy logic, nounGame Boy, gameplay, noungamer, noungaming, noungarbage in, garbage out, Gates, Bill, gateway, nounghost, nounGIF, noungigabit, noungigabyte, nounGIGO, GIS, nounGlitter, Gary, global, adjectiveGLOBEX, nounGMS, nounGoogle, gopher, noungraphical, adjectivegraphical user interface, noungraphics, noungraphics card, noungraphic software, grid computing, noungroupware, nounGUI, nounhack, verbhack, nounhacker, nounhacktivist, nounhandshake, nounhard copy, nounhard disk, nounhard drive, nounhardware, nounhard-wired, adjectiveHawk, Tony, Hawking, Stephen, head, nounheader, nounhelp, nounhelp desk, nounhelp menu, help screen, nounHewlett Packard, hexadecimal, adjectivehigh-definition, adjectivehigh-level, adjectivehigh-level language, highlight, verbhome computer, home office, nounhome shopping, hookup, nounhook-up, nounhost computer, hot key, nounhot link, nounhot spot, nounHTML, nounhttp, hyperlink, nounhypertext, nounIBM, icon, nounICT, nounidentifier, nouniMac, nounimport, verbinbox, nounincremental backup, nounincubator space, industrial design, infect, verbinfected, adjectiveinformation exchange, information retrieval, nouninformation system, information technology, nouninfowar, nouninitialize, verbinkjet printer, nouninput, nouninput, verbinput/output, adjectiveinstall, verbinstaller, nounInstinet, Intel, intelligent terminal, interactive, adjectiveinteractive whiteboard, nouninterface, nouninterface, verbInternational Securities Exchange, nounInternet cafe, nounInternet Service Provider, interpreter, nounintranet, nouninvoke, verbIP address, nouniPod, nouniris scan, nounISDN, nounISP, nounIT, nouniterate, verbiTunes, iTV, nounJava, nounjob, nounjob bank, Jobs, Steve, joystick, nounJPEG, nounK, KB, keno, nounkey, nounkeyboard, nounkeyboard, verbkeyboarder, nounkeypad, nounkeystroke, nounkeyword, nounkilobyte, nounkit, nounkludge, nounknowledge base, Kraftwerk, LAN, nounlanguage, nounlaptop, nounlaser disk, nounlaser printer, nounlaunch, verbLCD, nounlight industry, nounlight pen, nounline printer, nounlink, verbLinux, nounLISP, nounlisting paper, listserv, nounload, verblocal area network, nounlog file, LOGO, nounloop, nounlow-level, adjectiveMac, nounmachine, nounmachine code, nounmachine language, machine-readable, adjectiveMacintosh, nounmacro, nounmagnetic disk, nounmagnetic media, nounmagnetic tape, nounmail, nounmail, verbmailbomb, nounmailbox, nounmailing list, nounmail merge, nounmainframe, nounmainframe computer, main memory, manual, adjectivemaximize, verbmegabyte, nounmemory, nounmemory address, memory bank, nounmemory card, nounmemory hog, nounMemory Stick, nounmenu, nounmessage, nounmetadata, nounmicro, nounmicrochip, nounmicrocomputer, nounmicroelectronics, nounmicroprocessor, nounMicrosoft, MIDI, nounmigrate, verbmigration, nounMillennium bug, minicomputer, nounminimize, verbmips, mission-critical, adjectiveMIT, mixer, nounmodel, nounmodel, verbmodelling, nounmodem, nounmodule, nounmonitor, nounMoore, Gordon, Moore's Law, nounmorphing, nounmotherboard, nounMotorola, mouse, nounmouse mat, nounmouse miles, nounmouse potato, nounMP3 player, nounMP4 player, nounMPEG, nounMSC, nounMS-DOS, multimedia, adjectivemulti-player gaming, nounmultiple applications, multiplexer, nounmultitasking, nounnagware, nounNasdaq, nounNASDAQ, Naseem, Prince, National Market System, nounNEC, nerd, nounnest, verbNetscape Navigator, network, nounnetwork, verbneural computer, nounneural network, nounneuroinformatics, nounnewbie, nounnew economy, nounNintendo, node, nounnoise, nounnotebook, nounnumber-cruncher, nounnumber