Radiological study showed flat vertebral bodies, short curved appendicular skeleton and flaring of metaphyses.
Lúcia Noronha, Luciano Monte Serrat Prevedello, Everton M. Maggio, Maria José Serapião,Luiz F. Bleggi Torres 2002, 'Displasia tanatofórica: Relato de dois casos com estudo neuropatológico Thanatophoricdysplasia: neuropathological findings of two cases', Arquivos de Neuro-Psiquiatriahttp://www.scielo.br/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S0004-282X2002000100024. Retrieved from DOAJ CC BY 4.0 (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/legalcode)
All the tumours were of the appendicular skeleton; 4 were confirmed osteosarcomas.
R.J. Milner, I. Dormehl, W.K.A. Louw, S. Croft 1998, 'Targeted radiotherapy with Sm-153-EDTMP in nine cases of canine primary bone tumours',Journal of the South African Veterinary Associationhttps://jsava.co.za/index.php/jsava/article/view/802. Retrieved from DOAJ CC BY 4.0 (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/legalcode)
This suggests that they may be used to heal defects of the craniofacial or appendicular skeleton.
Benjamin Levi, Aaron W James, Emily R Nelson, Dean Vistnes, Benjamin Wu, Min Lee,Ankur Gupta, Michael T Longaker 2010, 'Human adipose derived stromal cells heal critical size mouse calvarial defects.',PLoS ONEhttp://europepmc.org/articles/PMC2887361?pdf=render. Retrieved from PLOS CC BY 4.0 (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/legalcode)
They mostly arise from the appendicular skeleton and present clinically in the second or third decade of life.
Vijay Sekharappa, Rohit Amritanand, Venkatesh Krishnan, Kenny Samuel David 2014, 'Symptomatic Solitary Osteochondroma of the Subaxial Cervical Spine in a 52-Year-OldPatient', Asian Spine Journalhttp://www.asianspinejournal.org/upload/pdf/asj-8-84.pdf. Retrieved from DOAJ CC BY 4.0 (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/legalcode)
Clinical examination revealed symmetric inflammatory arthritis involving the appendicular skeleton with predominant involvement of bilateral metacarpophalageal joints.
Vijay Alexander, Sohini Das, Austin Saju Mangan, Ramya Iyadurai 2019, 'Acute parvovirus B19 infection presenting as rheumatoid arthritis mimic', Journal of Family Medicine and Primary Carehttp://www.jfmpc.com/article.asp?issn=2249-4863;year=2019;volume=8;issue=3;spage=1257;epage=1259;aulast=Alexander. Retrieved from DOAJ CC BY 4.0 (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/legalcode)
The vertical, or climbing, group had access to a 60-cm tower, increasing strain on their appendicular skeleton.
Wendy R. Hood, Michael Hobensack 2015, 'The Effect of Locomotion on the Mobilization of Minerals from the Maternal Skeleton',PLOS ONE10.1371/journal.pone.0122702. Retrieved from PLOS CC BY 4.0 (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/legalcode)
The neoplasms involved mainly the appendicular skeleton, and were 3.5 times more prevalent in the forelimbs than in the hindlimbs.
Maria E. Trost, Glaucia D. Kommers, Corrie C. Brown, Claudio S.L. Barros, Luiz F.Irigoyen, Rafael A. Fighera, Maria A. Inkelmann, Taiara M. da Silva 2012, 'Primary bone neoplasms in dogs: 90 cases Neoplasmas ósseos primários em cães: 90 casos',Pesquisa Veterinária Brasileirahttp://www.scielo.br/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S0100-736X2012001200018. Retrieved from DOAJ CC BY 4.0 (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/legalcode)