crunching, nounobject, nounobject language, object-oriented, adjectiveOCR, nounOfex, nounoffice machinery, offline, adverboff-line, adjectiveonline, adjectiveonline catalogue, online updating, nounon-screen, adjectiveopen, verbOpen Group, the, open outcry, nounopen system, nounoperating system, nounoperation, nounoptical character recognition, nounoptical fibre, nounoption, nounorder, nounorganizing business, OSI, nounoutbox, nounoutput, nounoutput, verbover-the-counter dealing, over-the-counter market, over-the-counter share, over-the-counter stock, over-the-counter trading, overwrite, verbP2P, adjectivepackage, nounpacket, nounpacket-switching, nounpage, nounpage break, nounpalette, nounpalm phone, nounpalmtop, nounpaperless, adjectiveparallel data query, parallel port, parallel processing, nounPASCAL, nounpass-along, adjectivepassword, nounpaste, verbpasting, nounpatch, nounpause, verbPC, nounPC Card, nounPDA, nounPDF, nounPDF file, pen drive, nounPentium, peripheral, adjectiveperipheral, nounpersonal communicator, nounpersonal computer, nounpersonal electronic device, nounpersonal organizer, nounpetaflop, nounphishing, nounping, verbpiracy, nounpirate, verbpixel, nounplasma screen, nounplatform, nounplatform game, nounPlayStation, plotter, nounplug and play, nounplug-and-play, adjectiveplug-in, nounpointer, nounpop-under, nounpop-up, nounport, nounport, verbportable, adjectivepost, verbpost-industrial, adjectivePostScript, nounPowerPoint, nounprint, verbprinter, nounprintout, nounprint-out, nounprint preview, nounprocess, verbprocessing, nounprocessor, nounprogram, nounprogram, verbprogram file, programmable, adjectiveprogrammer, nounprogramme trading, programming, nounprogramming language, PROLOG, nounPROM, nounprompt, verbprompt, nounprotocol, nounPsion, pull down, nounpull-down, adjectivepull-down menu, nounpunched card, nounquantum computer, nounQuarkXPress, queue, nounqwerty, adjectiveRAM, nounrandom access memory, nounread, verbread only memory, read-only memory, nounread-out, nounread-write, adjectivereal-time, adjectivereboot, verbrecall, verbre-chip, verbrecord, nounrecord, verbrefresh, verbreload, verbremaster, verbremote access, nounremote control, nounremote working, nounreseller, nounreset, verbrespawn, verbretinal scanner, nounretrieval, nounretrieve, verbretry, verbreturn, nounright-click, verbrip, verbroad warrior, nounrobot, nounrollover, nounROM, nounRoute 128, nounrouter, nounroutine, nounRSI, nounRTF, nounrun, verbsalami slicing, nounSamsung, save, verbscalability, nounscalable, adjectivescan, verbscanner, nounscramble, verbscreen, nounscreen-based, adjectivescreen dump, nounscreensaver, nounscreen saver, nounscreenshot, nounscroll, verbscroll bar, nounscroll key, SCSI, nounSEAQ, search, nounsearch, verbsearchable, adjectivesearch engine, nounSEATS, nounsecurity rating, SEGA, self-healing, adjectivesend, verbserial port, server, nounserver farm, nounservice bureau, nounservice pack, nounSET, nounset-up, nounSFA, nounSGML, nounshareware, nounshift, nounshift key, nounshoot-'em-up, nounshopping bot, sig file, nounsilicon, nounsilicon chip, nounSilicon Fen, nounSilicon Glen, Silicon Valley, sim, nounSIMM, nounsimulation, nounSinclair, Sir Clive, single sourcing, skin, nounslo-mo, adjectivesmall office/home office, nounsmart, adjectivesmart bomb, nounsneakernet, nounsoft copy, nounsoftware, nounsoftware engineering, SoHo, SOHO, nounSonic the Hedgehog, sort, nounsoundcard, nounsource code, nounspace bar, nounspam, nounspeech recognition, nounspeech recognition software, speech synthesizer, nounspellcheck, nounspellchecker, nounspell-checker, nounspider, nounspider food, nounspim, nounsplit screen, nounspreadsheet, nounspreadsheet software, spyware, nounstandalone, adjectivestand-alone, adjectivestandby time, nounStarr Report, the, nounstarter pack, nounstart-up, nounstorage, nounstorage unit, store, verbstore-and-forward, nounstrategic information system, stream, verbstreaming, nounStreet Fighter, string, nounstylus, nounsubdirectory, nounsubroutine, nounsuite, nounSun Microsystems, sunrise industry, nounsupercomputer, nounsuperserver, nounsupport, verbsupport, nounswitching, nounsynchronous, adjectivesyntax, nounsynthespian, nounsystem, nounsystem administrator, nounsystems analyst, nounsystems programmer, system tray, nountab, verbtab key, nountab stop, nountag, nountag, verbtape, nountape drive, taskbar, nountechie, nountechnical support, nountechno-, prefixtechnocracy, nountechno-geek, nountechnophobe, nountechy, telecentre, nountelecommuter, nountelematics, nounteleprinter, nounteleworker, nountemplate, nounterabyte, nounteraflop, nounterminal, nountestdeck, nountext-to-speech, adjectivethird-generation, adjectivethird-party software, thumbnail, nountickbox, nountick box, nountime out, nountime-sharing, nountitle bar, nountoggle, nountoner, nountoolbar, nountoolbox, nounTOPIC, nountop-level domain, nountop ranking, nounTorvalds, Linus, Toshiba, Tottenham Court Road, touchpad, nountouch screen, nountrackball, nountransaction processing, transputer, nounTrojan horse, nountroubleshooter, nounTTS, Turing, Alan, tutorial, nounundo, verbuninstall, verbunique visitor, nounUnix, noununlisted share, unlisted stock, unrecoverable error, unzip, verbup, adverbupdate, nounupgrade, verbupload, verbupload, nounuptime, nounusability, nounUSB, nounUSB drive, nounuser-friendly, adjectiveuser group, nounuser interface, nounuser name, nounUS Robotics, utility, nounVActor, nounvalid, adjectivevalue-added reseller, vapourware, nounVDT, nounVDU, nounVGA, nounvideocard, nounvideo game, nounvideo snacking, nounviral marketing, nounvirtual, adjectivevirtual corporation, virtually, adverbvirtual memory, nounvirtual office, nounvirtual organization, virtual reality, nounvirus, nounvoice print, nounvoice recognition, wallpaper, nounWAN, nounWAP, noun-ware, suffixwar game, nounWAV, nounwearable, nounWeb 2.0, nounweb browser, nounweb crawler, nounweb design, nounweb development, web-enabled, adjectiveweb hosting, nounweb log, nounweb log file, wide area network, wi-fi, nounWi-Fi, nounwild card, nounwindow, nounWindows, Wintel, wipe, verbWiponet, nounwireless internet, wireless networking, nounWord, Wordperfect, word processor, nounworkspace, nounworkstation, nounWorld Wide Web, the, worm, nounWozniak, Steve, write, verbwrite-protected, adjectiveWYSIWYG, nounXbox, XML, nounY2K, nounYahoo!, zap, verbzip file, nounzombie, noun
Collocations
COLLOCATIONS FROM THE ENTRY Meaning 1ADJECTIVES/NOUN + shift
· There has recently been a big shift in the way people are accessing information.
(=big and noticeable)· There has been a significant shift in government policy on education.
(=a complete change)· A fundamental shift in attitudes was underway.
· She immediately picked up his sudden shifts of mood.
(=a big and sudden change)· Increased spending on the armed forces marks a dramatic shift in priorities.
· There has been only a slight shift in income distribution.
· There has been a gradual shift in people’s attitudes towards cars.
(=a change which is small and not easy to notice)· Recently there has been a subtle shift in public opinion about the environment.
· The policy shift was triggered by a sharp increase in violent crime.
· We all know there were cultural shifts in the 1960s that significantly changed our society.
verbs
· The idea represents a dramatic shift in health care policy.
· The affair has brought about a shift in the government’s attitude towards immigration.
 Meaning 2verbs
· They work quite long shifts.
· I did a 12-hour shift yesterday.
· We had to work in shifts – four hours on and four off.
(=be working a shift)· He hardly sees the kids when he’s on shift.
(=be working a particular shift)· She’s on the late shift.
(=be working a series of day or night shifts)· He’s on night shifts all next week.
ADJECTIVES/NOUN + shift
· She found it hard to stay awake during her night shifts at the factory.
· He’s going to be on day shifts for five days.
· All the machines are cleaned at the end of every afternoon shift.
· Nobody wants to do the late shift.
· We used to work eight-hour shifts.
informal (=a shift that begins late at night or very early in the morning)· He chose to work the graveyard shift because the pay was slightly better.
(=when someone works two shifts one after the other)· He is only halfway through a 20-hour double shift.
shift + NOUN
(=working shifts)· Does the job involve shift work?
· The meetings are at different times so that shift workers have an opportunity to attend.
(=a system in which people work shifts)· A shift system was introduced in the department last year.
COLLOCATIONS FROM OTHER ENTRIES
(=changing frequently)· the shifting alliances in the Middle East
· Will this alter the balance of power in the EU?· His appointment shifted the government’s balance decisively to the right.
(=blame someone else for something you did)· She always tried to shift the blame onto her brother.
(=change who carries it)· The tax shifts the burden towards the rich.
(=change in the way people think or do something)· This announcement signalled a dramatic shift in the government’s policy.
(=change the emphasis to something else)· With drug addicts, we need to shift the emphasis from punishment to treatment.
(=changes)· The emphasis is now shifting away from oil towards renewable sources of energy.
(=move it to something else)· Opposition MPs accused the prime minister of trying to shift the focus onto other issues.
· The focus of the negotiations shifted to working conditions.
· Over the years, there has been a change of focus from treatment to prevention.
· His gaze travelled over the still water to the other side of the lake.
(=a small change)· The shift in policy placed more emphasis on teachers' assessments of students' progress.
· He shifted his position to get a better view of the stage.
COLLOCATIONS FROM THE CORPUSADJECTIVE
· After 1715 we see a sudden and dramatic shift in the leadership of both parties.· With this dramatic and disorienting shift in the way corporations structure themselves comes a change in business Ianguage.· The literature of the time provides ample evidence of a dramatic shift in public attitudes.· By himself, Woods can create dramatic ratings shifts on national television by playing in a tournament, any tournament.· We need to reduce the demand for travel and see a dramatic shift towards public transport, cycling and walking.· Environmental policy subsequently underwent dramatic shifts in both stride and direction.· The most dramatic shift is between the years 1971 and 1978.· There has been a dramatic shift of population since the 1950s: hunting-and-fishing settlements gave way to small towns.
· The place was almost empty: he was having lunch early because he was working the early shift.· The chronicles and histories of most nations include this early stage of shift from local parochialism to centralized authority.· There was a whole transport of people in the station coming home from early shift.· People on early shift were heading purposefully to work.· On Wednesdays the early shift stopped work to hear the Minister's nationwide broadcast.· The last meal is scheduled early because of the shift rota operated by officers.
· Will he effect a fundamental and long-term shift in Britain's tax and spend regime?· Over the years, there have been fundamental shifts in policy and strategy as attitudes toward the rural poor wax and wane.· The skill with which Coenwulf conserved Offa's imperium, however, can obscure some fundamental shifts of emphasis.· The fundamental shift in their self-concepts was well under way.· The fundamental shift towards allowing outside concessions to take new exploration areas, represents good long-term opportunities for the Wood Group.· The fundamental shift is from provider to enabler.· A fundamental shift in the emerging essence of the fishnet organization is the recasting of problems as dilemmas.
· This involvement testifies to a gradual shift of emphasis from the sectarian to the collaborative.· That gradual shift in attitudes was first seen in the 1992 presidential debates between Bill Clinton and George Bush.· This is a gradual shift in social attitudes.· Those last years saw a gradual shift from the somnambulance and uncertain awakenings of my earlier time in college.· With the end of the medieval period, however, a gradual shift in viewpoint took place.
· Within twenty years and a mere ten thousand foxes, the farmers saw a great shift in their charges.· The great shift toward less fatty beef and more chicken is a great, heart-healthy move.· The Hot Autumn marked a greater shift in the balance of power between labour and capital than occurred elsewhere.· So there it stands, a symbol of the great shift in southern politics.
· Ed Williams often worked late shifts as a chemical operator for the Albemarle Co., arriving home before dawn.· Working the late shift is hard.
· At this intraregional scale the resuIt has been a major shift in the urban-rural balance of manufacturing industry.· His top offensive threats are two temperamental sophomores, and he made a major schematic shift in midseason.· Greatly increased taxes and a major shift back to defence expenditure could be the least of our worries.· Either Mrs David has had an enormous impact on her countrymen or a major paradigm shift has occurred.· This book explores the idea of major economic shifts being on the agenda.· And third, in the last few centuries there has been a major shift of population to seaside cities.· A key concept in understanding such major shifts, and relating them to wider economic change, is uneven development.· Can we expect a major shift to closed circuit?
· But future Budgets need more radical shifts.· The prospect of radical shifts in urban policy faded just as quickly.· The prospect of artificial intelligence and life online has contributed to a radical shift in interpersonal relations.· Then there is the potential for a radical shift in the billing of telephone calls.· Science itself had undergone a radical shift since the Great War.
· So 1987/88 showed a significant shift in the balance of National Certificate entries.· Elections held this spring, for instance, presented a significant shift away from direct party political involvement in the Association.· But although change is ever-present, some periods seem to see greater and more significant shifts than others.· This has given the impression of a significant shift of resources in their direction.· There has, for example, been a significant shift in investment from the public to the private sector.· The Act marks the most significant shift in direction of the education service since that of 1944.· This specifically educational definition has of course continued, but its adoption by artists marks a significant shift.· The sixteenth century saw a significant shift in authority in Lewes.
· But some underlying patterning remains, despite the intervening years and the subtle shifts in values and beliefs.· Although subtle, this shift demonstrates what health professionals see as a change in priority.· Its subtle body shift has the power to nullify a forceful attack from an opponent.· There also was a subtle shift in defensive emphasis and a major one on offense that combined to save them from themselves.· This subtle shift has a great deal to do with the current fashion accessory of an eligible husband rather than an eligible boss.
· After 1715 we see a sudden and dramatic shift in the leadership of both parties.· They are used by sophisticated investors to insulate themselves from losses due to sudden market shifts.· Why the sudden shift in sentiment?· Firms that provide swaps buy or sell U. S. Treasuries to hedge against sudden interest rate shifts.
NOUN
· The night shift finished; the day shift take over.· One time they switched me from the night shift to the day shift, so I worked sixteen hours straight.· They even have day shifts and night shifts.
· Her gear shifts sounded like twenty cooks pushing trays of silverware into an industrial-strength garbage disposal.
· Reid reportedly worked as a stock clerk on the graveyard shift at a Wal-Mart in Mountain View.· I worked the graveyard shift and she would wake me up.
· Check the night shift log book for any messages or matters to be dealt with. 2.· When afternoon came, a doctor asked Martha if she would take the night shift and care for Ted herself.· Half-way through his night shift, coppersmith Norman was paralysed by a rare disease.· She went on the night shift in the pneumonia ward, where she helped dispense care and medicine.· The night shift finished; the day shift take over.· Unlike other law enforcement agencies, there are no standard day, evening and night shifts at the sheriff's department.· Occasionally he will get in early to see the morning shift or stay late for the night shift.· One time they switched me from the night shift to the day shift, so I worked sixteen hours straight.
· Either Mrs David has had an enormous impact on her countrymen or a major paradigm shift has occurred.· Can we expect to see a paradigm shift, where people want to drive less?· To wit, a paradigm shift.
· In the longer term, the new Child Support Agency represents a major policy shift.· While the federal policy shift began a decade ago, forest managers have been slow to put it into practice.· Signs of a policy shift towards a more protectionist approach have already been detected.· So each played it by ear, with resulting policy shifts that often appeared to be not only sudden but incomprehensible.· The policy shift was triggered by a sharp increase in violent crimes committed by young offenders during the late 1980s.· But it would signal a policy shift by the central bank that could crimp the economy severely later on.
· Guys who love the way a stick shift or a remote feels in their hands.
· Industrial relations became strained when the post office abolished a flexible shift system at the SWindon branch.· A shift system has been introduced at Broughton.· Tilne - some organisations operate on a shift system so the structure is based around a particular shift.· A shift system that improves junior doctors' working conditions is unlikely to save money.· A sleep profile for some one on such a shift system is shown in Fig. 2.4.· A two shift system was introduced in this department to coincide with the shift working in the underframe shop.
· She used to be a typist and is married to a car patrolman on shift work.· Those on shift work generally found it fairly easy to change with a friend, provided sufficient warning was available.
· As a shift worker, I am able to play during the week.· We got up at 6 a.m. to start making bacon and tomato butties for the Co-op Bakery and homeward-bound shift workers.· On Friday 6 June night shift workers again took unofficial action when a mixed material containing asbestos dust spilled.· Aside from shift workers, which groups of people are disproportionately liable to be stopped and questioned by the police?
VERB
· The variable we are interested in here is the variable which has caused the shift in the aggregate demand curve.· He claimed that the site was geologically unsound and any stress caused by a shift in water levels could cause an earthquake.· Again, we can expect long-term influences such as increasing income and wealth to cause a rightward shift of the demand curve.
· Part of this new regulation has involved a shift towards central rather than local control.· The history of how humans learned to love zero involves startling shifts in metaphysics, mathematics and science.
· It was decisive, in that it was marked by a shift in the character of the student body.· A border is a dividing line marking an abrupt shift between two separate, sometimes antagonistic, entities.· And such changes mark a decisive shift away from local democracy.· Between 1988 and 2000, the workforce will undergo a marked shift.· The Act marks the most significant shift in direction of the education service since that of 1944.· This specifically educational definition has of course continued, but its adoption by artists marks a significant shift.· The move appears to mark a significant shift in Government policy.· It marks a decisive shift on the part of the Sri Lankan government to sacrifice self-reliance for the possibility of increased foreign revenues.
· Research into technological innovation has generally assumed that although shifts have occurred they have been within a stable organisational framework.· Such shifts have occurred just twice in the last century.· The Smith-Thomson critique offers no causal explanation of precisely why shifts have occurred in the balance of community and state provision.· The question is thus worth asking why this shift of emphasis has occurred.· The second shift occurs when both the centre of orientation and the related objects are excluded from the canonical situation.· Either Mrs David has had an enormous impact on her countrymen or a major paradigm shift has occurred.· A shift in orientation has occurred in just the last ten years.
· It now appears that much of the change whose initial signs he spotted did in fact reflect a climatic shift.· As insurers made changes at different times, sales levels z fluctuated reflecting the shifts.· This rate has dipped significantly in the last two years reflecting the shift in priorities of the government's cultural policy.· The multimillion-dollar hard sell for psychiatric drugs reflects a striking shift in attitudes toward mental illness.· At the same time, recent Social Service legislation reflects a shift in Government policy.· The protocol reflected the continuing shift in favour of environmental protection, while recognizing the extent of differences which remained.
· They represent a shift in the social division of labour related to changes in the organization of manufacturing production.· We sometimes say that this represents the shift from compliance-based organizations to commitment-based organizations.· Suggests that this could represent a permanent shift in the housing market.· We could as well say that it represents a shift from requirements to desires.· The changes in the early 1970s were modifications of existing procedure and did not represent a major shift in emphasis.· In the longer term, the new Child Support Agency represents a major policy shift.· In that respect, the White Paper represents a major shift in decision-making about health care priorities.
· Above: The introduction of a transition curve requires a lateral shift of the line.· We are offended by reports which contradict our views; they require a total structural shift in our understanding of marriage.· To think in these terms requires a shift in the way humans conceive of time, the researchers said.
· So 1987/88 showed a significant shift in the balance of National Certificate entries.· A new Time magazine poll shows a huge shift among women who voted against Clinton in 1992 but prefer him now.· They show that the crucial shift to self-fertilization in the cultivated plant involves but a single gene.· In this case, the supply response is shown by a shift of the curve.· P.P. showed no consistent shifts of gaze to a target.· Its falling demand for bills is shown by an upward shift of the demand curve to.
Phrases
PHRASES FROM OTHER ENTRIES► shift/move your arse
  • It has been subtly shifting the goalposts of what can be done in and through art.
  • The answer to failure and sin is not to move the goalposts but to repent and try again.
1a change in the way people think about something, in the way something is done etcshift from/to the shift from one type of economic system to anothershift in an important shift in policy a marked shift (=noticeable change) in attitudes towards women2a)if workers in a factory, hospital etc work shifts, they work for a particular period of time during the day or night, and are then replaced by others, so that there are always people workingdo/work a (10-/12-/24- etc hour) shift Dave had to work a 12-hour shift yesterday. I work shifts.night/day etc shift The thought of working night shifts put her off becoming a nurse.early/late shift I’m on the early shift tomorrow.shift work/worker/working people who do shift work A shift system has been introduced. b)the workers who work during one of these periodsnight/day/early/late shift before the early shift goes off duty3a shift key:  To run the spell-checker, press SHIFT and F7.4 (also shift dress) a simple straight loose-fitting woman’s dressCOLLOCATIONS– Meaning 1ADJECTIVES/NOUN + shifta big/major shift· There has recently been a big shift in the way people are accessing information.a significant/marked shift (=big and noticeable)· There has been a significant shift in government policy on education.a fundamental shift (=a complete change)· A fundamental shift in attitudes was underway.a sudden shift· She immediately picked up his sudden shifts of mood.a dramatic shift (=a big and sudden change)· Increased spending on the armed forces marks a dramatic shift in priorities.a small/slight shift· There has been only a slight shift in income distribution.a gradual shift· There has been a gradual shift in people’s attitudes towards cars.a subtle shift (=a change which is small and not easy to notice)· Recently there has been a subtle shift in public opinion about the environment.a policy shift· The policy shift was triggered by a sharp increase in violent crime.a cultural shift· We all know there were cultural shifts in the 1960s that significantly changed our society.verbsmark/represent a shift· The idea represents a dramatic shift in health care policy.cause/bring about a shift· The affair has brought about a shift in the government’s attitude towards immigration.COLLOCATIONS– Meaning 2verbswork a shift· They work quite long shifts.do a shift· I did a 12-hour shift yesterday.work in shifts· We had to work in shifts – four hours on and four off.be on shift (=be working a shift)· He hardly sees the kids when he’s on shift.be on the late/early/night etc shift (=be working a particular shift)· She’s on the late shift.be on day/night shifts (=be working a series of day or night shifts)· He’s on night shifts all next week.ADJECTIVES/NOUN + shifta night shift· She found it hard to stay awake during her night shifts at the factory.a day shift· He’s going to be on day shifts for five days.a morning/afternoon/evening shift· All the machines are cleaned at the end of every afternoon shift.an early/late shift· Nobody wants to do the late shift.a 12-hour/16-hour etc shift· We used to work eight-hour shifts.the graveyard shift informal (=a shift that begins late at night or very early in the morning)· He chose to work the graveyard shift because the pay was slightly better.a double shift (=when someone works two shifts one after the other)· He is only halfway through a 20-hour double shift.shift + NOUNshift work/working (=working shifts)· Does the job involve shift work?a shift worker· The meetings are at different times so that shift workers have an opportunity to attend.a shift system (=a system in which people work shifts)· A shift system was introduced in the department last year.
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